UPSC Syllabus Electrical Engineering

UPSC Syllabus Electrical Engineering
1. Circuits—Theory:
Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; Circuit analysis methods : nodal
analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient
analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits;
coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-port networks.
2. Signals and Systems:
Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems; LTI

systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems
based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform,
Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of
signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.
3. E.M. Theory:
Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions,

reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission lines : travelling and
standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.
4. Analog Electronics:
Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET
and MOSFET. Diode circuits : Clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability.
FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, differential,
operational feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of
amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for oscillation;
single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-
shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies.
5. Digital Electronics:
Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families

(DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code
converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops,
counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold
circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using
programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).
6. Energy Conversion:
Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating

machines. DC machines: characteristics and performance analysis; starting and
speed control of motors. Transformers : principles of operation and analysis;
regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and
synchronous machines : characteristics and performance analysis; speed control.
7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives:
Semi-conductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-
static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control
rectifiers; bridge converters : fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of
thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic
concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-speed
drives.
8. Analog Communication :
Random variables: continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions.

Statistical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise : white noise,
noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio.
Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators
and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation: PM & FM signals; narrows
band FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW
modulation system : Superheterodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication
receivers, FM receivers, phase-locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio
calculation or AM and FM receivers.
:: PAPER - II ::
1. Control Systems:
Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-

loop systems; principles and applications of feedback. Control system components.
LTI systems: time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability: Routh Hurwitz
criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and polar plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-
lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation
and analysis of control systems.
2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers:
PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register settiming diagram, programming,

interrupts, memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.
3. Measurement and Instrumentation : Error analysis; measurement of current
voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and
frequency; bridge measurements. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring
instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter,
spectrum-analyser, distoration-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor,
LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal.
4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control:
Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of

active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus
admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor
correction; economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical
and unsymmetrical faults. Concepts of system stability : swing curves and equal
area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.
5. Power System Protection:
Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid

state relays. Circuit brakers. Computer aided protection : introduction; line, bus,
generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to
protection.
6. Digital Communication:
Pulse code modulation (PCM), defferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta
modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude,
phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error
detection and correction, linear block codes, convolation codes. Information
measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.

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UPSC Syllabus Electrical Engineering

2. Signals and Systems:

Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems; LTI

Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions,

Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families

Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives:

Random variables: continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions.

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-

PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register settiming diagram, programming,

4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control:

Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of

5. Power System Protection:

Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid

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