C Language Interview Questions With Answers
C Language Interview Questions With Answers
C Language Interview Questions With Answers
Ans: The Datatypes in C Language are broadly classified into 4 categories. They are as follows:
• Basic Datatypes
• Derived Datatypes
• Enumerated Datatypes
• Void Datatypes
Ans: A Pointer in C Programming is used to point the memory location of an existing variable. In case if that
particular variable is deleted and the Pointer is still pointing to the same memory location, then that particular
pointer variable is called as a Dangling Pointer Variable.
Q3. What do you mean by the Scope of the variable? What is the scope of the variables in C?
Ans: Scope of the variable can be defined as the part of the code area where the variables declared in the program
can be accessed directly. In C, all identifiers are lexically (or statically) scoped.
Ans: The variables and functions that are declared using the keyword Static are considered as Static Variable and
Static Functions. The variables declared using Static keyword will have their scope restricted to the function in
which they are declared.
Q5. Differentiate between calloc() and malloc()
Ans: calloc() and malloc() are memory dynamic memory allocating functions. The only difference between them
is that calloc() will load all the assigned memory locations with value 0 but malloc() will not.
Q6. What are the valid places where the programmer can apply Break Control Statement?
Ans: Break Control statement is valid to be used inside a loop and Switch control statements.
Ans: To store a negative integer, we need to follow the following steps. Calculate the two’s complement of the
same positive integer.
Ans: The Parameters which are sent from main function to the subdivided function are called as Actual
Parameters and the parameters which are declared a the Subdivided function end are called as Formal
Parameters.
Ans: The program will be compiled but will not be executed. To execute any C program, main() is required.
Ans: When a data member of one structure is referred by the data member of another function, then the structure
is called a Nested Structure.
Ans: A Preprocessor Directive is considered as a built-in predefined function or macro that acts as a directive to
the compiler and it gets executed before the actual C Program is executed.
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Ans: C introduced many core concepts and data structures like arrays, lists, functions, strings, etc. Many
languages designed after C are designed on the basis of C Language. Hence, it is considered as the mother of all
languages.
Ans:
Ans: printf() is used to print the values on the screen. To print certain values, and on the other hand, scanf() is
used to scan the values. We need an appropriate datatype format specifier for both printing and scanning purposes.
For example,
• %d: It is a datatype format specifier used to print and scan an integer value.
• %s: It is a datatype format specifier used to print and scan a string.
• %c: It is a datatype format specifier used to display and scan a character value.
• %f: It is a datatype format specifier used to display and scan a float value.
Ans. The array is a simple data structure that stores multiple elements of the same datatype in a reserved and
sequential manner. There are three types of arrays, namely,
Ans: The Symbol mentioned is called a Null Character. It is considered as the terminating character used in
strings to notify the end of the string to the compiler.
Q18. What is the main difference between the Compiler and the Interpreter?
Ans: Compiler is used in C Language and it translates the complete code into the Machine Code in one shot. On
the other hand, Interpreter is used in Java Programming Langauge and other high-end programming languages. It
is designed to compile code in line by line fashion.
Ans: No, Integer datatype will support the range between -32768 and 32767. Any value exceeding that will not
be stored. We can either use float or long int.
Ans: Dynamic Memory Allocation is the process of allocating memory to the program and its variables in runtime.
Dynamic Memory Allocation process involves three functions for allocating memory and one function to free the
used memory.
Syntax:
Syntax:
Syntax:
Syntax:
1 free(ptr);
Ans: A Pointer in C Programming is used to point the memory location of an existing variable. In case if that
particular variable is deleted and the Pointer is still pointing to the same memory location, then that particular
pointer variable is called as a Dangling Pointer Variable.
Ans: We cannot use & on constants and on a variable which is declared using the register storage class.
Ans: Structure is defined as a user-defined data type that is designed to store multiple data members of the
different data types as a single unit. A structure will consume the memory equal to the summation of all the data
members.
1 struct employee
2 {
3 char name[10];
4 int age;
5 }e1;
6 int main()
7 {
8 printf("Enter the name");
9 scanf("%s",e1.name);
10 printf("n");
11 printf("Enter the age");
12 scanf("%d",&e1.age);
13 printf("n");
14 printf("Name and age of the employee: %s,%d",e1.name,e1.age);
15 return 0;
16 }
Ans:
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 void change(int,int);
3 int main()
4 {
5 int a=25,b=50;
6 change(a,b);
7 printf("The value assigned to a is: %d",a);
8 printf("n");
9 printf("The value assigned to of b is: %d",b);
10 return 0;
11 }
12 void change(int x,int y)
13 {
14 x=100;
15 y=200;
16 }
//Output
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 void change(int*,int*);
3 int main()
4 {
5 int a=25,b=50;
6 change(&a,&b);
7 printf("The value assigned to a is: %d",a);
8 printf("n");
9 printf("The value assigned to b is: %d",b);
10 return 0;
11 }
12 void change(int *x,int *y)
13 {
14 *x=100;
15 *y=200;
16 }
//Output
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Ans: Both the functions are designed to read characters from the keyboard and the only difference is that
getch(): reads characters from the keyboard but it does not use any buffers. Hence, data is not displayed on the
screen.
getche(): reads characters from the keyboard and it uses a buffer. Hence, data is displayed on the screen.
//Example
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 #include<conio.h>
3 int main()
4 {
5 char ch;
6 printf("Please enter a character ");
7 ch=getch();
8 printf("nYour entered character is %c",ch);
9 printf("nPlease enter another character ");
10 ch=getche();
11 printf("nYour new character is %c",ch);
12 return 0;
13 }
//Output
Ans. toupper() is a function designed to convert lowercase words/characters into upper case.
//Example
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 #include<ctype.h>
3 int main()
4 {
5 char c;
6 c=a;
7 printf("%c after conversions %c", c, toupper(c));
8 c=B;
9 printf("%c after conversions %c", c, toupper(c));
//Output:
a after conversions A
B after conversions B
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 #include<stdlib.h>
3 int main()
4 {
5 int a,b;
6 for(a=1;a<=10;a++)
7 {
8 b=rand();
9 printf("%dn",b);
10 }
11 return 0;
12 }
//Output
1987384758
2057844389
3475398489
2247357398
1435983905
Ans: It is possible to create a new header file. Create a file with function prototypes that need to be used in the
program. Include the file in the ‘#include’ section in its name.
Ans: Memory Leak can be defined as a situation where programmer allocates dynamic memory to the program
but fails to free or delete the used memory after the completion of the code. This is harmful if daemons and servers
are included in the program.
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 #include<stdlib.h>
3 int main()
4 {
5 int* ptr;
6 int n, i, sum = 0;
7 n = 5;
8 printf("Enter the number of elements: %dn", n);
9 ptr = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));
10 if (ptr == NULL)
11 {
12 printf("Memory not allocated.n");
13 exit(0);
14 }
15 else
16 {
17 printf("Memory successfully allocated using malloc.n");
18 for (i = 0; i<= n; ++i)
19 {
20 ptr[i] = i + 1;
21 }
22 printf("The elements of the array are: ");
23 for (i = 0; i<=n; ++i)
24 {
25 printf("%d, ", ptr[i]);
26 }
27 }
28 return 0;
29 }
//Output
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in the comment section below.
Ans: A local static variable is a variable whose life doesn’t end with a function call where it is declared. It extends
for the lifetime of the complete program. All calls to the function share the same copy of local static variables.
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 void fun()
3 {
4 static int x;
5 printf("%d ", x);
6 x = x + 1;
7 }
8 int main()
9 {
10 fun();
11 fun();
12 return 0;
13 }
//Output
01
Q32. What is the difference between declaring a header file with < > and ” “?
Ans: If the Header File is declared using < > then the compiler searches for the header file within the Built-in
Path. If the Header File is declared using ” ” then the compiler will search for the Header File in the current
working directory and if not found then it searches for the file in other locations.
Ans: We use Register Storage Specifier if a certain variable is used very frequently. This helps the compiler to
locate the variable as the variable will be declared in one of the CPU registers.
Ans: x++; is the most efficient statement as it just a single instruction to the compiler while the other is not.
Q35. Can I declare the same variable name to the variables which have different scopes?
Ans: Yes, Same variable name can be declared to the variables with different variable scopes as the following
example.
1 int var;
2 void function()
3 {
4 int variable;
5 }
6 int main()
7 {
8 int variable;
9 }
Q36. Which variable can be used to access Union data members if the Union variable is declared as a
pointer variable?
Ans: Arrow Operator( -> ) can be used to access the data members of a Union if the Union Variable is declared
as a pointer variable.
Ans: Basic File Handling Techniques in C, provide the basic functionalities that user can perform against files
in the system.
Function Operation
fopen() To Open a File
fclose() To Close a File
fgets() To Read a File
fprint() To Write into a File
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in the comment section below.
• auto
• register
• static
• extern
Ans: Typecasting is a process of converting one data type into another is known as typecasting. If we want to
store the floating type value to an int type, then we will convert the data type into another data type explicitly.
Syntax:
1 (type_name) expression;
Q40. Write a C program to print hello world without using a semicolon (;).
Ans:
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 void main()
3 {
4 if(printf("hello world")){}
5 }
//Output:
hello world
Q41. Write a program to swap two numbers without using the third variable.
Ans:
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 #include<conio.h>
3 main()
4 {
5 int a=10, b=20;
6 clrscr();
7 printf("Before swapping a=%d b=%d",a,b);
8 a=a+b;
9 b=a-b;
10 a=a-b;
11 printf("nAfter swapping a=%d b=%d",a,b);
12 getch();
13 }
//Output
Ans: There is no escape sequence provided for the symbol % in C. So, to print % we should use ‘%%’ as shown
below.
1
12
123
1234
12345
Ans: To print the above pattern, the following code can be used.
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 int main()
3 {
4 for(i=1;i<=5;1++)
5 {
6 for(j=1;j<=5;j++)
7 {
8 print("%d",j);
9 }
10 printf("n");
11 }
12 return 0;
13 }
• This is a preprocessor directive that can be used to turn on or off certain features.
• It is of two types #pragma startup, #pragma exit and pragma warn.
• #pragma startup allows us to specify functions called upon program startup.
• #pragma exit allows us to specify functions called upon program exit.
• #pragma warn tells the computer to suppress any warning or not.
Ans: The following program will help you to remove duplicates from an array.
1 #include <stdio.h>
2 int main()
3 {
4 int n, a[100], b[100], calc = 0, i, j,count;
5 printf("Enter no. of elements in array.n");
6 scanf("%d", &n);
7 printf("Enter %d integersn", n);
8 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
9 scanf("%d", &a[i]);
10 for (i = 0; i<n; i++)
11 {
12 for (j = 0; j<calc; j++)
13 {
14 if(a[i] == b[j])
15 break;
16 }
17 if (j== calc)
18 {
19 b[count] = a[i];
20 calc++;
21 }
22 }
23 printf("Array obtained after removing duplicate elementsn");
24 for (i = 0; i<calc; i++)
25 {
26 printf("%dn", b[i]);
27 }
28 return 0;
29 }
//Output
Ans: Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements
and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. The pass through the list is repeated until the list is sorted.
1 int main()
2 {
3 int array[100], n, i, j, swap;
4 printf("Enter number of elementsn");
5 scanf("%d", &n);
6 printf("Enter %d Numbers:n", n);
7 for(i = 0; i<n; i++)
8 scanf("%d", &array[i]);
9 for(i = 0 ; i<n - 1; i++)
10 {
11 for(j = 0 ; j < n-i-1; j++) { if(array[j]>array[j+1])
12 {
13 swap=array[j];
14 array[j]=array[j+1];
15 array[j+1]=swap;
16 }
17 }
18 }
19 printf("Sorted Array:n");
20 for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
21 printf("%dn", array[i]);
22 return 0;
23 }
Q47. What is Round-robin algorithm? Write a code for Round Robin Scheduling.
Ans: Round-robin Algorithm is one of the algorithms employed by process and network schedulers in computing
in order to evenly distribute resources in the system.
1 #include<stdio.h>
2
3 int main()
4 {
5 int i, limit, total = 0, x, counter = 0, time_quantum;
6 int wait_time = 0, turnaround_time = 0, arrival_time[10], burst_time[10], temp[10];
7 float average_wait_time, average_turnaround_time;
8 printf("nEnter Total Number of Processes:t");
9 scanf("%d", &limit);
10 x = limit;
11 for(i = 0; i<limit; i++)
12 {
13 printf("nEnter Details of Process[%d]n", i + 1);
14 printf("Arrival Time:t");
15 scanf("%d", &arrival_time[i]);
16 printf("Burst Time:t");
17 scanf("%d", &burst_time[i]);
18 temp[i] = burst_time[i];
19 }
20
21 printf("nEnter Time Quantum:t");
22 scanf("%d", &time_quantum);
23 printf("nProcess IDttBurst Timet Turnaround Timet Waiting Timen");
24 for(total = 0, i = 0; x != 0;)
25 {
26 if(temp[i] <= time_quantum && temp[i] > 0)
27 {
28 total = total + temp[i];
29 temp[i] = 0;
30 counter = 1;
31 }
32 else if(temp[i]>0)
33 {
34 temp[i] = temp[i] - time_quantum;
35 total = total + time_quantum;
36 }
37 if(temp[i] == 0 && counter == 1)
38 {
39 x--;
40 printf("nProcess[%d]tt%dtt %dttt %d", i + 1, burst_time[i], total - arrival_time[i],
41 total - arrival_time[i] - burst_time[i]);
42 wait_time = wait_time + total - arrival_time[i] - burst_time[i];
43 turnaround_time = turnaround_time + total - arrival_time[i];
44 counter = 0;
45 }
46 if(i == limit - 1)
47 {
48 i = 0;
49 }
50 else if(arrival_time[i + 1] <= total)
51 {
52 i++;
53 }
54 else
55 {
56 i = 0;
57 }
58 }
59
60 average_wait_time = wait_time * 1.0 / limit;
61 average_turnaround_time = turnaround_time * 1.0 / limit;
62 printf("nnAverage Waiting Time:t%f", average_wait_time);
63 printf("nAvg Turnaround Time:t%fn", average_turnaround_time);
64 return 0;
}
//Output
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in the comment section below.
Q48. Which structure is used to link the program and the operating system?
Q49. What are the limitations of scanf() and how can it be avoided?
Ans: The differences between macros and functions can be explained as follows:
• Macro call replaces the templates with the expansion in a literal way.
• The Macro call makes the program run faster but also increases the program size.
• Macro is simple and avoids errors related to the function calls.
• In a function, call control is transferred to the function along with arguments.
• It makes the functions small and compact.
• Passing arguments and getting back the returned value takes time and makes the program run at
a slower rate.