The document discusses lettering including its origin, development, styles, techniques and guidelines. It covers terms used, importance of lettering, history of alphabets and styles of letters. Techniques in lettering and use of guidelines are also explained.
The document discusses lettering including its origin, development, styles, techniques and guidelines. It covers terms used, importance of lettering, history of alphabets and styles of letters. Techniques in lettering and use of guidelines are also explained.
The document discusses lettering including its origin, development, styles, techniques and guidelines. It covers terms used, importance of lettering, history of alphabets and styles of letters. Techniques in lettering and use of guidelines are also explained.
The document discusses lettering including its origin, development, styles, techniques and guidelines. It covers terms used, importance of lettering, history of alphabets and styles of letters. Techniques in lettering and use of guidelines are also explained.
Lettering II. Introduction/Rationale: This unit deals with the origin, development, styles and order of strokes of lettering which are fundamental in making specifications, titles and notes on a working drawing. It also includes the techniques in lettering. III. Module Outcomes: The students know the origin, development, styles and order of strokes of lettering. Apply appropriate techniques in lettering.. IV. Lesson Title: Lettering V. Lesson Outcomes: The students must aware of the origin, development, styles and order of strokes of lettering which are fundamental in making specifications, titles and notes on a working drawing. It also includes the techniques in lettering and apply it in their work.
VI. Lesson Contents:
Term used: Term used: 1. Lettering -an act of making letters by hand and other parts of the body. 2. Printing -an act of making letters by the used of machines. 3. Alphabet -a system of characters or letters used in writing a language. It was derived from two Greek words “alpha” means “beginning “and “beta” means “second letter.” 4. Letter -any character in the alphabet. 5. Hieroglyphics -picture writing or sacred writing. It was derived from two Greek words “hieros”meaning sacred “glyphein”meaning to carve. 6. Cuneiform writing -a form of writing whose letters have wedge-shape. It was taken from a Latin word “cuneus”which means wedge. Importance of Lettering Good lettering enhances the appearance of a drawing, while imperfect lettering will make a good drawing look sloppy and unprofessional.Lettring gives other pertinent information necessary for the construction of a machine or structure, the graphical representation of which failed to show purpose. It must be easily read and drawn freehand. Figures are similar importance as of lettering. Poor figuring can cause grave errors in the manufacture of an article and combining legibility and rapidity in the working drawing requirements will develop excellent outputs.
1 Lettering is not only useful in working but also in personal correspondence, making place cards,signs,posters,labelling books and occasion cards. A keen student in the drawing will acquire great satisfaction on its many uses. Constant correct practice makes perfect. Lettering Learning to letters requires: a. Knowledge of the shapes and proportions of the individual characters. b. Knowledge of the order of strokes and direction of strokes used in making them. c. Knowledge of the rules for combining letters into sentences; and d. Constant correct practice. History of the Alphabet and Lettering Before man knew how to write, he provided himself with a means by which he could leave behind permanent records vital to him. He had no alphabet to use then, so he made crude pictures on the walls of the cave. 1. Egyptians They developed the form of the hieroglyphics of writing. Modification in ways resulted in cursive hieroglyphics known as a hieratic and demotic script.After this, the alphabet, which eventually supplemented picture-writing, was born. The Egyptians used three forms of writing: a. hieroglyphics which was used on public and official monuments; b. hieratic-a cursive handwriting; and c. demotic script which was the flowing popular style. Both the hieratic and the demotic script were used for private and business correspondence. 2. Semites They were the real inventors of the alphabet and had no symbols for vowels. 3. Phoenicians The Phoenicians made the next steps in the development of the alphabet. They gave each sounds a fixed symbols. There were only twenty-two (22) consonant letters, though were consonant-vowel combinations. 4. Greeks They developed the first true alphabet of twenty-four (24) signs.Thier most enormous contribution was the addition of the vowels. He they pronounced names, the Greeks dropped the consonants sounds, thereby exposing the vowel sound. The letter aleph was a consonant (Hebrew) unknown to the Greeks. From the word aleph, the letter was taken. The Semitic he became E.The direction of the signs and lines in the Phoenicians were from left to right while in the Greeks writing direction, it was either left to right or right to left.
2 A was originally a rough picture of a bull’s head. This letter became a sign. Its original meaning became lost, but the sign was still in use and written. It later Became the letter A of the present alphabet. 5. Romans During the first century of the Christian era, the Romans developed an alphabet of capital letters called “Majuscules “that we still use at present. A few of the letters today like U, V, Y and W developed as late as 17th century. The old Roman did not contain the lowercase letters. In the time of Charlemagne in the 14th century A.D.,the Carolinian “minuscule “or a lowercase alphabet was invented. The Roman letters used extensively until the Gothic alphabet was introduced, Style of Letters Gothic Roman Text Script General Division of Letters Drawn Single Stroke Proportion of Letters 1. Normal 2. Compressed 3. Extended Classification of Letters a.Size a.Uppercase b.Lowercase b.Position Vertical Inclined Lowercase letters are group into four. Straight line letters Loop letters Hook letters Ellipse letters C.Thickness of Stems 1. Boldface letters 2. Lightface letters
3 D.Spacing 1. Mechanical Spacing 2. Optical Spacing Guidelines Uniformity in height, inclination spacing and strength of the line is essential for good lettering. Uniformity in height and tilt controlled by the use of guidelines and the slope lines, consistency in width by the skill full used of pencil and proper control of the pressure of its point on the paper. Guidelines are fine. Light, and curve lines to halp make the lettering straight and uniform. Guideline are essential lines for good lettering and must make light that they need not to erase. Very light horizontal lines are necessary to regulate the height of the letters. Light vertical or inclined lines are required to keep the letter uniformly vertical or inclined.
Guideline for Capital Letters
GUIDELINES Guidelines for Small Letters
guidelines Techniques in Lettering. 1. Know the proportion and shape of the letter. Have a clear space image of the letter starting to the letter. 2. Learn the order of strokes properly. 3. Know the composition of the letter, spacing of letters, words, and sentences. Legibility is a key to good lettering. 4. Select lettering pencil carefully. Have a reasonably soft pencil such as H.B.,F, or H. 5. Sharpen Pencil to a long conical point. 6. Acquire “snap” or “bearing” down at the beginning and at the end of each strokes to make them definite.
4 7. Rotate the pencil for every few strokes to keep the wear of the pencil leads symmetrical. 8. Hold the pencil properly with the forearm on the drawing board, never with the forearm off the drawing board. 9. Always letter with guidelines to make the letters straight and uniform.an excellent draftsmen never letters without guidelines. 10. Have real determination to improve. Constant correct practice makes perfect. Lettering is freehand drawing, not writing. Do not use a straight edge in lettering.
5 Remember this Letter.
6 TOM O VAXY – 6 units wide
W -more than 6 units wide the widest letter in the Alphabet
I -1 unit, the narrowest letter in the Alphabet
Letters O,Q,G,C, and D,based on the actual circle.While the lower portion of J and U are elliptical.Also number 8 is composed of two ellipses,and the 3,5 and 2 based on the O.The 0,6 and 9 are also elliptical.
All other are 5 units
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
7 Gothic Letters
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST UVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx yz Roman Letters
PDF (Ebook) New Perspectives on Chinese Syntax by Waltraud Paul ISBN 9783110338683, 9783110338775, 9783110393972, 3110338688, 3110338777, 3110393972 download
PDF (Ebook) New Perspectives on Chinese Syntax by Waltraud Paul ISBN 9783110338683, 9783110338775, 9783110393972, 3110338688, 3110338777, 3110393972 download
