Return On Investment in Education

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Return On Investment in Education

The September issue of US News & World Report has the most recent rankings of the Best
Colleges. However, I think what's interesting is the article "Is College Still Worth it?" Instead of which college to
attend, the question it asks is whether to go to college, given the rising costs at as much as $50,000 a year.

What is the return on investment in higher education? What is the return? How do we measure? The article
didn’t answer these questions but pointed in the right direction.

Unfortunately, what's not clear is whether the product an education is getting any better or any easier to
evaluate.

If colleges were businesses, they would be ripe for hostile takeovers, complete with serious cost-cutting and
painful reorganizations. You can be sure those business analysts would ask: Is the consumer getting the
product we promised? What do you actually learn here? Can you guarantee a job? Admission to graduate
school? There are ways to gauge these things, but colleges have just recently fended off a movement to
demand such outcomes measures.

The common argument to support the ROI has been the fact that, on average, "people with a college degree
earn significantly more money over their lifetimes than those without a college degree." But the flaw is in the
unspoken "on average" in such data and the meaning of "significantly". The Six Sigma training in me always
makes me ask "what is the variation in each group?" and "what are the factors that contribute to the variation?”

People making decisions based on such general differences between averages run the risk of not getting
sufficient ROI or any at all. Although education decisions are highly personal, people could apply DMAIC
thinking to make it a more informed decision.

 Define: Decide what return you want from higher education. The metrics can be money (marketable
skills), connection/networking, joy of learning, knowledge and understanding of the world itself,
etc. Prioritize what is most Critical to your Education (CTE) and focus on maximizing that, very much
like a CTQ defined for a LSS project.
 Measure: Collect data on how well each college delivers the CTE metric, and make sure that all data
are equivalent or measured similarly before comparing them.
 Analyze: Ask the question "what critical factors contribute to the higher value of the CTE metric?" For
example, if your CTE is marketable skills that pay well and you identified colleges whose graduates
received the highest starting salaries, the question is "what factors helped them achieve these
skills?"They can be academic disciplines, participation in Co-operative programs, leading a student
organization, faculty quality, student quality, student/faculty ratio, or some other indicators used by US
News in their rankings. The factors that are most critical to learning marketable skills may not help
you understand the world better, and vice versa. Based on a better understanding of relevant causal
relationships, choose colleges that excel at those critical factors.
 Improve: Now you are in a college. Focus on critical factors: choose the right major, team up with the
best students, apply for an intern program, join a student club, etc. This is where you realize the
return, but only if you focus on the critical factors.
 Control: The world changes. Your goals and priorities change, too. You will discover new critical
factors that are more important to your current goal. Whether you are still in college or have started
your career, continue to understand and focus on the critical factors that help you improve. That's
lifetime learning. That's the spirit of Lean Six Sigma continuous improvement.

[I will write about applying LSS in education and about ROI in LSS training vs. conventional education in my
future blogs.]

I enjoyed this article and can relate to it having put one son through college, one now a Freshman, and one two years
out. As an MBB, I just wish it this easy. First, I concur that the higher education system needs to be revamped but
colleges are pillars of resistance to change much like healthcare so I don’t expect much difference between my first
and third son’s experience. That aside, the biggest challenge I see between my professional DMAIC application and
my sons’ college experiences is that most of my professional associates can spell DMAIC. My sons, during their high
school and early college years, have neither the maturity nor critical thinking skills to run through the phases. I would
say that they fit within the 1st StDev of average. On the other hand, I have had the pleasure of association with some
high potential HS seniors (top 5-10%), and it is interesting to observe how they apply their fledgling critical thinking
skills to do just what the author describes…and then reap the benefits. These are our future leaders. Yet, there is one
other intergradient that the author failed to mention and that is the critical importance of the engagement of parents.
In terms of DMAIC, these are the project sponsors. Projects seldom succeed with out strong sponsors…Six Sigma is
not a spectator’s sport! There could be a blog on just this subject alone.

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