AF 3. SDOF General Forced Response Example Report.: José Ángel Ferreyra Ríos 1850141
AF 3. SDOF General Forced Response Example Report.: José Ángel Ferreyra Ríos 1850141
AF 3. SDOF General Forced Response Example Report.: José Ángel Ferreyra Ríos 1850141
Abstract— In this electronic document, it is tried to realize and to analyze single degree of freedom systems by means of the harmonic
response like behavior.
I. INTRODUCTION
In engineering practice, we are almost invariably interested in predicting the response of a structure or mechanical system
to external forcing. For example, we may need to predict the response of a bridge or tall building to wind loading,
earthquakes, or ground vibrations due to traffic. Another typical problem you are likely to encounter is to isolate a
sensitive system from vibrations. For example, the suspension of your car is designed to isolate a sensitive system (you)
from bumps in the road. Electron microscopes are another example of sensitive instruments that must be isolated from
vibrations. Electron microscopes are designed to resolve features a few nanometers in size. If the specimen vibrates with
amplitude of only a few nanometers, it will be impossible to see! Great care is taken to isolate this kind of instrument
from vibrations. That is one reason they are almost always in the basement of a building: the basement vibrates much
less than the floors above.
We have 3 types of cases of the response of forced vibrations. We will again use a spring-mass system as a model of a
real engineering system. As before, the spring-mass system can be thought of as representing a single mode of vibration
in a real system, whose natural frequency and damping coefficient coincide with that of our spring-mass system.
External Forcing models the behavior of a system which has a time varying force acting on it. An example might be an offshore
structure subjected to wave loading.
Base Excitation models the behavior of a vibration isolation system. The base of the spring is given a prescribed motion, causing
the mass to vibrate. This system can be used to model a vehicle suspension system, or the earthquake response of a structure.
Rotor Excitation models the effect of a rotating machine mounted on a flexible floor. The crank with small mass rotates at
constant angular velocity, causing the mass m to vibrate.
We will also have 3 types of forces that can act on the systems and that will generate a forced response.
Impulse: It is a force applied infinitely in an extremely small time.
Impact: It is a non-periodic force that is applied for a very small time, not as small as the impulse.
Random vibration: It is a non-periodic vibration during a certain time, there is no similarity between a period, they are
completely unpredictable entries in time.
II. RESOLUTION OF THE PROBLEMS.
Solve the following exercises. Perform all the necessary steps, validate your assumptions, and provide enough reasoning for your
solution.
1. A bird strike on the engine of an airplane can be considered as an impulse. If the stiffness and damping coefficient of the
engine mount are given by k = 60,000 N/m and 1300 N-s/m, and the engine mass is m = 450 kg, find the response of the
engine. Assume the mass of a small bird between 0.5-3 kg, and the velocity of the airplane between 300-500 km/hr. (choose
one value for mass and speed). Plot the response of the system.
The frequency is like the natural frequency due to its low damping. As a forced response with relatively low damping, the response
oscillates until it reaches a point where it is balanced again.
2. A turboprop engine is mounted on a stand of stiffness 2E7 N/m. When running, it vibrates as a single degree of freedom
system. If the force acting on it has the spectral density shown in Figure 3 (linear axes) estimate the rms displacement,
velocity, and acceleration of the engine. Assume light damping. Choose the engine mass considering that small turboprop
engines range from approximately 400 to 700 kg. State clearly any assumptions and approximations you make.
Figure 4: Density in frequency.