Landing Gear Systems

LANDING
GEAR
SYSTEMS
The following are the basic functions of landing gear:
1. Maintaining aircraft stability on the ground, as well as

during loading, unloading, and taxiing.
2. Allowing the aircraft to move and maneuver freely

during taxation.
3. When the aircraft is in ground position, maintain a safe

space between other aircraft components such as the wing
and fuselage to avoid damage from ground contact.
4. Shock absorption during landing operations
5. To make take-off easier by allowing the plane to

accelerate and turn with the least amount of drag.
The following design requirements are developed in order for landing gear to work effectively:
1. Minimum ground clearance
2. The need for steering
3. Requirement for take-off rotation
4. Requirement to prevent tipping back
5. Requirement for overturn prevention
6. The requirement for a touchdown
7. The requirement for landing
8. Load requirements, including static and dynamic
9. The structural integrity of the aircraft
10.Ground lateral stability is number ten.
11. Reasonably priced
12. Lightweight
13. Maintainability
14. Manufacturability
In general, there are eight different landing gear
configurations:
1. Single main
2. Bicycle
3. Tail-gear
4. Tricycle or nose-gear
5. Quadricycle
6. Multi-bogey
7. Releasable rail
8. Skid
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM OF CESSNA 172-SKYWHAWK
Small planes have three landing wheels: two primary wheels (one on each side of the fuselage) and a third
wheel at the front or rear of the plane. Landing gear with a wheel on the back is referred to as conventional
landing gear. Tailwheel aircraft are planes with conventional landing gear. The nose wheel is the third wheel
that is mounted on the nose of the tricycle, and the design is known as the tricycle sprocket. On the ground,
a steerable nose wheel or tail wheel allows the aircraft to be controlled throughout all operations.
* There's a steering wheel on the snout.
* On both sides, main gear.

ADVANTAGES OF TRICYLE LANDING GEAR SYSTEMS FOR AIRCRAFT
*Keeps the plane level during takeoff and landing.
*Ease of ground handling.
*Allows stronger braking without causing the plane to sniffle during high-speed landings.
* Improves the pilot's visibility during takeoff, landing, and taxiing. Because the aircraft's center of gravity
(CG) lies ahead of the main wheels, it helps to reduce ground loop (jaw) by giving more directional stability
while on the ground. Instead of a ground loop, forward CG allows the airplane to proceed in a straight line.
DISADVANTAGES OF TRICYCLE LANDING GEAR SYSTEMS FOR AIRCRAFT
Increased strut summary mass due to the nose strut's greater height, and hence the bending moment
imposed on it by the additional load from inertial forces;
Lower permeability. Inertial forces reload the toe support, and foot pressure on the ground increases as well
as running.
Significantly greater volumes in an essential body for retracting the nose support. Longitudinal instability
during the passage of aircraft along an aerodrome with a raised front support during a take-off run.
Danger of emergency or even disaster when front support is damaged or broken. The front support's freely
steered wheels have the potential to appear self-powered oscillations.
CALCULATION STUDIES
Center-of-Gravity Location
oMajor weight components are the

passengers, engine and baggage.
oMain gear is located at the center of the wing. 𝑥𝑐 =
5.33
4.8 + = 7.47 𝑓𝑡 . The main landing gear is located at
2
the center of the wing and the nose landing gear is
located at 𝑥𝑚 = 1.9.
Tire Selection
o Taking the moments about point A,

o 𝐹𝑚 𝑥3 = 𝑤0 𝑥1
𝑤0 𝑥1 2450×4.59
o 𝐹𝑚 = = = 2019𝑙𝑏 =
𝑤3 5.57
8980.96 𝒏𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏
o And taking the moments about point B,
o 𝐹𝑛 𝑥3 = 𝑤0 𝑥2
𝑤0 𝑥2 2450×0.98
o 𝐹𝑛 = = = 431𝑙𝑏 =
𝑤3 5.57
1917.18 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛
Calculation of Wheels and Shock
Absorber Stroke
Landing Scenarios
1. Horizontal landing 3-point contact
In the horizontal landing situation, the nose and main landing gear wheels touch the ground simultaneously,
and the airplane is in a position parallel to the ground.
2. Main Landing Gear Contact Condition
At the same time, only the main landing gear touches the ground and the nose gear does not touch the ground.
3. Braking Landing Status
In the case of a braking landing, the airplane is assumed to be in a horizontal position and the landing gear
and tires in a static position.
Load factor
Coefficient of friction
Forces X-Z direction
AISI 4130
Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al
Titanium Grade 2
One End Pinned One End Fixed (For Buckling)
Cylinder Length
𝜋
𝐼= 𝐷4 − 𝑑4 (= 𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑦 )
64
2𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝐿 = 0.7 𝑚
𝐿2
Shear stress
Ø20 mm
𝐹𝑅
𝜏=𝜋
2
4𝑑
Design and Analysis
Studies
DESIGN OF LANDING GEAR
LEFT SIDE VIEW

BACK SIDE VIEW CROSS VIEW
RESULTS
RESULTS
THANKS TO LISTENING US

Landing Gear Systems

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LANDING

1. Maintaining aircraft stability on the ground, as well as

2. Allowing the aircraft to move and maneuver freely

3. When the aircraft is in ground position, maintain a safe

4. Shock absorption during landing operations

5. To make take-off easier by allowing the plane to

1. Minimum ground clearance

2. The need for steering

3. Requirement for take-off rotation

4. Requirement to prevent tipping back

5. Requirement for overturn prevention

6. The requirement for a touchdown

7. The requirement for landing

8. Load requirements, including static and dynamic

9. The structural integrity of the aircraft

10.Ground lateral stability is number ten.

11. Reasonably priced

* There's a steering wheel on the snout.

* On both sides, main gear.

*Keeps the plane level during takeoff and landing.

*Ease of ground handling.

oMajor weight components are the

o Taking the moments about point A,

2. Main Landing Gear Contact Condition

3. Braking Landing Status

LEFT SIDE VIEW

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