F-Test Using One-Way ANOVA: Objectives

F-test Using
One-Way ANOVA
Objectives
The learner will be

able to
✓ enumerate
the
assumptions
for one-way
ANOVA;
✓ construct a
one-way The figure above summarizes some of the parametric tests used in
ANOVA testing means. In this lesson, we will focus on testing more than two population
table for a means using F-test.
given
problem;
and
✓ perform F-
test using
one-way F-test Using One-Way ANOVA
ANOVA for - extension of the independent two populations t-test
more than
two Assumptions:
populations. 1. Each sample is a random sample.
2. The k random samples are independent.
3. For each population, the response is normally distributed.
4. The k population variances are equal.
Ho: All population means are equal.

Ha: The population means are not all equal.
One-Way ANOVA Table
Source Sum of Squares df Mean Square Test Statistic

Treatment 𝑘
k–1 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟
𝑀𝑆𝑇𝑟 =
𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟 = ∑ 𝑛𝑖 (𝑥̅𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 𝑘−1 𝑀𝑆𝑇𝑟
𝐹𝑐 =
𝑖=1 𝑀𝑆𝐸
Error 𝑘
n–k 𝑆𝑆𝐸
2 𝑀𝑆𝐸 =
𝑆𝑆𝐸 = ∑(𝑛𝑖 − 1)𝑠𝑖 𝑛−𝑘
𝑖=1
where k = no. of treatment groups

n = total no. of samples
Decision Rule:
Link Reject Ho if Fc > Fa(k-1, n-k). Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
ANOVA in Excel Example:
Three drugs are compared based on the number of days to cure a disease.
Nineteen patients are randomly assigned to one of the three drugs. Test if the
three drugs have the same effect at 5% level of significance.
Drug 1 Drug 2 Drug 3

7.3 7.1 5.8
8.2 10.6 6.5
10.1 11.2 8.8
6.0 9.0 4.9
9.5 8.5 7.9
10.9 8.5
7.8 5.2
Step 1: State the null and alternative hypotheses.
Ho: The three drugs have the same effect.

Ha: At least one drug has a different effect.
Step 2. Calculate necessary variables.
n1 = 5 𝑥̅1 = 8.2 s1 = 1.65

n2 = 7 𝑥̅2 = 9.3 s2 = 1.62
n3 = 7 𝑥̅3 = 6.8 s3 = 1.6
n = 19 𝑥̅ = 8.09 k=3
Step 3: Complete the ANOVA table.

Treatment 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟 k–1 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟
𝑀𝑆𝑇𝑟 =
𝑘
=3–1 𝑘−1 𝑀𝑆𝑇𝑟
2 21.96 𝐹𝑐 =
= ∑ 𝑛𝑖 (𝑥̅𝑖 − 𝑥̅ ) =2 = 𝑀𝑆𝐸
𝑖=1 2 10.98
= 5(8.2 − 8.09)2 = 10.98 =
2.62
+ 7(9.3 − 8.09)2 = 4.19
+ 7(6.8 − 8.09)2
= 21.96
Error 𝑘
n–k 𝑆𝑆𝐸
𝑀𝑆𝐸 =
𝑆𝑆𝐸 = ∑(𝑛𝑖 − 1)𝑠𝑖 2 = 19 – 3 𝑛−𝑘
𝑖=1 = 16 42.00
=
= (5 − 1)1.652 16
+(7 − 1)1.622 = 2.62
+ (7 − 1)1.62 = 42.00
Step 4: Find the critical value from the F-table.
Fa(k-1, n-k) = F.05(2,16) = 3.63
Step 5: Make a decision.

Since 4.19 > 3.63, we reject Ho.
Step 6: Conclude.
We are 95% confident that at least one drug has a different effect.
Read and answer the problem carefully.
Caffeine is a common drug that affects the central nervous system. Among
the issues involved with caffeine is, does the presence of caffeine alter the
ability of similar compounds to move across the blood-brain barrier? In this
experiment, 43 lab rats were randomly assigned to one of eight treatments.
Each treatment consisted of an arterial injection of C14-labeled adenine
together with a concentration of caffeine (0 to 50 mM). Shortly after injection,
the concentration of labeled adenine in the rat brains is measured as the
response. Use alpha = 5%.
Caffeine (mM) Adenine

0 5.74 6.90 3.86 6.94 6.49 1.87
0.1 2.91 4.14 6.29 4.40 3.77
0.5 5.80 5.84 3.18 3.18
1 3.49 2.16 7.36 1.98 5.51
5 5.92 3.66 4.62 3.47 1.33
10 3.05 1.94 1.23 3.45 1.61 4.32
25 1.27 0.69 0.85 0.71 1.04 0.84
50 0.93 1.47 1.27 1.13 1.25 0.55
Essential Key Concepts
• F-test Using One-Way ANOVA is the extension of the independent two

populations t-test.
• In F-test using one-way ANOVA,
Ho: All population means are equal.
Ha: The population means are not all equal.
• One-Way ANOVA Table
Treatment 𝑘
k–1 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟
2 𝑀𝑆𝑇𝑟 = 𝑀𝑆𝑇𝑟
𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟 = ∑ 𝑛𝑖 (𝑥̅𝑖 − 𝑥̅ ) 𝑘−1
𝐹𝑐 =
𝑖=1 𝑀𝑆𝐸
Error 𝑘
n–k 𝑆𝑆𝐸
𝑀𝑆𝐸 =
𝑆𝑆𝐸 = ∑(𝑛𝑖 − 1)𝑠𝑖 2 𝑛−𝑘
𝑖=1
Decision Rule:
Reject Ho if Fc > Fa(k-1, n-k). Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Integration by Reflecting on the Lasallian Guiding Principles
Write your reflection regarding your learning experiences in this lesson. Use the
following questions as guide.
1. What is the most important lesson you learned from this topic?
2. How could the applications of this topic impact you as a person?
3. Do you think this topic helped you become a more critical and creative
thinker?
Answer the self-assessment survey at:

https://tinyurl.com/stemmathselfassessment
References
Arao, Rosalia R., et. al. (2010). Statistics. Quezon City: REX Printing Company, Inc.
Larson, Ron & Farber, Betsy. (2012). Elementary Statistics. Boston: Prentice Hall.
Narag, Edlyn R. (2010). Basic Statistics with Calculator and Computer Application. Quezon City: REX
Printing Company, Inc.
Zorilla, Roland S., et. al. (2014). Fundamentals of Statistics. Metro Manila: Grandbooks Publishing Inc.

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F-test Using

The learner will be

Ho: All population means are equal.

Source Sum of Squares df Mean Square Test Statistic

where k = no. of treatment groups

ANOVA in Excel Example:

Drug 1 Drug 2 Drug 3

Step 1: State the null and alternative hypotheses.

Ho: The three drugs have the same effect.

n1 = 5 𝑥̅1 = 8.2 s1 = 1.65

Step 3: Complete the ANOVA table.

Source Sum of Squares df Mean Square Test Statistic

Step 4: Find the critical value from the F-table.

Fa(k-1, n-k) = F.05(2,16) = 3.63

Step 5: Make a decision.

Caffeine (mM) Adenine

Essential Key Concepts

• F-test Using One-Way ANOVA is the extension of the independent two

Answer the self-assessment survey at:

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