12

Disaster
Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Effects of Disaster

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Effects of Disaster
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Emerina Clarisse R. Bernante, Louise A. Ferrer, Mark Anthony C. Mamon,
Cheryl A. Retio
Editor: Ma. Lanie A. Socorro, Ed.D.
Reviewers: Raquel M. Austero, Ph.D.
Illustrator: Mark Anthony C. Mamon
Layout Artist: Louise A. Ferrer
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Director IV
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS In-Charge of LRMS
Micah S. Pacheco, Regional ADM Coordinator
Violeta M. Gonzales, CID Chief
Jennifer L. Tubello, Division EPS In-Charge of LRMS &
Division ADM Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – National Capital Region

Office Address: Misamis St., Bago Bantay, Quezon City

____________________________________________
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Telefax: 02-929-0153
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Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

 12

Disaster
Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Effects of Disaster

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
[email protected].

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

This module adheres to the learning competencies of the K-12 Curriculum. This module
helps the learners understand the effects of disaster based on the principles and
guidelines of disaster risk reduction and management. This module is a useful learning
material that provides the learning objectives, pretest, lesson proper, enrichment
activities, generalization, application, assessment and additional activities

For the learner:

This module is created to give meaningful learning on the effects of disaster through
clear and comprehensive discussions about the concepts and through engaging and
relevant activities. This module also allows the learners to reflect and apply disaster
risk reduction and management in everyday life

1
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand the Effects of Disaster. This module provides discussions and activities
that will help you learn the concepts, ideas, and relevant information about the
lesson. This module emphasizes the guidelines, and importance of disaster
readiness, risk reduction, and management.

The module is all about the Effects of Disaster.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe the effects of disasters on one’s life.

2. Analyze disaster from the different perspectives (physical, psychological,
socio-cultural, economic, political, and biological).

2
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

I. Analyze the texts from news/website articles, and identify the

perspective being told on each text.

1. “As the coronavirus pandemic rapidly sweeps across the world, it is inducing a
considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large and
among certain groups in particular, such as older adults, care providers and
people with underlying health conditions.”[1]
A. Psychological C. Socio-Cultural
B. Political D. Economic

2. “The Philippine Stock Exchange index (PSEi) on Wednesday plunged to its

lowest in more than a year, mirroring the global market’s decline amid fears of
the coronavirus disease 2019’s impact on the world economy.” [2]
A. Psychological C. Socio-Cultural
B. Political D. Economic

3. “The government has taken quick and decisive action in the fight against the
COVID-19 pandemic and the World Bank is proud to support its efforts. Right
now, no other investment offers greater return.” [3]
A. Psychological C. Socio-Cultural
B. Political D. Economic

4. “Washington, D.C. April 22, 2020 – The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) and the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA)
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) today announced the first
confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) infection in
two pet cats. These are the first pets in the United States to test positive for
SARS-CoV-2.” [4]
A. Biological C. Economic
B. Physical D. Political

5. “People walk past the damaged San Pedro Church in Loboc, Bohol after a
magnitude-7.2 earthquake struck the Visayas region early Tuesday morning,
October 15. At least 20 people were reported killed when the earthquake
destroyed buildings in and around one of the Philippines' major tourist hubs.” [5]
A. Biological C. Economic
B. Physical D. Political

3
II. Identify the effect of disaster on each of the events.

6. After the 1990 earthquake in Baguio, the Famous Hyatt hotel was found in
ruins.
A. Displaced population C. Infrastructure damages
B. Economic Loss D. Health risks

7. In 1991, Mt. Pinatubo released a hazardous thick cloud of volcanic materials

that ranges from big to microscopic particles that are dangerous when inhaled.
A. Displaced population C. Infrastructure damages
B. Economic Loss D. Health risks

8. The victims of Bagyong Yolanda had no choice but to abandon their homes after
their homes were swept.
A. Displaced population C. Infrastructure damages
B. Economic loss D. Health risks

9. Bagyong Ambo made it harder to reach out to flood prone areas to give out relief
goods.
A. Food scarcity C. Infrastructure damages
B. Economic loss D. Deaths

10. During the quarantine, many business establishments were forced to close.
A. Food scarcity C. Infrastructure damages
B. Economic loss D. Deaths

4
 Lesson
Effects of Disaster
2
There will always be disasters going to happen. You hear news reports about
typhoons, flash floods, storm surges, landslides, terrorism, kidnappings, and now
the current pandemic. You might feel scared, shocked, anxious, angry, disappointed,
or even defeated when you hear these terrible news. It is normal to feel these
emotions as we cannot predict what might happen in future, but that does not mean
that we will let these calamities occur without us being prepared. With this second
module, you will be given the understanding about disasters and how these affect
one’s life.

What’s In

What do you feel about this present pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2? How
do you cope with what you feel?

Notes to the Teacher

Use the latest and current events of disasters that happened in the
Philippines as examples to make the students updated and
informed. Let the learners be aware on what is happening in their
communities.

5
 What’s New

Activity 1. The Aftermath

Analyze the picture shown below, and answer the questions given.

Figure 1
Source: https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/05/20/oparr-official-explains-where-yolanda-funds-went/

Answer the following questions:

1. What disaster could have happened in the picture shown above? Explain your
answer.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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 2. How could this disaster affect the different aspects of the lives of people
physically, socially, economically and psychologically?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

What is It

The Effects of Disasters

Figure 2. Wildfire in Malibu, California

Source: https://www.thebalance.com/cost-of-natural-disasters-3306214

Figure 2 shows a ravaging wildfire that burnt down a hillside near a

community in Malibu, California. By seeing this picture, you can see how
devastating this wildfire is. Most likely, it affected the vegetation in the hillside and
the lives and properties of the community residing at the base of the hill. Like any
other disasters, it has dangerous or negative effects to the people.

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 The following are the effects of the disasters to the community:
1. Deaths or mortalities, injuries, and missing persons.
2. Displaced population – many people are forced to abandon their homes and
seek new shelters in other places.
3. Health risks – include infectious diseases or outbreaks, contaminated and
unsafe food and water.
4. Food scarcity and water shortage.
5. Emotional aftershocks such as post-traumatic stress disorder developed
commonly among children.
6. Economic loss – loss of livelihood.
7. Infrastructure and property damages – houses, buildings, bridges and roads
are destroyed.

Disasters from Different Perspectives

1. Physical Perspective – damages to physical elements such as on people and
their properties, and buildings and other infrastructures.

2. Psychological Perspective – serious mental and emotional consequences of

a disaster to a victim.

3. Socio-Cultural Perspective - this refers to the behavior of communities and

societies towards hazards and disasters. This can influence readiness of the
people to adapt, implement, and change disaster precautionary
measures/interventions.

4. Economic Perspective – refers to the loss caused by disasters on human,

physical and financial capital, or the impact of disasters on economic growth.

5. Political Perspective – the role of government and its institutions on disaster

preparedness, mitigation, prevention, response, recovery and rehabilitation.

6. Biological Perspective – involvement of living organisms that can spread

diseases, or the sudden growth in the population of pests.

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 What’s More

Activity 2. Disasters around Us

Answer this activity in a separate sheet. Fill in Table 1 by writing down what
probable disaster could occur and its effects.

Table 1. Effects of Disaster

Location/Place Possible Natural Possible Man- Effects of the

Disasters that Made Disasters Disasters
can Happen that can Happen
1. Urban City

2. Mountainous
Area

3. Building

4. Coastal Area

5. Bridge

6. Riverside

7. Residential
Area

8. Farms/
Agricultural
Lands
9. Reclaimed
Area

10. Island

Answer the following questions:

1. What are the common natural and man-made disasters that occur on the
places listed on the table?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 2. What are the factors that made these places or locations prone to such natural
and man-made disasters?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. How can the people living in or near the community increase their capacity or
improve their resilience toward disasters?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3. Match the Effects

Matching type. In a separate sheet, match column A with column B. Write only the
letter of the correct answer.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Infrastructure and A. Traumatic stress disorder developed commonly

property damages among children.
2. Health risks B. Houses, buildings, bridges and roads are
destroyed.
3. Emotional C. Damages to people and their properties,
aftershocks buildings and other infrastructures.
4. Economic loss D. Serious mental and emotional consequences of a
disaster to a victim.
5. Physical E. Include infectious diseases or outbreaks,
perspective contaminated and unsafe food and water.
6. Socio-Cultural F. This refers to the behavior of communities and
perspective societies towards hazards and disasters. This
can influence readiness of the people to adapt,

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 implement, and change disaster precautionary
measures/interventions
7. Psychological G. Involvement of living organisms that can spread
perspective diseases, or the sudden growth in the population
of pests.
8. Economic H. Refers to the loss caused by disasters on human,
perspective physical and financial capital, or the impact of
disasters on economic growth.
9. Biological I. Loss of livelihood
perspective
10. Political J. The role of government and its institutions on
perspective disaster preparedness, mitigation, prevention,
response, recovery and rehabilitation

Activity 4. The First Typhoon

Read the article given on this activity then answer the questions on a separate sheet.

Over 70,000 people evacuated due to Ambo; measures vs.

COVID-19 observed —NDRRMC
Published May 17, 2020 11:48am

More than 70,000 people evacuated from their homes due to the threat of
Ambo, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
said on Sunday.
NDRRMC spokesperson Mark Timbal said in an interview on Dobol B sa
News TV that the measures in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
threat were observed during evacuation.
“Ito po ‘yung mga inalis mula sa landslide, flood, at tsaka storm surge-prone
areas,” Timbal said.
According to Timbal, most of the evacuees wore face masks while government
personnel who assisted them were clad in personal protective equipment (PPE).
Timbal said local government units (LGUs) did not use as evacuation centers
the facilities utilized for the isolation of COVID-19 cases.
He added that the number of families that were allowed to stay inside a room
in evacuation centers were limited to two to three only.
“Kung basta magkasya ang ilang pamilya sa isang kuwarto sa evacuation
center, puwede. Pero ngayon po, hindi na po puwede ‘yan,” he said.
“Ang ginawa po ng ating LGUs, dinala po nila sa evacuation centers na hindi
po ginamit for COVID-19 isolation ang mga kababayan natin,” he added.
The NDRRMC is still consolidating information on the damage and effects due
to Ambo from different regions.
So far, NDRRMC received information that 40,980 people were affected by
Ambo in six provinces of CALABARZON and Eastern Visayas where Ambo
traversed, Timbal said.

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 Damage to agriculture is estimated to reach almost P80 million in
CALABARZON, Eastern Visayas, Bicol, and Cordillera.
Ambo became a typhoon but has since weakened into a tropical depression.
As of 11 a.m. on Sunday, Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal No. 1 remains hoisted
over Batanes as Ambo accelerates moving north.
Ambo is expected to become a low pressure area in 12-24 hours.
—KG, GMA News
Source: https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/738549/over-70-000-people-evacuated-due-to-ambo-
measures-vs-covid-19-observed-ndrrmc/story/

1. What is the effect of the typhoon to the current pandemic situation?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. What do you think will happen if they were not evacuated?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. What perspective were used to explain the situation?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Activity 5. Thinking about Disasters

Think about disasters, and complete the phrases given below.

1. I’m thinking about __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________.

2. I’m wondering ______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________.

3. I’m noticing _________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________.

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 4. It reminds me of ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.

5. I’m feeling __________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________.

6. I just learned _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________.

What I Have Learned

1. Disasters can be natural, such as earthquake, typhoon, and flood, or man-

made such as hazardous material and chemical threat.
2. Disasters have many negative effects such as deaths and injuries, displaced
population, health risks, food scarcity and water shortage, emotional
aftershocks, economic loss, and damages to physical structures.
3. Disasters can be analyzed in different perspectives, which are physical,
psychological, socio-cultural, economic, political, and biological.

What I Can Do

Every year, disasters become more common and more powerful, thus
increasing the damages they costs. It is better to be prepared than to lose everything
in one event. We need to adapt to this rapidly changing disaster. As a student, how
can you prepare for these untoward incidents?

13
 Assessment

Multiple choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

I. Analyze the texts from news/website articles, and identify the

perspective being told on each text.

1. “As the coronavirus pandemic rapidly sweeps across the world, it is inducing a
considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large and
among certain groups in particular, such as older adults, care providers and
people with underlying health conditions.” [1]
A. Psychological C. Socio-Cultural
B. Political D. Economic

2. “The Philippine Stock Exchange index (PSEi) on Wednesday plunged to its

lowest in more than a year, mirroring the global market’s decline amid fears of
the coronavirus disease 2019’s impact on the world economy.” [2]
A. Psychological C. Socio-Cultural
B. Political D. Economic

3. “Washington, D.C. April 22, 2020 – The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) and the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA)
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) today announced the first
confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) infection in
two pet cats. These are the first pets in the United States to test positive for
SARS-CoV-2.” [4]
A. Biological C. Economic
B. Physical D. Political

4. “The government has taken quick and decisive action in the fight against the
COVID-19 pandemic and the World Bank is proud to support its efforts. Right
now, no other investment offers greater return.” [3]
A. Psychological C. Socio-Cultural
B. Political D. Economic

14
 5. “People walk past the damaged San Pedro Church in Loboc, Bohol after a
magnitude-7.2 earthquake struck the Visayas region early Tuesday morning,
October 15. At least 20 people were reported killed when the earthquake
destroyed buildings in and around one of the Philippines' major tourist
hubs.”[5]
A. Biological C. Economic
B. Physical D. Political

II. Identify the effect of disaster on each of the events

6. The victims of Bagyong Yolanda had no choice but to abandon their homes after
their homes were swept.
A. Displaced population C. Infrastructure damages
B. Economic Loss D. Health risks

7. After the 1990 earthquake in Baguio, the Famous Hyatt hotel was found in
ruins.
A. Displaced population C. Infrastructure damages
B. Economic loss D. Health risks

8. In 1991, Mt. Pinatubo released a hazardous thick cloud of volcanic materials

that ranges from big to microscopic particles that are dangerous when inhaled.
A. Displaced population C. Infrastructure damages
B. Economic loss D. Health risks

9. During the quarantine, many business establishments were forced to close.

A. Food scarcity C. Infrastructure damages
B. Economic loss D. Deaths

10. Bagyong Ambo made it harder to reach out to flood prone areas to give out relief
goods were food is found to be scarce due to quarantine.
A. Food scarcity C. Infrastructure damages
B. Economic loss D. Deaths

Additional Activities

Watch this YouTube video with the link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCQS-I22SmA&t=4s for more additional
information.

15
References

Commission on Higher Education. 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High School:
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction.

Department of Education. 2008. Disaster Risk Reduction Resource Manual (Safer

Schools Resource Manual. Retrieved from http://psba.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2018/07/Disaster-Risk-Reduction-Resource-Manual-
2008.pdf
Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources. 2017. Disaster Readiness
and Risk Reduction - Reader. Pasig City.
Parena Jr., J.S., & Ramos, J.D.A. 2016. Exploring Life through Science Series:
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc.
Quebral, V.S. 2016. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Cubao, Quezon City:
Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
Tarbuck, E.J., & Lutgens, F.K. 2004. Earth Science (10 th ed.) New Jersey: Pearson
Education, Inc.

Websites:

 https://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology
 https://www.childfund.org/Content/NewsDetail/2147489272/
 https://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/introduction.htm
 https://gobgr.org/what-causes-a-disaster/
 https://www.preventionweb.net/risk

[1] http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-
covid-19/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-technical-guidance-OLD/coronavirus-
disease-covid-19-outbreak-technical-guidance-europe-OLD/mental-health-and-
covid-19

[2] https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/727463/psei-bleeds-
to-6-900-amid-covid-19-fears/story/
[3] https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/736072/philippines-
world-bank-sign-100-m-loan-deal-for-covid-19-emergency-response-project/story/

[4] https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/s0422-covid-19-cats-NYC.html
[5] https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/photo/46585/magnitude-7-2-
quake-destroys-heritage-san-pedro-church-in-loboc-bohol/photo/

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – (Bureau/Office)

(Office Address)

Telefax:

Email Address:

17