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A) What Is Conversation Analysis?

Conversation analysis is an approach to studying social interaction and talk that focuses on naturally occurring conversations through recordings and transcripts, without imposing theoretical frameworks. It differs from discourse analysis, which develops theories and analyzes constrained texts, whereas conversation analysis inductively searches for patterns in numerous conversations. Key concepts in conversation analysis include turn-taking between participants, turn construction units that make up turns, and transition relevance places that allow turn changes. Adjacency pairs are prototypical question-answer sequences between speakers. Conversational repair is how participants detect and resolve problems in speaking, hearing, and understanding, and can be self-initiated or other-initiated, as well as self-repair or other-repair.

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42 views2 pages

A) What Is Conversation Analysis?

Conversation analysis is an approach to studying social interaction and talk that focuses on naturally occurring conversations through recordings and transcripts, without imposing theoretical frameworks. It differs from discourse analysis, which develops theories and analyzes constrained texts, whereas conversation analysis inductively searches for patterns in numerous conversations. Key concepts in conversation analysis include turn-taking between participants, turn construction units that make up turns, and transition relevance places that allow turn changes. Adjacency pairs are prototypical question-answer sequences between speakers. Conversational repair is how participants detect and resolve problems in speaking, hearing, and understanding, and can be self-initiated or other-initiated, as well as self-repair or other-repair.

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a) What is Conversation Analysis?

 Conversation analysis is an approach to the study of social interaction and talk-in-


interaction.
 The data consist of tape-recordings and transcripts of naturally occurring
conversation, with little attention paid to the nature of the context as that might be
theoretically conceived within sociolinguistics or social psychology.

b) What is the difference between Discourse analysis and Conversation Analysis?

Discourse Analysis Conversation Analysis

- Uses linguistics techniques as well as - Avoids the development of


the types of theoretical ideas and premature theories. In contrast to the
primitive notions that are common in instant classification of (typically)
the field. constrained material the approaches
- The process includes: are fundamentally inductive; search
+ (a) the isolation of a set of is performed for repeating patterns
fundamental categories or discourse over numerous records of
units, spontaneously occurring
+(b) the creation of a set of conversations.
concatenation rules asserted over - There is as little appeal to intuitive
those categories, delineating well- judgments as possible; they may,
formed sequences of categories guide research, but they are not
(coherent discourses) from ill- explanations do not circumscribe the
formed sequences (incoherent data; the emphasis is on what can
discourses). actually be found to occur, not on
- There is also a propensity to select what one would guess would be odd
one (or a few) texts (sometimes - There is also a tendency to avoid
manufactured by the analyst) and analyses based on single texts.
seek to provide an in-depth
examination of all the intriguing
aspects of this constrained subject.
This large field of work includes not
just (and most obviously) text
grammarians, but also studies based
on speech actions (or related
notions).

c) What is turn-taking? What is TCU? What is TRP?

 Turn-taking is an orderly conversation between two participants. To be more specific,


one participant, A, talks, stops; another, B, starts, talks, stops; and so we obtain an A-
B-A-B-A-B distribution of talk across two participants.
 TCU (Turn-constructional units) are the units from which turns at talk are
constructed. These units are determined by various features of linguistic surface
structure. They are syntactic units.
 TRP (Transition relevance place) is the end of TCU that constitutes a point at which
speakers may change or continue with another TCU.

d) What are Adjacency pairs?

 Adjacency pairs are the kind of paired utterances of which question-answer,


greeting-greeting, offer-acceptance, apology-minimization, etc., are prototypical.
 Adjacency pairs are sequences of two utterances that are:
adjacent
produced by different speakers
ordered as a first part and a second part
typed, so that a particular first part requires a particular second (or range of second
parts)
e) What is Conversational Repair? What are the types of repair?

 Conversational repair is the process people use to detect and resolve problems of
speaking, hearing, and understanding.
 Types of repair: Self-repair & other repair, self-initiated repair & other-initiated repair
+ Self-initiated repair: repair by a speaker without prompting
+ Other-initiated repair: repair after prompting
+ Self-repair: done by the speaker of the problem or repairable item
+ Other-repair: done by another party

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