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    All ABout Arnis

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    Apolonio Jr Punzalan Espiritu
    Arnis is the official national martial art and sport of the Philippines. It is also known as Kali or Eskrima, which are roughly interchangeable terms used to describe the traditional Filipino martial arts that emphasize weapon-based fighting using sticks, knives, and other weapons. The name Arnis originated from the old Spanish term "arnés" meaning armor, while Eskrima comes from the Spanish word for fencing "esgrima". Kali likely came from the pre-Hispanic Filipino term for blades and fencing. Arnis focuses on weapon combat like knives and sticks, and involves techniques for hand-to-hand fighting and weapon disarming.

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    All ABout Arnis

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    Apolonio Jr Punzalan Espiritu
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    Arnis is the official national martial art and sport of the Philippines. It is also known as Kali or Eskrima, which are roughly interchangeable terms used to describe the traditional Filipino martial arts that emphasize weapon-based fighting using sticks, knives, and other weapons. The name Arnis originated from the old Spanish term "arnés" meaning armor, while Eskrima comes from the Spanish word for fencing "esgrima". Kali likely came from the pre-Hispanic Filipino term for blades and fencing. Arnis focuses on weapon combat like knives and sticks, and involves techniques for hand-to-hand fighting and weapon disarming.

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    Arnis is the official national martial art and sport of the Philippines. It is also known as Kali or Eskrima, which are roughly interchangeable terms used to describe the traditional Filipino martial arts that emphasize weapon-based fighting using sticks, knives, and other weapons. The name Arnis originated from the old Spanish term "arnés" meaning armor, while Eskrima comes from the Spanish word for fencing "esgrima". Kali likely came from the pre-Hispanic Filipino term for blades and fencing. Arnis focuses on weapon combat like knives and sticks, and involves techniques for hand-to-hand fighting and weapon disarming.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    265 views8 pages

    All ABout Arnis

    Uploaded by

    Apolonio Jr Punzalan Espiritu
    Arnis is the official national martial art and sport of the Philippines. It is also known as Kali or Eskrima, which are roughly interchangeable terms used to describe the traditional Filipino martial arts that emphasize weapon-based fighting using sticks, knives, and other weapons. The name Arnis originated from the old Spanish term "arnés" meaning armor, while Eskrima comes from the Spanish word for fencing "esgrima". Kali likely came from the pre-Hispanic Filipino term for blades and fencing. Arnis focuses on weapon combat like knives and sticks, and involves techniques for hand-to-hand fighting and weapon disarming.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Arnis, also known as 

    Kali or Eskrima/Escrima, is the national martial art of the Philippines.


     The three are roughly interchangeable umbrella terms for the traditional martial arts of
    [2]

    the Philippines ("Filipino Martial Arts", or FMA), which emphasize weapon-based


    fighting with sticks, knives, bladed weapons, and various improvised weapons, as well as "open
    hand" techniques without weapons.

    Arnis comes from arnés, Old Spanish for "armor" (harness is an archaic English term for
    armor, which comes from the same roots as the Spanish term). It is said to derive from the armor
    costumes used in Moro-moro stage plays where actors fought mock battles using wooden swords. [5]
    Arnes is also an archaic Spanish term for weapon, used as early as 1712.
    Eskrima (also spelled Escrima/Eskrima) is a caca garceof the Spanish word
    for fencing, esgrima.[7][8] Their cognate in French is escrime and is related to the English term
    'skirmish'.
    The name Kali is most likely derived from the pre-Hispanic Filipino term for blades and
    fencing, Kalis (Spanish spelling "Calis"),[9] documented by Ferdinand Magellan's expedition
    chronicler Antonio Pigafetta during their journey through the Visayas and in old Spanish to Filipino
    Mother Tongue dictionary and vocabulary books dating from 1612 to the late 1800s, such as
    in Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala by Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura.

    Arnis - Martial Art


    Arnis is the official national sport and the martial art of the Philippines. It is also known
    as "Kali" or "Eskrima". These two terms are used for the traditional martial art of the
    Philippines (“Filipino Martial Arts”, or “FMA”) that focuses on weapon-based fighting with
    knives, sticks, bladed weapons and some improvised weapons. Arnis is a combat
    sport to defend oneself from attacks using hand to hand combat, grappling and weapon
    disarming in weapon-based fights. 

    Origin of the Name:


    The word Arnis got originated from the old Spanish term, arnés,
    meant “armor”and Eskrima is a Filipinization of the Spanish word, esgrima for fencing.
    Whereas the name ‘Kali’ was derived from the pre-Hispanic Filipano term ‘Kalis’ which
    meant Blades and Fencing.
    Practitioners of the sport are called “arnisador” for male and “arnisadora” for female in
    Arnis and “eskrimador” for male and “eskrimadora” for female in the Eskrima and Kali
    Art.
    Moreover, all the three, Arnis, Eskrima and Kali belong to the same family of Filipino weapon-
    based martial arts and fighting systems.
    History:
    Philippine is an island nation that is not only rich in culture, heritage, and history
    but also in sports. The Filipino martial art widely known as Arnis / Kali /
    Eskrima has contributed to both the history and diversity of Philippines.
     
    Some common questions that arise in every reader’s mind are (a) “Where did this
    Sport Originate From?” (b) “Why is it played?”  Therefore, to get a better
    understanding about the sport we need to dig into the past.
     
    Initially, the sport was practiced by peasants or by commoner class people.  But
    these practitioners lacked the scholarly knowledge due to which this sport has no
    written records. The origin of Arnis can be traced back to native fighting
    techniques during the conflicts among the various Pre-Hispanic Filipino tribes or
    kingdoms. Whereas, another form of Spanish fencing dating back to the 15th
    Century, also influenced the current form of Arnis, moreover it also has
    the impact of Chinese, Arab and Indian martial arts.
     
    It is also believed by some people of Philippines that the Filipino art of Arnis has
    some roots connected to India as the people who traveled
    through Indonesia and Malaysia to the Philippine islands had brought this art
    with them. Silambam, a stick based ancient martial art of Tamil Nadu, India, has
    influenced many martial art forms in Asia like Silat among which it is also believed
    that the Filipino Martial art sport, Arnis, also shares ancestry with India’s Martial art,
    Silambam, as it has some similar moves with the short stick (kali or kaji) and
    other weapon based styles of Silambam.
     
    Arnis originally belonged to the people of Philippines, but as time passed by, the art
    spread over to other countries and by the time of World War II; many continents
    adopted it. Arnis also played a significant role during
    the Philippine revolutionaries against the Spaniards.
     
    Eventually, it was the Filipinos who provided the art with a systematic structure. It
    was brought to Hawaii and California in the 1920s. The teaching was kept within
    the Filipino communities until the 1960s after which Master Angel Cabales and
    others began teaching it to others. It took almost two decades to make the art
    known to all around the world and in January 2010; it was officially recognized as
    the National Martial Art and Sport of the Philippines.
     
    Depending upon the use of weapons and sticks; Arnis is differentiated into two
    styles: the Classic Arnis that is all about the use of blades and weapons whereas
    the Modern Arnis deals with the art of sticks and everyday objects. The Modern
    Arnis is the system of the Filipino fighting arts founded by Remy Presas as a self-
    defense system. His goal was to create an injury-free training method as well as
    an effective self-defense system to carry forward the older Arnis systems.

    Variants:
    Arnis was declared as the Philippines’ National sport and martial art on 11
    December 2009. The first national organization for Arnis is the National Arnis
    Association of the Philippines (NARAPHIL) which was founded in 1975 by Gen.
    Fabian C. Ver. 
     
    However, its existence faded post the Philippine Revolution in 1986. The two
    major types of Arnis practiced as sports are the system followed by WEKAF (World
    Eskrima Kali Arnis Federation) which was established in 1989, and is recognized
    internationally; and the other system followed by Arnis Philippines (ARPI),
    established in 1986, which was used prominently during the 2005 Southeast Asian
    Games.
    1. World Eskrima Kali Arnis Federation (“WEKAF”) 
    WEKAF is the most common system of Arnis art which is used internationally. It
    was established in 1989.  The system works on the 10-point ‘must’ system that
    is quite similar to boxing. Here, the participants spar with live sticks wearing
    a long padded vest, skirts and sleeves. In this system, hitting below the thigh is
    strictly prohibited. This system emphasizes heavy offence at the expense
    of defensive techniques, and the combatants are seen hitting each other in a
    disorganized manner. Hence, the "four-second rule" according to which the
    participants were forbidden to use the same strike for more than twice in
    succession. This system is preferred by participants who want to test themselves.   

    2. Arnis Philippines System (“ARPI”) 


    The Arnis Philippines system was established before the WEKAF system (in
    1986) and adapted the scoring system similar to fencing. The matches are observed
    by multiple judges to mark fouls and the loudness of the impact judges the strike
    strength. The participants score points by disarming their opponent or by forcing
    them to step out of the ring. In the ‘ARPI’ system, participants use padded
    sticks with light rattan cores (wooden stem) in place of live sticks as they are
    tenderer and flex while attacking.  

    Main Objective:
    The sport Arnis is played between two fighters with a main objective of earning
    more points by legally attacking the opponent with the help of stick. It is said
    that Arnis develops self-discipline and control because this sport is a simple
    martial art and it is all about defending oneself by using sticks.

    Participants:
    For individual category event in Arnis, one player is selected per team and
    for team category, three players are selected per team.

    Equipment:
    Arnis / Kali / Eskrima are all part of the same art depending on the location,
    dialect and type of training. The one interpretation common to all of them is
    that Kali is the mother art of Arnis and Eskrima. Moreover, Arnis focuses on
    the knife, including the dagger, sword, and any other form of bladed weapon
    whereas Eskrima is based on the ‘baston’ or stick. Therefore, the equipment used
    in Arnis is:
     
    1) Impact Weapon:
     
    Baston: This is the most basic and common weapon in Arnis. Traditional common
    materials used for wooden bastons are usually rattan, kamagong, and bahi wood. It
    is also available in modern materials such as fiberglass and plastics and in metals
    like aluminum.
     
    Rattan: This is usually constructed from a stem of Southeast Asian vine. This
    stem is hard and durable yet lightweight that makes the weapon useful for
    defense against blades. At present, fighters use padded Bastons. The Baston
    (Baton) is about 28 inches (71 cm) in length.

    Kamagong (also known as Mabolo): This is a dark, dense, expensive type of


    wood known for its hardness and weight. Kamagong is also an endangered species
    of ebony wood.

    Bahi: Bahi is a type of wood made from the heart of a palm tree. It is similar to


    kamagong but is made of a porous material in weight and density.
     
    2) Edged Weapons: Knife, dagger, spear, etc. are edged weapons used throughout
    the history for combat, hunting and ceremonies.
     
    3) Head Gear: It is a necessity in Arnis combat. It is covered with high-grade
    leatherette and vinyl that is printed with ethnic art. Its materials provide
    vital protection from head strikes and a multi-thickness metal frame is developed
    for impact protection.
     
    4) Body Armor: It is designed specially to provide complete upper body
    protection while allowing mobility and protection. The armor is usually made
    of hard plastic and vinyl for lightness and the lower panels are extended
    downwards to provide extra coverage.
     
    5) Leg Guard: These guards can be used to protect both thigh and the shin
    area and are not only designed for protection but also
    for comfort and practicality.
     
    6) Groin: It is a special padding for the lower abdomen. It has a groin cup to
    provide complete protection to the groin area.
     
    7) Hand Gloves: It is a thick rubber protection which serves as a protection
    from strikes as the stick is held in hand. Its open palm design ensures a stable
    grip and finger flexibility for impact absorption.
     
    8) Arnis Clothing: The basic Arnis Uniform is made from twill fabric, which
    maintains durability and comfort. It is specially designed after the classic Arnis
    uniform with Velcro straps to close the flaps easily.

    Playing Area:
    The playing area is a square measuring 26.24 feet (8 meters) on one side
    with 6.56 feet (2 meters) of minimum free zone drawn outside it. All the lines of
    the playing surface are 1.97 inch (5.08 cm) in width and four lines mark
    the boundary of the playing area. The two lines of 3.28 feet (1 meter)
    long and 6.56 feet (2 meters) aside mark the horizontal match line. When the
    horizontal match line runs perpendicular to the official’s table it is drawn 9.84 feet
    (3 meters) from the boundary lines whereas 11.48 feet (3.5 meters) from the
    boundary line if drawn parallel to the official’s table.

    Gameplay:
    While playing this sport, the two fighters need to be fully equipped with
    the protective gears and are allowed to hit their opponents only above their
    thighs in two round matches at one minute per round with thirty seconds of
    rest between rounds. Arnis has a four second rule that restricts
    the participants from making the same strike more than twice in succession.
    Moreover, if a rule is broken then the officials give a warning sign before
    disqualification. At the end of the game the fighter with highest points wins.
    Techniques:      

    # 12 Striking Areas 12 Striking Techniques 12 Blocking Techniques

    1. Left Temple Forehand Strike Inward Block

    2. Right Temple Backhand Strike Outward Block

    3. Left Arm Forehand Strike Inward Block

    4. Right Arm Backhand Strike Outward Block

    5. Stomach Mid - Thrust Sweeping Block

    6. Left Chest Forehand Thrust Inward Block

    7. Right Chest Backhand Thrust Outward Block

    8. Right Leg / Knee Low Backhand Strike Low Outward Block

    9. Left Leg / Knee Low Forehand Strike Low Inward Block

    10. Left Eye Forehand Thrust Inward Block


    11. Right Eye Backhand Thrust Outward Block

    12. Crown / Head Frontal Strike Overhead Block

    Scoring:
    All matches are scored by 3 judges on the “10 Point must” system. Scoring is
    based on Quantity of strikes, Effectiveness of Strikes and Ring
    Generalship (time spent staying within the ring). In single stick competition,
    disarms shall be scored as part of the match as a mandatory point deduction and if
    3 disarms take place this would result in a Technical Knockout (“TKO”) whereas
    in double stick competition, a fighter point will not be deducted if disarmed and
    will continue to fight with one weapon until the end of the round. If a fighter loses
    both the weapons, then he / she will automatically lose the match.

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