ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G.

BERNARDINO
MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Relationship between Long Exposure to Digital Gadgets

and Increase Risk of Eye Damage

to the Grade 12 STEM Students of AFGBMTS

Submitted by:

So, Jhon Edrick C.

Riparip, Jener Rio

Santos, James Mark

Bulanan, Romy C.

Morta, Harry John

Lastimoso, Michelle D.

Perez, Rojelyn Sarah SF.

Sales, Jean Venice R.

Laynes, GeorgeMichael

Gabriel B. Ignacio

Submitted to:

Paulo C. Camua

Practical Research 2 – Quantitative Research

November 20, 2021

CHAPTER I

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MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

The Problem and Its Background

I. Introduction

In our generation, mobile phones are commonly used in every

aspect of our daily lives. We practically spent our time in front of a

mobile phone to communicate, work, and engage in an online class.

Now that we are facing the current situation, which is the COVID-19

pandemic, it is a hindrance for us to learn new things in a physical

classroom because we are not allowed to go outside and have physical

contact with other people.

Our government came up with the idea of online classes, which is

a new learning system. This provides us with online services based on

the students' modules with the help of their teachers. Students can use

any gadget that will help them access the online learning platform and

learn from their module. However, prolonged exposure to gadgets like

mobile phones may lead to severe problems that can burden their

school activities. The said device often used by the students to attend

and accomplish tasks in an online class is affiliated to some problems

that affect students' vision. Blurry vision is one of the symptoms of

people who have prolonged exposure to the device's screen,

Gowrisankaran, Sowjanya, & Sheedy, James E. (2015).

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MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

According to research Vijayalakshmi & Nirmala Devi (2020),

prolonged exposure to Radiofrequency can cause lack of sleep, strain in

the eyes, irritability caused during phone calls, migraine, eye strain,

restlessness, headache, continuous watching and skipping of meals,

hearing problem and sometimes road accident because of the use of

phones while driving, etc. Various researchers address the common

problem of prolonged exposure to itinerants that will increase the

danger of eye damage of the students.

Over the years, the mobile phone has become a vital tool for

communication, school, and work. Despite these advantages, the

negative impact of mobile phones is increasing day by day as the

number of users has increased and the time of use of mobile phones

has also risen. The exposure of the radiation frequency from mobile

phones can be harmful to students, especially to those below 20 years

old. Based on another research study, overuse of mobile phones can

affect our physical health. Excessive screen time is related to poor sleep

and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases like high pressure, low HDL

cholesterol, poor stress regulation, obesity, and Insulin. Also,

Depressive symptoms and suicide are associated with screening time

induced poor sleep, digital device night use, and mobile dependency

(Gadi Lissak, 2018).

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MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

These are the questions that are needed to address; What are the

possible long-term and short-term damage to the Grade 12 student's

eyes can exposure to electronic gadgets perpetrate? How much time is

the average Grade 12 student spent using electronic devices? How do

electronic devices vary in terms of effects on human eyes? How can the

difference in age and sex prolong or shorten the student's screen time?

What will be the effects of prolonged exposure to the electronic gadget

of Grade 12 students affect their academic performance and lifestyle?

This research focuses on the prolonged exposure to digital gadgets

and increased risk of eye damage to the Grade 12 STEM students of

AFGBMTS. This research aims to determine how extended exposure to

mobile phones can affect the vision of the mentioned students. Also, it

determines how much time the students spend using a mobile phone

every day. The research aims to determine the number of students who

suffered eye damage from using a mobile phone. Lastly, to determine

how much the risk of eye damage may increase in 12th grade STEM

students.

This study will distribute the effects and outcomes of having vision

problems. This research goal is to expand and set an appropriate way of

learning. Researchers will also discuss the student's current situation

and the factors involved in how their vision is affected.

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MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

This generation spends much time on their phones. This statement

demonstrates that eye health is the last thing on the minds of

AFGBMTS Grade 12 STEM strand students because their goal is to

thrive in academics and other users of mobile phones. On the other

hand, their eyesight should be their primary concern to avoid vision

problems that could interfere with their academic and social studies.

Although students are aware of the dangers to their vision, some do not

take the essential precautions to protect their vision. Students use their

devices in various ways, depending on their vision and how they use

them. As a result, some students' vision reacts more negatively than

others. Even though they all spend much time on their devices,

students with poor vision are the ones who are most harmed by online

classes, watching online videos, and playing online games. According to

the researchers, this study will produce data that will be valuable to the

target community of people.

II. Background of the Study

In today’s generation, technology has affected and changed the way

people live their lives. Technology has made people’s lives easier and

well developed. There is a difficulty for anyone who has not been

changed by the advances in technology and computers of today’s

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society. In today’s society, transportation, communication, and

education have been greatly advanced from new technological

advancements. Many people have less stress in their lives because

there is a new way of doing things with advanced technologies and

doing things quicker and easier. Some of these useful technologies are

cell phones, computers, and the Internet. Technology also has negative

effects on each people's health, and his/her immediate friends and

family members. It affects the individuals’ health, family, social,

financial, and academic life. Using gadgets all the time will negatively

affect the mind of an individual. The particular person can lose their

focus as he/she only concentrates on using devices or technology.

He/she tends to forget other aspects of life that are important, a person

can't focus on their daily task/s due to the use of technology. The use

of technology in schools has brought up a new way of effective learning.

Technology plays a great role in developing each individual's future and

professional career, it has become a major part of today's world, it has

advanced and become more useful to learning. The researchers want to

know the impact of gadgets on Grade 12 STEM Students’ learning. It's

along with the rationale that this study will be conducted.

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III. Conceptual Framework

The Independent Variable is Long Exposure to Gadgets. The dependent

variable is an Increase In the risk of Eye Damage in Students. The

Intervening Variables are Age, Sex, and Various Types of Gadgets.

Prolonged exposure to Gadgets as an independent variable refers to

how long AFGBMTS grade 12 STEM students expose their eyes to their

Gadgets, which impacts their higher risk of eye damage due to intervening

variables such as intervening variables their age, sex, and various types of

Gadgets.

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IV. Theoretical Framework

This study is founded on the theory of the health hazard of

electronic devices for kids’ eye health by Dr. Sudipto Pakrasi, 2019

where digital devices emit a high level of blue light, and exposure to this

can lead to eye-related diseases like Digital Eye Strain in the long run.

Excessive exposure to blue light from digital devices can not only harm

your child's developing vision but can also pose multiple health risks in

the long run. In our age, the use of digital devices is increasing

depending on technological development. Prolonged near work,

increased cognitive load, using computer/screen can affect the eye

fatigue complaints (Agarwal, Goel & Sharma, 2013). At the same time,

online education has replaced the face-to-face learning system. In this

process, students were left alone for long hours in front of a device.

While this situation shapes their social relations and behavior patterns,

it affects their eye health. It has been stated that as the duration of

daily internet use increases, asthenopic complaints also increase

significantly, according to Kaya, 2019. In a study done by Xu, Deng,

Wang Xiong, and Xu, 2019, workload, time spent on a computer per

day, sexuality, and time spent on handheld digital devices were found

factors related to eye fatigue/asthenopia.

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MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

V. Statement of the Problem

This study seeks to find answers between the relation of prolonged

exposure of eyes to the electronic gadgets to the Grade 12 STEM students of

AFGBMTS; specifically, the study aims to provide answers to the following

questions:

I. What are the possible long-term and short-term damage to the

Grade 12 student's eyes can exposure to electronic gadgets

perpetrate?

II. How much time is the average Grade 12 student spent using

electronic devices?

III. How do electronic devices vary in terms of effects on human eyes?

IV. How does the difference in age and sex can prolong or shorten the

screen time of the student?

V. What will be the effects of prolonged exposure to the electronic

gadget of Grade 12 students affect their academic performance and

lifestyle?

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V. HYPOTHESIS

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

● There is a relationship between long exposure to mobile phones and the

Risk of eye damage to the Grade 12-STEM students of AFGBMTS

● There is possible damage to the Grade 12 student's eye exposure to

electronic gadgets.

● Electronic devices affect the human eye.

● There is an effect of prolonged exposure to the Grade 12 students to

academic performances.

NULL HYPOTHESIS:

● There is no difference in age and sex that can prolong the screen time

of the student.

COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS:

● Online classes and personal time of student helps to prolong the use of

electronic gadgets that leads to eye damage.

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MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

VI. Significance of the Study

This study aims to know about the "Relationship between Long

Exposure to Digital Gadgets and Increase Risk of Eye Damage to the Grade

12 STEM Students of AFGBMTS". Also, this study will state the correlational

Information from students about the effects of the prolonged exposure of

digital gadgets in the times of Online-Class.

The results of this study will help gather information regarding the

relationship of the variables: Long Exposure to Digital Gadgets and Risk of

Eye Damage to the students of Grade 12 STEM Students of Assemblywoman

Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School. This study is deemed

beneficial to the following groups:

Students. This research study will benefit the selected students since they

are the subject of this research, and also, this will help them to know the

impact of the use of digital gadgets and the long exposure while in online

classes on the aspect of their vision.

Teachers. This research study will benefit teachers to know the implications

of online classes for students' vision, and the outcome of the research study

may serve as an eye-opener to create a more convenient way of learning.

Parents. This research study will benefit parents who are directly concerned

with their children's vision and consider their school performance.

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MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Future researcher. The result of this research study can serve as reference

data for understanding the study related to this research study.

Mobile and Digital Companies. The Information presented in this study will

help the Mobile and Digital manufacturers create the future of digital gadgets

related to the study's outcome.

VII. Scope and Delimitations

The researcher wants to study the impact of gadgets on the risk of eye

damage of STEM Students in AFGBMTS. The target participants are only the

12th Grade STEM Students—the reason is that only Grade 12 STEM

Students are due to a lack of resources and time. To facilitate our information

gathering, we also used our school, AFGBMTS.

This study identifies the relationship between long exposures to digital

devices and an increased risk of eye damage. Answers are limited to students

enrolled in the STEM Strand in the academic year 2021 - 2022. This study

does not cover different areas of the topic, does not consider other school

levels' experiences, and only targets selected students. Research focuses only

on the primary purpose.

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VIII. Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms

To provide broad information to the unknown or unfamiliar terminologies

used, the following is defined to provide knowledge, reference, and
clarification to the readers.

Blurry Vision

The possible effect of prolonged exposure of eyes to a device's screen.

Eye Strain

fatigue of the eyes, such as that caused by reading or looking at a computer

screen for too long

Electromagnetic radiation

electromagnetic waves are created due to periodic changes of electric or

magnetic fields. Depending on how this periodic change occurs and the power
generated, different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum are
produced

Hdl Cholesterol

HDL (high-density lipoprotein), or “good” cholesterol, absorbs cholesterol and

carries it back to the liver. The liver then flushes it from the body. High levels
of HDL cholesterol can lower your risk for heart disease and stroke and also
people who have low HDL cholesterol will have a greater risk of developing
heart disease than people with high HDL levels

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Itinerants

a person who travels from place to place.

Insulin Resistance

Insulin resistance is when cells in your muscles, fat, and liver don’t respond
well to insulin and can’t use glucose from your blood for energy. To make up
for it, your pancreas makes more insulin. Over time, your blood sugar levels
go up.

New learning system

a modality used in the new normal type of learning consists of online

classes/meetings and activities.

Radiofrequency

(RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or a

magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the
frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz

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