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"Brazilian Republic" redirects here. For other uses, see  Brazil (disambiguation) and  Brazilian
Republic (disambiguation).

Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil, pronounced [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of

Brazil (Portuguese:  República Federativa do Brasil),[11] is the largest country in
both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers
(3,300,000 sq mi)[12] and with over 211 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest
country by area and the sixth most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most
populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states and
the Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official
language and the only one in the Americas;[13][14] it is also one of the
most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of
mass immigration from around the world;[15] as well as the most populous Roman
Catholic-majority country.

Federative Republic of Brazil

República Federativa do Brasil  (Portuguese)

Flag
 Coat of arms

Motto: Ordem e Progresso  (Portuguese)
"Order and Progress"

Anthem: Hino Nacional Brasileiro  (Portuguese)

"Brazilian National Anthem"

Flag anthem: Hino à Bandeira Nacional  (Portuguese)[1]

"National Flag Anthem"

National seal

 Selo Nacional do Brasil

National Seal of Brazil

Capital Brasília
15°47′S 47°52′W

Largest city São Paulo

23°33′S 46°38′W
 Official language Portuguese[2]
and national language

Ethnic groups   47.73% White[nt 1]
 43.13% Mixed[nt 2]
(2010)[3][4]
 7.61% Black
 1.09% East Asian[nt 3]
 0.43% Indigenous

Religion   88.8% Christianity
 —64.6% Roman Catholic
(2010)[5][6]
 —22.2% Protestant
 —2.0% Other Christian
 8.0% No religion
 2.0% Spiritism
 1.2% Other

Demonym(s) Brazilian

Government Federal presidential republic

• President Jair Bolsonaro

• Vice President Hamilton Mourão

• President of the Arthur Lira

Chamber of Deputies

• President of the Rodrigo Pacheco

Federal Senate

• President of the Luiz Fux

Supreme Federal
Court

Legislature National Congress

• Upper house Federal Senate

• Lower house Chamber of Deputies

Independence 

from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the

Algarves

• Declared 7 September 1822

 • Recognized 29 August 1825

• Republic 15 November 1889

• Current constitution 5 October 1988

Area

• Total 8,515,767 km2 (3,287,956 sq mi)
(5th)

• Water (%) 0.65

Population

• 2019 estimate 210,147,125[7] (6th)

• Density 25/km2 (64.7/sq mi) (200th)

GDP (PPP) 2021 estimate

• Total  $3.328 trillion[8] (8th)

• Per capita  $15,642[8] (84th)

GDP (nominal) 2021 estimate

• Total  $1.491 trillion[8] (13th)

• Per capita  $7,010[8] (87th)

Gini (2019)  53.4[9]
high · 10th

HDI (2019)  0.765[10]
high · 84th

Currency Real (R$) (BRL)

Time zone UTC−2 to −5 (BRT)

Date format dd/mm/yyyy (CE)

Mains electricity 220 V, 60 Hz and 127 V, 60 Hz

Driving side right

 Calling code +55

ISO 3166 code BR

Internet TLD .br

Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers
(4,655 mi).[16] It borders all other countries in South America
except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area.[17] Its Amazon
basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological
systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats.[16] This
unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the
subject of significant global interest, as environmental degradation through processes
like deforestation has direct impacts on global issues like climate
change and biodiversity loss.
Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of
explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil
remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 when the capital of the empire was transferred
from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. In 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom
upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the
Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil,
a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system.
The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral
legislature, now called the National Congress. The country became a presidential
republic in 1889 following a military coup d'état. An authoritarian military junta came
to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, after which civilian governance resumed. Brazil's
current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic.
[18] Due to its rich culture and history, the country ranks thirteenth in the world by
number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[19]
Brazil is a regional and middle power,[20][21][22] and an emerging power.[23][24][25]
[26] Brazil is classified as an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank[27] and
a newly industrialized country,[28] with the largest share of global wealth in South
America. It is considered an advanced emerging economy,[29] having the twelfth
largest GDP in the world by nominal, and eighth by PPP measures.[30][31] It is one of the
world's major breadbaskets, being the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years.
[32] However, the country maintains high amounts of corruption, crime and social
inequality. Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations,
the G20, BRICS, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-
American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.
Etymology
History
Geography
Government and politics
Economy
Infrastructure
Demographics
Culture
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links

Last edited 9 days ago by Citation bot

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