MICP Bacterial Infections s1
MICP Bacterial Infections s1
MICP Bacterial Infections s1
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. s1
The material in this module was drawn from the book Microbiology and
Parasitology. Dr. Bartolome and Dr. Quiles' A Textbook and Laboratory Manual
for the Health Science (2nd edition).
P athogenic bacteria possess characteristics that enable them to circumvent the body's
defenses and exploit its resources, resulting in infection. It spreads by a variety of
mechanisms. A significant number of organisms must survive in the environment and
reach a vulnerable host in order for it to spread.
Immediately below is a description of SKIN BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. So, shall we start Future RNs?
STAPHYLOCOCCI:
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
STREPTOCOCCI
Streptococcus pyogenes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Image:antimicrobe.org
Clostridium perfringens
Image:http://www.hbo.co.za/hyperbarictherapy
Bacillus anthracis
Image:pinterestpinoninfographic
Mode of transmission:
Through inoculation into the open skin from either the soil or infected animal products, ingestion of
infected meat or milk and inhalation of aerosolized spores.
Laboratory Diagnosis:
blood test detect both inhalational and cutaneous cases of anthrax within an hour. The peripheral
blood contains a large number of B. anthracis which is easily seen on gram- stain. Spores can be done
using Dorner stain or Wirtz Conklin stain.
Treatment and prevention - Antibiotics like penicillin or doxycycline are the drugs of choice.
Vaccination of livestock in endemic areas.; single dose of live, attenuated vaccine is used, which is unsafe
for use in humans.
Vaccine approved for humans: contains inactivated form of antigen toxin to prevent entry of 2 toxins
into the host’s cells
For people who have been exposed to B. anthracis: 3 doses of the vaccine over 4 weeks, along with
antibiotic treatment, are recommended .
Patient Care. Standard Precautions. Add Contact Precautions for cutaneous anthrax pt. if there is a large
amt. of uncontained drainage. Use soap, water for handwashing; alcohol does not have sporicidal
activity.
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B acteria are generally associated with many types of OCULAR INFECTIONS . If left untreated, ocular infections
can harm the structures of the eye, resulting in blindness and visual impairment. This part of the module aimed
to discuss the bacterial profile of ocular infections.
CONJUNCTIVITIS is the inflammation/infection of conjunctiva and may have several clinical findings. An
inflammation/infection of cornea is KERATITIS while the inflammation / infection of conjunctiva & cornea is
KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic pathogen, in pairs, encapsulated.
alpha hemolytic if aerobic; beta hemolytic if anerobic
lancet shaped
virulence : adhesin, capsule, toxin pneumolysin and IgA protease.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Image:osmosis.org(google.com)
Gram-negative bacterium and obligate intracellular pathogen.; cell with high lipid.
susceptible to sulfonamides
associated with eye infections such as: conjunctivitis, inclusion conjunctivitis, trachoma (Note: Descriptions are located
below)
Clinical Findings -
Conjunctivitis
Also called “ swimming pool conjunctivitis” -
Transmission: Acquired in non/poor chlorinated swimming pool, In adults,
occur w/ non-gonococcal urethritis or cervicitis (genital to eyes transfer),
there is mucopurulent eye discharge
occurs with pneumonia or chlamydial nasopharyngitis.
Inclusion conjunctivitis (Chlamydial Conjunctivitis, Paratrachoma)
Caused by serotypes D to K.;
In adults, asso w/ genital infection;
In newborn acquired upon passage in birth canal;
s/s: swelling of eyelids w/ mucopurulent, keratitis, corneal infiltrates & corneal
vascularization
Trachoma - (Chlamydia Keratoconjunctivitis).
Also called as “chronic keratoconjunctivitis.
Caused by serotypes A,B & C;
Transmitted eye-to-eye by droplets, fomites & eye-seeking flies. In poor living cond.;
s/s: follicular conjunctivitis w/ diffuse inflammation involving entire conjunctiva, then
progress to conjunctiva scarring producing in-turned eyelids.; In-turned eyelids causes
constant abrasion of cornea leading to ulceration,scarring, invasion of vessels into cornea &
loss of vision (frequent cause of blindness)
Neisseria gonorrheae
- a kidney bean–shaped, Gram-negative diplococcus
- Also called as gonococcus,. Common cause of STD
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- In neonates- “ophthalmia neonatorum” – acquired upon passage in birth canal.
- In adults, transmitted through finger-to eye contact involving infectious genital secretions
- s/s: redness, swelling of conjunctiva w/ purulent eye discharge
- If untreated – leads to corneal ulceration, perforation & blindness
- PREV (neonate): 1% silver nitrate (Crede’s prophylaxis) after birth or 1% tetracycline eye ointments or 0.5%
erythromycin eye ointments.
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F 1.
OODBORNE DISEASE can arise from either infection or intoxication. It may leads to: (Note: Refer to your textbook for
description)
Gastritis-
2. Enteritis-
3. Colitis-
4. Gastroenteritis -
5. Hepatitis-
6. Dysentery-
Bacterial infections :
1. Bacterial enterocolitis (food poisoning): Bacterial food poisoning is defined as an illness caused by the consumption
of food contaminated with bacteria or bacterial toxins
- . Bacteria cause are: Bacillus cereus, Staph. aureus, Clostridium perfringes, Vibrio parahemolyticus
2. Gastroenteritis (Diarrhea): is an inflammation of the lining of the intestines.
- Bacterial are; Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. Shigella sp,Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholera, Clostridium perfringes,
Clostridium difficile, Bacillus anthracis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
GIT
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
BACTERIAL ENTEROCOLITIS ( Food poisoning ) 3 mechanisms of Food poisoning
1.Ingestion of preformed toxin- present in contaminated food. S/s dev hrs consisting of explosive diarrhea,
abd pain. Staph aureus, Vibrio. Clostridium perfringes
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2.Infection by toxigenic organisms- involves secretory enterotoxin, dysentery
3.Infection by enteroinvasive organisms- proliferate, invade, destroy epithelial cells- dysentery.
Gm (+) aerobic rod Impt cause of food Aneobic Gm (+) Marine organism
Poisoning Sporeforming rod Curved Gm -)
coccobacillus
2 distinct forms: Enterotoxin are produced Enterotoxin producer Produces enterotoxin
Emetic type: When organism grow in Similar to cholera toxin
Fried rice Carbo or protein food
Diarrheal type- meat
Dishes & sauces
Emetic form is self Ingestion of Ingestion of food Ingestion of raw seafood
Limiting. recovery contaminated contaminated w/soil containing spores
Shellfish oysters
w/n 24 hrs. S/s begin Foods, salads, custards, reheated food Lab Dx: culture.
after ingestion of rice Milk products Like meat dishes It is halophilic
occasionally pasta
Diarrheal type- Vomiting w/ nausea is more Watery diarrhea, abdl No antibiotic treatment
enterotoxin preformed or Common than diarrhea. Cramps. Vomiting not Mild, self limiting
or produced in small No fever. Common. Resolves n 24
intestine Tx: No antibiotic therapy Hrs
Tx: No antibiotic tx Required. Mgt: supportive No antibiotic therapy
Required. Self limiting. Tx: supportive
Rice should not be
Kept warm for long
periods
DIARHHEA
Escherichia Salmonella Shigella Yersinia Vibrio Clostridium Clostridium Bacillus M. tuber
coli sp. sp enterocolitica cholera perfringes difficile anthracis culosis
Gm (-) motile Gm (-) Gm(-) rod Gm(-) urease Comma- Toxin Anerobic MOT: TB of GIT
Encapsulated rod Encapsulated non motile Producing Shaped producing Gm (+) Ingestion When it is
Normal flora Motile rod non encap Rods Motile rod organisms Spore forming Of improperly
Swallowed
Most commom Has 3 S. MOT: w/ polar flage enterotoxin Rod Cooked meat
After being
Cause of UTI Antigens Dysenteriae In gestion of llum Most common From infected
& sepsis food Cause of animals Coughed
Up from
Travellers Cell wall O Has shiga (meat & dairy Prolonged MOT: food Nosocomial S/S Lung lesion
diarrhea Flagellar H toxin Products) Hypersecretion (meat & Diarrhea Vomiting Or by M.
Capsular Vi contaminated Of water
Gravies) bovis
Serves as S.typhi MOT: By feces of MOT: water Contaminated MOT: Abdominal When it is
Fecal index Transmitted Food Domestic Food By dirt or Fecal oral Pain Ingested
For contami Only by Finger Animals Flies Feces, Route Bloody
By unpas
nation of Humans Flies Fomites “rice watery” Enteritis Hospital Diarrhea
Teurized
water Ingestion of Fomites Watery to Stool Necroticans Personnels Dx: exam of
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Food & water Bloody Bloody Severe Bloody Are impt Specimen Milk pro
Contaminated Mucoid diarrhea Dehydration diarrhea Intermedia & culture Ducts.
By human Diarrhea & shock ries
S/S:
& animal wastes
Abd’l
pain
Has pili Enterocolitis With S/S suggest Tx: Water Culture Lab:ELISA DOC: Chronic
Capsule Typhoid or tenesmus Appendicitis Fluid & Under Diarrhea Ciprofloxacin diarrhea
Endotoxin Enteric fever Arthralgia Electrolyte Anaerobic Watery to
enterotoxin Septicemia replacement conditions bloody
Antibiotic tx Lab Dx: Typhoid Lab Dx Lab Dx Tx: Tx: Antibiotic Doxycycline DOC::
Not usually Culture EMB or Culture Culture of Tetracycline Penicillin Associated Is alternative RIPES
Indicated Mc conkey’s EMB or Specimen Pseudo Drug.
Prevntion
In diarrheal Agar Mc conkey’s From rectal Membranous Control
BCG vaccine
E.coli disease Isolation: Agar Swabs with “ Colitis. Measures:
st
Urine- 1 2wks Cold Clindamycin Immunization Pasteuriza
st
Blood-1 -3 wkrd
Enrichment” nd
2 -3rg gen Of domestic Tion of
Stool- 2nd-4th wk Self-limiting cephalosporins animals milk
Do not
Serology: require
Widal
Test
MOUTH
1.Dental caries(tooth decay)- Streptococcus mutans
Periodontal disease-inflammation of structures that support teeth
Gingivitis-
Periodontitis- chronic gum disease can cause bone destruction & tooth loss
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis or Vincent’s disease or Trench mouth
Causative agent: Prevotella intermedia. Treatment : Metronidazole
6.4. Control measure is Immunization off domestic animals B. anthracis Shigella E.coli
7.5. Causes Severe Dehydration & shock B. Anthracis Cholera C. difficile
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Video Title
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Bacteria
Group A Streptococci – Microbiology | Lecturio
Congrats and Thank you for your efforts Future RNs. The following are key terms related to this week's content.
Look for the some in a proactive manner.
Meningeal Infection
An infection of the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.
Staph Infection
An infection caused by any one of several harmful species or subspecies of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus.
Urogenital Disease
ASSIGNMENT: Answer your textbook : Microbiology and parasitology. A textbook and laboratory
manual for the health science (2nd edition) by Dr. Bartolome and Dr. Quiles. On pages 285- 286 (skin), 377-
378 (eyes) pages 341 - 343 (GIT).
Bartolome and Quiles. (2020) Microbiology and Parasitology: A Textbook and Laboratory Manual for
the Health Sciences. 2nd Edition. C&E Publishing House. Quezon City. QR65. B37 2020
Engelkirk, Paul G. (2019). Burton's Microbiology for the health sciences, 8th ed. . Philadelphia :
LWW.616.01 E3 2007
Tortora, G.J. (2014) Microbiology. Pearson: Singapore. 616.9041 T63 2014
Useful Link: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/
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