Jurnal Pertanian Tropik ISSN NO: 2356- 4725/p- ISSN : 2655-7576

Vol.8.No.1. 2021 (13) 92 -97 DOI: 10.32734/jpt.v8i2, August.6548

Rice Ratoon Physiology: Effectiveness of Application N P K and Dolomite on Lowland Paddy

Syahrullah1*, Aprilia Triasni2, dan Tenri Sau2
1
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Puangrimaggalatung University
2
Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Puangrimaggalatung University
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Yield of ratoon rice technology has the potential to match the production of the main crop or the yield
of the first crop. As a result of continuous chemical fertilization, the paddy soil becomes acidic. This
study aims to obtain information on the effectiveness of neutralizing soil pH and fertilizing nutrients
N, P and K in increasing the yield of ratoon rice. The design used was a randomized block design
with one factor, namely fertilization, there were 7 types of fertilization treatment for rice plants,
namely N (p1), P (p2), K (p3), N + Neutral (p1 Neutral), P + Neutral (Rice Ratoon Physiology:
Effectiveness of application N P K and Dolomite On Lowland paddyNeutral), K + Neutral (p3
Neutral) and NPK + Neutral (P4). Observations were made on the growth and production
characteristics of the main and ratoon plants as well as on ratoon roots. The results showed that the
application of nutrients to the soil with a neutral pH had a significant effect on the growth and
production of the main rice plants and ratoons. This study proves that neutralizing soil pH plays an
important role in the effectiveness of fertilizing N, P, and K nutrients that are ready to be absorbed
by ratoon rice plants.
Keyword : ratoon, fertilizer,dolomite,paddy

INTRODUCTION increasing the yield and yield of ratoon rice

components. The interaction of NPK
Production per unit area, ratoon rice fertilization with organic fertilizers can reduce
has the potential to match the main crop the use of chemical fertilizers and increase rice
production, the potential for multiple harvests yields (Nangge et al., 2020). The difference in
with only one planting. Practical, without the time and height of cutting the remaining
tillage. The practice of ratooning rice harvest stump can have a significant effect on
cultivation can save production costs, seed the growth and production of ratoon rice
costs, planting and labor. Another thing, the (Pratama et al., 2018). Intermittent irrigation
significant uniqueness of ratoon rice arrangements or management in ratoon
cultivation innovation is the shorter harvest cultivation provide varying production results
time compared to cultivation starting from (Setiawan et al., 2014). Fertilization with
seeds. various doses of Nitrogen gives an agronomic
However, in terms of cultivation influence response (Wang et al., 2019). Sirait
practices, farmers generally ignore technology, & Adiwirman (2021) assessed that the
because they are not serious and think that interaction between dolomite 5 tons ha-1 with
ratoon rice cannot produce well. Even though NPK fertilization resulted in a good interaction
with good and correct management, ratoon rice and could reduce the proportion of nitrogen
can be cultivated by attracting the attention of leaching and could affect the increase in plant
researchers and the wider community growth.
(Nainggolan et al., 2013). The innovation of However, research on soil conditions
ratoon rice has been widely studied in Asian and analysis on ratoon rice has not been widely
countries and even in Indonesia (Susilawati et produced. One of them is the condition of the
al., 2010). soil acidity level (soil pH). Various studies
Susilawati (2012) suggested that N, P suggest that soil pH is known to be a limiting
and K fertilizers play an important role in factor for uptake nutrition or nutrient

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Jurnal Pertanian Tropik ISSN NO: 2356- 4725/p- ISSN : 2655-7576
Vol.8.No.1. 2021 (13) 92 -97 DOI: 10.32734/jpt.v8i2, August.6548

absorption by plants (Pratama et al., 2018), rice treatment plots with a height of about 20 cm
plants really need macro nutrients (N, P and K) from the soil surface. Fertilizer is given at a
for both vegetative and generative dose (kg ha-1) of 90 N, 45 P2 O5 and 60 K2 O
development, but P and K elements are (200 urea, 150 SP-36 and 100 KCl). Fertilizer
nutrients that are difficult to absorb under was applied twice, i.e. half dose of urea, all
certain conditions, including one at a non- doses of SP-36 and KCl were applied 1-2 days
neutral soil pH. before planting, and the remaining half dose of
The purpose of this study was to obtain urea was given at 40 days after planting
data on the comparison of nutrient uptake of N, (DAT).
P and K between neutral pH soil and non- How to make plant ratoon rice is
neutral pH soil for ratoon rice plants. cutting the stump as high as 20 cm from the
Researchers hypothesize that soil with a soil surface is carried out at the same time as
neutral pH condition can affect the availability harvest. The land was flooded on the 2nd day
of macro nutrients so that they are easily after harvesting the main crop with a height of
absorbed by plants. 3-5 cm. Fertilizer treatment was given on day
5 after harvesting the main crop with three
levels of tested doses. Observations on the
MATERIALS AND METHODS main plants and ratoons included growth and
production characteristics, namely: plant
The research was carried out from June height, number of productive tillers, flowering
to December 2020 in the Wiringpalennae age, number of grain per panicle, number of
village, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi filled grain per panicle, and weight of 1,000
Province, and the Hasanuddin University grains. The weight of 1,000 grains was
Laboratory. The materials used were rice seeds observed by weighing 1,000 grains of pithy
of Cigeulis variety, dolomite lime, inorganic grain with a moisture content of 13-14%. All
fertilizers (urea, SP-36 and KCl), pesticides, these variables were observed in five plant
and plastic sheet fences. The study used a clumps per plot, which were taken diagonally.
randomized complete group design which was In addition, observations were also made on
arranged with 7 treatments of macronutrient the roots of the ratoon plant, which included
fertilizers (kg h-1) p0 = control, p1 = N root length and number of roots. Rooting was
fertilizer, p2 = P fertilizer, p3 = K fertilizer, p4 carried out in the early generative period of the
= N fertilizer + Dolomite, p5 = fertilizer P + ratoon (about 15 days after harvesting the main
Dolomite, p6 = K fertilizer + Dolomite, the crop), and at the time of harvesting the ratoon,
experiment was repeated three times. total by taking two plants per plot. The weight of
experimental units is 21 experimental plots. production per plot was observed by weighing
Soil neutralization was carried out by applying the total grain content with a moisture content
dolomite lime as much as 4 tons ha-1, checking of 14% in one plot.
soil pH every 7 days until it showed a pH meter
of 6.5. Plants were planted on plots measuring RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4 mx 5 m, jajar legowo 2 : 1. Data from all
variables observed for both the main and Optimum Soil Acidity Indices
ratoon crops were analyzed for variance with Dolomite additional doses have
the F test, if there was a treatment that had a siginificant effect and control is the result of
significant effect, it was continued with the checking the experimental plot that is not
Duncan Multiple Range Test ( DMRT) at level given dolomite.
a = 5%. Bunds were made between the

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Jurnal Pertanian Tropik ISSN NO: 2356- 4725/p- ISSN : 2655-7576
Vol.8.No.1. 2021 (13) 92 -97 DOI: 10.32734/jpt.v8i2, August.6548

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Week I Week II Week III Week IV

Soil pH Control

Fig 1. The results of checking soil pH after dolomite application

Vegetative Growth solubility of elements that poison plants.

In vegetative growth, soil pH neutralizing Neutralization of soil pH after a long time of
factor had a significant effect on plant height urea fertilization is considered important
and number of tillers. However, fertilization because, given or the addition of N given in the
factors P and K had no significant effect on form of NH +, the uptake of cations is greater
plant height and number of tillers. Plant height than the anion so that H + will be released from
and the highest number of tillers were treated the roots so that the surface pH will be more
with N + neutral pH fertilization and had no acidic than the soil solution and the addition of
significant effect with N fertilization treatment the dose of N fertilization on non-acidic soil
on soils with a pH not yet neutral. This is an has a significant effect on all variables of plant
indicator that nitrogen uptake at a soil pH of vegetative observations (Widiyawati et al.,
5.5 can still be absorbed by ratoon rice plants. 2014). in the Table 1, it can be seen that there
neutral pH support. are more ratoon tillers than the main plant
The application of N nutrients to the because the shoots on the ratoon are growing
soil increases the character of plant height well, this is due to the presence of a high
because N functions to form protoplasm in response to cutting the main plant against
plants, to multiply and lengthen plant cells, ratoon showed that there was a supply of
including plant stems, thereby increasing plant carbohydrates to the growth area, which
height. Neutral soil pH means suppressing the spurred the release of ratoon shoots.

Table 1. Component plant growth main crops (MC) and ratoon(R)

Plant Height(cm) Number of Tillers
Treatment
MC R MC R
N 110.3a 97.5ab 11.7a 12.5ab
P 105.4b 93.6b 10.5b 11.3b
K 103.5b 89.5b 8.3b 13.2a
N + pH Neutral 113.4a 98.7a 12.8a 13.4a
P + pH Neutral 107.6ab 94.8b 10.7ab 13.1a
K + pH Neutral 103.7b 88.4b 9.3b 10.7b

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Jurnal Pertanian Tropik ISSN NO: 2356- 4725/p- ISSN : 2655-7576
Vol.8.No.1. 2021 (13) 92 -97 DOI: 10.32734/jpt.v8i2, August.6548

Note: MC = main crops, R = ratoon. Figures in the same column followed by the same letter
are not significantly different means to HSD 5% test
Liming is necessary because dolomite results of research by Basuki & Sari (2018),
contains alkaline cations which can help in Effendy et al., (2015) found that among the
increasing the pH of the soil. The increase in things that interfere with plant metabolism is
pH was 24.6% because dolomite in addition to the correlation between micronutrients such as
containing elements of Ca also contains high Fe and low soil pH. So it takes a neutral
elements of Mg. These results are in soil pH to improve nutrient uptake in plants.
accordance with the results of research
conducted by (Wahyudi et al., 2018), which Production Component
reported that the use of Dolomite had a From the observations of the
significant effect in increasing and increasing production yield components, it can be seen in
the level of soil acidity (soil pH), because Table 2. In general, the effect of giving
dolomite contains 30.17% CaO and 16.59% dolomite lime to neutralize soil pH had a
MgO. Dolomite in the soil acts as a substitute significant effect on the observations of the
for cations such as Al3+ which in the soil is amount of filled grain, the number of empty
acidic to the soil. grains, the weight of 1000 seeds and yield
Basuki et al., (2020) also suggested that conversion per hectare on the main and ratoon
the use of dolomite was effective in crops. It was proven at the three levels of
maintaining soil pH compared to kaptan. treatment with dolomite lime so as to produce
Dolomite maintains soil pH for up to 17 a neutral soil pH, which was different from the
months after application. The soil pH value at observation results from the control treatment.
17 months after dolomite application was 6.64; Neutral soil pH is able to optimize the process
while the kaptan treatment had a soil pH of of organic decomposition in the soil by
5.56. The reaction of dolomite in the soil in bacteria so that fertilization of nutrients N, P,
maintaining soil pH is 1.26 times more and K is optimal, the bacterial consortium is
effective than kaptan. In line with research able to reduce 25% of the use of inorganic N
(Sirait & Adiwirman, 2021) that fertilizers from the recommended dose (100 kg
administration of dolomite and NPK can N ha-1) based on effectiveness relative
reduce nitrogen leaching, improve plant agronomy (Widiyawati et al., 2014).
physiology and growth. On the other hand, the

Table 2. Component plant growth main crops (MC) and ratoon(R)

Number of Grain Number of Grain 1000seeds Production Ton
containing per empty (%) Weight (g) Ha-1
Treatment
panicles
MC R MC R MC R MC R
N 121.6 40.7b 23a 43a 51 45b 3.7 1.5
P 130.8 40.6b 14b 35ab 75 71ab 4.1 1.8
K 135.7 38.8b 16b 32b 70 68b 4.0 1.7
N + pH Neutral 130.8 49.7ab 21ab 40ab 57 45b 4.1 1.5
P + pH Neutral 137.4 51.3a 12b 31b 78 77a 4.6 1.9
K + pH Neutral 138.4 50.2ab 15b 36b 70 70ab 4.5 1.7
Remarks: MC = main crops, R = ratoon. Figures in the same column followed by the same letter are
not significantly different means to HSD 5% test

Nutrient Uptake Components of N and P the uptake of N and P nutrients in the main
Table 3 showed us the general the effect of plants and ratoons. however, did not show a
neutralizing soil pH factors is significant on significant difference and tended to absorb
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Jurnal Pertanian Tropik ISSN NO: 2356- 4725/p- ISSN : 2655-7576
Vol.8.No.1. 2021 (13) 92 -97 DOI: 10.32734/jpt.v8i2, August.6548

nutrients from the components of the ratoon with the highest efficiency value is P fertilizer.
plant itself. This is presumably due to increasing soil pH is important for P
differences in the growth and development of fertilization because a neutral soil pH ensures
the main and ratoon plants, ratoons tend to the availability of nutrients that are ready to be
decrease their productivity. absorbed by plants for plant growth and
Fertilizer absorption efficiency means the production processes (Muktamar & Lifia,
percentage between the fertilizer absorbed by 2020).
the plant and the fertilizer applied. Fertilization

Table 3. Components of the main plant nutrient uptake and ratoon

N. Uptake P Uptake
Grain (mg/plant) (g 100 g-1
Treatment
Plant dry weight)
MC R MC R
N 57ab 56ab 0.65c 0.93ab
P 30b 32b 0.96b 0.73b
K 52b 51b 0.87b 0.64b
N + pH Neutral 61a 60a 0.67b 0.54
P + pH Neutral 54b 43b 1.53a 1.22a
K + pH Neutral 53b 42b 0.97ab 0.76b
Remarks: MC = main crops, R = ratoon. Figures in the same column followed by the same letter are
not significantly different means to HSD 5% test

The high production obtained in this production components. Improved farmer

experiment is thought to be due to the management of ratoon rice plants with the
availability of sufficient nutrients for the main application of dolomite can improve the
crop and ratoon to produce assimilate, the physical, chemical and biological properties of
impact of which is that high availability of the soil so that it has a good impact on the
assimilate can increase grain yields for both growth and yield of ratoon rice.
main and ratoon crops. The ability of plants to
produce ratoons is one of them determined by ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
fertilization. The increase in yield and yield
components was due to the increased transfer This research was supported by a grant from
of assimilate into the seeds (Bovairi, et all DRPM Kemenristek – BRIN anggaran tahun
2016) 2020. also don't forget to say many thanks to
LPPM UNIPRIMA campus for their support
this research can be carried out
CONCLUTIONS
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