American Concrete Institute” INSPECTOR WORKBOOK ACI Certification Program for Concrete Construction Special Inspector and Inspector-in-Training Reported by ACI Certification Programs Committee G. Terry Harris Sr., Chairman Ronald Burg Frances T. Geffith Jon |. Mullarky Kenneth Caubble Cecil Jones Roberto A. Nunez Mark A. Cheok Colin Lobo William D. Palmer Terry C. Collins ‘Thomas Malerk Joseph E. Rottman Jean-Francois Dufour Peter M. Maloney John J. Schemmel John W. Nehasil, Staff Liaison Developed by Committee C630 — Construction Inspector Certification Michael C. Jaycox, Chair Voting Members David J. Akers. Morris Huffman Carios Siller Khaled Walid Awad Cecil Jones Eugene Takhiovich H. Mickey Barrett Daniel Damazo Juarez Ronald €. Vaughn Mario Diaz Thomas Materk Carlos C. Videla Donald E. Dixon Jose A. Rangel George R. Wargo Alejandro Duran-Herrera Christopher J. Robinson Bertold E. Weinberg Wiliam F. Rossi Associate Members William T. Atkin Joe! Gothard Jinesh Mehta Vartan Babakhanian Brian H. Green Jorge M. Rivera-Torres Witiam Ciggetakis Frances T. Grifith C.L. Robbins Juan Pablo Covarrubias Meriyn Isaak Raul J. Trevino Alonzo Neil J. Crockett Thomas Johnson Richard E. Van Horn Russell T. Flynn Rita A. Madison Woodward L. Vogt Peter M. Maloney Consulting Members Philip Bruce W. Calvin McCall PUBLICATION CP-20 (08) AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE FARMINGTON HILLS, MICHIGANACI Certification Programs Committee publications are intended for guidance in planning, executing, or preparing for ACI training and examination programs. Reference to these documents shall not be made in the Project Documents. items found in these documents are desired to be par ofthe Project Documents, they should be phrased in mandatory language and incorporated in the Project Documents. The Institute is not responsible for the statements of opinions expressed in its publications. Institute Publications are not able to, nor intended to supplant individual training, responsibily, or judgment of the user, the supplier, of the information presented. Al rights reserved, including rights to reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the ‘making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or mechanical device, printed or written or ‘ral, of recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Editor Shannon M. Hale Seventh Edition Fourth Printing, October 2010 Copyright © 2010 ‘American Concrete Institute PO Box 9094 Farmington Hills, Michigan 48333-9094 Voice (248) 848-3700 + FAX (248) 848-3701INSPECTOR WORKBOOK FOREWORD The field of concrete technology is one of the best established in the construction industry, supported by a vast amount of research and technical data. Proper use ofthis body of knowledge requires individuals who understand and are ualifed to implement the infonnation. An independent rational program for certification of these persons is, ‘an important tool in assessing their skil level The American Concrete Institute (ACI) provides leadership in the industry by administering the ACI Certification Program for Concrete Construction ‘Special Inspectors. ACI's position as an established and independent group of acknowledged concrete ‘experts enables ito effectively operate a nationally- ‘recognized certification program. ‘This program is designed to assure the technical ‘competence of concrete construction special inspection personnel and prevent problems associated with improper replacement, placement, and post placement procedures. The program is also designed to prepare the industry for future mandatory coxtiication. inspectors who upgrade their skills and credentials through ACI training and certification will increase their own opportunities as well as contribute to the advancement of the industry, This Inspector workbook describes the operation of the ACI Concrete Construction Special inspector Certification Program and provides information necessary to pursue ACI certification. The Inspector Reference Package (CP-21) contains this workbook and the technical resource materials from which the written examination is derived. A complete list of these resource materials is included in Appendix A of this workbook. Check the ACI Web site for updated information and/or errataladdendums: www.concrete.org/certification/cert_errata.htmCONTENTS FOREWORD... PROGRAM INFORMATION Purpose and Importance of ACI Certification. Program Overview . Administration Definitions .. Educational Materials.... Preparation for the Exams Certification Examinations. ‘Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), Reexamination .. Appeals on Recertification ... Qualifications and Responsibilities of Examines... Completing the Examinee Application. snsessneannesseerennenenP age 5 COURSE OUTLINE SECTION 1 Role of the Concrete Construction Special Inspector... SECTION 2 Contract Documents... SECTION 3 Materials... SECTION 4 Preplacement Inspection .j.sessesusisennnernnnnesenii SECTION 5 Placement Inspection .rsncconnetneenntnitnnnntsnee SECTION 6 Post Placement Inspection. ..u:ssetnstnennnnnn SECTION 7 Special Systems and Applications ..... APPENDICES Appendix A— Resource Materials Descriptions Appendix B — Conversion Factors & Formulas / Standards Cross Reference. Appendix C — Sample Written Examination Questions... Appendix D — Forms and Instructions «neers ‘Appendix . — Sample Examinee Application...PROGRAM INFORMATION PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF ACI CERTIFICATION ‘Modem canerete construction is a welldevoloped set of technologies. Managers of building projects need to pay maximum attention to quality, safety, andeconomicconsiderations; Concrete Construction Special Inspectors must focus their abilties to meet this need. it is clear that inspectors with proven credentials will have an advantage as the building industry continues to upgrade its standards and reward individuals with proven abiliy, such as those provided by ACI certification. For certfed inspectors, there will kely be more and better opportunities for advancement and increased earings in the industry. Because ACI certification demonstrates that the inspector has shown the ability to pass the ACI examination, current and future employers may consider the certified inspector to be more valuable than a noncertified inspector. ACI-certiied inspectors are able (o represent themselves as conscientious professionals in the fleld of concrete construction. ‘Simply pursuing the distinction of ACI certification can establish an inspector as an individual who is enthusiastic and willing to comply with the demands of quality inspection. Managers realize that employing certified inspectors can translate into important savings in time, money, and aggravation. in the eventofa dispute, accurate rocords kept by tho cortfied inspector are invaluable evidence in arbitration or litigation used to resolve the mattor. Qualified inspectors aro also valued because the resulls of inspection form the basis for the acceptance or rejection of the job. White ACI certification provides benefits now, consider its value for the future. As certification is required in more job specifications, noncerified inspectors will find it dificult to compete. in addition, this program could become a prerequisite for higher level or specialty certifications. Being certified by ACI means being recognized by an independent, international organization of acknowledged concrete experts. ACI standards and reports for concrete design and construction are used around the world, and ACI Inspector certification is based in part on these documents, making ACI certification one of the most direct ways of advancing a career in concrete construction, PROGRAM OVERVIEW Achieving cutlifcation from ACI as a Conerote Construction Special Inspector requires current valid certification as an ACI Concrete Field Testing Technician—Grade 1, meeting education and/or work experience requirements, and passing the ACI inspection writton examination and plans reading written examination. Inspector-in-Training status is granted to examinees who have met the Field Technician prerequisite, passed the inspection and plan reading writen examinations and are in the process of meeting the education/work experience requirements (see Figure 1). Ceriification requires a working knowledge of concrete construction inspection. This working knowledge includes the ability to correctly inspect and record the results of inspection for concrete replacement, placement, and post-placement {iricluding formwork, installation and removal, reinforcements, embedments, sampling and testing of freshly-mixed concrete, conveying, placement, ‘consolidation, finishing, jointing, curing, and protection) ADMINISTRATION The American Conorete institute, through its Certification Programs Committee, administers the certification program. This includes the development and maintenance of all program policies and procedures, instructional materials, and examinations. ‘The ACI certification program is conducted by a local sponsoring group, such as an ACI chapter, a state or local concrete industry association, a collage or university, or other organization committed to upgrading the quality of concrete. This group is responsible for scheduling and conducting all examination sessions (and may offer optional training courses); arrangement of facilities, mater equipment, and personnel; payment of all bills; and ‘establishment and collection ofall registration fees. ‘The ACI Certification Department assists the local sponsoring groups in setting up the program and manages the daily operation of the program. This includes the publication and dissemination of ail instructional materials and examinations, grading ‘examinations, maintenance of certfcation records, and issuance of cefification to successful candidates, DEFINITIONS ACI — The American Concrete Institute (PO Box 9094, Farmington Hills, Ml 48333-9094), which developed and published the instructional materials and examinations used in this program, and that certifies individuals who satisfy all requirements of this program. ACI Certification — A formal recognition, valid for a specified period of time, which shows that a person has satisfactorily completed the certification requirements, ‘ACI Certification Department — The department within ACI that manages the certification programs. ACI Concrete Construction Special Inspector — A person who has demonstrated proficiency in concrete inspection methods by holding @ current valid certification as an ACI‘Obtain Gertfcation. Cortifcaton as an ACI Concrete Field Testing Technician - Grado 1 Is required for poxDaGaad 2, Methods and considerations PCAD&C RS inadating matenats <4 ces + Protection methods ACI SOEREA bai wlosures? seo basa see mine TE READER + Criteria for formwork removal should be based on in-situstrength — PCADEC #B! Early Assesment of Concrete a ci 1. Accelerated curing test (ASTM C684) -2/ Rebound method (ASTM Ga05) Fommorkinstaaon, onforcemants, enbedments Ex sampling and tasting of treehly mixed coerato BO_% Conveying, pacing, consoling, fisting ining Ey Curog, protection, formwork emaval TO» r01m. continued EsFORM D5 Examine Application Form SANUARY 1997 Concrete Construction Inspector INSTRUCTIONS “The appicant must compte both Sections A and 8 ol his fom and thon foreard he form the respondent, whos fo use Section Cto the statements made in Sacion B_ S09 the Workbook fr logics ame of Appcant JOHN WALLABEN Social Seoutty No._ 240-1 /4B-7_ toss $8 BENDER LANE __ cry @RAVEL Cit sta Ad _ 2 5325" aa presont Enplyee ABC COMICPETE,ING, ___ meioyor rove 9872095 - 2098 2. JB Pho o tot ad back of unt vad AC Cnc ld Tsing Tectnklan— Gade walt car atc. ‘Axa a.copy of you plana, ranscr, octet ptf educaon a tated ine inspect Worktook (3% Diploma or documartaton enclosed 'D Diploma or documertaton not enclosed: lb sont lala, Pease process tis appaton pening receipt. ‘yeu do not attach vertetion of your educational background, your application wil be bald unt veritcation le received. SECTIONS tooo the 9 4. Employer (during tine pariod in question AL Caer, WE. ane ot Respindet SAID BATZHER. Tie (sutng tne putes nqvosiony LOVSTR: SUPRVSE . Employer Adioss 25 BOYD Sf Sate. IN) 2%» SYBZE 5. Term of working lations batwoon applicant & respondent: From =; 85 _ fs i ie mei Notre ‘nonin a year woh yea ‘rng istine pc, he eltenaip of te respond tothe apart was {Ff spariccr O Employer {1 Ober. Pesce oman Peccrtage ol ine of employment nthe tie peed Eten AS above hat was ep in concrete npecton read work: LUstporcontageoe 22% —Not:100% moans you worked sic a a futsino employee (40 hours) with cone Inspection telat work ea your ony responsi Lass han 100% mars your week Ure spat noone Itapecon rnd wot aeregd over Your pros ol onfoyment was ass han 20 hous, Ts Condon woud ost you had ded resonsby bemon conte spect & on-cncrte inapocton elated woo, you womed ay on concrete aposton wo br ls bantu me OF ‘olson dog tains Pes. 7. Ustieporanagsof tne sponton he odowing seas fconcete spec: (Fta! MUS aqui parcantagegivenin Ke above): 20% Formac insatation,reinforaments, embecments x Sampling and tating ol rosy mixed concroto BOX coming, placing, cots, fhing ining 1B» cut, protection, omworkooval Amro, conned Ea @8. Inthis time period, my work experince inched: Decision making responsiblity end authority Go ‘Verification of compliance with plans, specications, codes we Evaluation of concrete construction nthe fold es Documentation and reporting of inspection resuts | axthorze thoee whom Ihave gin as rlarences to fumish tothe American Coneroe Inetue or ts agants information conceming my work expodenco and other background rolavant fo tho stated requirements ofthe Ararcan Concrete Instutecorifeaton programs. | {gree 10 reloaso and hold hammiass any individual, company or nsinwon Incuding the American Concree insite, and ay persons ‘connected therewith fom lady imposed by law in funieieg euch tnormation. sala apaaaaar ae aa Gn Li Piet Namo To the respondent: Please examine al ofthe iormation provid by the appear in Seton B. You ave being asked to vey work sxporionen in order for ths applicant fo meet quattestons far coricabon ee an ACI Corea Canstruction laepectr. Pleaso nto that ‘ha dsclamar signed by the eppcant in Socton B above raleasos you ram cv kably in regard to statomos,proviced otha stot yourknowedge, about the applicant. and establishes tht the appcant is realy requesting hat you pre this Infnmation. The oman proved Secon costs aos 1 coneet e madd, “ake to sala datos nin pads jo espns, ad cometary and einai dae wng ionectona fr Secton 8 2. Inthe tie psd ted in Scton B45, woud charac the appcnt ob poornance a: sastcoy —— Uneistcory 1 toon NOTE: any boxe an "sastcon ecco pan etanan dtl Bom Comments Fee Ratoaty stole evomaton boing ected onthis fom byte apart. have supped hover medications may avo been necessary to make al statements here-n conform to ths tnah, to the best of my knowidge. !eubaat this form nthe bel that presenta whalsoover 4 re 7 Dat offer Biketiee Tite Present Employer Genego elopbons IMPORTANT NOTE TO RESPONDES ‘The applicant should nt 500 this form attr you have complated Section C. ‘tur the completed form to the applicant ina seated envelope. JANUARY 1997 ESSANUARY 1997 FORM D5 Examine Application Form Concrete Construction Inspector INSTRUCTIONS, The appicant must compote bath Sections A and B ofthis form and than forward tho form to ho respondent, whois 1 use Socton Cto the slatemarts made i Section 8. Soo th Werkbook lc complotsinstuctns. ‘Atch 9 copy of your diploma, transcr, cr other proot of education as stated in he inspector Workbook, Diploma or documentation enclosed 1D Diploma or documentation not enclosed; wil be sent ae. Please process this application pening receipt. you ao net attach vartcation of your educational background, your application wil ba held untl verification le received. SECTION 8 - tobe completed by he applicant Employer (ung tin peri n evostion PEMMEYLYHMIA DEPT. OF TEAMS. Name o Respondent HEMEY THALLEY Tite (dung time poriodin question) EMEUMER Employer accross 102 GARDEN AVE. cy HAPS sue fA 2p AGO. ‘5. Toan ot working relations between apnicant& respondent: From 2° $3 10_3-BY l3. ‘ron & your” “honing ar Wak ot mons usng is tin prio th rlatonchipo th respondent to fe appeant wa! BA supericor Cl Employer Cl Ober Pease expan Peronage cea imac enploymentn ie ime paid Eten 4S above that was apntn coer nepectn rated woke Ust percentage hore 25% — Note:100% means you worked sicty asa fulsime emeioyes (40 hours) with concreta inspection feat wok as you ry rooponabiy Loco than 100% san Your woe tne spar i eorerea inopocon ied wack evoroged over out pated of enbornert was tats than Ohaus, Ts ncn mou out fou had ed teapot Dre caer hapecton & naconcrt> ‘Repoctenraatod work or, you waa slay on concrete rapecon work ut oes than ui rw OR te atoudy cringe ino oto. Listthprcantag ofa spnt ent ftawing aces cco npc: ota MUST oth perconlag gen in above): Be Formwork instalation, reinforcements, enbedments 15" Serroting end testing of eshty mixed concrete 4. conveying plein, consoisating, isting, elatog 3% cwin, proection, foorwork removal 25% 101A. consnsed1 Inthis time period, my work experienc Incudod: Daston aking repens and authority 8 oO Voieaton of omplinc wt pas, pacts, cides ge oO Evan of consol consnton nthe fd ao Documentation nd rpating ot nspacton rats fo icant eign bel | authonize toe whom Ihave given as references to fumish fo the American ConexetaInstule ots agen information concerning my work experience ad other background relevant tothe slated requirements ofthe amertcan Concrete insite caitcaion programs. 1 29100 to reloase and hols hanndess any indidval, company or instuon, including the American Concrete Ialute, and any persons ‘Binecod boom tom haba arposedby awl umising auch woman. or mkepresentaion contained baron or dvi et cacaton deh? Totharanpondent: Place eaiog ao the ilomatin proved yt eptcant in Suction 8, You ae big asad to vrty work ‘experenen In orger fortis applicant 1o moet qualcatos lo coitealon as an AGI Concrete Constuctn Inspector. Pease noe that the diecamer signed by the eptcantin Secon 8 above releases you trom ch lably in regard to caterers, providedto the best of {Your krowodge, about the nppbcant, and esabishss thal the apphant rely requesting at you provide tis ormaton, Thwinoman pod nsec 78 comet a ee 0 cont nest saad an antnepoon past, adnan enlist oder 2 ntotn pd aint Scion Bt canct mp perc as Yi ststesoy ttc 1 We opin NOTE: ian bx thant chad, el esa nll oct si ‘aspondent sons below, {Thave honesty evelaied tho nfommaton being submited on thio formby the applicant. | have cuppliad whatever madfleations may have been maa eto hah cron toh nah ot baa omy Atowodge. eur itors thea alk [20/97 Ba! Bint are a ‘Employor Lager IWORTANT NOTE TO RESPONDENT: ‘Tho plicant should not see this for after you have completed Section C. led envelope. ‘etum the completed form tothe applicant in JANUARY 1997FORM D11_ Examiner's Form for Evaluating Applicant Qualifications ‘based an Form 05 — Concrete Construction Inspector TOTAL EMPLOYMENT. ‘Time Petlod Time Pertod 1 22 _mo's = [E mora = Time Period 2 ‘Time Period 3 “Time Period 4 (Zao = “Time Period 5 + moss. ‘year requirement: This purnber is 24 oF mor requirement: This numba i696 0F More no ‘Syeer requirement: This numbar is 60 or more. CRITERION B - Rango of exparionce ‘Do08 the percentage given as TOTAL on From DS, #7 ‘equal he percentage given on Fort DS, #6? acmennne AREA: Formwork installation, reinforcement, embgdmonts Did the applicant demonstrate experiance inthis area? AREA?: Sampling and testing concrete ‘id the appicant demenstrate experience in Bis ares? AREAS: Convaving. pacing, consolidating, fnishng,ointing (Did tha applicant demonstrate experiance inthis aren? AREA‘: — Gurlng, protection, formwork removal Did the applicant demonstrate experionce ha this area? Responsibility & Authority was marked “yes” by at least ‘one respondent . ‘marked "yes" by at east one respondent. Conerata Conatruetion Inthe Fold wae marked “yee by at east one respondent ‘Documentation of nepecilon Resuita was marked ‘yes"by _at feast one respondent . £8 oO &amnm k g Swaw 3 Oo Daada Qo0o00e CRITERION C - Education 1. {years colteganachnical schoo! criteria] Diploma or appropiate documentation attached? Total credit hours eamed 60 oF more? ... 2. {high schoo! diploma eriterion} Diploma or appropriate documentation attached? . 8. {no specified education criterion} Applicant supplying proof of five years experienco? . . OVERALL EVALUATION (one of the following boxes must be checked YES) ‘The applicant has met the education/work experience requisite as folows: “2 years coll schoo! plus 2 years experience in concrete construction, plus ‘adequate range of experience as specified 2 schoo plore, ols Bai pater Heaertecontuon, pus > 3. Sears expos n cone cone ue Carthication Rapresentaive E9 oO oo8The American Concrete Institute is a nonprofit scientific and educational society organized in 1904 to serve the user interest in the concrete field. ‘The chartered objective of the Institute states that its purpose is “to provide a comradeship in finding the best ways to do concrete work of all kinds and in spreading that knowledge.” ACI is well-suited to serving the needs of engineers, public agencies, architects, owners, contractors, educators, and other specialists interested in the design, construction, and maintenance of concrete structures Through the work of volunteer technical and educational committees, ACI has become a forum for the development of a detailed knowedge of concrete materials and the performance of concrete structures. ACI publishes several periodicals that are widely used in the concrete industry, including Concrete International, the ACI Structural Journal, and the ACI Materials Journal, as well as books and special publications. In addition, continuing educational seminars, chapter activites, and conferences keep the work of ACT in the forefront of technology development and application. Certification programs operated by ACI are designed to meet the industry's growing need for well-trained and highly-reliable technicians, inspectors, craftsmen, and other professionals in the field of concrete construction. Certification Department American Concrete Institute PO Box 9094 : 4.e Farmington Hills, Michi American Concrete Institute’ ea dost sreecebaaiasckts cP2008 @ACI Concrete Construction Special Inspector Certification Reference Documents Document $P-2(07) ACI Concrete Terminology ACI 117-06 ACI 213R-03 ACI 301-05 ACI 302.1R-04 ACI 304R-00 ACI 304.2R-96 (2008) ACI 305R-99 ACI 306R-88 (2002) ACI 308R-01 (2008) ACI 309R-05 ACI 318-08 ACI 347-04 ASTM C 29/C 29M — 97 (2003) ASTM C 94/C 94M — 07 ASTM E 329-07 CRSI Manual of Standard Practice, 28" Ed. PCA Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures, 14" Ed Please carefully assemble the listed materials with the tab dividers provided in the ring binder September 2008_ APPENDIX A | ” RESOURCE MATERIALS DESCRIPTIONS AtRESOURCE MATERIALS DESCRIPTIONS ‘The following resource materials comprise a body of knowiedge covered by the writen examination. Only materials listed here are allowed in the examination room during the examination. These materials are revised regularly; check with AC! to determine if you possess the editions covered by the current exam. AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE SP.2 "7 213R 301 30248 ‘ACI Manual of Concrete Inspection This document offers guidance for inspection of concrete construction, including recent devel- ‘opments in materials, equipment, and processes (such as shrinkage-compensating cement, Sophisticated admixtures, fibrous concrete, epoxy resins, automated concrete production ‘equipment, high strength concrete, and systems building). This book is directed not only at inspectors, but also engineers, architecls, contractors, field engineers, and construction super- intendents. Included are descriptions of the methods of inspecting concrete construction which ‘are generally accepted as good practice. Topics covered are inspection processes and orga tization, stalistical concepts in quality assurance, inspection and testing of materials, handling and storage of materials, concrete fundamentals, proportioning and control of concrete mixtures, batching and raixing, inspection before concreting, concreting operations, form femoval and curing, correction of defects, slabs for buildings, pavement slabs and bridge decks, architectural concrete, special concreting methods, special types of concrete, precast and prestressed concrete, grouting, testing of concrete and aggregates, inspection records and reports, and a checklist of inspection. The appendix is also published separately as ACL 3114R. ACI Concrete Terminology This document provides the inspector with an alphabetically arranged glossary of over 1400 terms related to cement and concrete. It is available for free download from the ACI Web site (www. concrate.org), Standard Specifications for Tolerances for Concrote Construction and Materials This document provides standard tolerances for concrete construction. Guide for Structural Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete The guide summarizes the present state of technology. It presents and interprets the data on lightweight-aggregate concrete from many laboratory studies, accumulated experience resulting from successful use, and the performance of structural lightweight-aggregate ‘concrete in service, Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings This document covers or refers to the use of other documents dealing with: materials and proportioning of concrete, reinforcing and prestressing steels, production, placing and curing of Concrete, and formwork design and construction. Methods of treatment of joints and embedded. items, repair of surface defects and finishing of formed surfaces are also specified. Separato chapters include slab construction and finishing, architectural concrete, massive concrete, ‘materials and methods of construction, and post-tensioned concrete. Also included are provisions ‘governing testing, evaluation, and acceptance of the conorete as well as the structure. Gulde for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction ‘This guide explains how to produce good quality floors and slabs for various classes of service, ‘emphasizing such aspects of construction as site preparation, concreting materials, concrete. ‘mix proportions, concreting, workmanship, and curing. Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete This guide presents recommended methods and procedures for the control, handling, and Storage of materials, as well as measurement of materials, batching tolerances, mixing, transporting, preparing forms, and placing, A2304.2R 305R 306R 308R 318 347 Placing Conerete by Pumping Methods This report describes piston, pneumatic, and squeeze-pressure type pumps for transporting and placing structural concrete. Rigid and flexiblo pipelines are discussed, couplings and othe Aaassories described, and delivery capacities for various sizes of lines reported, Recommendations for proportioning pumpable concrete suggest optimum gradation. of Aggregates, and requirements for outine water, cement, and admixtures. The need for feld {esting of tral mixtures to determine the pumpabiltyis emphasized. Suggestions are presented {2¢ layout of tines, maintaining uniform delivery rate and quality of concrete at the end of the line, and for cleaning the pipelines. Hot Weather Concreting ‘The ‘Installation of concrete under conditions of high temperature, low humidiy, and wind rogues an understanding of the effects these environmental factors have on concrete propertios ‘and construction operations, This report explains the characteristics of ho! weather concreting and the measures that can be taken to minimize or eliminate undesirable effecis whee Conereting under these conditions. Gold Weather Conereting THIS teport expresses the general requirements and methods for producing satisfactory Soncree in cold weathor conditions. For many structural coneretes, protection considerably ir Skcoss of that required to ensure freedom from damage caused by freezing is required to Ensure safe development of strength. This report also discusses accelerators, maintonance of jemPeralure records, heating of matorals, subgrade proparaton, protecive inculating cover, inas, heated enclosures, curing, matufty concept, and form removal. Supplementary mnatoral on the effect of curing temperatures on strength is referenced in authoritative sources: stot selected references is included. Standard Practice for Curing Conerete Tis document states the basic principles of curing and desctibes commonly accepted ethods, procedures, and materials. Requirements, curing methods, materials, times, avd temperatures are included for curing pavements and other slabs on ground, stvtures,bulings, and smass concrete. Curing requirements are also given for precast products, shotorete, Preplaced aggregate concrete, refractory concrete, plaster, and other applications. Guide for Consolidation of Concrete This guide includes updated information on the mechanism of consolidation and provides fecommendations on equipment characteristics, and procedures for various classes of construction, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Tnanae covers the proper design and consinicion of reinforced conorete buildings, It is wien in mandatory language so that it may be adopted by reference in a general building code. Among the subjects addressed are: pormits and dranings, inspection, specications materials, concrete quality, mixing and placing, formivork, embedded pipes, construction joints, reinforcement detais, analysis and design, strength and servicoablity,flewural and oxfal Gate cheat and torsion, development of reinforcement, sab systems, evaluation of existing Structures, special provisions for seismic design, and an altemate design method. Guide to Formwork for Concrete Ths guide covers the design and construction of forms, materials, forms fr special structures, ‘and formwork for special methods of construction, ASTM INTERNATIONAL c29 ‘Standard Test Method for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate his testis designed to calculate the unit weight and void content of fine, cosree, or mixed aggregate not exceeding 4 in. (100 mm) in size. AS94 E329 ‘Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete ‘This specification govems the manufacture of concrete and its conveyance to the purchaser in a froshly-mixed, unhardened state. This standard contains minimum quality requirements {for the concréte and its constituent ingredients, as well as a guide to the responsibilities and. obligations of the purchaser, inspector, and manufacturer. ‘Standard Specification for Agencles Engaged in the Testing andior Inspection of, Materials Used in Construction This standard defines the responsibilties and obligations of public and private materials testing agencies. It establishes minimum requirements forthe personnel and equipment of the agency and outlines the relationships between the agency and other parties involved in the construction process. CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE, Manual of Standard Practice This manual is a guide to the materials and practices for estimating, detailing, fabricating, and placing reinforcement for concrete construction. The ACI Inspector program focuses on those areas of the manual that aid the Inspector in the identification of acceptable and unacceptable materials and placement: PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION Design and Contro! of Concrete Mixtures This book reflects over 70 years of research by the Portland Cement Association, American Society for Testing and Materials, the American Concrete Insttule, and many of the organizations. in the field of concrete technology. The book covers every aspect of concrete from the basic ‘materials to the design, implementation, testing, and inspection of concrete in specialized applications and unusual placing conditions. ‘NOTE: Because the resource materials for this program are periodically revised, itis suggested that you ‘contact the ACI Certification Department fo a ist of editions current covered by the certification examination, Additionally, altemate resource lists have been approved for use to address the need for presenting the ‘matorial in S.1. units, countries other than the U.S. and in languages other than English. These lists are also available from the ACI Certification Department. AAPPENDIX B CONVERSION FACTORS AND FORMULAS. ASTMIAASHTOICSA CROSS REFERENCE BtCONVERSION FACTORS AND FORMULAS 4 cubic yard (yd) 4 cuble yard (ye?) 4 cubic foot (ft) of water 1 eubic foot (A) 4 cubic foot (f°) 4 gallon (gal) 1 pound (Ib) cubic foot () of water 4 gallon (gal) of water 1 inch (in.) 1 pound per cubic foot (bit) Unit weight (b per f? or kg/m?) Water cement ratio 27 cubic feet (ft) 0.7645549 cubic metre (m’) 7.49 gallons (gal) 0.02831685 cubic metre (m") 28.31685 liter (L) 3.785412 liter (L) 0.4535924 Kilogram (kg) 62.4 pounds (Ibs) 8.33 pounds (Ibs) 25.4 milimeters (mm) 16.018846 kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m) weight + volume ‘water weight + cement weight Formula for converting degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius: (°F ~ 32)/1.8 Rule of Thumb ‘To raise the slump 1 inch, add 10 founds of water for each cubic yard of concrete, ASTM / AASHTO / CSA CROSS REFERENCE ‘As an aid to the user of this manual, the following list shows the equivalencies between American ‘Society for T 1g and Materials, American Association of Stale Highway and Transportation Officials, and Canadian Standards Association specifications. In most cases, these specifications will differ slightly. The differences between ASTM and AASHTO specifications are explained in a footnote accompanying each AASHTO specification. ASTM. AASHTO csA 29 119 A23.2-400, C94 M157 A23.1-M E329 None None.: APPENDIX C SAMPLE WRITTEN EXAMINATION QUESTIONS C4‘SAMPLE WRITTEN EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ‘The maximum size of the aggregate used in structural concrete must not be more than: ‘A. Onesfth the narrowest dimension between sides of forms B. One-third the depth of the slab C. Three-fourths the minimum clear spacing between reinforcing bars D. All of the above For cast-in-place structural concrete, the design and engineering of the formwork is the responsibilty of the: ‘A. Contractor B. Engineer C. Architect D. Structural engineer Which of the following is not a commonly used admixture for concrete? A. Pozzolan . 7 B, Calcium chloride C.Flyash D. Ammonium sulfate The proper way to fix a rock pocket detected during concrete placement is to: A. Shovel mortar on top of it B. Shovel soft or vary fluid concrete onto it CC. Shovel rocks from the rock pocket into softer sanded area 0. Shovel mortar on top ofit and revibrate the entire area Is the following statement true or false? Aggregate samples representing the various sizes batched should be obtained as closely as possible to the point of introduction into the concrete. A. Tue B. False During hot weather conditions itis advisable to: ‘A. Keep the aggregates as cool as possible B. Have one standby vibrator available for each three in use C. Place concrete shallow enough to assure ready response to vibration D.Allof the above ‘As opposed to concreting in temperature conditions, when performing concreting operations for flat- ‘work construction during cold weather conditions itis desirable to use a concrete with a(n): ‘A. Increased amount of water reducing admixture B. Higher stump C. Increased amount of accelerating admixture D. Lower siump Concrete surfaces should be kept continuously moist for at least. days. A3 BS C7 D.10 C210. 1. 12, 13, 14, 16. 16. Ifthe radius of action of a2 in. concrete vibrator is 12 in, the stance between insertions should be. A. 24 in, B. 18 in, €.20in, D.12in, Records of the construction and removal of forms inspection must be kept for after completion of the project. A. 6 months B.1 year ©. 2 years D. 3 years Ina column, offset bars should be bent: A. After concrete placement B. After concrete has reached 80% of designed strength C. Before placement in the forms D. After concrete placement and always using the preheat method Unless otherwise noted, formwork and supports of a concrete slab (ambient temperature above 50* F) can be removed when: A. The cumulative required days have been reached 8, Determined by the engineer, based on lab cured and tested samples C. The consecutive required days have been reached . Determined by the construction superintendent, based on the construction procedures used Which of the following statements, relating o the duties of the agency authorized to inspect or test concrete, is ue? A. They must always call to the attention of the proper authority any regularity or deficiency B. They always have the right to reject samples at any time C. They must always be sure that there is proper protection, curing, handling and storage of the samples D. None of the above The volume of freshly mixed concrete in a given batch is determined from the: A Total mass of the batch divided by the actual mass per unit volume of the concrete B. Sum of the volume of the ingredients C. Total mass of the batch, excluding water, divided by the mass per unt volume of the conerete, D. Sum of the volume ofall the ingredients divided by the unit mass of the concrete When using epoxy-coated reinforcing bars, itis recommended that the bar supports be: A. Coated entirely with a dielectric material B. Made of a dielectric material ©. Neither Anor B D. Either Aor B Atttough useful in estimating the strength of concrete in relation toime and temperature, the accuracy ofthe relies on proper quality control and concreting practices, ‘A. Workabilty factor B. Durability factor C. Wet-density test D. Maturity factor C317, The delivery of concrete by pumping: ‘A. Always requires a small but usually insignificant compromise in quality B. Does not require the concrete mix to be relatively free of angular coarse aggregates . Is acceptable in hot weather but never in cold weather 1D. Can be more economical because pumped concrete is actualy improved by reducing the amount of cement in the mix 18. Is the following statement true or false? ‘To maintain a nearly constant water-cement ratio when water content of aggregate changes, itis necessary to adjust the weights of the aggregate and also the woight of the batched water, A Tne B. False 19, Is the following statement true or false? ‘On those projects requiring an inspector to monitor batching and mixing procedures, itis his respon- siblity to assure that any necessary adjustments to proportions are made. A Tre B. False 20. Is the following statement rue or false? Adjustments in air content may be required for major changes in grading of aggregates. ATue B. False E 24. Is the following statement true or false? ‘Air-entraining portland cements are used primarily because contol of air content in concrete made with these cements is easier and more precise than with concrete made with ordinary portland ‘cement with alr-entraining agent added at the time of mixing. A True B. Falso 22. You are the inspector for the owner on a large concrete structure. Concrote bogins to arrive for a ‘scheduled pumping operation. You observe that reinforcing steel is not property placed, and your estimate of the time required to rectify the problem is approximately three hours. Which of the following is an ‘acceptable course of action? ‘A. Immediately phone your supervisor, describing the exact discrepancies noted BB. Instruct the concrete truck drivers to retum to the central plant uni further notice . Refuse approval to commence placement D. Note the observed discrepancies in your daily led report 23, The inspector should maintain an impersonal but helpful atitude toward the contractor and his ‘employees. Which of the following is likely to be a frequent source of conflict between the inspector and the placing crew? ‘A. Proper shoring and reshoring of recently placed concrete B. Adequate anchorage of reinforcing bars C. Results of yield and unit weight tests D. Slump of fresh concrete C424. 28. 26. 28. co Job-site safety Is primarly the responsibility of: A.OSHA B. The generat contractor C. The owner D. The inspector E.All of the above During inspection of a concrete slab placement, you notice that the concrete paste has been spat- tered onto reinforcing bars during a previous placement. Attempls to brush this paste off fail to remove it. Which of the following is an appropriate course of action? ‘A. Moisten the paste to ensure bonding B. Use an air or electric powered grinder to remove paste, C. Roughen paste areas with a chisel or hammer claw D. If paste is dificult to remove, itis probably harmless and need not be removed, ‘The ratio of the mass of mixing water to the mass of cement is referred to as: A. Water-cement ratio B. Cement-water ratio €. Air content D. Void-cement ratio Which of the following describes the air content of concrete? A. The mass of air per unit volume B. The volume of air entraining agent used in the concrete C. The volume of air voids expressed as a percent of the total volume of concrete . The mass of air entraining agent per unit volume According to ACI 301, concrete that arives at the job site with lower than specified slump: ‘A. May not be used B. May be adjusted within established limits to obtain the required slump C. May be used provided itis properly placed and consolidated D. None of the above ‘Scaling is a scabrous condition of some floor surfaces after exposure to freezing and thawing; it could also be caused by: A. Ovenvibration B. Excessive entrained air in the concrete . Finishing while there is excoss bleed water on the surface D.Allof the above Overworking of overwet concrete during fishing operations could cause: A. Spalling B. Dark or light areas on the surface C. Popouts D. Any of the above The preferred method of stockpiling concrete aggregate Is by: ‘A. Crane or other means of placing material in pile in units not larger than a truck load B. Dumping from a truck in order to assure that the aggregate rolls down the slope of the pile C. Building the pile in horizontal layers by use of a bulldozer D. Bulldozing layers on a slope cs32, Concrete admixtures stored in liquid form should be: A. Protected from freezing B. Maintained at 80 °F . Stored adjacent to the mixer D. Premixed in the water storage tank 33. Workability and reduction of segregation and bleeding is enhanced when which of the following is ‘added to tho mix? A. Water-reducing retarder B. Airentraining admixture C. Water-reducing accelerator D. Pozzotan E. High-range water reducing admixture ‘34. Powdered admixtures should be added to the mixer in which of the following manners? A After the cement has been loaded B. Ribboned into the mixer with other dry ingredients C. After 50% of the water has been discharged D. Afterall the water has been charged to the mixer 35. Is the following statement true or false? Absorbed water in aggregates affects the water-cement ratio and slump of concrete. A True B. False 36. The dry loose unit weight of aggregate depends on: A. Ils specific gravity B. Its grading C. The shape of the parictes D. The size of the particles E.Allof the above 37. Which of the following is true of entrained air? A. It provides increased resistance to damage caused by repealed freezing and thawing B. Itis nearly always associated with a loss of strength due to increased cement content C. Both of the above D. Neither of the above 38, Which one ofthe following statements is false? ‘A. Concrete placed in hot weather develops higher early strengths B. Concrete placed in hot weather has increased durability . Concrete placed in hot weather has generally lower strengths at 28 days or later D. Concrete demands more water when placed in hot weather 39, The temperature of cement as it enters a concrete mix is typically specified to be: A. Between 180 °F to 185 °F B. Less than 150 °F to 180 °F ©. 185 °F to 190 °F D.210°F C6 @40. 41. 42. 43, 4a, 45. 46, 47, ‘When used as the basis for acceptance, test cylinders fr strength tests cured in the feld during hot ‘weather conditions shall be: ‘A. Given special attention for protection and curing B. Cured and kept in the field for 7 days . Kept wet periodically D. Cured in a special field container Hot weather effects on concrete may include which one ofthe following? \. Less water demand for required consistency B. Accelerated set . Higher ultimate strength D. Increased durability Cold weather concreting practices must: A. Prevent damage to concrete from freezing at early ages B. Maintain curing conditions . Limit rapid concrete temperature changes D. Provide protection consistent with the intended serviceability of the structure E. All of the above . ‘Some of the commonly-used concrete protection materials are: ‘A. Polystyrene foam sheets B. Urethane foam C. Foamed vinyl blankets D. Straw E. Mineral wool or cellulose fibers F.AIl of the above uring cold weather conditions, the criteria for removal of formwork from structural concrete is pre- ferred to be based on: A.An arbitrary time duration B. 7 day laboratory-cured concrete cylinder tests ©. 3 day laboratory-cured concrete cylinder tests D. In-situ strength of the concrete determined by feld-cured cylinder tests E.Allof the above {the air temperature is 95 °F, the concrete temperature is 60 °F, the wind velocity is 6 mph, and the relative humidity is 90%, conditions are such that: ‘A. Excessive evaporation from the surface of unhardened concrete will oocur 8. Plastic shrinkage that could cause cracks is evident C. Placement shall be considered to be cured under normal conditions ©. Precautions against plastic shrinkage are necessary lt wet straw or hay is used during curing of conorete, the layer should have a thickness of at least: A.6in, B.3in C. 4in, D.2in. ‘When consofidating concrete with a vibrator, the vibration pattern is usually detomnined by the: ‘A. Concrete superintendent B. Inspector assigned to the placement . Radius of action D. Length of the vibrator48. Placement or “pour” lines showing on the surface of concrete are caused by: ‘A. Heavy bleeding along the forms B. Honeycomb . Concrete form seams or joints not tight enough D, Vibrator not lowered far enough to penetrate the layer below 49. For all concrete construction, the forms should be: ‘A. Free of any coating material B. Mortar tight C. Smooth with limited seam tolerances D.Allof the above 50. A complete record of tests of materials and of concrete shall be preserved by the: A Axchitect B, Structural Engineer C. Inspecting engineer ql D.Aorc ‘51. Alightweight concrete containing entrained air with a water-cement ratio of 0.40 and a compressive strength of 3500 psi wll be exposed to a solution containing 1000 ppm of S04, Therefore, this con crete: ‘A. Doos not conform to the AC! Code requirements, B. Will not be affected by the solution . Meets the ACI Code requirements D. Shall be accepted by the inspector ‘52, When placing concrete for a reinforced concrete structure, ifthe field-cured cylinders are required, they shall be taken: ‘A. Atleast once for every 150 cubic yard of concrete B. When determined by the Construction Superintendent ©. Every 128 cubic yard of concrete 1D. When determined by the inspector ‘53. The compressive strength of three core samples from a concrete with a designed strength of 3500 sl are 3850, 2825, and 2975 psi. Therefore the concrete shall be: ‘A. Accepted based on the average and individual readings. B. Rejected based on individual readings C. Accepted based on the average of the highest and lowest readings D. Rejected based on individual readings ‘54, Pipes or conduits of aluminum shall: ‘A. Not be embedded in structural concrete unless effectively coated 8. Be approved by the engineer C. Be approved by the Inspector prior to concrete placement . Be inspected prior tothe placement by the building inspector ‘58. During concrete placement inspections, itis discovered that 2 in. diameter pipes to be embedded in ‘2 12in. thick wall are indicated on the piping drawings (approved only by the mechanical engineer) at a distance of & in. on center. Therefore, the inspector shall: ‘A. Request the approval of the civil engi B. Reject them C. Accept them 1D. Request removal of the pipe58. The footing thickness of a structural member is shown as 30 in. on the enginoering drawing; how: ‘ever, it was made as 28 in. which is: ‘A Acceptable B. Not acceptable 57. One of the most critical operations in formwork is reshoring; therefore, its procedure should be ‘approved by the: A. ArchitecVengineor B. Formwork designer C. Construction superintendent D.All of the above 58, Precast concrete bar supports are normally supplied in how many styles? AA 8.2 C3 0.5 59. When a grade mark or minimum yield designation is included in the identification marks on a reinfore- ing bar, it will appear in which position in the order of marks? 60, A #14 reinforcing bar with a L_ shape has been fabricated 2 in. shorter in the horizontal dimen- sion. This is required to be: ‘A. Approved by the inspector B. Approved by the engineer ©. Rejected D. Accepted 61. A#5 spiral 30 in. in diameter has been fabricated as 29-1/2 in. This Is: A. Not acceptable B. Within the acceptable tolerance , Required to be approved by the Engineer 62. What isthe fineness modulus for a fine aggregate with the following gradation? Percent passing #4 sieve: = 99 Percent passing #8 sieve: = 82 Percent passing #16 sieve: = 67 Percent passing #30 sieve: = 39 Percent passing #50 sieve: = 16 Percent passing #100 sieve: = 2 A305 B.2.75 6.2.60 2.95 63. What effect would an increase in slump have on entrained air? ‘A. None B. An increase in ait content . Adecrease in air content D. Air content may either increase or decrease ceANSWERS TO SAMPLE WRITTEN EXAMINATION QUESTIONS Correct Answer D A ° c A D . e B ce c A D A D D B A A A 8 c D E D A c B c A A A 8 8 Reference ACI 301, 4.2.2.3 ACI 301, 2.2.2.4 PCA, ©. 6, pp. 105-118 ACI 304R, Fig. 5.3(d) ACI 304R, 22.5, ACI 3OBR, 28.2,4.25, 4.32 ACI 306R, 27 SP-2,p. 83; PCAC. 10, p. 226 ‘ACI 309R, Tablo 7.1 ACI 318, 1.3.4 ACI 318, 7.8.1.4 ACI 347, 3.7.2.3 ASTMES29, 10.22, 10.2.5, 103 ASTM C94, 3.2 CRSI,C. 3, Sec. 3.6, p. 3-3 PCA, C. 14, p. 254 ACI304.2R, 4.2.1 ACI SP-2, C. 1, p. 8;C. 7, pp. 63-54 ACI SP-2, C. 1, p. 8; C. 7, pp. 53-54 ACI SP-2, C. 8, p. St ACI SP-2,C. 5, 9.54 ACI SP-2,C. 1.9.9 ACI SP-2, C. 7, p. 60-81 AGI SP-2,C. 1, p. 10 ACI SP-2, C. 8, p. 68 ACI H16R, p. 72 ACI 116R, p.3 ACI 301, 4.3.24 ACI 302.1R, 8.3.3, 11.5; PCAC. 8, p. 144 ACI 302.AR, 8.3.3, 8.3.10, 11.8 ACI SOAR, Fig. 2.4 2-6 ACISOAR, 2.5 PCA, C.6,C. 8, pp. 107, 136 ACI304R, 4.560. 61 62. 63, SOF 5TG> >>> 0B 00> 0 orm o> oDeH>mMo ocuomo ACI 213R, 36.2 ACI 213R, 2.3.3 ACI 213R, 32.1.6; PCA, C.8 ACI305R, 1.3.2 PCA, C. 13, p. 234 ACI305R, 5.1.4 ACI 305R, 1.9.1 ACI306R, 1.3 ACI306R, 7.2 ACI 306R, 6.9; 347, 3.7.2 ACI 305R, Fig, 2.1.5 ACI308R, 2.4.1.5 ‘ACI 309R, 7.1 ACI 309R, 7.6.4, Fig. 7.6.4 AGI 309R, 6.4; 347, 3.2.1.6 ACI318, 13.4 ACI318, Tab. 4.3.1 ACI 318, 5.6.2.1 ACI 318, 5.6.5.4 ACI 318, 6.3.2 ACI318, 63.5.2 ACI 17, 34.1.3 ACI 347, 3.8.5 CRSI, C. 3, Sec. 3.3, p. 3-3 CRSI,C. 1, Se0. 1.7, p. 1-4 (Supplemental Reference) CRSI,C. 7, Fig. 7-4, p. 7-7 CRSI, C. 7, Fig. 7-3, p. 7-5 PCA, C. 4, pp. 83-84 ' PCA, C. 8, p. 140, Table 8-4@ C12