Technological University of The Philippines Ayala Boulevard, Ermita, Manila

Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Boulevard, Ermita, Manila
Advance Concrete Design

(SE 543)
Discussion of
Concrete Shear Wall
Submitted to:
Dr. Victor R. Macam Jr PhD, Engineering
Professor
March 19, 2018
REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALL
This is a further discussion about concrete shear wall presentation which we had
reported in the class. The content of my report is the introductory part which are definition of
shear wall, its behavior, failure mode when such lateral load is applied and an example of
shear wall in a structural system which was analyzed using STAAD software.
As defined, shear wall is a used to resist lateral or horizontal shear forces parallel to
the plane. This shear forces is usually caused by wind and earthquake which is an important
design consideration or criteria especially in the design of tall buildings. If such buildings are
not properly design in consideration of this shear forces, it is maybe a reason for a very high
stresses, vibrations, and sideways resulting not only for a severe damages to structure system
but also a discomfort to the occupant of the buildings.
In the analysis and design, the usual practice is to assume that the lateral forces act at
the floor levels of the building. The stiffness of the floor slabs are quite horizontally large as
compared to the stiffness of walls and columns. Thus it is assumed that its floor is displaced
in a horizontal plane as a rigid body. Mc Cormac and Nelson (2005:558).
Figure 1 illustrates a building that is subjected to lateral forces. Lateral forces are
applied to the floors and to roof slab for a roof deck design transferring the loads to the shear
walls A and B, off course some parts of the also absorbed by shear wall C and D. If the load
is coming from other direction majority of the loads will be absorbed by shear wall C and D.
Figure 1. Shear wall layout with applied lateral force
Going with behavior of shear wall, it is important to note that shear wall is an integral
part of framing system of the building ( if it is designed to have a shear walls) and the load
attracted to the system (i.e. core, frame and shear wall) is a function of their position and
relative stiffness. Rigid frame and short shear walls subject to horizontal loads mainly deform
in pure shear that is concave in the upper part while cantilever shear walls deform in a
flexural manner showing convex curvature throughout the height of the wall. If the
arrangement of shear walls is squat and couple it will deform in shear-flexure manner
exhibiting a combination of concave in the upper part and convex throughout the height.
As stated, the attracted forces to shear wall is function of their position and relative
stiffness. A symmetrical arrangement or position of the walls including the framing system
will deflect in the direction of the lateral force applied. The high in-plane stiffness of the
floors forces shear walls-frame to deform or deflect in a uniform profiles. For the non-
symmetrical arrangement of shear wall, this will causes the whole structure to rotate about its
vertical axis. Rotation about its axis is also a function of its center of mass of the whole
structure. The center of rotation will vary from floor to floor and will not increase
continuously in one direction up to the top height of the building.
Figure 2. Rigid and Flexible Structure
To design an efficient shear wall, it is important to study the possible failure mode of
the system such as cracking so that in that part of the wall you can theoretically put the
proportioned reinforcement. Figure 2 shows the three failure mode of shear wall which are
flexure failure, horizontal shear failure and vertical shear failure.
Figure 3. Failure mode of shear wall
The flexure failure of shear wall shows the yielding of reinforcement where shear
tension and cracking is develop. Horizontal failure shows the drifting of each storey level
while shear failure shows crushing along the vertical axis. This failure modes are caused by
lateral load especially earthquake so it should be remembered that the relatively stiff parts of
the structure will absorbed much larger than the flexible parts. A structure with a concrete
shear wall is going to be stiff and thus will attract most of the seismic force then it should be
design properly. If the shear walls are brittle it may able to take the shock and failure such as
flexure and vertical shear will occur. But if the shear walls are ductile by putting the proper
reinforcement, they will be very effective in resisting seismic forces.
A 6-storey building structure system designed with shear wall is also presented in the
report. It was analyzed using the STAAD software to determine the storey drift of the said
building with two different arrangement or location of shear walls. The building is
symmetrical so the main consideration here is the location of its shear wall as it will absorbed
the lateral force.
The arrangement of shear wall is shown in Figure 4. And based on the analysis the
second arrangement (Model 3), where shear walls are place on center of each sides has the
lowest storey drift.
Figure 4. Layout Plan and Model 1
Figure 5. Model 2 and Model 3
Figure 6. Graph of Storey Drift in Millimeter
References
McCormack J.C., Nelson J.K. Design of Reinforced Concrete – ACI 318-05 Code Edition
(2005) John Willey and Sons, Inc.
J. Zhou & G.B., Bu K.N. Li. Calculation Methods for Inter-Story Drifts of Building
Structures
https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/analysis-of-shear-walls/6243/
www.researchpublish.com
https://communities.bentley.com/products/ram-staad/f/ram-staad-forum/89299/checking-
storey-drift
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Technological University of The Philippines Ayala Boulevard, Ermita, Manila

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Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Boulevard, Ermita, Manila

Advance Concrete Design

March 19, 2018

REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALL

Figure 1. Shear wall layout with applied lateral force

Figure 2. Rigid and Flexible Structure

Figure 5. Model 2 and Model 3

Figure 6. Graph of Storey Drift in Millimeter

ATTACHEMENTS - POWER POINT PRESENTATION

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