Apposition & Ellipsis - Gr6
Apposition & Ellipsis - Gr6
Apposition & Ellipsis - Gr6
ellipsis
Agenda
01 02
Apposition Ellipsis
01
Apposition
When we use two noun phrases (np) next to each other in a clause, and
they refer to the same person or thing, we call this apposition:
For example:
The living room, the biggest room in the house, looks out on to a
[NP 1] [NP 2]
beautiful garden.
The two appositives need not have the same grammatical form.
Thus, one of the appositives is a noun phrase while the other can
be a non-finite clause
For example:
Playing football on Sunday, his favorite exercise, kept him fit.
[non-finite clause] [noun phrase]
Apposition may be non-restrictive or restrictive.
Amanda my friend, is on the honor roll again. (Retrictive)
We know Amanda is on the honor roll again, even if we don't know
she's your friend.
E.g:
Peter ate a cheese sandwich and (Peter) drank a
cup of water.
Ellipsis of
subject (and auxiliaries)
Ellipsis of
subject (and auxiliaries)
Ellipsis of
auxiliaries only
Ellipsis of
auxiliaries only
Ellipsis of
or predication
Ellipsis of
or predication
Auxiliaries in
predication ellipsis
His friends already belong to the club and he will (belong to the
and modal]
club) soon. [present
Ellipsis of
direct object or subject complement
If the direct object alone is ellipted,
the realized items must be in the last clause.
E.g:
John likes Mary, and Peter hates Mary.
-> John likes, and Peter hates, Mary.
Ellipsis of
direct object or subject complement
If the subject complement alone is ellipted, and the
verb in the last clause is other than "be",
the realized items must be in the last clause.
E.g:
George was angry, and Bob certainly seemed angry.
-> George was, and Bob certainly seemed, angry.
Ellipsis of
direct object or subject complement
However, when the verb in the last clause is "be",
the realized items can be either in the first or in the
last clause.
E.g:
George seemed angry, and Bob certainly was angry.
-> George seemed, and Bob certainly was, angry.
or George seemed angry, and Bob certainly was.
Ellipsis of
adverbial
- The scope of the adverbial is extended to subsequent
clauses >> It is ellipted.
- This is particularly so when the adverbial is positioned
initially.
E.g:
Unfortunately, John is not at home, and Sally
is too busy to see you.
Ellipsis of the head of noun phrase
and of prepositional complement
E.g: