China National Logging Corporation

CNLC/WL/TCPSOP-A0

Tubing Conveyed
Perforating SOP

Issued: 2006 - 5 - 10
Actualized: 2006 - 5 - 10
 CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 PREPARATION AT BASE...............................1

1.1 JOB PLANNING ..............................................................2

1.1.1 Introduction ..................................................................2
1.1.2 Required Client Information ........................................3
1.1.3 Gun System Considerations .........................................6
1.1.4 The Well types ..............................................................7
1.1.5 Well Conditions ............................................................8
1.1.6 Formation Characteristics...........................................12
1.1.7 Test Requirements ......................................................17
1.1.8 Under-balance Operational Considerations................19
1.1.9 Determining the Optimum Under-Balance.................21
1.1.10 Loading Shop Rules .................................................23
1.2 GUN LOADING ...................................................................26
1.3 APPENDIX 1- TCP STRING ...............................................34

CHAPTER 2 MOBILIZATION ............................................37

2.1 PRE-TRIP SAFETY MEETING.............................................38

2.2 MOBILIZATION TO W ELLSITE.............................................38

CHAPTER 3 PREPARATION AT WELLSITE ..................47

3.1 PRE - JOB MEETING .......................................................48

CHAPTER 4 OPERATIONS.................................................51

4.1 GUN ASSEMBLING AND ARMING .......................................52

4.2 ASSEMBLY OF MECHANICAL FIRING HEAD .......................56
4.3 RIG TOOL STRING .............................................................60
4.4 DEPTH CONTROL ...........................................................62
 4.5 GUN FIRING ...................................................................... 65
4.5.1 Drop the bar freely..................................................... 65
4.5.2 Drop the bar with slickline ........................................ 67
4.6 APPENDIX-2 TORQUE FOR THREADED CONNECTIONS.... 71

CHAPTER 5 POST JOB WELLSITE PROCEDURE....... 73

5.1 GUN RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE.......................................... 74

5.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE.................................................. 78
5.2.1 Mechanical Firing Head Misfire Procedure............... 78
5.2.2 Failure Handling ........................................................ 79
5.2.3 Disassembly of Misfired or Unfired Gun .................. 81
5.2.4 Drop Bar Retrieval..................................................... 83

CHAPTER 6 DEMOBILIZATION...................................... 85

6.1 DEMOBILIZATION .............................................................. 86

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Chapter 1 Preparation at Base

Descriptions

Scope
The section describes the preparation work done in the
base for a coming TCP job, including the TCP configuration
design and the perforation gun loading steps.

Post and Responsibility

POST
STEP
Engineer Senior Operator Operator

Job Planning ● ○ ○
Gun Loading ○ ● ○
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1.1 Job Planning

1.1.1 Introduction
Good planning of a Tubing Conveyed Perforating (TCP) job
is essential to provide quality service. The TCP service is
often run as one part of a major operation in working over or
completing a well. To succeed, communication is
imperative between CNLC, the customer/operator and
other service companies. The engineer’s task in planning a
TCP job is to understand the customer’s objectives and
select appropriate equipment that will work with other
service companies’ hardware throughout the job.
During the job-planning phase, many different issues
emerge (e.g., whether to use a mechanical or
pressure-actuated firing head, closed or open tubing). Be
aware that the job planning stage requires balancing the
various job criteria to arrive at an appropriate, workable
solution. Also keep in mind that other general
considerations play a major role in shaping a TCP job, i.e.,
• Customer TCP policies/experiences
• Completion mechanical considerations
• Pressure range
• Time constraints
• Explosives and hardware availability
Based on experience, TCP jobs require a far stronger
coordination with the client than traditional wireline
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perforating jobs. Very often, at least two customer visits are

needed to plan a job. The first visit establishes the client’s
requirements, the general TCP approach and as much of
the specific well data as possible. The second visit is
important to have the CNLC personnel, the customer and
the completion/testing personnel concur on the proposed
TCP application (gun string, firing system, accessories and
basic completion/testing string).
The TCP specialist or trained engineer who will run the job
should be trained in the system that is to be run. A TCP
specialist should have the following basic tools:
a. ID and OD calipers
b. 35-ft measuring tape marked in 1 /10th in. (or a
metric tape)
c. Single or dual booster crimpers
d. Good razer knife
e. Gun loading jigs
f. A tally book

1.1.2 Required Client Information

This section on job planning goes into detail on all the
aspects of planning a TCP job. The following is a quick
checklist that can be used as a guide throughout the
planning and execution of a job. If the person making the
initial contact for this information is not a TCP specialist
then get a specialist involved at the earliest possible time.
a. Temperature
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b. Deviation
c. TVD
d. Fluid types
e. Fluid weights
f. Casing size
g. Minimum and maximum IDs and ODs
h. Decide on what system will be run. Consider

Gun size

Shot density

Explosive type

Charge type

Spacer size

Firing system

Accessories
2. Double-check the availability of the hardware and
explosives.
3. Draw a preliminary well sketch showing the guns, firing
head, tubing, accessories, packer and radioactive
marker. A form is available at the end of this chapter to
help with this.
4. Prepare a gun sketch showing all of the guns and
spacers that will go into the complete assembly. This
sketch should show the lengths of all the loaded and
blank space including the blank space at the
inter-carriers. Remember that a 3-meter gun is actually
more than 3-meter long.
5. All sketches should be double-checked by the client
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representative.
6. If running drop bar, make whatever arrangements
necessary to have a clean string of pipe in the hole. All
pipe and hardware from the firing head to surface
needs to be rabbited.
7. Check that the rig has available elevators, slips and
safety clamps that are the correct sizes for the
equipment to be used.
8. Measure, to the nearest 1 /10-in. or mm, every piece
between the top shot and the radioactive mark or
whatever is being used as a depth reference. Also
check OD and ID of each piece.
9. Review the pressure calculations checking the fluid
weights and ensure that true vertical depths are being
used.
10. The client representative should review all pressure
calculations.
11. Identify all loaded guns and spacers with a number and
markings on the outside of the carrier to show what is or
is not loaded where they are fit into the string.
12. Hold a planning meeting on the wellsite to ensure that
the company man, rig crew, crane operator, DST hand
and any one else involved with the operation is clear on
the sequence of events and any safety issues that must
be considered.
13. To ease the planning and control of a TCP job, the
person responsible for the job (TCP specialist) should
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be the one who prepares the gun and well sketches,

crimps the boosters, figures the pressure calculations,
assembles and installs explosives in the firing head and
confirms the gun depth correlation. These jobs should
not be delegated.
14. Review the rest of this chapter for information that may
pertain to the job
15. One of the key components of good planning is
knowing what equipment is available and being
confident of its condition.

1.1.3 Gun System Considerations

The parameters that affect gun system selection can be
divided into two categories desired performance and gun
system limitations. Typically larger gun diameters mean
larger charges, greater shot density, and increased shot
phasing. However casing ID, tubing ID, and other wellbore
restrictions limit the gun diameter that can be used.
Also, the type of explosive components used in a gun
system determines the temperature rating of the gun
system. Well temperature and restrictions may limit the
gun system selection to one that is less than ideal to
maximize performance goals. In other words, the gun
selection may have to be a compromise between a gun
system with the optimum performance and a gun that
can function within the well’s parameters.
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1.1.4 The Well types

There are three basic types of wells:

1.1.4.1 Exploration (Appraisal)

Exploration jobs are frequently run using retrievable TCP

strings.

1.1.4.2 Development (Production/Completion)

Development jobs may require TCP systems that remain in

the well after completion. If so, the guns may be dropped
below the perforated interval to permit access to the well
between the tubing shoe and the perforations. In some
cases, economics limit the gun string to 40 to 50-ft. Some
development work demands a dual completion, ie, two
completion strings are run and each has a TCP string
attached. Retrievable systems are often run in development
wells for clean ups involving long intervals (as found in
gravel-pack jobs).

1.1.4.3 Workover

Workover jobs are often run with a closed tubing for which
specific TCP accessories are necessary (eg, a closed
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production valve) to allow re-perforating or new zones to be

opened up alongside existing zones and also be shot
under-balanced. Existing perforations that are open can
present limitations for pressure operated firing heads. The
future of the well should definitely be considered when
planning a TCP job. The immediate focus may be on
whether the job demands:
a) Retrieval of the string and TCP equipment
b) Retention of the string and TCP equipment in the
well
c) Are guns to be dropped?
d) If so, what is the minimum ID for future through
tubing perforating or production logging?
e) Is the top of the fish below the bottom shot?
f) What is “looking up” on top of the fish? Should it
be fished sometime in the future?

1.1.5 Well Conditions

For TCP jobs, well conditions play a major role in job

planning decisions and the execution of the job.

1.1.5.1 Depth

The following depths must be recorded on a well sketch.

a) Depth of the perforating interval
b) Depth for setting the packer
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c) Depth of TD
d) Depth of casing shoes, liner hangers, dog legs
and other casing and tubing fittings and
restrictions
Depths on a TCP job actually have two parts: measured
depth from logging tools, from which the perforating interval
would be chosen (sometimes driller’s depths are used) and
True Vertical Depth (TVD) which is needed in hydrostatic
pressure calculations. Knowledge of the deviation of the
well is needed to compute TVD.

1.1.5.2 Deviation

Deviation has been mentioned in its role for computing TVD.

It is also a major factor in the choice of firing head. Pressure
actuated firing systems have no limitation due to deviation.
Mechanically run firing techniques (drop bar, slickline and
wireline) do reach a limit of operation as follows:
a) Deviation above 50° will affect mechanical
operations. It is the point above which
consideration is given to introducing rollers in the
gun string to assist in dropping the gun.
b) 65° is a practical limit for wireline, slickline and
drop bar runs. Check Speed and consistent
descent
c) Dog leg(s) above 65°, rollered weights are
recommended.
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1.1.5.3 Temperature Considerations

Temperature affects many items during a TCP job:

a) Choice of fluids
b) Choice of seals throughout the well
completion/testing equipment
c) Choice of explosives
–Temperature Rating-> no performance loss

–Effect is cumulative

–Temperature ratings: RDX < HMX < HNS

–If Temperature rating is exceeded:

• Loss of performance

• Burn

• Low order or autodetonate

–HMX or RDX < 300°F will not autodetonate

• Above 300°F might burn or autodetonate

Warning

Be sure to verify the temperature ratings of specific

explosive components used in a gun system. You
cannot base a gun system’s rating solely on the type of
explosive; (i.e. RDX, HMX, HNS, etc.) used in the
components. Other materials used in the component
may have a lower rating than the explosive.
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1.1.5.4 Pressure

All TCP jobs require some basic pressure calculations.

Given the formation pressure and the desired
under-balance, Pf -Pu = Pc computes the cushion pressure
and hc = Pc /(fluid density) calculates the vertical height of
the column in the tubing. TCP jobs that utilize pressure
actuated firing heads will require additional calculations to
establish the operating range, Pmin < P < Pmax, in which the
head will fire. Pressures also establish major limits; eg,
casing and tubing pressure ratings and those that the
packer and DST string can withstand both absolute and
differential.
The ability to transmit pressure must be considered,
particularly if heavyweight, high-gel muds are involved.
Other aspects of the perforating operation will be influenced
by pressure. For instance, choice of wellhead equipment,
flow head and possibly riser will all hinge on considerations
of pressure. There may be limitations imposed by this
equipment on choice of firing head; ie, surface pressure
that can be applied to the tubing or casing.
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1.1.6 Formation Characteristics

1.1.6.1 Formation Competence

The type of formation will definitely influence the completion

choice, either
a) Natural
b) Stimulated
c) Sand Control (Gravel Pack).
The type of formation will guide the type of shaped charge
to be selected. Establish whether or not the formation is
consolidated and whether a deep penetrating charge or a
big-hole charge is required.
If the well flows sand, it may cause mechanical problems
(pipe erosion, surface manifold plugging) and even stick the
gun string. With such likelihood, a gun drop may be run as a
precautionary measure (acting as a weak point), in case the
gun string becomes sanded in.

1.1.6.2 Formation Fluid

Formation fluid influence should also be reviewed at the job

planning stage, particularly:
a) Fluid type
b) Flow rate
The type of fluid that is expected should be determined. If it
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is either liquid or gas, it will affect the under-balance

decision (see the “Under-balance” section).
Additional care and preparation will be required if the
formation fluid contains H2S or CO2.
a) H2S embrittlement affects pressure vessels as
well as wireline and slickline.
b) Extended exposure to CO2 will swell and soften
the O-rings.

1.1.6.3 Formation Pressure

The flow rate of the formation fluid will definitely affect the
choice of slickline or wireline operations. Do not use a firing
head run on a slickline or wireline when the expected well
initial spurt rate is high. The spurt rate can be many times
the stabilised flow rate.
Formation pressure governs major aspects of well drilling
(mud weight) and completion (pressure ratings of string and
well head). For TCP operations, this parameter is critical
because it is the basis from which other pressures are set.
The client may not have a firm figure for the formation
pressure, but should have one just prior to the job or at
least establish the best approximation. This situation
requires frequent updating of the pressure calculations and,
in particular, final agreement at the wellsite prior to the job.
Formation permeability is a factor in selecting proper
under-balance.
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1.1.6.4 Completion

The type of completion generally governs the type of

perforator to be used as follows:
a) Natural completion means using deep
penetrating charges. Charge performance will
often be selected based on skin. Production rate,
fluid type, viscosity and fractures/laminations
influence shots per foot (SPF).
b) Stimulated completion may be acid applied to
the natural completion. It may be a hydraulic
fracturing, in which case the deep penetrator will
be shot with a limited number of entry holes.
c) Sand control completion usually means using
big-hole perforations. The larger entrance hole
reduces the velocity of the fluid flow in the
perforation and is therefore intended to limit the
flow of sand into the well.
The following table shows which perforating parameters are
important based on completion objectives. The ratings are
based on 1 as the highest order of importance and 4 as the
lowest.
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Completion Sand
Natural Stimulated Remedial
Objectives Control
Consolid Consolidat Unconsolid
Parameter Damaged
ated ed ated
Effective Shot
1 1 2 2
Density
Perforation
4 2 1 4
Diameter
Perforation
3 3 3 3
Phasing
Perforation
2 4 4 1
Length

1.1.6.5 Fluids

The density of the fluids in the well will affect the various
hydrostatic pressures. Consequently, any changes will
affect pressure calculations. Follow this from the job
planning stage right to the wellsite to be able to update
calculations as needed. Fluid densities can vary within a
fluid column so be sure fluids are well mixed.

1.1.6.6 Debris

Completion fluids free of micronic particles can play a

significant role in the success of a well. Clean fluids are
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imperative for TCP and DST jobs. Solids settling out can
affect some TCP operations (eg, drop bars or positioning
tools). Discuss with the customer how clean the pipes need
to be. Check for scale or cement. Sand can damage some
equipment (eg, packings). Look from the source of fluids
pumped (tanks, pumps) through chicksans and pipes to the
well. Establish a procedure for rabbiting the pipe and
applying dope Flex pipes before rabbitting them if they are
suspected of having a thin internal coating of, for example,
cement.

1.1.6.7 Tubulars

Careful consideration should be given to the tubulars that

will be run in the well; both casing and tubing strings, fittings
and restrictions.
1. A good well sketch is an excellent way to approach this,
with tubular size, weight, grade and depth. The depth of
fittings and restrictions plus their ID and OD must also
be listed.
2. Minimum string ID will affect gun release selection.
3. Casing data determine packer and gun size.
4. Tubing data determine slickline, wireline and drop bar
tool sizes.
5. Gun OD together with casing ID affects fishing. Fishing
equipment is a point worth reviewing in the planning
phase. Review the gun size chart. Check the
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dimensions of other equipment that may be above the

gun string.
6. Pressure rating of tubulars, as set by the customer is
another important aspect for pressure calculations
because it sets the upper limit for pressure operated
tools. Squeeze perforations can affect the maximum
pressure applied to the casing. In such a case, the
rating of the squeezed perforations will be the upper
limit for pressure operated tools instead of the casing
pressure rating.
7. Whether the tubing will be open or closed is an
important point affecting the choice of accessories and
firing methods. If a ported sub or a production valve is
chosen be aware that this accessory will usually govern
much of the string design and the TCP/testing
operation.

1.1.7 Test Requirements

Test requirements produce a number of items that may

involve a third party; a completion or testing company. Get
to know and discuss the job with this group during the
job-planning phase. Work with them between the first and
second job-planning meeting. They may well be present
during the second meeting.
Things to note at this stage of the job planning are:
1. Type and duration of test
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2. Number of tests to be run

3. With DST equipment it is very important to check that
the reversing valves and sampler valves are set well
above the pressure required to fire the guns. The shock
of firing can cause premature actuation of these valves
if shear pins are used. Also, review whether these
valves are tubing or annulus pressure operated.
4. Service company (connections, X-over, threads)
5. String ID, OD, operating pressures and restrictions
6. Tubing/casing/packer tests - stimulation/under-balance
7. Gun drop requirements
8. Is the rat hole long enough?
9. Whether client wants to fish the gun subsequently
10. Time when guns will be fired. This is paramount in
determining the duration of the overall operation and
election of the explosive type.
a. What is the worst case?
b. What to do if limits are exceeded?
11. The packer is an important part of a TCP job.
Understanding how the packer operates is vital. The
client is often very familiar with a certain packer brand
and requests to use CNLC TCP equipment with it.
Points to review at this stage:
a. Retrievable or permanent packer?
b. Manufacturer, size, type, ID, top and bottom
connection.
c. Guns run below or through packer.
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d. Packer conversion kit make up?

e. Crossovers needed?
f. Mechanically or hydraulically set?
g. Mechanically set under weight.
h. Plug or ball dropped to pressure up and set
hydraulic packer.
i. Bypass for sting-through. It is vital to have a reliable
bypass valve with a hydraulic firing head when
stabbing into a seal box assembly otherwise the
firing head might be activated at this time.
j. Spacing out the seal assembly will affect the gun
correct depth position. Seal assembly can be as
long as 60-ft.
k. Packer and TCP gun assembly wireline set? Watch
for excessive weight on cable/weak point.
l. Many varied operations involving the packer can
definitely trigger pressure operated firing heads. Be
on the lookout for these. Check the firing head
manuals for details of what operations affect firing
heads.

1.1.8 Under-balance Operational

Considerations

The under-balance is defined as:

Pf - Pu = Pc
Where
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Pf = formation pressure
Pc = cushion pressure at moment of firing
The client often selects the under-balance pressure based
on his own requirements/feelings. The specialist must
review how these under-balance conditions will affect the
TCP operations:
1. Extreme under-balance will cause problems for packers
because of high differentials that lead to general
equipment failure.
2. Abrupt surges can cause strong drag on slickline or
wireline in the hole.
3. Under-balances that sometimes result in very small rat
hole pressure could affect the firing head operation
(review the minimum operating pressures in the Firing
Head manual).
4. Large spacer intervals can cause large variations and
consequently excessive drawdowns.
5. Once the under-balance has been selected, the
cushion pressure may be automatically derived.
6. How this cushion will be placed strongly influences the
TCP completion in the following ways:
a. By circulating a lighter weight fluid. This requires an
open string or a way to open it, using a packer
bypass for example, or a tubing pressure operated
re-closable circulating valve.
b. By partially filling the string as it is run in. Here for
example, a production valve requires a closed
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string.
c. Swabbing after the packer is set
d. Gas lifting
e. Displacing fluid with nitrogen or lifting using coiled
tubing.

1.1.9 Determining the Optimum

Under-Balance

Very often the knowledge of the appropriate amount of

under-balance has been derived from field experience and
extrapolated with a little common sense.
Important considerations are:
1. Formation fluid type (liquid or gas)
2. Formation fluid viscosity
3. Formation permeability
The above parameters control the well deliverability at the
moment of firing (or spurt rate), which is of paramount
importance in the clean up process.

1.1.9.1 General Guidelines

1. Upper limitations:
a. Formation mechanical strength
b. Completion mechanical integrity
c. For all practical purposes, under-balance should be
kept below 5,000 psi
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2. Lower limitations:
a. Very unconsolidated formations may produce
particles with an under-balance as low as 50 psi.
b. Under-balance should provide an influx strong
enough to dislodge, by friction, unwanted fluids and
loose particles; ie, to be above the capillary
pressures as a minimum.
c. For all practical purposes, under-balance should be
kept above 200 psi.

1.1.9.2 Practical Guidelines

1. Oil-bearing formations:
a. Unconsolidated sands to be gravel packed: 400 to
750 psi
b. Consolidated sandstones: 1000 to 2500 psi.
2. Gas-bearing formations:
a. High permeability sands: 1000 to 2000 psi
b. Tight sandstones: 2000 to 4000 psi.
3. The lower the permeability of the zone to be perforated,
the higher the under-balance should be.
a. In oil-bearing formations, TCP is mostly effective
above 10 mD.
b. In gas-bearing formations, TCP is mostly effective
above 1 mD.
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1.1.10 Loading Shop Rules

1. Only authorized personnel may be in the loading shop

at any time.

2. Visiting are forbidden in the loading shop.

3. Good housekeeping is essential. Plastic containers

must be used for trash. Do not use metal trash
containers. Oily rags must be kept in a separate
covered container outside the loading shop, not in the
loading shop. Trash containers must be emptied daily.

4. Keep the shop floor and loading area clean. Sweep the
floor and loading area every day and wash the area as
needed. Clean the loading area between jobs.

5. No smoking, welding, or open flames are permitted in

the loading shop.

6. Explosives and No Smoking signs must be

prominently displayed.

7. No electrical outlets or electrical tools are permitted in

the loading shop

8. A qualified person must always be in charge of

explosives and magazines in which explosives are
stored.

9. Lock all storage magazines when not in actual use.

10. Treat explosives with respect. Do not throw packages

or handle explosive roughly.
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11. Do not open or repack explosive packages with tools

made of sparking metal.

12. Do not open explosive packages inside magazines.

13. Do not dispose of empty shaped charge containers

and packaging materials without first Making sure the
boxes are empty. Spray painting over any reference to
explosives with a solid black enamel paint. Crushing
the boxes and disposing of them in the normal trash.

Note
Old explosive boxes are not to be burned.

14. Detonators must be in a designated area away from

the loading area.

15. Detonators or other explosives must not be carried in

shirt pockets.

16. If a power cartridge or capsule breaks during loading,

flush the chamber with water to remove all powder.

17. Keep a constant watch for broken or defective

packages.

18. Do not leave explosives on the bench. Place excess

explosives in storage.

19. Remove only enough explosives from a magazine for

immediate use.

20. Never use a steam cleaner on a loaded or partially

loaded gun.
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21. Use only manual or air-operated tools for gun

maintenance. Never use electrically powered tools.

22. NEVER USE A HAMMER OR MALLET to load a gun.

Use only CNLC-approved loading tools.

23. No flammable or combustible materials are permitted

in the loading shop area. Flammable or combustible
material storage must be set up at least 50 ft from any
loaded explosive devices and/or magazines.

24. To cut detonating cord, use only a razor blade and a

block of wood (or plastic) or cutting fixture.
25. Use only an approved CNLC Safety Meter or CNLC
Safety Multimeter.

Warning

Never use a standard SIMPSON or similar VOM in the

loading shop or on any explosive equipment.

26. Store loaded-carrier shaped charge guns on racks in

the loading shop or in a storage pit. A handling cap,
plug, or other closure shall be installed in the ends of
the gun during handling and storage. The closure must
have a pressure relief feature built inside the gun in
case of excess heat or fire. (Typically, the pressure
relief feature is a plastic plug in the handling cap or
plug. Remember, secondary high explosives can
self-detonate if heated sufficiently in a pressure tight
container.)
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Preparation at Base

27. Expendable (exposed) guns assembled in advance

must be kept in an underground storage pit, or they
must be placed in a protective tube that covers the
entire gun to prevent detonation from mishandling,
impact, etc. and stored in the loading shop.

1.2 Gun Loading

Gun Loading Procedures (5” Hollow Steel Carrier
Guns)
After the TCP configuration has been made by the engineer,
the operator can start to load the perforation guns in the
base, however, in some locations, the client does ask to
load the guns at the well site due to the local security
requirement.

Step 1: According to the gun

configuration, take
appropriate number of
charges, boosters and
length of detonating cord
for the gun loading use. Prepare the proper hand
tools and put the needed accessories such as gun
kits, O-rings, bull plugs, tandem subs, and top fire
sub on side. Put one first gun on the assembling
stands.
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Preparation at Base

Step 2: Remove the plastic thread

protectors at both sides of
the gun.

Step 3: Use one piece of rag to

clean the sealing surface. If
there is any rust on it, use
sand paper to polish it,
make sure there is no any
fleck after polishing.

Step 4: Remove the locking screws

that hold the charge carrier
at both sides.

Step 5: Pull out the charge carrier.

Clean the internal surface
of the gun carrier.
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Preparation at Base

Step 6: Place the charge carrier on an appropriate rack or

loading table for loading.
It’s compulsive to use
stands with rubber
covered bearing. Check
the gun kit to insure it is
complete.

Step 7: Take one roll of detonating

cord and put it through the
hole of top first charge,
leave approximately 30cm
length of on the top and
secure it by putting one
anti-move tube, cut the detonating cord at bottom
side considering the extra length caused by cord
wrapping around the carrier, wrap some black tape
to help fixing and protect the detonating cord in the
first charge hole place.

Step 8: Get one charge and put it

into the first charge hole,
Make sure that the
detonating cord is aligned
so that it will easily
accommodate the next charge to be loaded.
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Preparation at Base

Step 9: Lock the charge with

special tool.

Step 10: Then secure the

detonating cord with the
charge by bending the
locking bin at the charge
bottom, using rubber
hammer only.

Step 11: Repeat the above steps

until the last charge to be
loaded, making sure
detonating cord is in
place at each charge.
Cut the detonating cord with a knife and leave
about 0.3m extra length out of the bottom end.

Step 12: Put the detonating cord

through the hole of the
last charge.
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Preparation at Base

Step 13: Wrap some tape to

protect the detonating
cord, and then load the
last charge.

Step 14: Use the clamp pliers to

put the anti-move tube
on the bottom end.

Step 15: Insert the loaded charge carrier into the gun body.
Visually check again
the alignment of the
charges, scallops and
locking pins to insure
all the charges have
been loaded and secured properly in place.

Step 16: Rotate the charge carrier to be in the locking

position; the locking
screw in the carrier is
aligned to the locking
slot in the gun body.
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Preparation at Base

Step 17: Thread set screws into the slots on both ends of
gun body.

Step 18: Use a ruler and a knife to cut proper length

detonating cord on
bottom sides.

Warning
Different type guns should use different ruler or use
different marker line on the same ruler. The ruler
should always be made by aluminum or copper
material (no iron material).

Step 19: Put a booster on the bottom end by using the

clamp pliers, ensure that
the detonating cord is
pushed tightly inside the
booster and leave no gap
after clamping.
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Preparation at Base

Step 20: Install right size O-rings

(2-233 and 2-346) on the
tandem subs and the bull
plug (for bottom gun only)
and lubricate them with
grease.

Step 21: Install the tandem sub on

the bottom of the gun;
tighten it with a pipe
wrench.

Step 22: Push the charge carrier

on the top with one piece
of wood to ensure the
charge carrier bottom is
securely contacted with
the tandem sub. Insert the rubber centralizer on
the tandem sub to centralize the booster; the
distance from the booster to the end surface of
the tandem sub should not be more than 5mm.
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Preparation at Base

Step 23: Use the ruler and a knife

to cut proper length
detonating cord on the
top end. And put a
booster on the detonating
cord end. Refer to step 17 & 18.

Step 24: Install the tandem sub on

the top of the gun and
tighten it, insert rubber
centralizer into the
tandem sub.

Step 25: Check the position of the booster; the distance

from the booster to the
inner surface of the
tandem sub should not
be more than 5mm.

Step 26: Put the thread protectors

on the tandem subs.
Check the O-rings are in
the place of the thread
protectors.
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Preparation at Base

Step 27: Mark the loaded guns on the body of the gun for
later reference. The following information must
be included, well name, gun sequence No.,
quantity of charges, quantity of blanks, locations
of the charges (top or bottom), charge type,
locate the loaded guns in safe place.

Note
Gun sequence No. is preferred from bottom to top.

1.3 Appendix 1- TCP String

APP+TCP TOOL STRING(DST -1)

CUSTOMER DATE

WELL NAME PERFORATIONS

TEST No CNLC ENGINEER

Depth
OD ID Length Top Bottom Supplied
Top
(in) (in) (m) Connection Connection by
of (m)

SURFACE TEST TREE

CROSSOVER

CROSSOVER

3-1/2" TUBING

CROSSOVER

RD. CIR.VALVE

CROSSOVER

R/A TOP SUB

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Preparation at Base

RADIOACTIVE SUB

3-1/2" TUBING

CROSSOVER

LPR-N TESTER
VALVE

INSTREAM BUNDLE

CARRIER

RD SAMPLER

RD SAMPLER

HYDRAULIC BYPASS

BIG JOHN JAR

SAFETY JOINT

7" RTTS PACKER

CROSSOVER

VERTICAL SHOCK
ABSORBER

TUBING

PERFORATED PIPE

FIRING HEAD

SAFETY GUN

TCP GUN

PORTED BULL PLUG

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Mobilization

(This page is blank)

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Mobilization

Chapter 2 Mobilization
Descriptions

Scope
After completed the preparation of the equipments, the
logging crew are ready to transport them to wellsite. The
section describes all requirements for TCP tools
transportation.

Post and Responsibility

POST
STEP
Engineer Senior Operator Operator

Pre-Trip Safety Meeting ● ○ ○

Mobilization To Wellsite ○ ● ○
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Mobilization

2.1 Pre-Trip Safety Meeting

Step1: Fill the <Single Well Planning HSE form> and
<Job Safety Analysis form>.

Step2: The safety control point for traveling and

transportation.

Step3: Fill <Base Pre-job Safety Review record form>.

Step4: Arrange the driver fill <Unit Pre-job Checklist>.

Step5: Ready the needed QHSE record form, such as

<Well Reference Data Sheet>, <Wellsite
Operations Checklist>, <Wellsite Pre-job QHSE
Meeting Record>, <Winchman’s Data Sheet>,
<Wellsite Performance Evaluation Sheet>, etc.

2.2 Mobilization To Wellsite

Step 1: TCP engineer and operators shall identify the job
risks according to the job HSE plan, confirm the
route to wellsite and brief the emergency
response plan. 《Base Pre-job Safety Review》
shall be filled up by the engineer.

Step 2: QHSE meeting should be taken and recorded.

Step 3: Senior operator and operators have to ensure all

necessary tools and equipment ready to
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Mobilization

transport up to the TCP equipment checklist.

Step 4: Loaded perforating guns may be transported or

shipped with a Private or contract carrier
(Common carriers cannot ship loaded perforating
guns) engaged in oil well operations under the
following conditions:
1) No initiation device may be affixed to or
installed in the guns.
2) Initiation devices carried on the same
vehicle or vessel must be segregated from
the guns, tools, or other supplies.
3) Each shaped charge affixed to the gun may
not contain more than 4 ounces [112 grams]
of explosives.
4) Each shaped charge, if not completely
enclosed in glass or metal (no charge case),
must be fully protected by a metal cover
after installation in the gun.
5) Loaded perforating guns must be securely
held in place during transport and the guns
may not be in contact with other guns or
other articles or materials carried on the
vehicle or vessel.

Normally, as the client request, CNLC Company

should convey the perforating guns and relative
tool from the base to wellsite by its own truck with
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Mobilization

“V” groove in carriage.

Step 5: Before loading the guns to truck, the flowing

issues must be pay attention to:

1) Confirm the equipment weight clearly,

usually the weight of single full loaded
perforating gun, 127mmOD, 16shots per
meter and length 3.32m, is about 150kg.
Three operators can convey the single
loaded perforating gun from the stand to the
special truck with “V” groove. Normally it is
conveyed by forklift to enhance the
efficiency.

2) Confirm the forklift is ready.

3) The driver must keep the permission of

company to drive it.

4) The all employee should with PPE all the

time while working.

5) The all loaded perforating gun with cap are

marked clearly and arrange by the well name
and run number.

6) No initiation device may be affixed to or

installed in the guns.

Step 6: Convey the perforating guns from the stand to

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Mobilization

the truck.

1) Arrange the driver adjust the fork to suitable

position.

2) Two operators load the single gun from stand

to the fork carefully.

3) One operator guides the forklift to the place

of the truck.

4) The drive adjusts the fork to suitable position

to the platform of truck.

5) Two operators help unload the single gun

from the fork to truck platform.

6) Repeat the steps upon 1), 2), 3), 4), 5). Till all
perforating gun finish loading to the truck.

Step 7: Fasten all perforating guns in the truck platform

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Mobilization

by relatively tools.

1) Place all perforating guns in the truck

platform.

2) The bottom of the gun should touch to the

front of board of the truck.

3) The top of the gun should be fastened by

cord with clip.

4) If isolating stow-wood need to be use to fixed

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Mobilization

the guns, set them to suitable place in the

platform of truck.

Step 8: After the senior operators ready all perforating

guns and relatively tools, the engineer
double-check them up to TCP equipment
checklist.

Step 9: The senior operator identifies the job risks,

confirms the route to wellsite and briefs the
emergency response plan before departure to
wellsite.

Step 10: The following procedure about the vehicle should

be followed, the engineer and/or the senior
operator should do as following:
1) Supervise the truck driver to carry out a

“POWERS” check before driving.

2) Escort in transportation.

3) Check the “POWERS” every 150-200KM or

before climbing.

4) Check the equipment in firmly fixing.

5) Check the isolating stow-wood not moving or

losing.
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Mobilization

6) Report to HSE coordinator or the engineer

every one-hour.

Note:

POWERS refer to

P: pressure of air in tires.

O: oil level, i.e. engine brake, gear, etc.

W: water level, i.e. radiator, battery, etc.

E: electricity, i.e. Lights/indictors, hazard lights

reverse light, horn etc.

R: rubbers, i.e. of tires, doors and bonnet etc.

S: secure, i.e. passengers fastened seat belt,

cargo safely placed.

Step 11: The driver must follow the company drive speed
limitation as below chart:
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Mobilization

Drive in the speed limitation (km/h).

Logging Unit Jeep and Pickup

No. Road Condition
And minibus Saloon car and Truck

1 Asphalt road 60 80 60

2 Asphalt and sand while raining 40 60 50

3 Sand 60

4 Miriness road 30 40

5 Residence area 15

6 Yard 5

7 General in town 60

8 Special in town 30

Step 12: The TCP engineer is in charged to ensure the

logging crew to reach the wellsite safely. Security
guard may be required to the local authority in
some counties or areas while the logging team is
on the way to wellsite.

Step 13: QHSE meeting should be taken and recorded

before mobilization.

Step 14: The crew should follow the relative emergency

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Mobilization

plan and the team leader should make sure the

emergency plan update regularly.

Step 15: The crew should take satellite phone or radio,

and the people in the crew know how to use the
phone and/or radio and the relative phone
number and the man at the wheel.

Step 16: The crew should take enough water and food on
the way to wellsite.
The driving policy of CNLC and journey
management plan must be followed
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Preparation at Wellsite

Chapter 3 Preparation at Wellsite

Descriptions

Scope
This portion of the article covers the operation preparation
procedure at the wellsite prior to the job start. All the
guidelines for safety concerns are also discussed.

Post and Responsibility

POST
STEP
Engineer Senior Operator Operator

Pre Job Meeting ● ○ ○

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Preparation at Wellsite

3.1 Pre - Job Meeting

Immediately upon arrival at the job site, have a meeting
with the company man and rig crew regarding gun
assembly and arming operations.
Be sure that all the following personnel should be involved:
Customer, Rig crew, CNLC personnel and all other
contractor personnel.
Be sure that the following responsibilities are clearly
understood.
1. CNLC personnel will be on the catwalk or in the
doghouse to install the percussion detonator and on the
rig floor to assemble the gun string with the assistance
of the rig crew.
2. Handling caps and lift subs will be removed or installed
either by or under the direct supervision of CNLC
personnel.
3. The rig crew will pick up the guns from the catwalk and
assemble them in the rotary. Care should be taken not
to drop or handle the guns roughly.
4. The rig crew uses the catline to pick up a gun from the
catwalk. The elevators are then secured around the lift
sub and the catline is removed.
5. All non-essential personnel must leave the rig floor and
catwalk during gun assembly and handling. Equipment
containing explosive devices is being handled and
safety is a paramount consideration.
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Preparation at Wellsite

6. Neither the derrick man nor other rig personnel will be

allowed to work above the rig floor. This will prevent
anything from being dropped on the guns during
assembly.
7. No one will be allowed below the rig floor since
accidental detonation of the gun string while it is
hanging in the rotary will result in the shaped charge
jets penetrating the BOP stack.
8. Be sure that all CNLC explosive safety procedures are
understood and observed. The following procedures
apply specifically to tubing-conveyed operations:
a. Radio silence is necessary only when using
conventional electric detonators.
b. Arming procedures must be suspended during an
imminent threat of large static electricity discharges
such as lightning or dust storms.
c. All personnel not specifically required for gun
assembly and handling must leave the area, as
stated previously.
9. No rig power tongs are to be used on the CNLC
components in the TCP string.
10. No explosive components should be assembled or
disassembled on the rig floor. The firing head should be
armed or disarmed in the doghouse or on the catwalk.
Let the customer know when the expected job will be close
to the time/temperature rating. Recommend a higher
rated explosive train (up to HNS) to provide a better safety
 China National Logging Corporation CNLC/WL/TCPSOP-A0
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Preparation at Wellsite

margin for the duration of the overall operation. Guidelines

for minimum job times are:

DST fixed rig 50 hr

DST on floater and basic permanent completion
100 hr

Special or dual completion 200 hr

The following operational criteria should be got

conformed:

1. Type of guns, depths to be perforated and intervals

2. Expected wellhead pressures
3. Method of firing the guns
4. Time and temperature ratings of the explosives to be
used
5. Method of depth control to be used
6. Any additional services or equipment possibly required
(ie, GR-CCL log, BST setting tool, spare set of guns,
alternative firing system)
7. Rig floor tools required to run the guns and firing head
including; tubing, slips, tongs, pick-up subs, etc.
8. Safe storage of guns and hardware
9. Operating procedures for the firing head.
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Operations

Chapter 4 Operations
Descriptions

Scope
This portion of the article covers the operation procedures
of Tubing Conveyed Perforating. It can be used as the
guidelines when discuss with the drilling people about the
drill pipe pull/torque applying sequence.

Post and Responsibility

POST

STEP Senior
Engineer Operator
Operator

Gun Assembling And Arming ● ○ ○

Assembly Of Mechanical Firing Head ● ○ ○
Rig Tool String ○ ● ○
Depth Control ● ○ ○
Gun Firing ● ○ ○
Torque for Threaded Connections ● ○ ○
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Operations

4.1 Gun Assembling and Arming

The CNLC crew with the rig crew (on the rig floor under
CNLC supervision) performs the following procedures.
Step 1: Modify or adjust the slips according to the OD of
the gun being used.
Step 2: Remove the upper thread protector from the
lowermost gun. Thread in the lift sub

Note
The lift sub should be made from a single piece of steel.
There are some in the field made from a piece of pipe
with the ends just welded on. These should be
replaced.

Step 3: Pick up the gun and lower it into the rotary. Place
the proper size slips around the gun and set the
gun into the slips.
Step 4: Place a safety collar around the gun above the
slips before removing the lift sub.

Caution
Make sure a safety collar is installed before connecting
and disconnecting the guns on rig floor, since it is the
only safety backup in case the slips do not function.

Step 5: After removing the lift sub, immediately thread in

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Operations

a thread protector. The thread protector only

needs to be hand tight since its purpose is to
prevent objects from falling into the gun. Never
leave the upper end of the gun open. A sharp
impact on any of the components could impair
subsequent function of the detonation train, or
worse, cause an accidental detonation.
Step 6: Remove the thread protector from the grooved
tandem sub of the next gun and screw the lift sub
in.

Caution
The lift sub must be securely screwed into the grooved
tandem sub to prevent backing out when tightening
guns.

Step 7: Suspend the gun over the rotary. Remove the

Box protector of the double-pin tandem sub. The
engineer (or specialist) should verify that the
booster is properly located in the double-pin
tandem sub (check the distance).
Step 8: Next, remove the thread protector from the gun in
the slips.

Caution
Do not remove the thread protector from the gun in the
slips until the thread protector on the upper gun is
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Operations

removed.

Step 9: Lower and guide the pin connection at the bottom

of the gun into the box connection in the top of
the gun in the slips. Exercise reasonable care to
avoid unnecessary jolting of one gun against the
other. Alignment of the explosive train will be
automatic and no special tools or procedures are
required.
Step 10: Screw the adaptors together using one man with
a 4-ft extension (cheater bar) attached to the
wrench. This provides adequate torque to make
up the joint (maximum of 1000-ft-lb).

Caution
Do not use rig tongs on the carriers.

Step 11: Lift the guns to release the slips. Remove the
safety collar, then remove the slips and lower the
guns. When the top of the second gun is at a
manageable height, reinstall the slips and safety
collar.
Step 12: Remove the lift sub and install a thread protector.
Repeat as required to assemble the entire gun
string.
Step 13: After the last gun is in place, connect the safety
spacer, in the same manner as the gun carriers.
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Operations

The safety spacer or the blank section in the gun

places the top of the gun string below the rig floor
for personnel safety. This safety precaution must
be followed.

Caution
At this time, double check to make sure no one is in the
substructure area below the rotary table since
accidental detonation of the gun will result in the
shaped charge jets penetrating the BOP stack.

Step 14: At this point, the gun string assembly is complete

and ready for the firing head to be connected.

Bottom of Gun String

1. If a short lower head is to be used on the bottom gun,

remove the thread protector or lower intermediate
adaptor from the carrier. Lubricate threads and O-rings
on the short lower head and install it in the carrier.
2. If a bull plug and transition collar is to be used on the
bottom gun, remove the handling cap from the lower
intermediate adaptor. Lubricate the threads and install
the transition collar and bull plug.
3. If a crossover adaptor is to be used on the bottom gun,
remove the handling cap from the lower intermediate
adaptor. Lubricate the threads and install the crossover
adaptor.
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Operations

Guns/Spacer Subs With Optional Intermediate Connector

All guns and spacer subs that are connected using the
optional intermediate connector must be assembled
horizontally on the catwalk as follows:
1. Remove the handling cap from the bottom of the
intermediate connector/gun or spacer sub assembly.
2. Remove the thread protector from the top end of the
adjoining gun or spacer sub.
3. Carefully thread the intermediate connector assembly
into the adjoining gun or spacer sub until it is snug.
4. The assembly is now ready to be picked up by the rig
crew.

4.2 Assembly of Mechanical Firing

Head
Step1: Visually inspect all
components to make sure
they have not been
damaged during transport
and that O-rings are
installed.
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Operations

Step2: Disassemble firing pin,

clean and change the
O-rings if necessary and
lubricate the connections.

Step3: Disassemble the supporting

sleeve, clean and change
the o-rings if necessary
and lubricate the threads
and O-rings.

Step4: Assemble the supporting

sleeve.

Step5: Assembly firing pin.

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Operations

Step6: Tape the shear pin and the

connection of firing pin and
the support sleeve.

Step7: Connect the firing head

assembly to the pup joint.
Remove the support tube
and the retainer of the firing
adapter

Step8: Install the percussion

detonator on the top of the
support tube. Make sure
the red mark downside.

Step9: Screw the support tube into

the bottom adapter of the
firing head.
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Operations

Step10: Insert the booster

assembly into the
support tube.

Step11: Screw the retainer in until

the booster assembly
cannot move.

Step12: Install the O-rings to the

firing head connection
and lubricate.

Step13: Fill some yellow grease

into the holes in the
supporting sleeve. Attach
the firing head to the pup
joint, which is normally
0.6 meter long. Put on
the protectors and attach the assembly to other
pup joint or tubing. The firing head/pup sub
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Operations

assembly is now ready to be connected to the top

of the gun string. If it is to be temporarily stored,
mark it as loaded with explosive to avoid any
confusion with a normal pup joint.

4.3 Rig Tool String

As the tool string is being handled in the rotary, do not set
the slips until all pipe movement has stopped. When
running into the well, the perforating system is not affected
by tripping speeds. The packer determines how fast to run
into the hole.

Caution
Care should be taken to avoid sudden stops that are
hard on loading tubes and may ultimately result in
misfired guns.

When tagging packers or plugs for positioning the guns,

apply a maximum weight of 10,000 lb to the system.
Position the gun string as planned and set the packer if a
retrievable packer is being used. Set up shot detection
equipment, if requested. The guns can then be fired as
planned.

Recommended Running Sequence

Step1: Verify that the tubing has been thoroughly cleaned.

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Operations

Make sure the tubing or drill pipe is drifted to its drift

diameter when it is picked up. If it does not drift to
the drift diameter, it has scale or cement inside and
will cause problems. Flex the tubing before picking
up the bottom hole assembly.
Step2: Assembly the other TCP tools for the job.
Step3: Make up the gun string in the rotary as per the gun
string chart shows and make sure no one is
working above or below you. During make-up,
make sure dope is applied to the pin end only.
Excessive dope can mix with solids and form a plug
that will be difficult to remove.
Step4: Rig up the firing head assembly and make sure the
No Go has been installed.
Step5: Rig up the other TCP tools like BAPV and gun
release if required as per the TCP string shows.
Step6: Fill the tubing with clean fluid to meet the under
balance requirements.
Step7: Run in hole the guns to the probably perforating
depth.
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Operations

4.4 Depth Control

The method of depth control; ie, positioning the guns with
respect to the interval to be perforated must be determined.
Step1: The best method is to use a wireline gamma
ray/CCL log run through the tubing string. The
gamma ray curve will normally permit accurate
correlation with the original open hole gamma ray
and the cased hole CBL/GR log. The sensitivity of
the curve will be considerably less due to the
presence of the tubing string. An alternative log, if
the gamma ray shows no character, is to use a TDT
and correlate to the open hole resistivity log. The
CCL curve allows identification of components in
the tubing string.
Optimum correlation results are achieved at a very
slow logging speed as low as 1000-ft/hr.
Correlation with the tubing string is made either by
including a radioactive pip tag in the tubing string
that will cause a large gamma ray deflection or by
using the CCL to positively define some part of the
tubing string such as a pup joint, test valve or
packer.
Note
The radioactive pip tag should be checked at the
surface by passing the gamma ray tool through the sub
in which it is installed.
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Operations

It is also possible to install radioactive pip tags in

both the tubing and casing strings.

Step2: Alternative methods of positioning the gun string

are:
a. Stinging into a production packer that has been
accurately set on wireline before the guns were run
in the hole. The only space out procedure required
is to make up sufficient slotted pipe and/or gun
spacers to locate the guns the required distance
below the packer-landing surface.
b. When a retrievable packer is used, the guns can be
located by tagging a known downhole reference
(such as the bottom, or a permanent packer or a
bridge plug) for which there is a known, accurate
depth. After lightly tagging the downhole reference
(10,000 lb maximum), the client measures out of
the hole until the desired gun location is reached.

Note
The client must remember to include in his
measurement the setting stroke of the retrievable
packer, the slip joint(s) and any other similar hardware
in the string.
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Operations

Step3: The least accurate method of positioning the guns

is strapping the tubing while running in the hole.
This method should only be used in combination
with one of the methods mentioned above.

Checks

1. An open hole or cased hole gamma ray log is available

and perforated intervals referred to it.
2. A radioactive marker sub is inserted in the TCP string.
3. The distance from the gun top shot to the sub is
strapped accurately.
4. A through tubing gamma ray tool is used.

Gamma Ray Logging Tool Precautions

1. Check gamma ray logging tool OD versus string ID and

restrictions.
2. Locate radioactive sub above DST valves or any
mechanical (break pin) reversing tool.
3. If there is no DST valve, locate the radioactive sub
above the packer anyway and make sure to advise the
hoistman not to enter the packer assembly with the
gamma ray logging tool (monitoring tool joints with
collar locator).
4. Changing cross section/thickness of DST string alone
causes attenuation of gamma ray values and can make
correlation difficult. In some cases a radioactive marker
in casing may be necessary.
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Operations

5. Be aware of open/close length of tools in DST string.

Gamma Ray Logging Tool Operation

1. Run GR log before the packer is set.

2. Space out and set the packer. Floating rigs create more
difficulty because of landing the test-tree.
3. If space out was significant and pipes have been
removed/added to the string, it is recommended to run
a second GR log.

4.5 Gun Firing

4.5.1 Drop the bar freely

Step1: Prepare the bar, and tighten the telltale.

Step2: Ensure all surface lines are properly lined up to
choke manifold.
Step3: Drop the bar from the surface and time the
running of the bar.

Caution
Only after getting the permission and under the
supervision of the company man the guns can be fired.

Step4: Shot detection equipment (if available) should

hear and record bar departure, passage through
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Operations

any accessories or restrictions in tubing, and

firing of guns.
Step5: If the well is deep or if there is a lot of rig noise,
firing of the guns may not be detected. Detection
may also be difficult if the perforated zone is tight
with no flow.
Step6: If there is no indication of firing, it is mandatory to
fish the bar before another attempt is made to fire
the guns. Do not attempt to drop another bar
before the first one is fished. The second bar will
more than likely get stuck. Verify how the fishing
tool can be released (jarring up or down) before
running in to fish the bar.

Warning
Run in slowly when fishing. If the downward force
required latching on to the bar, or unlatching, is less
than what it takes to remove the obstruction in the
tubing, the bar will drop and the guns will fire. The
slickline tools will be exposed to the incoming well
fluids and can be blown up the hole.

Step7: Arrange a meeting with the company man before

you start fishing to ensure that he is aware of the
various scenarios that can be encountered.
Step8: When you have positive indication that the bar
has been engaged with the fishing equipment,
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Operations

check with the client if he wants to jar down to try

to clear the obstruction and then go down to fire
the guns. Alternatively he may want to try to clear
the obstruction with a Lead Impression Block
(LIB) and then drop the bar again.
Step9: If bar is successfully fished, inspect the telltale to
determine if it made contact with the firing head.
If not, another run can be made with a LIB to
determine if the tubing passage is clear.
Caution
Make sure the diameter of the weight is large enough to
prevent it from passing through the No-go. As a further
precaution, carefully monitor the depth to avoid
possible contact with the firing head.

Step10: If tubing is clear, the bar may be re- armed and

dropped again.

4.5.2 Drop the bar with slickline

Step1: Prior to dropping the bar, install the following:

a. Sufficient riser to cover the bar
b. Shot detection equipment
c. Stuffing box for slickline running of the bar
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Operations

Note
It is preferable to run the bar on slickline, if conditions
allow, as it is beneficial to have control over the
position of the bar. Alternatively, for free fall bar, install
a head catcher with a blanking plug, hose and hand
pump

In some cases, the bar is dropped by hand and then a

valve closed. This is not recommended because if, for
some reason, the valve cannot be closed or does not
hold pressure, you will have a major problem.

Step2: Install the drop bar assembly (with weights) in a

head catcher. Make sure the hydraulic hose and
hand pump are connected and the valve on the
hand pump is open.
Step3: Make up the drop bar/head catcher to the
wellhead assembly and fill with fluid (if required).
Fill the head catcher with grease, including the
bull plug at the top.
Step4: Pressure test at 20% above the expected
wellhead pressure.
Step5: Close the valve on the hand pump and pump the
head catcher open to release the drop bar. Be
aware of free-fall speed of the bar.
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Note
In 2-7/8 in. tubing at low deviations and in clear fluid, an
unrestrained bar will fall at the rate of up to 30-ft/sec. In
2-3/8 in. tubing, the bar will fall slower due to the
smaller passageway.

Warning
In air (dry hole), average speeds could reach 100 to
250-ft/sec. At these speeds, there is a high probability
that impact will result in damage to the fill sub
assembly and possibly the tubing.

If dropping a bar in internally upset tubing (IU), you

must ensure that the OD of the main body of the bar is
large enough to avoid having the tip of the drop bar hit
the internal upset. If not the nose can break off. The
nose will be almost impossible to fish.

Step6: Shot detection equipment (if available) should

hear and record bar departure, passage through
any accessories or restrictions in tubing, and
firing of guns.
Step7: If the well is deep or if there is a lot of rig noise,
firing of the guns may not be detected. Detection
may also be difficult if the perforated zone is tight
with no flow.
Step8: If there is no indication of firing, it is mandatory to
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Operations

fish the bar before another attempt is made to fire

the guns. Do not attempt to drop another bar
before the first one is fished. The second bar will
more than likely get stuck. Verify how the fishing
tool can be released (jarring up or down) before
running in to fish the bar.

Warning
Run in slowly when fishing. If the downward force
required latching on to the bar, or unlatching, is less
than what it takes to remove the obstruction in the
tubing, the bar will drop and the guns will fire. The
slickline tools will be exposed to the incoming well
fluids and can be blown up the hole.

Step9: Arrange a meeting with the company man before

you start fishing to ensure that he is aware of the
various scenarios that can be encountered.
Step10: When you have positive indication that the bar
has been engaged with the fishing equipment,
check with the client if he wants to jar down to try
to clear the obstruction and then go down to fire
the guns. Alternatively he may want to try to clear
the obstruction with a Lead Impression Block
(LIB) and then drop the bar again.
Step11: If bar is successfully fished, inspect the telltale to
determine if it made contact with the firing head.
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Operations

If not, another run can be made with a LIB to

determine if the tubing passage is clear.

Caution
Make sure the diameter of the weight is large enough to
prevent it from passing through the No-go. As a further
precaution, carefully monitor the depth to avoid
possible contact with the firing head.

Step12: If tubing is clear, the bar may be re- armed and

dropped again.

4.6 Appendix-2 Torque for Threaded

Connections
Minimum Optimum Maximum
Torque Torque Torque

Size/Type -ft-lb -ft-lb -ft-lb

2-3/8 in. EUE 1350 1800 2250

2-7/8 in. EUE 1750 2300 2800
3-1/2 in. EUE 2400 3200 4000

3-1/2 in. IF 6000 7000 10000

3-1/2 in. IF (H2S) 4000 5000 6000

1.842in.- 6 Stub ACME 800 1000 1500
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Remarks
Most rig Martin-Deckers record/indicate pull in pounds, so it
is necessary to multiply the reading by tong length in feet.
Some French rigs have Martin-Deckers calibrated in kilos.
Beware. 3-1/2-in. IF (H2S) connections are of a softer
material, so they require less torque to prevent damage.
Remember that if a tapered connection is made up with a
4-ft chain-tong, it will be necessary to add a 3-ft long
cheater to break.
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Post Job Wellsite Procedure

Chapter 5 Post Job Wellsite

Procedure
Descriptions

Scope
This portion of the article describes the works to be done

after the crew finished the job and come back.

Post and Responsibility

POST
STEP
Engineer Senior Operator Operator

Gun Retrieval Procedure ● ○ ○

Emergency Resopnse ● ○ ○
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5.1 Gun Retrieval Procedure

There are safety procedures specific to each
firing head system as follows:
If a mechanical firing head is used, the following
precautions apply before retrieving the guns:
If a definite indication of firing was recorded (shots heard at
the surface, firing recorded on shot detection equipment or
zone is gaining or losing fluid), it is recommended but not
essential to fish the bar before bringing the guns back to the
surface. Remember, false gun firing indications could come
from old perforations, leaking S plug, cement plug, trapped
pressure in rat hole simulating a new flow or a vent valve
opening giving a hydraulic shock. Also, a drop bar impact in
dry tubing can be mistaken for a gun firing.
If there is any possible doubt that the gun has not fired, it is
mandatory to fish the drop bar. See the Emergency
Response section for details.
The bar should be fished before moving the string or
unseating the packer.
The brass telltale on the bar nose will indicate successful
impact with firing head.
If a differential pressure firing head is used, immediately try
to insert the safety pin when the firing head is above the rig
floor.
If an electrical detonator is used, do not pull the gun string
above 200-ft (70 m) below ground level or 200-ft (70 m)
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below the seabed if a thunderstorm threatens to arrive on

location.

The remaining safety procedures apply to all

operations, regardless of the type of firing
head used.
Clear all personnel from under or above the rig floor and all
unnecessary personnel from the rig floor itself.
When the top of the second gun is at a manageable height,
reinstall the slips and safety collar. Pull the gun string up far
enough so the gun adaptor is above the rig floor. Set the
slips and the safety clamp on the spacer sub.
Insert the wellhead safety plate into the grooved tandem
sub.

Warning
Do not pull the guns above the rig floor until the
pressure has been bled and the gun adaptor has been
removed from the gun string. Always assume the gun
string contains high internal pressure and that it
contains live explosives until proven safe. If the firing
head adapter with bleeding valve is being used,
following the step of 2.3, otherwise go directly to step
2.4.

In all cases, be aware that the firing head and guns may
contain pressure. Therefore, wear protective goggles and
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Post Job Wellsite Procedure

slowly loosen the pressure vent stud on the adaptor before

loosening any connections. Exercise care since there may
be pressure trapped in the adaptor. Trapped fluids can
escape through the side vent hole.
Suspect that there may be trapped pressure in any
connection that is inexplicably hard to undo. Never stand in
line with a connection that is being loosened.
Begin the gun string disassembly by disconnecting the
firing head. Carefully remove the firing head from the safety
spacer, be care of the possible trapped pressure inside the
safety spacer while disconnecting. Inspect the firing head
from below or the safety spacer from the top for unfired
booster assembly or booster. Install thread protectors on
both the gun adaptor and the firing head and lower the firing
head assembly to the catwalk.
If the firing head fired, continue disassembly of the gun
string according to the procedures below. If the firing head
did not fire, try to find the reason of failing to fire and then
continue disassembly of the gun string as per the
instructions.
Prior to disconnecting the guns, inspect the gun first:
For normally fired guns: Prior to disconnecting a normally
fired gun, make absolutely sure there is no pressure
trapped inside. Using a bent rod, verify that perforation
holes in the gun are not plugged. Wear protective goggles,
stand to one side of the hole being verified and clear the
area of unnecessary personnel. Even though pressure has
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been bled off at the top of the gun string, guns further down
the string may still contain trapped pressure. Proceed with
disassembly only after the possibility of trapped pressure
has been eliminated.
For misfired or unfired guns: Be particularly careful when
disconnecting misfired or unfired guns. Always assume
they contain high pressure from explosive gases or from
downhole well pressure. Both of these are extremely
dangerous. Disassemble misfired or unfired guns per
instructions in next section.

Warning
Exercise extreme care when disarming the firing head
with a dry hole firing pin. Accidental impact on the
release sleeve can result in detonation and severe
bodily injury.

Install a lift sub in the safety spacer and thread protector on

the firing head.
Rig down the firing head assembly.
Lift the guns to release the slips. Remove the safety plate
and safety collar, then remove the slips and pull up the guns.
When the top of the next gun is at a manageable height,
reinstall the slips and safety collar.
Disconnect the safety spacer.
Install a metal thread protector on the double-pin tandem
sub of the safety spacer.
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Rig down the safety spacer.

Repeat steps 2.9 through 2.14 until the complete string is
disassembled.
Guns and spacers that have been exposed to
hydrocarbons can build up internal pressure because of
degassing when stored. Exercise care in opening thread
protectors.
Store explosives in the explosive remnant box.

Caution
Carefully check for trapped pressure (as above) before
disconnecting the two components on the catwalk.

5.2 Emergency Response

5.2.1 Mechanical Firing Head Misfire
Procedure
Unless a positive indication is received that the guns have
fired by either sound/pipe vibration or by a pressure
increase/decrease it will have to be assumed that the gun
did not fire.
In this instance EVERY attempt must be made to retrieve
the drop bar before moving the downhole assembly. The
drop bar could be bridged above the firing head and moving
the pipe could dislodge the bar and cause the gun to fire off
depth. In extreme cases this could occur at the surface. If it
is determined that the drop bar cannot be retrieved, the
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Post Job Wellsite Procedure

engineer must contact the project manager before

proceeding.

5.2.2 Failure Handling

A TCP job, by its nature, has a very high profile and if any
problems are experienced they can very quickly turn into a
fiasco. It is very important for the TCP specialist and the
rest of the CNLC personnel on the wellsite to act in a
responsible way in the event of any problems. Likewise, the
CNLC personnel at the office must handle a TCP problem
with care and not jump to any conclusions. Do not
speculate on a problem’s cause before all the facts are
clear.
If there is no indication of the guns firing after the first
attempt, don’t panic. Guns do not always fire on the first
attempt. Some of the reasons for this follow with the
corrective action to be taken in parentheses.

Debris on the firing head (check the telltale)

Bar hung up in pipe (fish bar)

Bar traveling too slow at the head (increase bar
weight)

DST valve not opened (run dummy run)

Shear pins not sheared (increase pressure if possible)

Tight formation (check bubble bucket and fluid level in
pipe)
It is a good idea to keep your manager informed as best as
possible on your progress. This will prepare the manager
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Post Job Wellsite Procedure

for discussions with the client in town.

After every attempt has been made to fire the guns and
there is nothing else that can be done (such as bailing out
debris or checking for open valves), the guns must be
pulled or dropped off. If at all possible try to get the guns
pulled so the reason for the misfire can be determined. This
is very important and most clients understand that problems
must be diagnosed completely to ensure they cannot occur
again.
Once the equipment is at surface, it should be easy to
ascertain if the problem is in the firing head or the gun
system. Try to keep all the problem pieces together and put
them aside somewhere while you continue to rig down or
run new guns. If a system is to be re-run, it would be a good
idea to understand what the failure was before going back
into the hole.
During the evaluation of the problem, it is very important to
get all of the pertinent information written down, such as:

Types of explosives used

Serial or identification numbers of the equipment used

Any observations as equipment components are being
disassembled
Try to establish the cause of the problem and write it down.
Take photographs, make sketches and do anything else
that will help to make an explanation of the problem clear.
Keep all of the relevant equipment for future reference and
to show to others that may be able to help determine the
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Post Job Wellsite Procedure

cause of failure. Make sure all observations and corrective

actions are communicated as quickly as possible to prevent
recurrence of the problem.
The following procedures should be taken in the field to
hand the failure:
Step 1: Clear the rig floor.
Step 2: Remove the firing head from the borehole
assembly
Step 3: Carefully disassemble the firing head
Step 4: Carefully inspect the firing mechanism to
determine the cause of the misfire and keep all of
the components for subsequent inspection back
at the CNLC base.
Step 5: Contact Project manager to discuss failure and to
plan remedial action.

5.2.3 Disassembly of Misfired or Unfired Gun

If the gun carrier is not involved in a failure analysis,
proceed with disassembly. Constantly be prepared for
potential trapped pressure and wear protective clothing as
required.
Step 1: Place the body of the gun carrier in a vice to hold
it down.
Step 2: Clear the area.
Step 3: Remove the upper handling plug first. If there is
any unusual tightness, assume that there is
trapped pressure.
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Step 4: Remove the lower handling cap. If there is any

unusual tightness, assume that there is trapped
pressure.
Step 5: Remove the double-pin tandem sub. If there is
any unusual tightness, assume that there is
trapped pressure.
Step 6: Adjust the position of the gun carrier in the vice, if
necessary, to remove the grooved tandem sub.
Step 7: Remove grooved tandem sub. If there is any
unusual tightness, assume that there is trapped
pressure.
Step 8: Remove the explosive components from the gun
carrier.
Step 9: Push the loading tube assembly out of the gun
carrier from the bottom end until the upper
alignment plate clears the upper end of the
carrier.

Caution
Do not push on the booster or transfer components,
but rather on the lower alignment plate.

Step 10: Pull the remainder of the loading tube out of the
carrier from the upper end.
Step 11: Unload the shaped charges from the loading tube
as per the instructions in the individual gun
system loading tube assembly instructions.
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Step 12: When all the shaped charges are removed from
the loading tube, remove the detonating cord
from the loading tube.
Step 13: Store the removed explosives according to the
explosive safety policy. Repackage the shaped
charges in their original boxes. Be sure to include
desiccant in the charge boxes and reseal the
package to prevent moisture from entering.
Step 14: The charge jackets, if available, can be left in the
loading tube, or removed following the steps
listed in the individual gun systems loading tube
assembly instructions.
Step 15: Redress the adaptors and gun carriers.

5.2.4 Drop Bar Retrieval

Step 1: Review all safety procedures.

Step 2: Clear all unnecessary personnel from the
immediate area.
Step 3: Rig up slickline and pressure control equipment.
Step 4: Run in hole with CNLC pulling tool to retrieve
drop bar.
Step 5: Pull bar to surface and remove from the pulling
tool.
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Note
While attempting to retrieve drop bar it is possible to
dislodge bar and detonate guns. This operation is to be
done using pressure equipment and following all
safety procedures.
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Demobilization

Chapter 6 Demobilization
Descriptions

Scope
After completed the TCP job, the logging crew are ready to

return to base. The section describes all requirements for

TCP tools transportation.

Post and Responsibility

POST
STEP
Engineer Senior Operator Operator

Demobilization ○ ● ○
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Demobilization

6.1 Demobilization
Step 1: Senior operator makes sure all items (tools and
service tools) are safely & tidily packed.

Step 2: Take particular care to ensure the unused

explosives will not be exposed to mechanical
shocks during transportation.

Step 3: Senior operator checks the vehicle condition

before leaving wellsite.

Step 4: The crew cleans up all waste materials around

the working area. Include the perforated guns.

Step 5: The TCP engineer is in charged to ensure the

logging crew to leave the wellsite safely. Security
guard may be required to the local authority in
some counties or areas while the logging team is
on the way to base.

Step 6: The driving policy of CNLC and journey

management plan must be followed.

All the steps are close to mobilization. Please

refer to CNLC/WL/TCPSOP-Chapter 2.
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Demobilization

Number of
Modify
Modification Amender Date Approver Date
Modify Record

No.
Notify Form