Column manual

Metrosep A Supp 17 - XXX/4.0 (6.01032.4X0)

Manual
8.0107.8001EN / 2021-03-30
Metrohm AG
CH-9100 Herisau
Switzerland
+41 71 353 85 85
[email protected]
www.metrohm.com

Column manual
Metrosep A Supp 17 - XXX/4.0
(6.01032.4X0)

Manual

8.0107.8001EN / 2021-03-30
Technical Communication
Metrohm AG
CH-9100 Herisau

This documentation is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

This documentation has been prepared with great care. However, errors
can never be entirely ruled out. Please send comments regarding possible
errors to the address above.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Table of contents

Table of contents
1 General information 1
1.1 Ordering information ........................................................... 1
1.2 Technical specifications ........................................................ 1

2 Key aspects of working with separation columns 3

3 Eluent production 7
3.1 Chemicals ............................................................................... 7
3.2 Production of standard eluent ............................................. 7

4 Start-up 9
4.1 Connecting and rinsing the guard column ......................... 9
4.2 Connecting the separation column ................................... 11
4.3 Conditioning ........................................................................ 14

5 Applications 16
5.1 Standard chromatogram .................................................... 16
5.2 Effects of temperature ....................................................... 17
5.3 Eluent flow rate variation .................................................. 19
5.4 Variation of the eluent ....................................................... 22
5.5 Water analysis ..................................................................... 30
5.6 Organic acids ...................................................................... 32
5.7 Alternative eluent for standard anions ............................. 34

6 Troubleshooting 36
6.1 Regeneration ....................................................................... 36
6.2 Decreasing resolution / peak shapes ................................ 37
6.3 Unstable retention times ................................................... 38
6.4 Unknown peaks .................................................................. 38
6.5 Increasing backpressure ..................................................... 39

7 Literature 40
Index 41

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1 General information
This anion separation column is especially suitable for determinations of
drinking water, raw water, wastewater and similar samples. Inorganic low-
molecular anions are analyzed in this process.

1.1 Ordering information

Table 1 4-mm columns

Order number Designation
6.01032.410 Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0
6.01032.420 Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0
6.01032.430 Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0

Table 2 4-mm guard column

Order number Designation
6.01032.500 Metrosep A Supp 17 Guard/4.0
6.01032.510 Metrosep A Supp 17 S-Guard/4.0

1.2 Technical specifications

Column material Polystyrene/divinylbenzene copolymer with quaternary ammonium
groups
Particle size 5 µm
Measurements Order number Measurements
6.01032.410 100 x 4.0 mm
6.01032.420 150 x 4.0 mm
6.01032.430 250 x 4.0 mm

pH range 0 to 14
Temperature range 10 to 70 °C
Recommended 25 °C
standard tempera-
ture
Maximum pres- 18 MPa (180 bar)
sure

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 1.2 Technical specifications ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Flow rate Order number Recommended Maximum flow

flow rate rate
6.01032.410 0.6 mL/min 1.8 mL/min
6.01032.420 0.6 mL/min 1.4 mL/min
6.01032.430 0.6 mL/min 0.9 mL/min

Standard eluent 5.0 mmol/L sodium carbonate and 0.2 mmol/L sodium hydrogen car-
bonate
Permitted organic
additives
In the eluent 0 to 40% acetonitrile, acetone
0 to 100% methanol
In the sample 0 to 40% acetonitrile, acetone
matrix 0 to 100% methanol

Capacity Order number Capacity

6.01032.410 43 µmol (Cl-)
6.01032.420 65 µmol (Cl-)
6.01032.430 109 µmol (Cl-)

Preparation 1. Use a flow gradient to set the column to the standard flow within
2 minutes.
2. Wait until the baseline sets.
Storage Store the column in standard eluent and, ideally, at a temperature of 4
to 8 °C.
Typical pressure For columns with guard column at standard conditions:
Order number Typical pressure
6.01032.410 5.7 ± 2 MPa
6.01032.420 7.6 ± 2 MPa
6.01032.430 10.9 ± 2 MPa

Column housing Smart column with a chip, called an iColumn, made of PEEK
Application Determination of inorganic anions and low-molecular anions with
chemical and sequential suppression.

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2 Key aspects of working with separation col-

umns
Storage Once the backpressure in your ion chromatograph has dissipated, remove
the column at ambient temperature. Seal the column at both ends using
the original stoppers (6.2744.060). Store it in the standard eluent and,
ideally, at a temperature between 4 and 8 °C.

Bacterial growth Bacterial growth significantly affects chromatography and ruins separation
columns. A vast array of problems in chromatography are caused by the
growth of algae, bacteria and fungi.
In order to prevent bacterial growth, always use fresh eluents, rinsing solu-
tions and regeneration solutions. Do not use any solutions that have not
been used for a prolonged period. Metrohm recommends cleaning all ves-
sels as follows before filling them:
1. Thoroughly rinse with ultrapure, UV-treated water (> 18.2 MΩ).
2. Swirl a methanol-water or acetone-water mixture around in the ves-
sel.
3. Rinse again with ultrapure water.
If you notice the growth of bacteria or algae despite these precautionary
measures, add 5% methanol or acetonitrile to the eluent.

Chemical quality All chemicals must have at least a quality of p.a. or puriss. Standard solu-
tions must be intended specifically for ion chromatography.

Chemical stress Even though specifications may indicate that separation phases do cover a
large pH range, this does not mean they are chemically inert. Separation
columns last longest when subjected to constant chemical conditions.
Never allow a column to dry out and ensure the column is sealed well at
all times.
Also protect eluents that have a weak buffer capacity (such as caustic
soda eluents) from carbon dioxide.

CO2 Carbon dioxide from the air affects the carbonate / hydrogen carbonate
balance in the eluent. The eluent becomes weaker over time. In order to
prevent this, always outfit the eluent bottle with CO2 adsorber material
(such as soda lime).

Eluent bottles The eluents are usually placed directly on the IC system in special eluent
bottles. The bottles must feature an adsorber tube in order to prevent
moisture and carbon dioxide from getting into the eluent. The adsorber

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tube is usually filled with molecular sieve. For sodium hydroxide and car-
bonate eluents, soda lime (a weak CO2 adsorber) is used.

Degassing the eluent In order to prevent bubbles from forming, Metrohm recommends degass-
ing the produced eluent before using it in your IC system. To degas the
eluent, create a vacuum for approximately ten minutes using a water-jet
pump or an oil pump. Use an ultrasonic bath or work with an eluent
degasser.

Filter Problems that occur in IC systems are usually related to particles. These
particles can be introduced from the following sources:
￭ Bacterial growth
￭ Unfiltered eluents
￭ The sample
￭ The rinsing solution and/or regeneration solution
Minimize this risk by using an aspiration filter (6.2821.090), an inline filter
(6.2821.120) and a guard column. The filters are part of the basic equip-
ment for Metrohm ion chromatographs and are included in the scope of
delivery. We also recommend changing the filters regularly.

Filtering the eluent All eluents have to be microfiltered (0.45 µm) immediately before use.

Particles All solutions, samples, regeneration solutions, water and eluents must be
free of particles. Particles clog separation columns over time (column pres-
sure increases). Be especially conscious of ensuring that there are no parti-
cles present when producing eluents. The eluent continuously flows
through the column at a rate of 500 to 1000 mL per workday compared
to about 0.5 mL of the sample solution. Filter or dialyze your sample auto-
matically with one of the Metrohm Inline Sample Preparation techniques
(MISP).

Sample preparation Sample preparation cartridges are used to prepare critical samples that
cartridges must not be injected directly into the separation column. They perform
tasks such as removing organic contaminants or neutralizing heavily alka-
line or acidic samples. Sample preparation cartridges are consumables that
generally cannot be regenerated. Sample preparation cartridges do not
replace the guard column, which should always be used with each separa-
tion column. As an alternative to sample preparation cartridges, Metrohm
Inline Sample Preparation techniques (MISP) can be used, such as for neu-
tralizing alkaline samples.

Pulsation absorber Metrohm recommends using a pulsation absorber (6.2620.150). Polyme-

thacrylate columns and polyvinyl alcohol columns in particular must be
protected from the brief pressure surges that inevitably occur when
switching the valves.

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Mechanical stress Mechanical loads on the column should be avoided. For example, the col-
umn impacting a hard surface can cause a break or gap in the column
packing (separation phase material); this affects the chromatography
results. The column is irreparably damaged as a result.

Regenerating separa- If separation columns are operated with clean eluents and filled with sam-
tion columns ples free of particles, you can expect the column to have a long service
life. This means regenerating the column is not required and, after a multi-
tude of injections, no longer possible.
If the pressure in the column increases unexpectedly despite this or if the
separating efficiency decreases, the regeneration steps specified for every
column can be carried out. Generally, it is important to keep in mind that
the regeneration takes place outside the analytical line. Connect the sepa-
ration column to the pump directly. Route the regeneration solution
through the column directly into a waste container. Before reinstalling the
separation column, it must be properly rinsed with fresh eluent.

Shutting down the If you will not be working with the ion chromatograph for a prolonged
ion chromatograph period (> 1 week), Metrohm recommends removing the separation col-
umn and sealing it with the stoppers provided. Rinse the ion chromato-
graph with methanol/water (1:4). Store the separation column in the
medium indicated on the column leaflet and, ideally, at a temperature
between 4 and 8 °C if not specified otherwise.
When you return the instrument to operation, rinse the ion chromato-
graph with fresh eluent. Bring the separation column back to ambient
temperature before you install it. Then increase the temperature if neces-
sary.

Fun Ion chromatography should be fun and should not stress you out.
Metrohm puts all its work into ensuring you can work reliably with your IC
systems with minimal maintenance, servicing and costs. Metrosep separa-
tion columns embody the attributes of quality, long service life and excel-
lent results.

Environmental pro- A significant advantage of ion chromatography is that most of the work
tection involves aqueous media. As a result, the chemicals used in ion chromatog-
raphy are largely non-toxic and do not impact the environment. However,
if you are working with acids, bases, organic solvents or heavy metal
standards, dispose of them properly after use.

Guard columns Guard columns are used to protect separation columns. We strongly rec-
ommend their use. They normally contain the same stationary phase also
used in the separation columns, but in significantly reduced quantity to
avoid impacting the chromatography. Guard columns remove critical con-

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taminants that could react with column material; they also effectively
remove particles and bacterial contaminants.
Replace the guard column in the following cases:
￭ If the backpressure in the system increases
￭ If the chromatography results deteriorate
Metrohm recommends using 3 to 4 guard columns over the service life of
the separation column.
Guard columns are available for all Metrosep separation columns.

Water quality Aqueous media are mostly used in work involving ion chromatography.
This means that water quality is a critical factor for good chromatography.
If the water quality is inadequate, the results will be as well. In addition,
there is a risk of damaging instruments and separation columns when
using water with inadequate quality. The ultrapure water being used
should have a resistivity greater than 18.2 MΩ·cm and should be free of
particles. Therefore, Metrohm recommends filtering the water using a
0.45-µm filter and treating it with UV light. Modern ultrapure water sys-
tems for laboratory use ensure this level of water quality (Type I).

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3 Eluent production
Metrohm recommends selecting a high level of purity for chemicals for
both standard production and eluent production.

3.1 Chemicals
Recommended chem- ￭ Sodium carbonate
icals Merck order number: 1.06393.1000
￭ Sodium hydrogen carbonate,
Merck order number: 1.06329.1000
￭ Ultrapure water of type I (see ASTM D1193)
Resistance > 18 MΩ·cm (25 °C)
TOC < 10 µg/L

3.2 Production of standard eluent

To produce 2 L of the standard eluent with 5.0 mmol/L sodium carbonate
and 0.2 mmol/L sodium hydrogen carbonate, the following steps must be
carried out:

Producing 2 L of standard eluent

Required accessories ￭ Eluent bottle (6.1608.120)

￭ Bottle cap (6.1602.200) equipped with CO2 adsorber
￭ Ultrapure water
￭ Sodium carbonate
￭ Sodium hydrogen carbonate

1 Pre-rinse the eluent bottle with ultrapure water several times.

2 Fill 2 L of ultrapure water into the eluent bottle.

3 Use the eluent degasser. If no eluent degasser is available, degas the

ultrapure water for 5 to 10 minutes using a vacuum pump.
Degassing avoids problems with air bubbles in the high-pressure
pump.

4 Weigh and add 1059.9 mg of sodium carbonate and 33.6 mg of

sodium hydrogen carbonate.

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 3.2 Production of standard eluent ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

5 Rinse the column during 2 to 3 hours with the eluent.

This eluent (5.0 mmol/L of sodium carbonate and 0.2 mmol/L of sodium
hydrogen carbonate) and chemical suppression can be used to achieve
background conductivity of < 17 µS/cm. The noise is typically less than 0.2
nS/cm.

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4 Start-up

4.1 Connecting and rinsing the guard column

Guard columns protect separation columns and significantly increase their
service life. The guard columns available from Metrohm are either actual
guard columns or guard column cartridges used together with a cartridge
holder. The process of installing a guard column cartridge into the corre-
sponding holder is described in the guard column leaflet.

NOTICE

Metrohm recommends always working with guard columns. They pro-

tect the separation columns and can be replaced regularly as needed.

NOTICE

Information regarding which guard column is suitable for your separa-

tion column can be found in the Metrohm Column Program (which
is available from your Metrohm representative), the column leaflet and
the the product information at http://www.metrohm.com (Ion Chroma-
tography product area), or it can be obtained directly from your repre-
sentative.

CAUTION

New guard columns are filled with a solution and sealed with stoppers
or caps on both sides.
Before inserting the guard column, ensure that this solution can be
mixed with the eluent being used (follow the information provided by
the manufacturer).

NOTICE

Only connect the guard column after the initial start-up of the instru-
ment . Until then, replace the guard column and the separation column
with couplings (6.2744.040).

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 4.1 Connecting and rinsing the guard column ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Accessories For this step, you need the following accessories:

￭ Guard column (suitable for separation column)

Connecting the guard column

1 2 3

6.2744.040

6.2744.070
6.2744.070 6.2744.070

1 Removing the coupling

Remove the coupling (6.2744.040) installed between the column
inlet capillary and the column outlet capillary for the initial start-up.

2 Preparing the guard column

￭ Remove the stoppers or the stopper and the sealing cap from the
guard column.

3 Connecting the guard column

CAUTION

When inserting the guard column, ensure that it is inserted cor-

rectly based on the marked flow direction (if specified).

￭ Fasten the inlet of the guard column to the column inlet capillary
using a short pressure screw (6.2744.070).
￭ If the guard column is connected to the separation column using
a connection capillary, fasten this connection capillary to the
guard column outlet with a pressure screw.

Rinsing the guard column

1 Rinsing the guard column

￭ Place a beaker under the guard column's outlet.

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￭ Start manual control in MagIC Net and select the high-pressure

pump: Manual ▶ Manual control ▶ Pump
– Flow: in accordance with column leaflet
– On
￭ Rinse the guard column with eluent for approx. 5 minutes.
￭ Stop the high-pressure pump in the manual control in MagIC Net
again: Off.

4.2 Connecting the separation column

The smart separation column (iColumn) is the heart of ion chromato-
graphic analysis. It separates the different components according to their
interactions with the column. Metrohm separation columns are equipped
with a chip where their technical specifications and history (start-up, oper-
ating hours, injections etc) are stored.

NOTICE

Information regarding which separation column is suitable for your

application can be found in the Metrohm Column Program, the
product information for the separation column or it can be obtained
through your representative.
You can find product information for your separation column at http://
www.metrohm.com in the Ion Chromatography product area.

A test chromatogram accompanies every column. The column leaflet can

be found online at http://www.metrohm.com with the corresponding arti-
cle. Detailed information on special IC applications can be found in the
corresponding Application Bulletins or Application Notes. You can
find these online at http://www.metrohm.com in the Applications area or
request them from your responsible Metrohm representative free of
charge.

CAUTION

New separation columns are filled with a solution and sealed with stop-
pers on both sides. Before inserting the column, ensure that this solu-
tion can be mixed with the eluent being used (follow the information
provided by the manufacturer).

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 4.2 Connecting the separation column ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

NOTICE

Connect the separation column only after the initial start-up of the
instrument. Until that point, insert a coupling (6.2744.040) instead of
the guard column and separation column.

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Connecting the separation column

1 Removing the stoppers

￭ Remove the stoppers from the separation column.

2 Installing the inlet of the separation column

CAUTION

When inserting the column, ensure that it is inserted correctly

based on the marked flow direction.

There are 3 possibilities:

￭ Attach the column inlet directly onto the guard column or,
￭ if the guard column is connected to the separation column using
a connection capillary: Connect the column inlet to the guard col-
umn outlet capillary using a PEEK pressure screw (6.2744.070) or,
￭ if no guard column is used (not recommended): Connect the col-
umn inlet capillary to the inlet of the separation column using a
short pressure screw (6.2744.070).

3 Rinsing the separation column

￭ Place a beaker under the outlet of the separation column.
￭ Start manual control in MagIC Net and select the high-pressure
pump: Manual ▶ Manual control ▶ Pump
– Flow: Increase gradually up to the flow rate recommended
in the column leaflet.
– On
￭ Rinse the separation column with eluent for approx. 10 minutes.
￭ Stop the high-pressure pump in the manual control in MagIC Net
again: Off.

4 Removing the coupling

￭ Remove the coupling (6.2744.040) from the column outlet capil-
lary.

5 Installing the outlet of the separation column

￭ Fasten the column outlet capillary to the column outlet using a
short PEEK pressure screw (6.2744.070).

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 4.3 Conditioning ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

6 Inserting the separation column

￭ Insert the separation column with the chip into the column holder
until you hear it snap in place.
The separation column is now detected by MagIC Net.

4.3 Conditioning
In the following cases, the system must be conditioned with eluent until a
stable baseline has been reached:
￭ After installation
￭ After each time the instrument is switched on
￭ After each eluent change

NOTICE

The conditioning time can lengthen considerably if the composition of

the eluent is modified.

Conditioning the system

1 Preparing the software

CAUTION

Ensure that the configured flow rate is not higher than the flow
rate permitted for the corresponding column (refer to the column
leaflet and chip data record).

￭ Start the MagIC Net computer program.

￭ Open the Equilibration tab in MagIC Net: Work-
place ▶ Run ▶ Equilibration.
￭ Select (or create) a suitable method.
Also see: MagIC Net Tutorial and online help.

2 Preparing the instrument

￭ Ensure that the column is inserted correctly in accordance with
the flow direction marked on the sticker (arrow has to point in the
direction of flow).
￭ Ensure that the eluent aspiration tubing is immersed in the eluent
and that there is enough eluent in the eluent bottle.

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3 Starting equilibration
￭ Start the equilibration in MagIC Net: Workplace ▶ Run ▶ Equi-
libration ▶ Start HW.
￭ Visually inspect whether all capillaries and their connections from
the high-pressure pump to the detector are leak-tight. If eluent is
leaking out anywhere, tighten the corresponding pressure screw
further, or loosen the pressure screw, check the end of the capil-
lary and shorten it using the capillary cutter if necessary and
retighten the pressure screw.

4 Conditioning the system

Continue rinsing the system with eluent until the desired stability
level for the baseline has been attained .

The instrument is now ready for measuring samples.

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 5.1 Standard chromatogram ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

5 Applications

5.1 Standard chromatogram

Columns: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0
Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0
Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Chemical suppression with MSM A

Temperature: 25 °C

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Loop: 10 µL

Eluent: 5.0 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3

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Metrosep A Supp 17 - xx0/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 2
2 Chloride 2
3 Nitrite 5
4 Bromide 10
5 Nitrate 10
6 Sulfate 10
7 Phosphate 10

5.2 Effects of temperature

Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Chemical suppression with MSM A

Temperature: 10 to 70 °C

Loop: 20 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Eluent: 5.0 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3

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 5.2 Effects of temperature ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 2
2 Chloride 2
3 Nitrite 5
4 Bromide 10
5 Nitrate 10
6 Sulfate 10
7 Phosphate 10

An increase in temperature results in slightly shorter retention times of the

monovalent ions. The shorter the retention time, the less the decrease. For
nitrate, tailing decreases. Phosphate is only slightly influenced by tempera-
ture. The retention time first decreases and then stabilizes after 40 °C. The
retention time of sulfate, however, increases until a co-elution with phos-
phate takes place at 70 °C.

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￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5 Applications

5.3 Eluent flow rate variation

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0
Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Chemical suppression with MSM A

Temperature: 25 °C

Loop: 20 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min to 1.8 mL/min

Eluent: 5.0 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 2
2 Chloride 2

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 19
 5.3 Eluent flow rate variation ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0 mg/L

3 Nitrite 5
4 Bromide 10
5 Nitrate 10
6 Sulfate 10
7 Phosphate 10

The retention times of all standard ions decrease with increasing flow rate.
Fluoride approaches the injection peak.

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0

Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Chemical suppression with MSM A

Temperature: 25 °C

Loop: 20 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min to 0.9 mL/min

Eluent: 5.0 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3

20 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5 Applications

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 2
2 Chloride 2
3 Nitrite 5
4 Bromide 10
5 Nitrate 10
6 Sulfate 10
7 Phosphate 10

The retention times of all standard ions decrease with increasing flow rate.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 21
 5.4 Variation of the eluent ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

5.4 Variation of the eluent

Variation with constant Na2CO3/NaHCO3 ratio
Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Sequential suppression with MSM A and MCS

Temperature: 25 °C

Loop: 20 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Eluent: A) 2 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 2 mmol/L of NaHCO3

B) 3 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 3 mmol/L of NaHCO3
C) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 5 mmol/L of NaHCO3
D) 7 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 7 mmol/L of NaHCO3

22 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5 Applications

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 2
2 Chloride 2
3 Nitrite 5
4 Bromide 10
5 Nitrate 10
6 Phosphate 10
7 Sulfate 10

The retention time becomes shorter with increasing Na2CO3/NaHCO3 con-

centration. The retention times for the polyvalent anions phosphate and
sulfate are strongly shortened in particular. With 1 mmol/L of Na2CO3 / 1
mmol/L of NaHCO3, phosphate co-elutes with sulfate with a retention
time of 66 minutes (not shown).

NaHCO3 variation with constant Na2CO3

Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Sequential suppression with MSM A and MCS

Temperature: 25 °C

Loop: 20 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Eluent: A) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3

B) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 1 mmol/L of NaHCO3
C) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 2 mmol/L of NaHCO3
D) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 4 mmol/L of NaHCO3
E) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 6 mmol/L of NaHCO3

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 23
 5.4 Variation of the eluent ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 2
2 Chloride 2
3 Nitrite 5
4 Bromide 10
5 Nitrate 10
6 Sulfate 10
7 Phosphate 10

When the NaHCO3 concentration is increased, the retention time of the

monovalent anions and sulfate decrease only slightly. For phosphate, how-
ever, the retention time decreases heavily, until phosphate and sulfate co-
elute at 2 mmol/L of NaHCO3. After 3 mmol/L of NaHCO3, sulfate elutes
even after phosphate. The effect decreases with increasing NaHCO3 con-
centration.

Na2CO3 variation with constant NaHCO3

Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

24 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5 Applications

Suppression: Sequential suppression with MSM A and MCS

Temperature: 25 °C

Loop: 20 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Eluent: A) 1 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3

B) 3 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3
C) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3
D) 6 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 2
2 Chloride 2
3 Nitrite 5
4 Bromide 10
5 Nitrate 10
6 Sulfate 10
7 Phosphate 10

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 25
 5.4 Variation of the eluent ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

The retention times of phosphate and sulfate can be shortened dispropor-

tionately by increasing the Na2CO3 concentration.

Variation of organic modifier: Acetone

Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Chemical suppression with MSM A

Temperature: 25 °C

Loop: 20 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Eluent: A) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 0% acetone

B) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 10% acetone
C) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 20% acetone
D) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 30% acetone

26 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5 Applications

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 2
2 Chloride 2
3 Nitrite 5
4 Bromide 10
5 Nitrate 10
6 Sulfate 10
7 Phosphate 10

The backpressure increases gradually as acetone content increases. The

pressure is 9.7 MPa at 10%. The retention time of phosphate increases.
The resolution between bromide and nitrate as well as between chloride
and nitrite decreases with an increasing acetone content. An interference
peak forms at the injection peak with increasing solvent content.

Variation of organic modifier: Methanol

Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Chemical suppression with MSM

Temperature: 25 °C
At 40% modifier, increase the temperature to 50 °C; otherwise, the back-
pressure is too high.

Loop: 20 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Eluent: A) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 0% methanol

B) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 10% methanol
C) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 20% methanol
D) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 30% methanol
E) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 40% methanol

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 27
 5.4 Variation of the eluent ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 2
2 Chloride 2
3 Nitrite 5
4 Bromide 10
5 Nitrate 10
6 Sulfate 10
7 Phosphate 10

The backpressure increases gradually as methanol content increases. The

pressure is 6.9 MPa at 10%. The retention time of phosphate and sulfate
increases and the peaks merge at 40% methanol. The resolution between
bromide and nitrate as well as between chloride and nitrite decreases with
increasing methanol content. They co-elute after 40%. An interference
peak forms at the injection peak with increasing solvent content.

Variation of organic modifier: Acetonitrile

Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

28 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5 Applications

Suppression: Chemical suppression with MSM A

Temperature: 25 °C

Loop: 20 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Eluent: A) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 0% acetonitrile

B) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 10% acetonitrile
C) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 20% acetonitrile
D) 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3, 30% acetonitrile

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 2
2 Chloride 2
3 Nitrite 5
4 Bromide 10
5 Nitrate 10
6 Sulfate 10
7 Phosphate 10

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 29
 5.5 Water analysis ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

The backpressure increases with increasing acetonitrile content. The pres-

sure is 8.6 MPa at 10%. The retention time of phosphate increases. The
resolution between bromide and nitrate as well as between chloride and
nitrite decreases with an increasing acetonitrile content. An interference
peak forms at the injection peak with increasing solvent content.

5.5 Water analysis

Drinking water analysis
Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0

Sample preparation: Metrohm Inline Ultrafiltration

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Chemical suppression with MSM A

Temperature: 25 °C

Loop: 10 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Eluent: 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3

30 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5 Applications

Wastewater analysis
Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0

Sample preparation: Metrohm Inline Ultrafiltration

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Chemical suppression with MSM A

Temperature: 25 °C

Loop: 10 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Eluent: 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 31
 5.6 Organic acids ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

5.6 Organic acids

Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Chemical suppression with MSM A

Temperature: 25 °C

Loop: 10 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Eluent: 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 0.2 mmol/L of NaHCO3

32 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5 Applications

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 2
2 Chloride 2
3 Nitrite 5
4 Bromide 10
5 Nitrate 10
6 Sulfate 10
7 Phosphate 10
8 Glycolate 20
9 Lactate 20
10 Malate 20
11 Formate 20
12 Methanesulfonic acid 20
13 Tartrate 20
14 Oxalate 20
15 Acetate 20
16 Propionate 20

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 33
 5.7 Alternative eluent for standard anions ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0 mg/L

17 Succinate 20
18 Maleate 20

Glycolate shows a good separation from fluoride as well as from acetate/

formate. The separation of acetate/formate is not sufficient. Methanesul-
fonic acid elutes a bit earlier than nitrite. Propionate elutes between nitrite
and bromide. At the back, oxalate elutes nicely between sulfate and phos-
phate.

5.7 Alternative eluent for standard anions

Column: Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0

Sample preparation: -

Detection: Conductivity

Suppression: Sequential suppression with MSM A and MCS

Temperature: 30 °C

Loop: 20 µL

Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min

Eluent: 5 mmol/L of Na2CO3, 5 mmol/L of NaHCO3

3.5
fluoride

3
Conductivity [µS/cm]

chloride

2.5
nitrite

nitrate

2
bromide

sulfate
phosphate

1.5

1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time [min]

34 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5 Applications

Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0 mg/L

1 Fluoride 1
2 Chloride 1
3 Nitrite 1
4 Bromide 1
5 Nitrate 1
6 Phosphate 1
7 Sulfate 1

Combining the Metrosep A Supp 10 standard eluent with the

Metrosep A Supp 17 column reduces the chromatogram duration by shift-
ing the phosphate peak between the nitrate peak and the sulfate peak.
Under these conditions, the carbonate peak shifts to the same retention
time as chloride. Take this into account particularly when analyzing sam-
ples with a high carbonate content. For the Metrosep A Supp 17 - 100/4.0
and the Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0, the capacity of the MSM A is suf-
ficient for the entire determination. For the
Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0, use an MSM-HC A.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 35
 6.1 Regeneration ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

6 Troubleshooting

6.1 Regeneration

CAUTION

Do not regenerate the column as a preventive measure!

Each regeneration process causes stress on the separation column and
reduces its service life see "Regenerating separation columns", page 5.

Problem ￭ Backpressure increases

￭ Double peaks occur
￭ Tailing effects occur
￭ The retention times become shorter
￭ The resolution deteriorates

Correction

Regenerating the separation column

Start by replacing the guard column if the above problems occur. Only
regenerate the separation column as described below if this measure does
not help.

NOTICE

Ensure that the maximum pressure is never exceeded during regenera-

tion.
If the pressure becomes too high, reduce the flow rate.

1 Disconnecting the separation column from the IC system

Disconnect the separation column outlet from the detector inlet.

2 Regenerating the separation column

The separation column has to be regenerated differently depending
on the type of contamination:
￭ Inorganic contamination (see table 3, page 37)
￭ Organic contamination (see table 4, page 37)

36 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 6 Troubleshooting

Table 3 Inorganic contamination

Duration Flow rate 4 mm
1. Rinse with ultrapure water 20 min 0.3 mL/min
2. Rinse with 10x concentrated eluent 120 min 0.3 mL/min
3. Rinse with ultrapure water 20 min 0.3 mL/min
4. Rinse with eluent 120 min 0.3 mL/min

Table 4 Organic contamination

Duration Flow rate 4 mm
1. Rinse with 70% methanol 16 h 0.3 mL/min
2. Rinse with eluent 120 min 0.3 mL/min

6.2 Decreasing resolution / peak shapes

Problem The resolution of peaks deteriorates or peak shapes are asymmetrical.

Causes and preven- Causes Prevention/correction

tion
The separation column The separation column can be overloaded by
has been overloaded factors such as a high salt content in the sam-
ple matrix.
￭ Dilute the sample.
￭ Inject less sample.
There are dead vol- ￭ Check that all of the capillaries have a
umes in the IC system diameter of ≤ 0.25 mm (6.1831.010). If
they do not, replace those capillaries with
thinner capillaries.
￭ Check that all of the capillaries have been
installed correctly. The step-by-step instal-
lation process is shown in the IC Mainte-
nance multimedia guide.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 37
 6.3 Unstable retention times ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

6.3 Unstable retention times

Problem The retention times are unstable.

Causes and preven- Causes Prevention/correction

tion
Carbonate in the elu- Carbon dioxide from the air affects the carbo-
ent nate / hydrogen carbonate balance in the elu-
ent. The eluent becomes weaker over time.
￭ Always keep the eluent bottle and bottles
with eluent concentrates well sealed.
￭ Always use a CO2 adsorber.
Air bubbles in the elu- Air bubbles make the eluent flow rate unsta-
ent ble. Backpressure is one indicator of an unsta-
ble flow rate. Backpressure should remain
stable within ±0.1 MPa.
￭ Purge the high-pressure pump.
￭ Use the eluent degasser.

6.4 Unknown peaks

Problem The chromatogram contains wide, unknown peaks.

Causes and preven- Causes Prevention/correction

tion
Analytes eluting late Some wider, unknown peaks can be the
result of sample components eluting late. In
these cases, this is the result of the previous
injection.
￭ Extend the chromatogram duration.

38 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 6 Troubleshooting

6.5 Increasing backpressure

Problem The backpressure increases.

Causes and preven- Causes Prevention/correction

tion
Particles on the guard ￭ Replace the guard column.
column
Particles on the separa- Rinse the separation column in the direction
tion column opposite to the flow direction.
￭ Hold the column outlet in a beaker.
￭ Rinse the separation column for approxi-
mately 1 h.
￭ Install the separation column back in the
flow direction.
Particles in the sample ￭ Sample preparation, e.g. removing parti-
cles through Inline Ultrafiltration.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 39
 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

7 Literature
Metrohm recommends the following literature for more detailed informa-
tion:
￭ Application Note S-353 Drinking water analysis using the Eco IC and
the Metrosep A Supp 17 - 150/4.0
￭ Application Note S-354 Waste water analysis using the Eco IC and the
Metrosep A Supp 17 - 250/4.0
￭ Monograph: Analysis of water samples and water constituents with
Metrohm instruments, page 73ff. (8.038.5003)
￭ Column catalog, 8.000.5194

40 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Index

Index
B G R
Baseline Guard column Rinse
Condition ........................... 15 Installation ........................... 9 Guard column .................... 10
Rinse .................................. 10 Separation column ............. 13
C
Column I S
see "Separation column" .... 11 IC column Separation column
Conditioning ............................ 15 see "Separation column" .... 11 Installation ......................... 11
Installation Rinse .................................. 13
E Guard column ...................... 9 Specification ............................... 1
Eluent ......................................... 7 Separation column ............. 11 Storage ...................................... 2
Equilibration ............................. 15
O
F Order number ............................ 1
Flow rate .................................... 2

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 41