Listening module (30 minutes + transfer time)

SECTION 1 Questions 1-10

Tip Strip Read the questions; try to predict the

context of the conversation.
• Note how many different types of
questions there are. In this case, there Look at the questions again to see
are four: multiple choice, note exactly what information you must listen
completion, selecting from a list and out for.
short answer. Underline any key words in the main part
• Look at the instructions for each set of of the questions with options. Then look at
questions. the options and make sure you understand
how they differ from each other.

Questions 1-3
Listen to the telephone conversation between a student and the
owner of a paragliding school and answer the questions below

Circle the correct letters A-D.

Example
Which course does the man suggest?
A 2 day C 5 day
(5) 4 day D 6 day

1 How much is the beginner's course? 2 What does the club insurance cover?
A $190 A injury to yourself
B $320 B injury to your equipment
C $330 C damage to other people's property
D $430 D loss of personal belongings

3 How do the girls want to travel?

A public transport
B private bus
C car
D bicycle

TEST 1, LISTENING MODULE

 Questions 4-7
Complete the form below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

0000
TELEPHONE MEMO
Name: Maria Gentle

Address: C/o Mr & Mrs 4

Newcastle

Fax no: 0249 6

Type of Card : 7

Question 8
Tip Strip
Questions 8 &9: You Circle TWO letters A-G
must get both parts of
the question right to get Which TWO of the following items must people take with them?
your mark. The correct
answer may not be the A sandals D shirt with long sleeves G sunglasses
actual words which you
hear on the tape. Option B old clothes E soft drinks
E in Question 8 is an
example of this. C pullover F hat
Be on the lookout for
paraphrasing of this
type. >
Question 9
Circle TWO letters A-G.

Which TWO accommodation options mentioned are near the paragliding school?
A camping D backpackers' inn G cheap hotel
B youth hostel E caravan park
C family F bed and breakfast

Question 10
Tip Strip
Question 10 is a Write NO MORE THA.\ THREE WORDS for your answer.
different type of
question. Make sure
Which weekend do the girls decide to go?
you are listening out
for the answer.

TEST 1, LISTENING MODULE

SECTI ON 2 Questions 11-20

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

GOODWOOD CAR SHOW

Type of car: Duesenberg J-type

Number made: 11

Type of body: 12

Engines contained capsules of mercury to ensure a 13 trip.

Top speed: 14 per hour.

Sold as a 15 and

Main attraction: 16

Type of car: Leyat Helica

Number built: 17

Car looks like a 18 without 19

Steering used the 20

Tip Strip
* Section 2 is always a talk by one speaker. • Decide what type of information is
Look at the questions and the title of the missing (noun, number, adjective?).
task. Try to guess the context from the • The questions follow the order of the
language and the picture. text.
• Note that all the questions here are note • There are two parts to this listening. This
completion format. Turn the notes into will help to orientate you.
questions in your head, e.g. Number
Question 15: You must get both words to
made = How many were made? Do this
get your mark.
for all the questions before you listen.

TEST 1, LISTENING MODULE

SECTION 3 Questions 21-30

Tip Strip Look through the questions to get an

idea of the topic.
• Section 3 can have between 2 and 4
people speaking. The voices will sound Look carefully at the graphs. Reading the
questions and underlining key words will
quite different.
help you make sense of the graphs, e.g.
• The questions follow the order of the text. Question 24: 'relative popularity ...
• Note how many different types of cinemas'. Each column in the bar chart
questions there are. In this case there are represents how popular each cinema is in
four: note completion, charts and relation to the other. Look at C: Which is
diagrams, multiple choice and completing the most popular cinema in this graph?
a chart. Which is the least popular?

Questions 21- 22
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Research details:

Title of project: 21

Focus of project: entertainment away from 22

Questions 23-26
Circle the correct letters A-C.

23 Which chart shows the percentage of cinema seats provided by

the different cinema houses?

Complex
Park
Odeon

24 Which graph shows the relative popularity of different cinemas?

Key
Complex
Park
Odeon

TE S T 1, L I S T E N I N G MODULE
 25 What did Rosie and Mike realise about the two theatres?

A The prices were very similar.

B They were equally popular.

C They offered the same facilities.

26 Which graph shows comparative attendance for cinema and theatre?

Theatre
OMDJfMAMJJAS O N O J F M A M J J A S Cinema

A B C

Questions 27-30
Complete the chart about the different music clubs below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS or use ONE of the symbols for each answer.

X poor OK excellent

Tip Strip Club Type of Quality

Questions 27-30: In the music of venue
middle column of the
grid, you must listen for
a word which means a The Blues Club Blues 27
type of music. In the
right column you have
to choose from three The Sansue 28
options which are ••
already given in the box
above. Make sure you
use the correct symbol.
Pier Hotel Folk 29

Baldrock Cafe Rock 30

TEST 1, LISTENING MODULE

SECT ION 4 Questions 31-40
Questions 31-32
Tip Strip
• Look at the questions Complete the notes using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
and decide how many
different types of Main focus of lecture: the impact of 31 on the occurrence of dust storms.
question there are.
• Information presented Two main types of impact:
in a table will have a
common thread. Look A) break up ground surface, e.g. off-road vehicle use
at the table for
Questions 33-36 and B) remove protective plants, e.g. 32 and
decide what
information makes up
this common thread. Questions 33-36
In this case there are 4
places mentioned. Complete the table using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS far each answer.
These place names will
act as a reference for
you while you listen Name of area Details
and prevent you from
getting lost. USA 'dust bowl' Caused by mismanagement of farmland
• Note the heading at
the top of the flow
Decade renamed the 33
chart. Check that you
know what kind of West Africa Steady rise in dust storms over 20-year period
words are missing
from the flow chart Arizona Worst dust clouds arise from 34
before you listen.
Questions 31 & 32 are Dust deposits are hazardous to 35
note-completion
questions. What kind of Sahara Increased wind erosion has occurred
words are you looking
for?
along with long-term 36
Question 32: Remember
you must get both parts
of the question to get Questions 37-40
your mark.
Questions 37-40: This is Complete the flow chart using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
a flow chart. It visually
represents a progression
of inter-related events. Drying-up of Aral Sea

Intensive 37 in Central Asian Republics

Drop in water in major tributaries

Total volume of water in lake reduced by 38

Increase in wind-blown material

Lake has become more 39

Serious effects on 40 nearby

TEST 1, LISTENING MODULE

Reading module (1 hour)
READIN G You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading
PASSAGE Passage 1 below.

In Praise
from the contributions of amateurs is a matter of
I some dispute. Dr Fienberg makes a strong case for
astronomy. There is, he points out, a long tradition of

ofAmateurs
collaboration between amateur and professional sky
watchers. Numerous comets, asteroids and even the
planet Uranus were discovered by amateurs. Today,
Despite the specialisation of scientific research, in addition to comet and asteroid spotting, amateurs
amateurs 'still have an important role to play continue to do valuable work observing the
brightness of variable stars and detecting novae -

D uring the scientific revolution of the 17th

century, scientists were largely men of private
means who pursued their interest in natural
'new' stars in the Milky Way and supernovae in
other galaxies. Amateur observers are helpful, says
I Dr Fienberg, because there are so many of them
philosophy for their own edification. Only in the (they far outnumber professionals) and because they
past century or two has it become possible to make are distributed all over the world. This makes special
a living from investigating the workings of nature. kinds of observations possible: if several observers
Modern science was, in other words, built on the around the world accurately record the time when a
work of amateurs. Today, science is an increasingly star is eclipsed by an asteroid, for example, it is
specialised and compartmentalised subject, the possible to derive useful information about the
domain of experts who know more and more about asteroid's shape.
less and less. Perhaps surprisingly, however, Another field in which amateurs have
amateurs - even those without private means - are traditionally played an important role is
still important. I palaeontology. Adrian Hunt, a palaeontologist at
A recent poll carried out at a meeting of the Mesa Technical College in New Mexico, insists
American Association for the Advancement of that his is the field in which amateurs have made
i Science by astronomer Dr Richard Fienberg found the biggest contribution. Despite the development
that, in addition to his field of astronomy, amateurs of high-tech equipment, he says, the best sensors
are actively involved in such fields as acoustics, for finding fossils are human eyes - lots of them.
horticulture, ornithology, meteorology, hydrology Finding volunteers to look for fossils is not
and palaeontology. Far from being crackpots, difficult, he says, because of the near-universal
amateur scientists are often in close touch with interest in anything to do with dinosaurs. As well as
professionals, some of whom rely heavily on their helping with this research, volunteers learn about
co-operation. science, a process he calls 'recreational
Admittedly, some fields are more open to education'.
amateurs than others. Anything that requires i Rick Bonney of the Cornell Laboratory of
expensive equipment is clearly a no-go area. And Ornithology in Ithaca, New York, contends that
some kinds of research can be dangerous; most amateurs have contributed the most in his field.
I amateur chemists, jokes Dr Fienberg, are either There are, he notes, thought to be as many as 60
locked up or have blown themselves to bits. But million birdwatchers in America alone. Given their
amateurs can make valuable contributions in fields huge numbers and the wide geographical coverage
from rocketry to palaeontology and the rise of the they provide, Mr Bonney has enlisted thousands of
Internet has made it easier than ever before to amateurs in a number of research projects. Over the
collect data and distribute results. past few years their observations have uncovered
Exactly which field of study has benefited most previously unknown trends and cycles in bird

TEST 1, READING MODULE

 migrations and revealed declines in the breeding professionals agree the terms on which they will
populations of several species of migratory birds, work together beforehand, there is no reason why
prompting a habitat conservation programme. co-operation between the two groups should not
Despite the successes and whatever the field of i flourish. Last year Dr S. Carlson, founder of the
study, collaboration between amateurs and Society for Amateur Scientists won an award worth
professionals is not without its difficulties. Not $290,000 for his work in promoting such
everyone, for example is happy with the term co-operation. He says that one of the main benefits
V 'amateur'. Mr Bonney has coined the term 'citizen of the prize is the endorsement it has given to the
scientist' because he felt that other words, such as contributions of amateur scientists, which has done
'volunteer' sounded disparaging. A more serious much to silence critics among those professionals
problem is the question of how professionals can who believe science should remain their exclusive
best acknowledge the contributions made by preserve.
I amateurs. Dr Fienberg says that some amateur 1 At the moment, says Dr Carlson, the society is
astronomers are happy to provide their involved in several schemes including an
observations but grumble about not being innovative rocket-design project and the setting up
reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. Others feel of a network of observers who will search for
let down when their observations are used in evidence of a link between low-frequency radiation
scientific papers, but they are not listed as and earthquakes. The amateurs, he says, provide
f co-authors. Dr Hunt says some amateur enthusiasm and talent, while the professionals
palaeontologists are disappointed when told that provide guidance 'so that anything they do
they cannot take finds home with them. discover will be taken seriously'. Having laid the
These are legitimate concerns but none seems foundations of science, amateurs will have much to
insurmountable. Provided amateurs and contribute to its ever-expanding edifice.

TEST 1, R E A D I N G MODULE
 Questions 1-8

Tip Strip
• Read through the summary at normal • Read the text around each gap carefully.
speed so that you have a fair idea of See if you can predict the answer or the
what it is about. kind of word(s) that you are looking for.
• Check the instructions: you can use a • Select the best word from the text for
maximum of two words for each answer each gap
and these words must be taken from the • Re-read the summary, with the words you
reading passage. If you use more than two have selected for each gap, to make sure
words or words that are not in the that it makes sense both grammatically
passage, the answer will be marked wrong. and in terms of meaning.
• Skim the passage and find out where the part
that has been summarised begins.

Complete the summary below. Choose ONE or TWO WORDS from the passage for each
answer.

Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.

Summary

Prior to the 19th century, professional ... 1 ... did not exist and scientific

research was largely carried out by amateurs. However, while ... 2 ... today is

mostly the domain of professionals, a recent US survey highlighted the fact that

amateurs play an important role in at least seven ... 3 ... and indeed many

professionals are reliant on their ... 4 . . . . In areas such as astronomy, amateurs

can be invaluable when making specific ... 5 ... on a global basis. Similarly in

the area of palaeontology their involvement is invaluable and helpers are easy to

recruit because of the popularity of ... 6 . . . . Amateur birdwatchers also play

an active role and their work has led to the establishment of a ... 7 ... .

Occasionally the term 'amateur' has been the source of disagreement and

alternative names have been suggested but generally speaking, as long as the

professional scientists ... 8 ... the work of the non-professionals, the two groups

can work productively together.

T ES T 1, REA DI N G MODULE
 Questions 9-13
Tip Strip
• Read through the Reading Passage I contains a number of opinions provided by four different scientists.
questions, underlining Match each opinion (Questions 9-13) with the scientists A-D.
the key words
e.g. Question 10: NB You may use any of the scientists A-D more than once.
accidents.
• Scan the passage for
the name of the first 9 Amateur involvement can also be an instructive pastime.
scientist.
• Read the text around
the name carefully. 10 Amateur scientists are prone to accidents.
» Check for any opinions
that are expressed by
11 Science does not belong to professional scientists alone.
that person. Verbs like
'says', 'felt', 'contends'
are used to express 12 In certain areas of my work, people are a more valuable
opinions.
resource than technology.
• Re-read the questions
and see whether any
of these express a 13 It is important to give amateurs a name which reflects
similar idea to the the value of their work.
opinions you have
noted in the passage.
• If you find an answer, A Dr Fienberg
skim the rest of the
passage to see
B Adrian Hunt
whether the same
name occurs again.
If so, repeat the above C Rick Bonney
procedure. (At least
one name must be D Dr Carlson
used twice in this set
as there are five
questions and only
four names.)

TE S T 1 , RE A D I N G MODULE
READING You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading
PASSAG E Passage 2 below.

READING THE SCREEN

Are the electronic media exacerbating illiteracy and making our children stupid?
On the contrary, says Colin McCabe, they have the potential to make us truly literate

T
he debate surrounding literacy is one of telephone and research suggests that for many
the most charged in education. On the one people the only use for writing, outside formal
hand there is an army of people convinced education, is the compilation of shopping lists.
that traditional skills of reading and writing are ,1 The decision of some car manufacturers to
declining. On the other, a host of progressives issue their instructions to mechanics as a video
protest that literacy is much more complicated pack rather than as a handbook might be taken to
than a simple technical mastery of reading and spell the end of any automatic link between
writing. This second position is supported by industrialisation and literacy. On the other hand,
most of the relevant academic work over the past it is also the case that ever-increasing numbers
20 years. These studies argue that literacy can of people make their living out of writing, which
only be understood in its social and technical is better rewarded than ever before. Schools are
context. In Renaissance England, for example, generally seen as institutions where the book
many more people could read than could write, rules - film, television and recorded sound have
and within reading there was a distinction almost no place; but it is not clear that this
between those who could read print and those opposition is appropriate. While you may not
who could manage the more difficult task of need to read and write to watch television, you
reading manuscript. An understanding of these certainly need to be able to read and write in
earlier periods helps us understand today's order to make programmes.
'crisis in literacy' debate. Those who work in the new media are anything
There does seem to be evidence that there has but illiterate. The traditional oppositions between
been an overall decline in some aspects of old and new media are inadequate for
reading and writing - you only need to compare understanding the world which a young child now
the tabloid newspapers of today with those of 50 encounters. The computer has re-established a
years ago to see a clear decrease in vocabulary central place for the written word on the screen,
and simplification of syntax. But the picture is which used to be entirely devoted to the image.
not uniform and doesn't readily demonstrate the There is even anecdotal evidence that children
simple distinction between literate and illiterate are mastering reading and writing in order to get
which had been considered adequate since the on to the Internet. There is no reason why the
middle of the 19th century. new and old media cannot be integrated in
While reading a certain amount of writing is as schools to provide the skills to become
crucial as it has ever been in industrial societies, economically productive and politically
it is doubtful whether a fully extended grasp of enfranchised.
either is as necessary as it was 30 or 40 years Nevertheless, there is a crisis in literacy and it
ago. While print retains much of its authority as would be foolish to ignore it. To understand that
a source of topical information, television has literacy may be declining because it is less central
increasingly usurped this role. The ability to to some aspects of everyday life is not the same
write fluent letters has been undermined by the as acquiescing in this state of affairs. The

TEST 1, READING MODULE

production of school work with the new judgement. It may be true that past generations
technologies could be a significant stimulus to were more literate but - taking the pre-19th
literacy. How should these new technologies be century meaning of the term - this was true of
introduced into the schools? It isn't enough to call only a small section of the population. The word
for computers, camcorders and edit suites in literacy is a 19th-century coinage to describe the
every classroom; unless they are properly divorce of reading and writing from a full
integrated into the educational culture, they will knowledge of literature. The education reforms
stand unused. Evidence suggests that this is the of the 19th century produced reading and writing
fate of most information technology used in the as skills separable from full participation in the
classroom. Similarly, although media studies are cultural heritage.
r
now part of the national curriculum, and more and ' The new media now point not only to a
more students are now clamouring to take these futuristic cyber-economy, they also make our
course, teachers remain uncertain about both cultural past available to the whole nation. Most
methods and aims in this area. children's access to these treasures is initially
This is not the fault of the teachers. The through television. It is doubtful whether our
entertainment and information industries must literary heritage has ever been available to or
be drawn into a debate with the educational sought out by more than about 5 per cent of the
institutions to determine how best to blend population; it has certainly not been available to
these new technologies into the classroom. more than 10 per cent. But the new media joined
Many people in our era are drawn to the to the old, through the public service tradition of
pessimistic view that the new media are British broadcasting, now makes our literary
destroying old skills and eroding critical tradition available to all.

TEST 1 , READING MODULE

 Questions 14-17
Strip
1
Ifie questions follow Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 14-17 on your answer
the order of informa- sheet.
tion in the passage.
1
Read the first question 14 When discussing the debate on literacy in education, the writer notes that
and the four options A children cannot read and write as well as they used to.
A-D. One of these
completes the B academic work has improved over the last 20 years.
statement so that it C there is evidence that literacy is related to external factors.
expresses an idea that D there are opposing arguments that are equally convincing.
is also given in the
passage. 15 In the 4th paragraph, the writer's main point is that
1
Decide whether the
question focuses on a
A the printed word is both gaining and losing power.
detail in the passage B all inventions bring disadvantages as well as benefits.
or a main idea. C those who work in manual jobs no longer need to read.
Note the key words in D the media offers the best careers for those who like writing.
the question. These
will help you locate 16 According to the writer, the main problem that schools face today is
the area of the
passage where you A how best to teach the skills of reading and writing.
will find the answer. B how best to incorporate technology into classroom teaching.
Read this part of the C finding the means to purchase technological equipment.
passage very carefully. D managing the widely differing levels of literacy amongst pupils.
You will find that
some of the 17 At the end of the article, the writer is suggesting that
vocabulary in options
A-D also occurs in the A literature and culture cannot be divorced.
passage but only one B the term 'literacy' has not been very useful.
of the options will
complete the sentence
C 10 per cent of the population never read literature.
correctly. D our exposure to cultural information is likely to increase.

Questions 18-23

Tip Strip
Questions 18-23 test your understanding of Skim or scan the passage until you come
what the writer believes; i.e. his/her views or to the part where the writer is discussing
opinions. There are three choices: Yes - the his/her views on the topic or idea
writer believes this; No - the writer believes presented in the question. If you cannot
the opposite of this; Not Given - the writer find any information on this, the answer
doesn't give any views on this. may be 'not given'. Check this carefully.
* The questions follow the order of If you do find some information, decide
information in the passage. whether the writer's views are the same
• Start with the first question and note the or the opposite of those given in the
key words. question.

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agrees with the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

18 It is not as easy to analyse literacy levels as it used to be.

19 Our literacy skills need to be as highly developed as they were in the past.
20 Illiteracy is on the increase.
21 Professional writers earn relatively more than they used to.
22 A good literacy level is important for those who work in television.
23 Computers are having a negative impact on literacy in schools.

TEST 1, READING MODULE

Questions 24-26
Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 2.
Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet. Use NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS for each answer.

In Renaissance England, the best readers were those able to read ... 24 ... .

The writer uses the example of ... 25 ...to illustrate the general fall in certain areas
of literacy.

It has been shown that after leaving school, the only things that a lot of people write
are ... 26 . . . .

Tip Strip
• The questions follow the order of Read the words around each gap
information in the passage. carefully. See if you can predict the
answer or the kind of word(s) that you
• Check the instructions: you can use a are looking for.
maximum of three words for each answer
and these words must be taken from the Scan or skim the passage until you come
reading passage. If you use more than to the part that is relevant.
three words or words that are not in the Re-read the sentence with the word you
passage, the answer will be marked have chosen for the gap to check that it
wrong. makes sense both grammatically and in
• Read the sentences and underline the key terms of meaning.
words.

TEST 1 , R E A D I NG M O D U L E
READING You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading
PASSAGE Passage 3 below.

Questions 27-33
Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs A-G.
From the list of headings below choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph.
Write the appropriate numbers (i-x) in boxes 27-33 on vour answer sheet.

List of headings
Tip Strip
• Although the i The long-term impact
instructions ask you to
choose the 'most
suitable' heading, ii A celebrated achievement
each heading will only
fit one paragraph. Hi Early brilliance passes unrecognised
• Read through the list
of headings. Note that iv Outdated methods retain popularity
each heading
expresses a main idea. v The basis of a new design is bom
• There are ten headings
and seven questions, vi Frustration at never getting the design right
so three of the
headings do not fit vii Further refinements meet persistent objections
any of the paragraphs.
• Skim through the viii Different in all respects
whole passage so that
you have a good idea ix Bridge-makers look elsewhere
of what it is about.
• Read each paragraph x Transport developments spark a major change
carefully, noting the
main idea or theme.
Do not worry if there
are words that you do
not understand. 27 Paragraph A
• Select the heading
that best describes the 28 Paragraph B
main idea of the
paragraph. 29 Paragraph C

30 Paragraph D

31 Paragraph E

32 Paragraph F

33 Paragraph G

TEST 1, READING MODULE

 The Revolutionary Bridges
of Robert Maillart
Swiss engineer Robert Maillart built some of the greatest bridges of the
20th century. His designs elegantly solved a basic engineering problem:
how to support enormous weights using a slender arch

A Just as railway bridges were the great structural symbols intuition. He had a knack for conceiving new shapes to
of the 19th century, highway bridges became the solve classic engineering problems] And because he
engineering emblems ot the 20th century. The invention worked in a highly competitive field, one of his goals was
of the automobile created an irresistible demand for economy - he won design and construction contracts
paved roads and vehicular bridges throughout the because his structures were reasonably priced, often less
developed world. The type of bridge needed for cars and costly than all his rivals' proposals.
trucks, however, is fundamentally different from that
needed for locomotives. Most highway bridges carry Maillart's first important bridge was built in the small
lighter loads than railway bridges do, and their roadways Swiss town of Zuoz. The local officials had initially wanted
can be sharply curved or steeply sloping. To meet these a steel bridge to span the 30-metre wide Inn River, but
needs, many turn-of-the-century bridge designers began Maillart argued that he could build a more elegant bridge
working with a new building material: reinforced made of reinforced concrete for about the same cost. His
concrete, which has steel bars embedded in it. And the crucial innovation was incorporating the bridge's arch and
master of this new material was Swiss structural roadway into a form called the hollow-box arch, which
engineer, Robert Maillart. would substantially reduce the bridge's expense by
minimising the amount of concrete needed. In a
B Early in his career, Maillart developed a unique method for conventional arch bridge the weight of the roadway is
designing bridges, buildings and other concrete transferred by columns to the arch, which must be
structures. He rejected the complex mathematical analysis relatively thick. In Maillart's design, though, the roadway
of loads and stresses that was being enthusiastically and arch were connected by three vertical walls, forming
adopted by most of his contemporaries. At the same time, two hollow boxes running under the roadway (see
he also eschewed the decorative approach taken by many diagram). The big advantage of this design was that
bridge builders of his time. He resisted imitating because the arch would not have to bear the load alone, it
architectural styles and adding design elements solely for could be much thinner - as little as one-third as thick as
ornamentation. Maillart's method was a form of creative the arch in the conventional bridge.

TEST 1, READING MODULE

 D His first masterpiece, however, was the 1905 Tavanasa F Over the next 10 years, Maillart concentrated on refining
Bridge over the Rhine river in the Swiss Alps, In this the visual appearance of the deck-stiffened arch. His
design, Maillart removed the parts of the vertical walls best-known structure is the Salginatobel Bridge,
which were not essential because they carried no load. completed in 1930. He won the competition for the
This produced a slender, lighter-looking form, which contract because his design was the least expensive of
perfectly met the bridge's structural requirements. But the the 19 submitted - the bridge and road were built for
Tavanasa Bridge gained little favourable publicity in only 700,000 Swiss francs, equivalent to some $3.5
Switzerland; on the contrary, it aroused strong aesthetic million today. Salginatobel was also Maillart's longest
objections from public officials who were more span, at 90 metres and it had the most dramatic setting
comfortable with old-fashioned stone-faced bridges. of all his structures, vaulting 80 metres above the ravine
Maillart, who had founded his own construction firm in of the Salgina brook. In 1991 it became the first concrete
1902, was unable to win any more bridge projects, so he bridge to be designated an international historic
shifted his focus to designing buildings, water tanks and landmark.
other structures made of reinforced concrete and did not
resume his work on concrete bridges until the early 1920s. G Before his death in 1940, Maillart completed other
remarkable bridges and continued to refine his designs.
E His most important breakthrough during this period was the However, architects often recognised the high quality of
development of the deck-stiffened arch, the first example of Maillart's structures before his fellow engineers did and in
which was the Flienglibach Bridge, built in 1923. An arch 1947 the architectural section of the Museum of Modern
bridge is somewhat like an inverted cable. A cable curves Art in New York City devoted a major exhibition entirely to
downward when a weight is hung from it, an arch bridge his works. In contrast, very few American structural
curves upward to support the roadway and the compression engineers at that time had even heard of Maillart. In the
in the arch balances the dead load of the traffic. For following years, however, engineers realised that Maillart's
aesthetic reasons, Maillart wanted a thinner arch and his bridges were more than just aesthetically pleasing - they
solution was to connect the arch to the roadway with were technically unsurpassed. Maillart's hollow-box arch
transverse walls. In this way, Maillart justified making the became the dominant design form for medium and long-
arch as thin as he could reasonably build it. His analysis span concrete bridges in the US. In Switzerland,
accurately predicted the behaviour of the bridge but the professors finally began to teach Maillart's ideas, which
leading authorities of Swiss engineering would argue then influenced a new generation of designers.
against his methods for the next quarter of a century.

Questions 34-36
Tip Strip
Check the instructions Complete the labels on the diagrams below using ONE or TWO WORDS from the
for Questions 34-36: reading passage. Write your answers in boxes 34-36 on your answer sheet.
you can use a
maximum of two
words for each answer ROADWAY DECK ...(34)...
and these words must
be taken from the
reading passage. If
you use more than
two words or words
that are not in the ARCH
passage, the answer FORCES
will be marked wrong.
Skim/scan the passage CONVENTIONAL ARCH BRIDGE
until you come to the
section that describes
the two types of ROADWAY DECK
bridge.
Read this part very
carefully and select
the words in the .(36)...
passage that fit the
labels. ARCH

ARCH BRIDGE

TEST 1, READING MODULE

tip Strip Questions 37-40
• The part-statements or Complete each of the following statements (Questions 37-40) with the best ending (A-G)
questions follow the from the box below.
order of information
in the passage.
• There are four part- ; Write the appropriate letters A—G in boxes 3 7-40 on your answer sheet,
statements and seven
endings so some of
the endings will not 37 Maillart designed the hollow-box arch in order to
be used at all.
• Many of the endings 38 Following the construction of the Tavanasa Bridge, Maillart failed to
A-G will fit each
question
grammatically. 39 The transverse walls of the Flienglibach Bridge allowed Maillart to
• You have already read
the passage at least
once. Can you guess
40 Of all his bridges, the Salginatobel enabled Maillart to
any of the answers?
• Do not re-read the
whole passage.
Underline the A prove that local people were wrong.
keywords in each
statement, then scan B find work in Switzerland.
the passage for these
words, e.g. Question
37: the hollow-box win more building commissions.
arch.
• When you find the D reduce the amount of raw material required.
relevant part of the
passage, read it very
carefully. Question 37: E recognise his technical skills.
Which paragraph
discusses the design F capitalise on the spectacular terrain.
of hollow-box arch?
• Select the option that
improve the appearance of his bridges.
best completes each
sentence.
• Re-read the completed
sentence and compare
this for meaning with
the appropriate
section of the passage.

TEST 1, READING MODULE

Writing module (1 hour)
WR I T I N G T A S K 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below shows how money was spent on different forms of entertainment
Tip Strip over a five-year period.
• Read the question very
carefully. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
• The instructions state
that you should You should write at least ISO words.
'describe'the
information in the
graph. You should
NOT speculate about
the reasons for the
data or give reasons
for it.
• Look carefully at the
labels. What do the
diagrams represent?
Cinema
• Take a minute to plan
how you will describe Video
250
the information. Are
there any significant Fun Money Music
features? Can you
World entertainment markets
compare or contrast
any of the data? 200
• Think of how best to
group the information
in the diagram.
Publishing
• Write one or two
paragraphs, making
150
sure that you cover all
the important points.
• Read through your
answer when you
have finished and 100
check grammar,
spelling and
punctuation. Television
• Check that you have
linked your points 50
together well.
• Make sure you have
written enough
words. You will not be
penalised for writing 0
too much but keep an
eye on the time: you 1995 2000 1995 2000 1995 2000
will need to leave Asia Europe United States
about 40 minutes for
Task 2. Source: Booz Allen & Hamilton Figures are in $ billion

T ES T 1, WRITING MODULE
WRITING TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument or case to an educated non-specialist audience on the

Tip Strip following topic:
• Read the question very
carefully.
• Underline key points in
the question and make
Under British and Australian laws a jury in a criminal case has no access to
sure your answer is information about the defendant's past criminal record. This protects the
relevant to these.
person who is being accused of the crime.
• Consider your
personal view on the
topic. Do you agree, Some lawyers have suggested that this practice should be changed and that a
disagree or have an
impartial view? jury should be given all the past facts before they reach their decision about
• Take a minute to plan the case.
what you are going to
say in your answer.
Think of the main idea Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer.
you will include in
each paragraph, then
think of some
You should write at least 250 words.
supporting points.
• Before you start
writing, think about You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments
how you will introduce with examples and relevant evidence.
the topic. DO NOT
copy the question.
• Include some
arguments that are
relevant to your own
society or personal
experience.
• Clearly state your
conclusion. Make sure
that you address the
question.
• Read through your
answer when you have
finished and check
grammar, spelling and
punctuation.
• Check that you have
linked your points
together well.
• Make sure you have
written enough
words. You will not be
penalised for writing
more than 250 words
but you will not gain
extra marks either.

TEST 1, WRITING MODULE

Speaking module (10-15 minutes)
PART 1 The examiner will ask you questions about yourself, such as:

• What s your name?

Tip Strip
• The examners want you to
• Where do you live?
ptskxrn to the best of • What family members do you live with?
your afaCty and the test is
designed to give you every • What are you studying?
opportunity to speak, but
examiners can only rate • What do you like about your studies?
what they hear from you.
So make sure you speak
• What do you like about learning English?
up and use the time as • How often do you use English?
effectively as possible.
• In Part 1, if the examiner
asks you a question which
can be answered by 'Yes'
or 'No', try to give some
extra information to
extend your answer.
Yes/No questions in
English are often an
invitation to say more.
• Make sure you answer the
question you are asked.
Do not come to the
interview with a learned
talk.

P AR T 2
The topic for your talk will be written on a card which the examiner will hand you.
Read it carefully and then make some brief notes.

Tip Strip A city you have visited

• In Part 2, try to make
your talk as interesting as
possible. You have a INSTRUCTIONS
minute to prepare what Please read the topic below carefully. You will be asked to talk about it for
you are going to say and
1 to 2 minutes.
you can make some
notes. Write down some You have one minute to think about what you're going to say.
key words or ideas only. You can make some notes to help you if you wish.
Do not write out
everything you are going
to say. Describe a city you have visited which has impressed you.
• Look carefully at the
prompt card on this page. You should say: where it is situated
Think of a city which
impressed you. why you visited it
• Think of 2 or 3 things you what you liked about it
really remember about
the city. Try to interest the
examiner in what you say. At the end of your talk, the examiner will ask one or two brief questions to signal that it
is time to stop talking. For example, he or she might ask you:

Do you like cities generally?

Would you like to live in the city you spoke about?

TEST 1, SPEAKING MODULE