ESSAY WRITING

ESSAY WRITING
Tentative Essay topics for 2022:-
• Artificial Intelligence: Requirements and Challenges
• India is projected to be the world’s third-largest economy. Give your views.
• A record increase in Unicorns will make India a 5 trillion dollar economy by 2030. Give you views.
• Advantages and Disadvantages of increasing the legal marriage of girls from 18 to21.
• Contribution of Renewable Energy to sustainable development in India.
• Cryptocurrency: A Mine of Controversies.
• Privatization of Banks: Advantages and Disadvantages
• Digital India Mission has accelerated the overall growth of India. Explain.
• India’s self-reliance in the defense sector
• Life lessons taught to us by Covid-19 epidemic.
• National health protection schemes/ AYUSHMAN Yojna.
• COP – 26 Movement/ Impact of Climate change/ Paris Agreement.
• Farmers’ protest and the three contentious farm laws.
• E-learning: How effective is it? 50% OFF on NABARD courses
• New Education Policy Code: NABARD50
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Important Statistics:-

1. Demographics
After China, India is the world’s second-most populated country - with the current
population exceeding 1.3 bn. With just one-third of the land area of China, India’s
population falls behind by only 47 mn. The country has a high population density of
450 persons per sq. km, which favours economies of scale and offers a vast and
diverse consumer base. About 62.5% of India’s population falls in the working age
group of 15-59 years.

2. Area
India is the seventh-largest country in terms of land area, with an area of 2.9 mn sq.
km. the total agricultural land is about 60.4%, of which 52.6% is arable. About 23.8%
of the total land area is covered by forests. The country has a land frontier of 15,200
km and a coastline of 7,516 km. 50% OFF on NABARD courses
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Important Statistics:-
3. Inflation
India's retail price inflation rate rose year-on-year to 2.86% in March 2019, slightly above the market
expectations of 2.8%. In March, the corresponding provisional inflation rates for rural and urban areas were
1.80% and 4.10% respectively, compared to 1.81% and 3.43% in February.
Inflation in India is measured using the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which measures the changes in the prices
of 260 commodities and services at the retail level. The country shifted from Wholesale Price Index (WPI) to CPI
in 2014, as the former does not account for the price of services as well as the bottlenecks between a wholesaler
and a retailer.

4. Financial Market
The financial market in India is facilitated through the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)-registered
stock exchanges, with National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) being the most
common. NSE is the second-largest exchange globally by the number of trades in equity shares, while BSE is
Asia’s first and currently fastest stock exchange. SEBI is the national regulatory body for the securities market.
There are more than 7,200 companies registered on NSE and BSE as of FY 2019. Corporates (including Public
Sector Enterprises), high-net worth individuals and retail investors are the key drivers of investment in the
country. India has a diverse financial sector, which is undergoing rapid 50% OFF on –NABARD
expansion due to the Government
courses
introducing several reforms to liberalise the market as well as schemes suchCode:
as the ‘Credit Guarantee Fund
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Scheme’ and the ‘MUDRA Yojana’ to provide easy access to finance.
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Important Statistics:-

5. Gross Value Added

The services sector is the largest sector of India. Gross Value Added (GVA) at current prices for the
services sector is estimated at 96.54 lakh crore INR in 2020-21. The services sector accounts for
53.89% of total India's GVA of 179.15 lakh crore Indian rupees. With GVA of Rs. 46.44 lakh crore,
the Industry sector contributes 25.92%. While Agriculture and allied sector share 20.19%.

6. Demonetisation
In November 2016, the Government of India announced the demonetisation of INR 500 and INR
1,000 currency notes and the issuance of new INR 500 and INR 2,000 notes. The purpose of it was
fourfold - to eradicate counterfeit notes; curb black money and the use of money in illegal
activities like human trafficking and terrorism; fight tax evasion and bring financial transactions
under the digital radar. The decision was met with mixed initial reactions, and saw a decrease in
the growth rate of the GDP - making it the lowest since March 2014. However, the bold action by
the Government eventually benefited the economy through increased digital transactions; rise in
mutual fund and insurance investments and an increase in income-tax returns filed - from 38 mn
in 2014 to 68.6 mn in 2018 - giving income tax officials the ability to track
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transactions. Code: NABARD50
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Important Statistics:-

7. Developing Sectors
Key sectors that are driving growth in the Indian economy include – construction, financial
services, technology, automotive and healthcare. With the launch of the ‘Make in India’
initiative, the country has seen a spur in infrastructure development, with growth of 5.6%
expected in the sector between 2016-20. Growth in India’s financial services sector is driven by
rising incomes and awareness, with India’s asset management industry reaching $ 321 bn in
February 2019, and becoming one of the fastest growing globally. India has the world’s
second-largest internet subscriber base, and is the third-largest tech startup hub. Its domestic
tech-market is the fastest growing in the Asia-Pacific region. India’s automobile sector is
expected grow at a CAGR of 15% to reach $ 300 bn by 2026, and become the third-largest
automotive market in terms of volume. The healthcare sector in India is expected to grow at a
CAGR of 22.9% to reach $ 372 bn by 2022.

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Important Statistics:-

8. Import and Export

During 2017-18, India’s exports and imports stood at $ 303.5 bn and $ 465.6 bn
respectively. Major items of export for India include precious metals and stones,
mineral fuels and auto components; while major import items include mineral fuels,
precious metals and stones and electrical machinery.

9. Share of Top Investing Countries - FDI Equity Inflows

Top countries investing in India through FDI equity inflows during 2000-18 included
Mauritius, Singapore, Japan, United Kingdom and the Netherlands. These countries
have invested $ 132.4 bn (32%), $ 79.7 bn (19%), $ 29.5 bn (7%), $ 26.5 bn (6.5%) and
$ 26.4 bn (6.5%) respectively during this period.
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Important Statistics:-

11. Per Capita Income in India

India’s per capita GDP (current price) stood at $ 1,979.4 in 2017, growing over 36%
in the last five years. The per capita GDP at purchasing power parity (current
price) was $ 7,166.2 during the same period.

12. Employment Scenario

The employment rate in India was recorded at 93.1% during 2018, with the
agricultural sector being the largest employer - employing more than 42.7% of the
workforce. The services sector employed 33.5%, while the manufacturing sector
employed 23.8% of the workforce.
Top five sectors in terms of employment generation in India as of 2017 were:
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 ESSAY WRITING
Essay types Skills tested Example prompt
Argumentative •Forming an opinion via research Has the rise of the internet
•Building an evidence-based argument had a positive or negative
impact on education?

Expository •Knowledge of a topic Explain how the inception of

•Communicating information clearly technology has
revolutionized the world.

Narrative •Creative language use Write about the importance

•Presenting a compelling narrative of Communication Skills.

Descriptive •Creative language use Write your opinions on

•Describing sensory details 50% OFF on NABARD courses
Nationalism vs
Code: NABARD50
Globalisation.
 ESSAY WRITING
Before the Exam:-

• Find out and read up as much information as possible about the relevant/tentative topics
of the exam.

• Learn and memorise the material with the exam format in mind from relevant sources.

• Review the notes/material frequently to maintain a good grasp of the content.

• Think and make notes about themes, ideas and patterns that recur through the course.

• Practice your critical and drafting skills as you review. 50% OFF on NABARD courses
Code: NABARD50
 ESSAY WRITING
Key Points to remember:-

1.Hook your reader

2.Give background information
3.Present your thesis statement
4.Map your essay’s structure

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Code: NABARD50
 ESSAY WRITING

o INTRODUCTION
o BODY – SOCIAL DIMENSION + ECONOMIC
IMPACTS + POLITICAL MEASURES.
o CONCLUSION

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 ESSAY WRITING
INTRODUCTION:-

Key elements of an introduction-

• Begin the Essay to grab the attention by providing some background information and
context.

• Connect it with the topic.

• Outline of argument.

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Code: NABARD50
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EXAMPLES-

“Cryptocurrency market witnessed a rise of 500% during the pandemic though bitcoin was invented in 2008. India is still
hesitant to adopt cryptocurrency formally and many discussions are being undertaken to understand the intricacies and
importance of cryptocurrency for future use.”

“As per Artificial Intelligence and Analytics startup investment 2021 report, Indian AI market is valued at 7.8 Billion Dollars.
It is being seen as a tool of world transformation and complete overhaul of the way different sectors of economy work.”

“In 1950-51, the contribution of agricultural sector to national income was 59% and in 2019-20, it plummeted to 17.4%.
Agriculture demands top most priority because the Government and the nation would both fail to succeed if agriculture
could not be successful because Two-thirds of our population is dependent on agriculture directly or indirectly.”

“Our world has been riding the strides on globalisation and information economy where news is delivered instantly on our
fingertips. The proliferation of social media has further made news accessible in every nook and corner of the world.
Although this has greatly transformed our world for the better, it has also contributed to certain vices, one of them being
the birth of 'Fake News’.” 50% OFF on NABARD courses
Code: NABARD50
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Body:-
The following are important aspects of all body paragraphs:-

• A clear topic sentence.

• Specific evidence or supporting detail.
• Examples.
• Unity and cohesion.
• To form new paragraphs use the S – E - P trick.
▪ What are problems/obstacles related to the issue?/What are benefits of the Scheme/ What is/are
the roles/purpose of a body/ What are the reasons behind the issue?
▪ Why has the problem prevailed in our country?
▪ How to tackle/resolve/improve/ fight the issue?
▪ What are steps/measures/precautions been or not been or to be taken on the issue?
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Body:-
EXAMPLES:-

“Cryptocurrencies can used in governance, schemes involving direct benefit transfers and pensions for senior citizens, etc.
There are many advantages in cryptocurrency primarily being a cost effective compared to traditional transfers which involves
intermediaries like banks, payment gateways, credit cards which consume around 100 trillion dollars annually.”

“AI is being seen as a transformative technology as it is capable of doing error free jobs. It is a better risk taker and hence can
be used to diffuse bombs , rescue operations in nuclear accidents, etc. In addition, it works longer, efficiently and can make
faster decisions too. Socially it can help in giving more targeted service to beneficiary based on well performed analysis. Over
fertilisation and soil pollution could be checked too. Law enforcement agencies will be benefiting too with the onset of Facial
recognition technology, understanding crime patterns, etc.”

“Fake news refers to sensational news based on hearsay and having no concrete evidence to back it up, yet
creating ripples across our society as it is designed to manipulate our emotions, biases and insecurities into
causing havoc. In recent years, social media has made the phenomenon50% turnOFF
worse. Baseless
on NABARD allegations have
courses
proved to cause violent riots along wider parts in our nation. Fake news is notCode:
limited to religion, caste,
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regionalism, secessionism or political vendetta.”
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CONCLUSION:-
• Return to the theme of the introduction.
• Propose a course of action, a solution to the issue, Implications upon the future, or Consequences if measures
are not taken against an issue.

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Code: NABARD50
 ESSAY WRITING
EXAMPLES-

“Banning cryptocurrency will also lead to exodus brain drain and talent from India. India has always been late in all industrial
revolution like adoption of semiconductors, etc. but now a change of mindset is needed to adopt accordingly. India to
become a $5 trillion economy by 2030 effective use of human capital and resources for the benefit of job creation and
sustainable development regulation will be the need of the hour.”

“India has recently collaborated with US and UK to bring in more infrastructure. If we overcome the challenges, India may
see a new dawn of growth and achievements.”

“Recognition of the social issues is the first step to find solution. Most of the issues are due to lack of awareness and could
be addressed through sensitization programs from the Governments and stakeholders. Since many social issues like Sati,
Untouchability etc., have been dealt successfully in the past, the future holds hope to deal with the current social issues.”

“We must take concrete steps to prevent the proliferation of fake news that can gravel challenge our internal security. People
should be sensitised to address these falsehoods at the start itself and authorities must be prompt to address any issue that
can create massive flames.”
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 ESSAY WRITING
During the Exam:-

1.Plan time allocation to Essay.

2.Chalk out a rough draft of the essay by using – I-SEP-C Structure.

3.Write out your points as quickly and as neatly as you can.

4.Back up your thesis by using specific references to the topic that you have researched and
studied.

5.Use Facts/Data/Stats/Reports/Schemes/Specific references to strengthen the essay.

6.Remember to proofread your answers and edit or correct50% OFF on NABARD courses
and errors in spelling or grammar.
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Sample Essays-
1. Farmer's Protest and its economic impacts.

2.GM crops: Advantages and Disadvantages.

3. Discuss the role of MSME Sector.

4. Electric Vehicles: the future of vehicles. Elaborate.

5. Importance of good decision making skills in life.

1. Farmer's Protest and its economic impacts.
About 58% of India's population comprises those employed in farming and related sector as per Indian Census 2011. This being
an undeniable fact, any adverse action from this population will have enormous ripple effect in the entire Indian economy.
Though agriculture contributes around mere 17% of the GDP, the population is significant that emanates to the whole
economy.
Recently there has been measures to augment farm income and boost employment. One being the recent farm laws that have
been passed. There are three farm laws aimed to achieve the Governments ambitious target of 'Doubling Farmers Income by
2025'. They are Farmers Protection and Trade Facilitation Act and Amendment to the Essential Commodities Act.
These acts ensures farmer can determine the prices for their produce by entering into contract with the private sector,
removing agricultural goods from the essential commodities list to facilitate sales of agricultural produce without restrictions
and annihilate the monopoly established in the mandis. But the Minimum Support Price clause turned to be contentious. As a
result widespread protest rocked the entire country for months.
But surprisingly these protests had infinitesimal effects in the economy. The country recorded foodgrains production of 303.4
million tons this year which is 11.4 million tons more than the previous year. Not only foodgrains but also fruits, vegetables,
oilseed production saw significant jump in production from last year. The agricultural GVA stood at 17.8% as per the economic
survey 2020-2021.
1. Farmer's Protest and its economic impacts.
The GDP recovered significantly from the post pandemic contraction where agriculture sector registered more growth than
other sectors. Overall growth of the Indian economy was so good that India emerged as the fastest growing large economies
among the world surpassing Chine. The GDP is expected to grow 9.5% in financial year 2022. All these happened despite the
farmer's protest in the country for months.
Its intriguing to see that the economy fared excellent despite the farmer's protest, who makes up almost 58% of the
population. With various macroeconomic parameters such as GDP, core inflation Indian economy has been unscathed by
protest.
2. GM crops: Advantages and Disadvantages.
According to Economic Survey 2020-2021, about 54.6% of the total workforce in the country is engaged in agriculture and
allied sector and still India ranked 94 among 107 nations in the Global Hunger Index 2020 and is in the ‘serious’ category.
Scientists around the world have been asserting that Gm Crops can solve the world’s hunger problem. Still concerns about
health and environment prevail. India ranks 4th in terms of usage of Genetically Modified crops after USA, Brazil and
Argentina.
Genetically Modified crop is a crop which has a gene artificially inserted into it from another species to give it some desired
properties. Some important information related to GM Crops are -
1. BT Cotton is the only Genetically Modified (GM) Crop that is allowed in India.
2. The government has not approved commercial cultivation of other Genetically Modified (GM) crops, though efforts have
been made for brinjal and mustard.
3. In India, the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is the apex body that allows for commercial release of GM
crops.
Why do farmers use GM crops? Some benefits of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops are increased crop yields, reduced costs for
pesticides, greater food security, increased resistance to droughts and increased resistance to herbicides.
2. GM crops: Advantages and Disadvantages.
Recently, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) in its order has set 1% threshold for Genetically Modified
Organisms in food crop imported into India because there could be risk associated with the specific new gene introduced,
which is why each crop with a new characteristic introduced by GM Crop is subject to close Scrutiny.
What does people is opposition of GM says? There are some potential risks associated with Genetically Modified Crops such as
Allergies, other anti-nutritional factors in food, resistance to antibiotics, it can be dangerous to other insects that are important
to our ecosystem, damage the environment, can threaten crop diversity.
As said by M.S. Swaminathan “If agriculture will fail, everything else will fail” this is very true in context of India which is highly
dependent on agriculture, various environmental activists have voiced serious concern on GM seeds that multinational
agribusiness companies taking over farming from the hands of small farmers. Highly dependence on GM crops companies
could prove to be a financial burden for farmers. Therefore, keeping SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and production) in
mind balance between technology and nature is highly recommended in every sector.
3. Discuss the role of MSME Sector.
In India with a population size of about 1.3 billion, the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has a vital role in
the economy. It fosters entrepreneurship, generates large employment opportunities, absorbs the surplus agricultural labour,
complements to large industries as ancillary units.
The MSME sector contributes in a significant way as it shares around 30 per cent in nominal GDP in 2016-17.The share of the
sector in total manufacturing output was even higher at 45 per cent. The Government has envisioned to increase/increasing its
contribution to GDP to over 50 per cent in next few years. As per the 73rd round of National Sample Survey (NSS) conducted
during the period 2015-16, the estimated employment in MSME sector was around 11 crore. It shows the importance of
MSME sector in our country.
Despite the MSME sector contributing significantly to the economy, it continues to face several challenges. The major
challenges include physical infrastructure bottlenecks, absence of formalisation, and inertia to technology adoption, capacity
building, backward and forward linkages, lack of access to credit and risk capital, and the perennial problem of delayed
payments, among others. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has already created mayhem in this sector as millions of jobs will be
lost.
3. Discuss the role of MSME Sector.
In order to understand the structural bottlenecks and factors affecting the performance of the MSMEs in 2019 RBI had set up
an Expert Committee on MSMEs under the Chairmanship of Shri U.K Sinha. The Committee has undertaken comprehensive
review of the sector and given several recommendations like wide-ranging and broadly relate to legislative
changes,infrastructure development,capacity building, technological upgradation, improving backward and forward linkages.
The Reserve Bank has taken several measures in the recent period to improve the flow of credit to the MSME sector. Banks
form the predominant source of formal credit to MSMEs with all such loans by banks qualifying for Priority Sector Lending. In
the Union Budget 2020-21, the Government has announced app-based invoice financing products to obviate the problem of
delayed payments of MSME. The mechanism may prove complementary to the TReDS platform and would further alleviate the
problem of delayed payments.
As the MSME sector holds immense potential, the need is to have a/the right set of policies and enabling framework which
guide and support MSMEs to effectively handle their existing problems and venture into new areas. By revitalising this sector,
India can achieve the goal of $5 trillion economy within 2024-25.
4. Electric Vehicles: the future of vehicles. Elaborate.

With increasing population, the demand for energy is constantly on rise in India. Currently our nation sources 80% of its energy
from conventional power sources primarily oil for transport and coal for power. To add to this, India is also witnessing a
massive upsurge in urbanization, in the last 2 decades India has seen nearly 7% increase in proportion of urban population this
coupled with increased standard of living in urban centers, the stress on oil has been immense. To this effect, Electric Vehicles
appear to be the gamechanger for our nation both to reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, primarily crude oil, as well
as to avoid the massive air pollution problem that we face today.
India has repeatedly and infamously always been one of the forerunners in the list of most polluted nations, last year we were
ranked third. Elevated pollutant levels have almost been a daily affair for urban population here. Vehicular pollution is one of
the major source of air pollution in our nation contribution almost to the tune of 70%. Electric vehicles driven by electricity
offer alternative mode of transport that not only offers similar if not better performance when compared to conventional
vehicles but also offers us a much cleaner alternative. Electric vehicles do not emit harmful pollutants thereby being much
humble to the atmosphere.
Currently 84% of our crude oil needs are met by imports which shows India does not have sufficient oil reserves to cater to its
domestic demands. The import of oil not only adds to the imbalance in the balance of trade equation but also makes us
dependent of external sources for running our day to day affairs. In case of crisis like a war, something as routine as commuting
from one place to other is likely to be threatened because of our over dependence on other nations.
4. Electric Vehicles: the future of vehicles. Elaborate.

To much relief electric vehicles can rescue us from the situation stated above. Majority of India's electricity is produces through
domestic resources, and even the small dependence on other nations for fuels such as coal is being mitigated. Government has
put massive thrust on renewable sources such as solar energy aiming to increase its share to 40% of total energy being
produced by 2030. In addition, the massive deposits of thorium along the coast of Kerela, nearly 70% of the entire world, offer
us an unprecedented advantage in terms of long term energy security.
Adoption to electric vehicles thus seems an inevitable transformation that the government should and rather is actively
pursuing. Through FAME scheme, that is, faster adoption and manufacturing of hybrid and electrical vehicles, the government
has made it ample clear that shifting to electric vehicles is the way forward. Installation of chargers at appropriate distances,
subsidies to early adopters, thrust on research to further bring down the cost of production are just some of the steps that the
government and the industry are actively pursuing.
It has been seen that electric vehicles offers a country like India, much higher incentives in terms of energy security as well as
lowered impact on health add to this the threat of depleting crude reserves. Electric vehicles are a source of transportation
that can solve many of the issues stated above, thus it becomes imperative to shift to this novel mode of transport.
5. Importance of good decision making skills in life.
Decision making involves choosing between various alternatives by evaluating them against some criteria and implementing
the chosen alternative. It is a process which holds importance for an individual, a corporation, a country and the entire world.
Whether to eat a healthy snack or a packet of chips involves making a decision. Whether to sell a low cost good with average
quality or a high cost good with very good quality involves making a decision. Whether to join climate change agreements or
not involves making a decision. Any decision made has consequences for the person concerned and also for those around her.
Some decisions have repercussions across time and space. For example, climate change action or inaction will have
consequences across borders and generations. Given the importance of decisions, skills to reach good decisions become
essential.
But what would really constitute a good decision? It can be decided by evaluating the various alternatives based on facts and
previous experiences as may be done by a CEO of a company to expand market reach of their product based on costs, prices,
profits involved. It can also be a subjective decision based on the values involved as may be the case of a public servant who is
being bribed. He has to choose between greed and integrity to decide on his action.
5. Importance of good decision making skills in life.
This means that good decision making skills involves objective and subjective parameters. To be able to evaluate facts, data
and learn from past experiences is critical. Also, to assess risks and probabilities of results of various decisions is critical. The
subjective parameters would involve a person's value system. Thus, to acquire skills of good decision making, education,
understanding and a good upbringing is important. The family, peer group, government, media and civil society are factors
affecting these skills.
To possess good decision making skills, understanding the consequences of one's decisions and evaluate the results to improve
in future is essential. This is because the consequences a person taken in the capacity of a father, son, teacher, minister, CEO,
or a country's leader has wide ranging consequences on his family, society, peer group, students, country, environment and the
global order.