Landing Gear Systems
Landing Gear Systems
Landing Gear Systems
GEAR
SYSTEMS
The following are the basic functions of landing gear:
12. Lightweight
13. Maintainability
14. Manufacturability
In general, there are eight different landing gear
configurations:
1. Single main
2. Bicycle
3. Tail-gear
4. Tricycle or nose-gear
5. Quadricycle
6. Multi-bogey
7. Releasable rail
8. Skid
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM OF CESSNA 172-SKYWHAWK
Small planes have three landing wheels: two primary wheels (one on each side of the fuselage) and a third
wheel at the front or rear of the plane. Landing gear with a wheel on the back is referred to as conventional
landing gear. Tailwheel aircraft are planes with conventional landing gear. The nose wheel is the third wheel
that is mounted on the nose of the tricycle, and the design is known as the tricycle sprocket. On the ground,
a steerable nose wheel or tail wheel allows the aircraft to be controlled throughout all operations.
*Allows stronger braking without causing the plane to sniffle during high-speed landings.
* Improves the pilot's visibility during takeoff, landing, and taxiing. Because the aircraft's center of gravity
(CG) lies ahead of the main wheels, it helps to reduce ground loop (jaw) by giving more directional stability
while on the ground. Instead of a ground loop, forward CG allows the airplane to proceed in a straight line.
DISADVANTAGES OF TRICYCLE LANDING GEAR SYSTEMS FOR AIRCRAFT
Increased strut summary mass due to the nose strut's greater height, and hence the bending moment
imposed on it by the additional load from inertial forces;
Lower permeability. Inertial forces reload the toe support, and foot pressure on the ground increases as well
as running.
Significantly greater volumes in an essential body for retracting the nose support. Longitudinal instability
during the passage of aircraft along an aerodrome with a raised front support during a take-off run.
Danger of emergency or even disaster when front support is damaged or broken. The front support's freely
steered wheels have the potential to appear self-powered oscillations.
CALCULATION STUDIES
Center-of-Gravity Location
In the horizontal landing situation, the nose and main landing gear wheels touch the ground simultaneously,
and the airplane is in a position parallel to the ground.
At the same time, only the main landing gear touches the ground and the nose gear does not touch the ground.
In the case of a braking landing, the airplane is assumed to be in a horizontal position and the landing gear
and tires in a static position.
Load factor
Coefficient of friction
Forces X-Z direction
AISI 4130
Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al
Titanium Grade 2
One End Pinned One End Fixed (For Buckling)
Cylinder Length
𝜋
𝐼= 𝐷4 − 𝑑4 (= 𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑦 )
64
2𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝐿 = 0.7 𝑚
𝐿2
Shear stress
Ø20 mm
𝐹𝑅
𝜏=𝜋
2
4𝑑
Design and Analysis
Studies
DESIGN OF LANDING GEAR