A c k n o w le d g e m e n t

T h e P r o je c t w e a r e h a n d l i n g i s a l i v e p r o je c t . W h i l e d e v e l o p i n g t h i s p r o je c t , w e h a v e le a r n t a

lo t. T h is w ill b e a n u n - fo r g e tfu l e x p e r ie n c e . W h ile d e v e l o p i n g t h i s p r o je c t , a l o t o f d i f f i c u l t i e s w e r e fa c e d b y u s . B u t it w a s th e h e lp o f s o m e s p e c ia l p e o p le and th a t we have th e g a in e d m uch c o n fid e n c e s h a ll

d e v e lo p e d

p r o je c t q u i t e

w e ll. W e

lik e to th a n k e v e r y o n e w h o in a n y w a y h e lp e d u s i n t h i s p r o je c t . O u r h e a r t i e s t t h a n k s t o M rs . A rti

k a p ila . S h e h e lp e d u s in p r o v id in g th e r e q u ir e d in fr a s tr u c tu r e , g o o d w o r k c u ltu r e ; m a k e u s le a r n a lo t of new th in g s w h ic h and h e lp e d g iv in g us us in th e r e q u ir e d th e to

g u id a n c e ,

g a th e r in g lik e

r e q u ir e m e n ts . A n d th a n k her fo r

fin a lly , w e us

s h a ll a ls o such a

p r o v id in g

g o ld e n

o p p o r tu n ity to e x p e r ie n c e th e w o r k c u ltu r e b e fo r e a c tu a lly w o r k in g fo r a c o m p a n y .

TABLE O F CO NTENTS

S .N o .

N a m e O f T h e T o p ic A b s tra c t A b o u t th e p ro je c t W o rk in g d ia g r a m C o m p a n y p r o file Im p le m e n ta tio n e n v ir o n m e n t In tr o d u c tio n Im p le m e n ta tio n t y p e s Im p le m e n ta tio n to o ls .N E T fra m e w o rk r e q u ir e m e n ts S o ftw a r e r e q u ir e m e n ts H a rd w a re r e q u ir e m e n ts A b o u t la n g u a g e s u s e d

1. 1 .1 1 .2
2. 3. 3 .1 3 .2 3 .3 3 .4 3 .5 3 .6 3 .7

4. 4 .1

S y s te m d e v e lo p m e n t life c y c le

4 .2

F e a s ib ility A n a ly s is S o ftw a re d e v e lo p m e n t life c y c le

5. 6.

D a ta flo w d ia g r a m F ro n t e n d o f th e p ro je c t

7. 8. 9. 10.

B a c k e n d o f th e p r o je c t S o ftw a r e te s tin g C o n c lu s io n B ib lio g r a p h y

ABSTRACT AB O U T TH E PR O JEC T
O n lin e H o s p ita l M a n a g e m e n t S y s te m h e lp s th e

p e o p le to fu lfill th e ir h e a lth

r e q u ir e m e n ts in a n

e ffic ie n t a n d e ffe c tiv e w a y . H e r e p e o p le a r e th e c lie n ts w h o w a n t th e b e s t h e a lth s e r v ic e o f th e ir c o n c e r n in o th e r w o r d s th e y a r e th e u s e r s . In th is s y s te m , th e r e is a r e g is tr a tio n p ro c e s s fo r th e

u s e r s . T o u s e th e s e r v ic e s o f th is s y s te m o n e h a s to go to th e w e b s ite c o n c e rn e d and in ju s t n o

tim e o n e c a n a c c e s s to it a s o n e w a n ts . S ta r tin g fr o m about home th e page s e r v ic e s one can get fu ll in fo r m a tio n can get fu ll

p r o v id e d

and

in fo r m a tio n r e g a r d in g e v e r y s e r v ic e .. T h e p r o je c t h a s t w o p a n e l s n a m e l y : 1 . A d m in is tr a to r P a n e l

2. U ser Panel

W hat do?

th e

A d m in is tr a to r

Panel

has

to

A d m in is tr a to r a s s o c ia te d lik e They

Panel

is

th a t th e

s e c tio n

w h ic h

is

w ith

p r o v id in g

h o s p ita l s e r v ic e s d o c to r th a t a v a ila b ility . a re to be

fin a n c e , manage

m e d ic in e a ll th e

and ta s k s

p e r fo r m e d a n d k e e p tr a c k o f th e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f th e u s e r s . T h e ir m a in fu n c tio n s a r e c h e c k in g fo r th e new user and user r e g is te r in g d ir e c tly h im o r if th e r e is

e x is tin g

th e n

c o n fir m in g

th e ir

a p p o in t m e n ts . th e d a ta

S e c o n d l y , t h e r e jo b i s t o u p d a t e to th e u s e rs a lo n g w ith its

a v a ila b le new

d e ta ils e tc .

lik e

m e d ic in e s , d o c to r s

opd

days,

W h a t th e u s e rs h a v e to d o ?
U s e r s c a n v ie w th e a v a i l a b le i n f o r m a t i o n w h i c h a r e p u t b y a d m in is tr a to r p a n e l o n th e s ite . T h e y c a n h a v e fu ll d e ta ils o f h o s p ita l, d o c to r a v a ila b le and can fin a lly r e g is te r th e m s e lv e s . It is o n ly

r e q u ir e d b y th e n e w u s e r s to r e g is te r b u t n o t th e e x is tin g u s e r s . O n c e y o u h a v e r e g is te r e d y o u r s e lf a n d c o n fir m e d it th e a d m in is tr a to r p a n e l w ill in n o tim e s ta r t y o u r s e r v ic e .

D ia g r a m th e

w h ic h

show s H o s p it a l

th e

w o r k in g

of

O n lin e

M anagem ent

S y s te m

s t a r t e d w i t h s t u d y i n g t h e e x i s t in g s y s t e m a n d th e n p in p o in tin g to th e s p e c ific a tio n s n e e d e d in th e n e w s y s te m b e in g d e v e lo p e d . L a te r o n I fo c u s e d m o r e o n c o d in g d e ta ils . A fte r th e c o d in g w a s c o m p le te , th o r o u g h te s tin g w a s p e r fo r m e d fo r v e r ify in g th e s y s te m .

A B R IE F C O M P A N Y P R O F IL E

Founded p e o p le

in and

2000,

w ith

m is s io n

of

B r in g in g

c o m p u te r

to g e th e r .s u c c e s s fu lly ,

S u n .C o m p u te r E d u c a tio n , th e IT le a r n in g s o lu tio n c o r p o r a tio n , is k n o w n th e fie ld of IT fo r its p io n e e r in g and w o r k in The

e d u c a tio n a

tr a in in g .

com pany

p r o v id e s to

c o m p r e h e n s iv e and

e d u c a tio n

e n v ir o n m e n t

in d iv id u a ls

e n te rp ris e s ,

o ffe r in g tr a in in g th a t is c u s to m iz e d to th e v a r ie d n e e d s o f th e a u d ie n c e w ith d iv e r s e b a c k g r o u n d s .

V IS IO N
T o b e th e le a d e r in th e in d u s tr y o r ie n te d q u a lity e d u c a tio n p re m ie r and tr a in in g fo r and be th e in th e c o u n tr y s fie ld of

in s titu te

c e r tific a tio n and

in fo r m a tio n ,

e le c tr o n ic s

c o m m u n ic a tio n s

te c h n o lo g y (IE C T ) .

M IS S IO N
T o b e th e s in g le s o u r c e fo r q u a lity a s s u r a n c e in c o m p u te r in s titu te s . e d u c a tio n am ongst th e n a tio n s

O B J E C T IV E S :
1 . E s ta b lis h its e lf a s a n in s titu te o f e x c e lle n c e fo r im p a r tin g q u a lity e d u c a tio n manpower and and in tr a in in g a re a s of to g e n e r a te

in fo r m a tio n te c h n o lo g y

E le c tr o n ic s ( IE C T ) . 2 . F a c ilita te

c o m m u n ic a tio n

e d u c a tio n

and

tr a in in g

in s titu te s

in

th e n o n - fo r m a l s e c to r . 3 . D e v e lo p a m e c h a n is m fo r d y n a m ic r e v is io n o f c o u r s e c u r r ic u la a n d d e v e lo p m e n t o f th e le a r n in g m a te r ia ls in th e te x tb o o k , C D -R O M and web

b a s e d fo r m . 4 . I m p a r t c o n tin u in g e d u c a tio n /r e fr e s h e r tr a in in g a n d c o r p o r a te tr a in in g to e n g in e e r in g g r a d u a te s , w o r k in g p r o fe s s io n a ls a n d o th e r s .

5.

D e v e lo p in

and

im p le m e n t a re a s

new as

schem es r e q u ir e d

of by

c o u rs e s

e m e r g in g

in d u s tr ie s a n d o th e r s . 6. U n d e r ta k e d e v e lo p p r o je c t s and p r o v id e

s e r v ic e s in IT a n d r e la te d a r e a s .

IM P L E M E N T A T IO N E N V IR O N M E N T IN T R O D U C T IO N :
I m p le m e n ta tio n w h e re th e is th e s ta g e in is th e p r o je c t in to

th e o r e tic a l d e s ig n

tu r n e d

th e w o r k in g s y s te m a n d is g iv in g c o n fid e n c e to th e n e w s y s te m fo r th e u s e r s i.e . w ill w o r k e f f i c i e n t l y a n d e f f e c t i v e l y . I t in v o l v e s c a r e f u l p la n n in g , in v e s tig a tio n o f th e c u r r e n t s y s te m and its of an c o n s tr a in ts m e th o d to on im p le m e n ta tio n , th e change over

d e s ig n o v e r,

a c h ie v e of

e v a lu a tio n ,

change

m e t h o d s . A p a r t f r o m p l a n n i n g m a jo r t a s k o f p r e p a r i n g t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n is e d u c a t i o n o f u s e rs . The m o re c o m p le x s y s te m is

im p le m e n te d , th e m o r e in v o lv e d w ill b e th e s y s te m ju s t f o r a n a ly s is and d e s ig n e ffo r t r e q u ir e d im p le m e n ta tio n

im p le m e n ta tio n . A n

c o o r d in a tin g c o m m itte e b a s e d o n p o lic ie s o f in d iv id u a l o r g a n iz a tio n h a s b e e n a p p o in te d . The i m p le m e n ta tio n p ro c e s s b e g in s w ith

p r e p a r in g a p la n fo r th e im p le m e n ta tio n fo r th e s y s te m . A c c o r d in g to to th is p la n , th e

a c tiv itie s a r e

b e c a r r ie d

o u t, d is c u s s io n s

m ay

r e g a r d in g

th e

e q u ip m e n t

has

to

be

a c q u ir e d to im p le m e n t th e n e w s y s te m . I m p le m e n ta tio n is th e fin a l and im p o r ta n t

p h a s e . T h e m o s t c r itic a l s ta g e is in a c h ie v in g a s u c c e s s fu l n e w c o n fid e n c e and be s y s te m th a t th e a n d in g iv in g new s y s te m can th e w ill be is

u s e rs w o rk

e ffe c tiv e . T h e o n ly a fte r

s y s te m

im p le m e n te d

th o r o u g h

te s tin g

d o n e a n d if it fo u n d to w o r k in g a c c o r d in g to th e s p e c ific a tio n . T h is m e th o d a ls o o ffe r s th e g r e a te s t s e c u r ity s in c e th e o ld s y s te m can

ta k e o v e r if th e e r r o r s a r e fo u n d o r in a b ility to h a n d le c e r ta in ty p e s of tr a n s a c tio n w h ile

u s in g th e n e w s y s te m . A t th e b e g in n in g o f th e d e v e lo p m e n t p h a s e a p r e lim in a r y im p le m e n ta tio n p la n is c r e a te d to s c h e d u le a c tiv itie s The and manage th e m any d iffe r e n t in to p la n .

th a t m u s t b e

in te g r a te d p la n is

im p le m e n ta tio n th e in a

u p d a te d phase, fo r th e of

th ro u g h o u t c u lm in a tin g o p e r a tio n

d e v e lo p m e n t change The a re over p la n

phase.

m a jo r

e le m e n ts

im p le m e n ta tio n p la n ,

p la n

te s t p la n , tr a in in g p la n , and a

e q u ip m e n t

in s ta lla tio n

c o n v e r s io n p la n .

T h ere

are

th re e

typ e s

of

im p le m e n ta t io n :
o I m p le m e n ta tio n o f a c o m p u te r s y s te m to r e p la c e a m a n u a l s y s te m . o I m p le m e n ta tio n of a new c o m p u te r

s y s te m to r e p la c e a n e x is tin g s y s te m . o I m p le m e n ta tio n o f a m o d ifie d a p p lic a tio n to r e p la c e an e x is tin g one, u s in g th e

s a m e c o m p u te r . I n t h i s p r o je c t , i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a c o m p u t e r s y s te m to re p la c e a m a n u a l s y s te m is d o n e . S u c c e s s fu l g u a r a n te e u s in g th e im p le m e n ta tio n im p r o v e m e n t in new w ill s y s te m , p re v e n t it. th e m ay not

o r g a n iz a tio n im p r o p e r has been cannot

but It

in s ta lla tio n

o b s e rv e d th a t e v e n th e b e s t s y s te m show th e good r e s u lt if th e do a n a ly s ts n o t a tte n d a re a

m a n a g in g to e v e ry th e

im p le m e n ta tio n

im p o r ta n t d e ta il. T h is is a n

w h e re

s y s te m s a n a ly s ts n e e d to w o r k w ith u t m o s t c a re .

IM P L E M E N T A T IO N T O O L S :
   T r a in in g p e r s o n n e l C o n v e rs io n P r o c e d u re s P o s t- im p le m e n ta tio n r e v ie w

.N E T F r a m e w o r k S y s te m R e q u ir e m e n t s
To e n s u re a d e q u a te has th e p e r fo r m a n c e , fo llo w in g th e .N E T and F ra m e w o rk m in im u m

r e c o m m e n d e d s y s te m r e q u ir e m e n ts fo r c lie n t a n d s e r v e r a p p lic a tio n s .

U S E R S R E Q U IR E M E N T :

S O F T W A R E R E Q U IR E M E N T S P E C IF IC A T IO N
The s o ftw a r e r e q u ir e m e n t s p e c ific a tio n is

p r o d u c e d a t th e c u lm in a tio n o f th e a n a ly s is ta s k . The to fu n c tio n s o ftw a re a re r e fin e d and as by p a rt p e r fo r m a n c e of s y s te m a

a llo c a te d

e n g in e e r in g

e s ta b lis h in g

c o m p le te in fo r m a tio n d e s c r ip tio n , a d e ta ile d fu n c tio n a l s y s te m d e s c r ip tio n , b e h a v io r , a an r e p r e s e n ta tio n in d i c a t i o n and of of

p e r fo r m a n c e c o n s tr a in ts and o th e r

r e q u ir e m e n t a p p ro p ria te

d e s ig n c r ite r ia , to

v a lid a tio n

in fo r m a tio n

p e r tin e n t

r e q u ir e m e n t. The in tr o d u c tio n to s o ftw a re r e q u ir e m e n ts

s p e c i f i c a t i o n s t a t e s t h e g o a l s a n d o b je c t i v e s o f th e s o ftw a r e , d e s c r ib in g it in th e c o n te x t o f th e c o m p u te r b a s e d s y s te m .

The

In fo r m a tio n

D e s c r ip tio n

p r o v id e s

d e ta ile d d e s c r ip tio n o f th e p r o b le m s o ftw a re m ust s o lv e . In fo r m a tio n

th a t th e c o n te n t,

flo w a n d s tr u c tu r e a r e d o c u m e n te d . A d e s c r ip tio n th e of each is f u n c t io n r e q u ir e d in to th e

s o lv e

p r o b le m

p r e s e n te d

F u n c tio n a l D e s c r ip tio n . V a lid a tio n im p o r ta n t n e g le c te d C r ite r ia and is p r o b a b ly th e th e th e m ost m ost o fte n

ir o n ic a lly of

s e c tio n

s o ftw a r e

r e q u ir e m e n t s p e c ific a tio n . S o ftw a r e used fo r r e q u ir e m e n t d iffe r e n t s p e c ific a tio n H e re can a re be th e

p u rp o s e .

m a jo r u s e s .

S ta te m e n t o f u s e r n e e d s :
A m a in p u r p o s e o f th e p r o d u c t s p e c ific a tio n is to d e fin e th e n e e d o f th e p r o d u c ts u s e r . S o m e ti m e s , th e s p e c ific a tio n m a y b e a p a r t o f a c o n tr a c t s ig n b e tw e e n th e p r o d u c e r a n d th e u s e r . It c o u ld a ls o fo r m p a r t o f th e u s e r m a n u a ls . A n o t c le a r ly u s e r s needs by a re s o m e tim e s

u n d e rs to o d

th e

d e v e lo p e r . If

th is is th e c a s e , a c a r e fu l a n a ly s is in v o lv in g m uch in te r a c tio n to w ith a th e user s h o u ld be of

d e v o te d

r e a c h in g in

c le a r to

s ta te m e n t

r e q u ir e m e n ts ,

o rd e r

a v o id

p o s s ib le

m is u n d e r s ta n d in g s .

S o m e tim e s , even th e

at

th e has

b e g in n in g no c le a r

of

p r o je c t , of what fo r no

user

id e a is .

e x a c tly in s ta n c e

th e

d e s ir e d

p ro d u c t , a

T h in k

o f u s e r in te r fa c e

u s e r w ith

p r e v io u s e x p e r ie n c e w ith c o m p u te r p r o d u c ts m a y n o t a p p r e c ia te th e d iffe r e n c e b e tw e e n ,

s a y m e n u d r iv e n in te r a c tio n a n d a c o m m a n d lin e in te r fa c e . Even and an exact fo r m a tio n may of be

s y s te m

fu n c tio n s

p e r fo r m a n c e

m is s in g a n in itia l d e s c r ip tio n p r o d u c e d b y a n in e x p e r ie n c e d u s e r .

A s ta te m e n t o f th e r e q u ir e m e n ts fo r th e im p le m e n t a tio n :
S p e c ific a tio n s a r e a ls o u s e d a s a r e fe r e n c e p o in t d u r in g p r o d u c t im p le m e n ta tio n . In fa c t, th e u ltim a te g o a l o f th e im p le m e n ta tio n is to b u ild Thus a th e p ro d u c t th a t needs use s p e c ific a tio n . s p e c ific a tio n s

im p le m e n te r s

d u r in g d e s ig n to m a k e d e s ig n d e c is io n s a n d d u r in g th e v e r ific a tio n th e im p le m e n ta tio n a c tiv ity to c h e c k th a t w ith

c o m p ile s

s p e c ific a tio n s .

S O F T W A R E R E Q U IR E M E N T : The f o llo w in g are th e s o ftw a re

r e q u ir e d fo r th e p r o je c t:

 M B RAM   

M ic r o s o ft

W in d o w s

N T /X P

192

A S P .N E T (W e b B a se d ) 3 .5 M ic r o s o ft S Q L S e r v e r 2 0 0 5 M ic r o s o ft Internet I n f o r m a t io n

S e r v e r (II S ) 4 .0  M i c r o s o f t I n t e r n e t E x p lo r e r

H A R D W A R E R E Q U IR E M E N T : The fo llo w in g are th e h ard w are

r e q u ir e d fo r th e p r o je c t:
 PC w ith c o re 2 d u a l

P r o c e s s o r,4 5 0 M H z (R e c o m m e n d e d P e n tiu m III

P r o c e s s o r,8 0 0 M H z )   space.  PC s h o u ld be c o n n e c te d w ith 192 M B RAM M in im u m 1 .2 G B h a rd d is k

N e tw o r k ( L A N )  C D -R O M (4 8 X or h ig h e r

re c o m m e n d e d ).  d e v ic e .  A P r in te r to ta k e o u t R e p o r ts . M ouse or S im ila r P o in tin g

ABO UT LANG UAGES: A S P .N E T :

A S P .N E T is a te c h n o lo g y th a t a llo w s u s to

b u ild a n d c o n tr o l d y n a m ic W e b p a g e s e a s ily . It a ls o p r o v id e s m a n y e n h a n c e m e n ts to ta k e a d v a n ta g e in te r a c t pages d e v ic e s b u ild of new te c h n o lo g y as we can W eb m o b ile even fr o m

w ith fo r

d a ta b a s e s ,

p e r s o n a liz e page on and s ite

v is ito r s , d is p la y as c e ll

(s u c h

p h o n e s),

an

e n tir e

e -c o m m e rc e

s c r a tc h . P r e v io u s ly in te r n e t w o rk s an on in te g r a l

r e q u e s t/r e s p o n s e

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d i s t r i b u t e i n f o r m a t i o n , i t 's r a t h e r s i m p l e a n d s ta tic . W h e n th e p r o c e s s is o v e r , o n c e c lie n t r e c e iv e s th e r e q u e s tin g p a g e fr o m th e s e r v e r th e s e rve r has no id e a what th e c lie n t is

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b e tw e e n s e r v e r a n d c lie n ts , k n o w n a s e v e n td r iv e n m o d e l.A S P .N E T w o r k o n th is m o d e l, it d e te c ts a c tio n a n d r e s p o n d s to th e m i.e . th e s e r v e r w a its a ro u n d fo r s o m e th in g to h a p p e n o n th e c lie n t. O n c e it d o e s , th e s e r v e r ta k e s

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r e c o m m e n d e d fo r fr e q u e n t u s e . In s te a d , y o u u s e th e c o d e d e c la r a tio n b lo c k s , w h ic h a r e c o m p ile d a n d p r o v id e b e tte r p e r fo r m a n c e .

S Q L S to re d P ro c e d u re s
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s ta te m e n ts s to r e d u n d e r a n a m e a n d p ro c e s s e d as u n it .S Q L fo r SERVER m a n a g in g s u p p lie s SQ L s to r e d and and

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s ta te m e n ts c o m p ile d in to a s in g le e x e c u tio n p la n . M ic r o s o ft SQ L S e rv e r 2005 s to r e d

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a s a s e r ie s o f S Q L s ta te m e n ts . C o n d itio n a l lo g ic a p p lie d to th e r e s u lts o f th e fir s t S Q L s ta te m e n ts d e te r m in e s w h ic h subsequent

S Q L s ta te m e n ts a re e x e c u te d . If th e s e S Q L s ta te m e n ts a n d c o n d itio n a l lo g ic a r e w r itte n in to a s to r e d p r o c e d u r e , th e y b e c o m e p a r t o f a s in g le e x e c u tio n do p la n to on be th e s e rv e r. T h e to th e

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O v e r v ie w o f th e .N E T F r a m e w o r k
T h e .N E T F r a m e w o r k is a n e w c o m p u tin g p la tfo r m th a t s im p lifie s a p p lic a tio n d e v e lo p m e n t in th e h ig h ly d is tr ib u te d e n v ir o n m e n t o f th e In te r n e t. T h e .N E T F r a m e w o r k is d e s ig n e d to f u l f i l l t h e f o l l o w i n g o b je c t i v e s :
 T o p r o v i d e a c o n s i s t e n t o b je c t - o r i e n t e d

p r o g r a m m i n g e n v i r o n m e n t w h e t h e r o b je c t c o d e is s to r e d a n d e x e c u te d lo c a lly , e x e c u t e d l o c a l l y b u t I n t e r n e t - d is t r i b u t e d , o r e x e c u te d r e m o te ly .

 T o p r o v id e a c o d e - e x e c u tio n e n v ir o n m e n t

th a t m in im iz e s s o ftw a r e d e p lo y m e n t a n d v e r s io n in g c o n flic ts .
 T o p r o v id e a c o d e - e x e c u tio n e n v ir o n m e n t

th a t g u a r a n te e s s a fe e x e c u tio n o f c o d e , in c lu d in g c o d e c r e a te d b y a n u n k n o w n o r s e m i- tr u s te d th ir d p a r ty .
 T o p r o v id e a c o d e - e x e c u tio n e n v ir o n m e n t

th a t e lim in a te s th e p e r fo r m a n c e p r o b le m s o f s c r ip te d o r in te r p r e te d e n v iro n m e n ts .
 T o m a k e t h e d e v e l o p e r e x p e r ie n c e

c o n s is te n t a c r o s s w id e ly v a r y in g ty p e s o f a p p lic a tio n s , s u c h a s W in d o w s - b a s e d a p p lic a tio n s a n d W e b - b a s e d a p p lic a tio n s .

 T o b u ild a ll c o m m u n ic a tio n o n in d u s tr y

s ta n d a r d s to e n s u r e th a t c o d e b a s e d o n th e .N E T F r a m e w o r k c a n in te g r a te w ith a n y o th e r c o d e . T h e .N E T F ra m e w o r k h a s tw o m a in c o m p o n e n ts :  th e c o m m o n la n g u a g e r u n tim e a n d  th e .N E T F r a m e w o r k c la s s lib r a r y . T h e c o m m o n la n g u a g e r u n tim e is th e fo u n d a tio n o f th e .N E T F r a m e w o r k . Y o u c a n th in k o f th e r u n tim e a s a n a g e n t th a t m a n a g e s c o d e a t e x e c u tio n tim e , p r o v id in g c o r e s e r v ic e s s u c h a s m e m o r y m a n a g e m e n t, th re a d m a n a g e m e n t, a n d r e m o tin g , w h ile a ls o e n fo r c in g s tr ic t ty p e s a fe ty a n d o th e r fo r m s o f c o d e a c c u r a c y th a t e n s u r e s e c u r ity a n d r o b u s tn e s s . In fa c t, th e c o n c e p t o f

c o d e m a n a g e m e n t is a fu n d a m e n ta l p r in c ip le o f th e r u n ti m e . C o d e th a t ta r g e ts th e r u n ti m e is k n o w n a s m a n a g e d c o d e , w h ile c o d e th a t d o e s n o t ta r g e t th e r u n tim e is k n o w n a s u n m a n a g e d c o d e . T h e c la s s lib r a r y , th e o th e r m a in c o m p o n e n t o f th e .N E T F r a m e w o r k , is a c o m p r e h e n s i v e , o b je c t - o r i e n t e d c o l l e c t i o n o f r e u s a b le ty p e s th a t y o u c a n u s e to d e v e lo p a p p lic a tio n s r a n g in g fr o m tr a d itio n a l c o m m a n d lin e o r g r a p h ic a l u s e r in te r fa c e ( G U I) a p p lic a tio n s to a p p lic a tio n s b a s e d o n th e la te s t in n o v a tio n s p r o v id e d b y A S P .N E T , s u c h a s W e b F o r m s a n d X M L W e b s e r v ic e s . T h e .N E T F r a m e w o r k c a n b e h o s te d b y u n m a n a g e d c o m p o n e n ts th a t lo a d th e c o m m o n la n g u a g e r u n tim e in to th e ir p r o c e s s e s a n d in itia te th e e x e c u tio n o f m a n a g e d c o d e , th e r e b y c r e a tin g a s o ftw a r e e n v ir o n m e n t th a t c a n e x p lo it b o th m a n a g e d a n d u n m a n a g e d fe a tu r e s . T h e .N E T F r a m e w o r k n o t o n ly p r o v id e s s e v e r a l r u n tim e h o s ts , b u t a ls o s u p p o r ts th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f th ir d p a r ty r u n tim e h o s ts . F o r e x a m p le , A S P .N E T h o s ts th e r u n tim e to p r o v id e a s c a la b le , s e r v e r - s id e e n v ir o n m e n t fo r m a n a g e d c o d e . A S P .N E T w o r k s d ir e c tly w ith th e r u n tim e to e n a b le A S P .N E T a p p lic a tio n s a n d X M L W e b s e r v ic e s , b o th o f w h ic h a r e d is c u s s e d la te r in th is to p ic .

In te r n e t E x p lo r e r is a n e x a m p le o f a n u n m a n a g e d a p p lic a tio n th a t h o s ts th e r u n tim e ( in th e fo r m o f a M IM E ty p e e x te n s io n ) . U s in g In te r n e t E x p lo r e r to h o s t th e r u n tim e e n a b le s y o u to e m b e d m a n a g e d c o m p o n e n ts o r W in d o w s F o r m s c o n tr o ls in H T M L d o c u m e n ts . H o s tin g th e r u n tim e in th is w a y m a k e s m a n a g e d m o b ile c o d e ( s i m ila r to M ic r o s o ft A c tiv e X c o n tr o ls ) p o s s ib le , b u t w ith s ig n ific a n t i m p r o v e m e n ts th a t o n ly m a n a g e d c o d e c a n o ffe r , s u c h a s s e m i- tr u s te d e x e c u tio n a n d s e c u r e is o la te d file s to r a g e .

C lie n t A p p lic a tio n D e v e lo p m e n t

C lie n t a p p lic a tio n s a r e th e c lo s e s t to a tr a d itio n a l s ty le o f a p p lic a tio n in W in d o w s - b a s e d p r o g r a m m in g . T h e s e a r e th e ty p e s o f a p p lic a tio n s th a t d is p la y w in d o w s o r fo r m s o n th e d e s k to p , e n a b lin g a u s e r to p e r fo r m a ta s k . C lie n t a p p lic a tio n s in c lu d e a p p lic a tio n s s u c h a s w o r d p r o c e s s o r s a n d s p r e a d s h e e ts , a s w e ll a s c u s to m b u s in e s s a p p lic a tio n s s u c h a s d a ta - e n tr y to o ls , r e p o r tin g to o ls , a n d s o o n . C lie n t a p p lic a tio n s u s u a lly e m p lo y w in d o w s , m e n u s , b u tto n s , a n d o t h e r G U I e l e m e n t s , a n d t h e y li k e l y a c c e s s l o c a l r e s o u r c e s s u c h a s th e file s y s te m a n d p e r ip h e r a ls s u c h a s p r in te r s . A n o th e r k in d o f c lie n t a p p lic a tio n is th e tr a d itio n a l A c tiv e X c o n tr o l ( n o w r e p la c e d b y th e m a n a g e d W in d o w s F o r m s c o n tr o l) d e p lo y e d o v e r th e In te r n e t a s a W e b p a g e . T h is a p p lic a tio n is m u c h

lik e o th e r c lie n t a p p lic a tio n s : it is e x e c u te d n a tiv e ly , h a s a c c e s s to lo c a l r e s o u r c e s , a n d in c lu d e s g r a p h ic a l e le m e n ts . In th e p a s t, d e v e lo p e r s c r e a te d s u c h a p p lic a tio n s u s i n g C / C + + i n c o n ju n c t i o n w i t h t h e M i c r o s o f t F o u n d a tio n C la s s e s ( M F C ) o r w ith a r a p id a p p lic a tio n d e v e lo p m e n t ( R A D ) e n v ir o n m e n t s u c h a s M ic r o s o ft V is u a l B a s ic . T h e .N E T F r a m e w o r k in c o r p o r a te s a s p e c ts o f th e s e e x is tin g p r o d u c ts in to a s in g le , c o n s is te n t d e v e lo p m e n t e n v ir o n m e n t th a t d r a s tic a lly s i m p lifie s th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f c lie n t a p p lic a tio n s . T h e W in d o w s F o r m s c la s s e s c o n ta in e d in th e .N E T F r a m e w o r k a r e d e s ig n e d to b e u s e d fo r G U I d e v e lo p m e n t. Y o u c a n e a s ily c r e a te c o m m a n d w in d o w s , b u tto n s , m e n u s , to o lb a r s , a n d o th e r s c r e e n e le m e n ts w ith th e fle x ib ility n e c e s s a r y to a c c o m m o d a te s h iftin g b u s in e s s needs. F o r e x a m p le , th e .N E T F r a m e w o r k p r o v id e s s i m p l e p r o p e r t i e s t o a d ju s t v i s u a l a t t r i b u t e s a s s o c ia te d w ith fo r m s . In s o m e c a s e s th e u n d e r ly in g o p e r a tin g s y s te m d o e s n o t s u p p o r t c h a n g in g th e s e a ttr ib u te s d ir e c tly , a n d in th e s e c a s e s th e .N E T F r a m e w o r k a u to m a tic a lly r e c r e a te s th e fo r m s . T h is is o n e o f m a n y w a y s in w h ic h th e .N E T F r a m e w o r k in te g r a te s th e d e v e lo p e r in te r fa c e , m a k in g c o d in g s im p le r a n d m o r e c o n s is te n t.

U n lik e A c tiv e X c o n tr o ls , W in d o w s F o r m s c o n tr o ls h a v e s e m i- tr u s te d a c c e s s t o a u s e r 's c o m p u t e r . T h is m e a n s th a t b in a r y o r n a tiv e ly e x e c u tin g c o d e c a n a c c e s s s o m e o f t h e r e s o u r c e s o n th e u s e r 's s y s te m ( s u c h a s G U I e le m e n ts a n d lim ite d file a c c e s s ) w ith o u t b e in g a b le to a c c e s s o r c o m p r o m is e o th e r r e s o u rc e s . B e c a u s e o f c o d e a c c e s s s e c u r ity , m a n y a p p lic a tio n s th a t o n c e n e e d e d t o b e in s ta lle d o n a u s e r 's s y s te m c a n n o w b e s a fe ly d e p lo y e d th r o u g h th e W e b . Y o u r a p p lic a tio n s c a n im p le m e n t th e fe a tu r e s o f a lo c a l a p p lic a tio n w h ile b e in g d e p lo y e d lik e a W e b page.

S e r v e r A p p lic a tio n D e v e lo p m e n t
S e r v e r - s id e a p p lic a tio n s in th e m a n a g e d w o r ld a r e im p le m e n te d th r o u g h r u n tim e h o s ts . U n m a n a g e d a p p lic a tio n s h o s t th e c o m m o n la n g u a g e r u n tim e , w h ic h a llo w s y o u r c u s to m m a n a g e d c o d e to c o n tr o l th e b e h a v io r o f th e s e r v e r . T h is m o d e l p r o v id e s y o u w ith a ll th e fe a tu r e s o f th e c o m m o n la n g u a g e r u n tim e a n d c la s s lib r a r y w h ile g a in in g th e p e r fo r m a n c e a n d s c a la b ility o f th e h o s t s e r v e r . T h e fo llo w in g illu s tr a tio n s h o w s a b a s ic n e tw o r k s c h e m a w ith m a n a g e d c o d e r u n n in g in d iffe r e n t s e r v e r e n v ir o n m e n ts . S e r v e r s s u c h a s IIS a n d S Q L S e r v e r c a n p e r fo r m s ta n d a r d o p e r a tio n s w h ile y o u r a p p lic a tio n lo g ic e x e c u te s th r o u g h th e m anaged code.

W h a t 's N e w in V is u a l B a s ic .N E T 2 0 0 8
V is u a l B a s ic .N E T 2 0 0 8 h a s a d d e d fu n c tio n a lity th a t s i m p lifie s b it m a n ip u la tio n a n d lo o p v a r ia b le d e c la r a tio n . M ic r o s o ft r e le a s e d A S P .N E T 3 .5 o n N o v e m b e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 7 . A lo n g w ith it, w a s r e le a s e d V is u a l S tu d io 2 0 0 8 . T h is e v o lu tio n fr o m A S P .N E T 2 .0 to A S P .N E T 3 .5 is q u ie t g r a d u a l. A S P .N E T 3 .5 u s e s th e s a m e e n g in e a s th a t o f A S P .N E T 2 .0 , w ith s o m e e x tr a fe a tu r e s a d d e d o n to p o f it. In th is a r tic le , w e w ill e x p lo r e th e n e w fe a tu r e s a d d e d to A S P .N E T 3 .5 . T h is a r tic le a s s u m e s th a t y o u h a v e b e e n w o r k in g o n A S P .N E T 2 .0 .

N e w F e a tu r e s in A S P .N E T 3 .5

A S P .N E T A J A X In A S P .N E T 2 .0 , A S P .N E T A J A X w a s u s e d a s a n e x te n s io n to it. Y o u h a d to d o w n lo a d th e e x te n s io n s a n d in s ta ll it. H o w e v e r in A S P .N E T 3 .5 , A S P .N E T A J A X is in te g ra te d in to th e .N E T F r a m e w o r k , th e r e b y m a k in g th e p r o c e s s o f b u ild in g c o o l u s e r in te r fa c e s e a s ie r a n d in tu itiv e . T h e in te g r a tio n b e tw e e n w e b p a r ts a n d th e u p d a te p a n e l is m u c h s m o o th e r . A n o th e r

n o tic e a b le fe a tu r e is th a t y o u c a n n o w a d d A S P .N E T A J A X C o n tro l E x te n d e rs to th e to o lb o x in V S 2 0 0 8 . E v e n th o u g h th is is a n ID E s p e c ific fe a tu r e , h o w e v e r I fe e l it d e s e r v e s a m e n tio n o v e r h e r e fo r d e v e lo p e r s , w h o h a d to a d d e x te n d e r s u s in g s o u r c e v ie w e a r lie r . It is a ls o w o r th n o tin g th a t W in d o w s C o m m u n ic a tio n F o u n d a tio n (W C F ) n o w s u p p o r ts J S O N a lo n g w ith o th e r s ta n d a r d p r o to c o ls lik e and PO X. N e w C o n tr o ls T h e L is tV ie w a n d D a ta P a g e r a r e n e w c o n tr o ls a d d e d a lo n g w ith a n e w d a ta s o u r c e c o n tr o l c a lle d th e L in q D a ta S o u r c e . L is tV ie w T h e L is tV ie w c o n tr o l is q u ie t fle x ib le a n d c o n ta in s fe a tu r e s o f th e G rid v ie w , D a ta g r id , R e p e a te r a n d s im ila r lis t c o n tr o ls a v a ila b le in A S P .N E T 2 .0 . It p r o v id e s th e a b ility to in s e r t, d e le te , p a g e ( u s in g D a ta P a g e r) , s o r t a n d e d it d a ta . H o w e v e r o n e fe a tu r e o f th e L is tV ie w c o n tr o l th a t s ta n d s a p a r t, is th a t it g iv e s y o u a g r e a t a m o u n t o f fle x ib ility o v e r th e m a r k u p g e n e r a te d . S o y o u h a v e a c o m p le te c o n tr o l o n h o w th e d a ta is to b e d is p la y e d . Y o u c a n n o w r e n d e r y o u r d a ta w ith o u t u s in g th e < ta b le > ta g . SO AP, RSS

Y o u a ls o g e t a ric h s e t o f te m p la te s w ith th e L is tV ie w c o n tr o l. D a ta P a g e r D a ta P a g e r p r o v id e s p a g in g s u p p o r t to th e L is tV ie w c o n tr o l. T h e b e s t a d v a n ta g e is th a t y o u n e e d n o t h a v e to k e e p it tie d w ith th e c o n tr o l o n w h ic h th e p a g in g is b e in g d o n e . Y o u c a n k e e p it a n y w h e r e o n th e p a g e . D a ta P a g e r g iv e s y o u a c o n s is te n t w a y o f p a g in g w ith th e c o n tr o ls th a t s u p p o r t it. C u r r e n tly o n ly L is tV ie w s u p p o r ts it a s it im p le m e n ts th e IP a g e a b le Ite m C o n ta in e r . H o w e v e r s u p p o r t is lik e ly to b e a d d e d to o th e r L is t c o n tr o ls a s w e ll. L IN Q L IN Q ( L a n g u a g e In te g r a te d Q u e r y ) a d d s n a tiv e d a ta q u e r y in g c a p a b ility to C # a n d V B .N E T a lo n g w ith th e c o m p ile r a n d In te llig e n c e s u p p o r t. L IN Q is a c o m p o n e n t o f .N E T 3 .5 . L IN Q d e fin e s o p e r a to r s th a t a llo w y o u to c o d e y o u r q u e r y in a c o n s is te n t m a n n e r o v e r d a t a b a s e s , o b je c t s a n d X M L . T h e A S P .N E T

L in q D a ta S o u r c e c o n tr o l a llo w s y o u to u s e L IN Q to filte r , o r d e r a n d g r o u p d a ta b e fo r e b in d in g to th e L is t c o n tr o ls .

O th e r Im p o r ta n t

P o in ts

1.

A S P .N E T 3 .5 p r o v id e s b e tte r s u p p o r t to

IIS 7 . IIS 7 a n d A S P .N E T 3 .5 m o d u le s a n d h a n d le r s s u p p o r t u n ifie d c o n fig u r a tio n . 2. Y o u c a n h a v e m u ltip le v e r s io n s o f

A S P .N E T o n th e s a m e m a c h in e . 3. F o r th o s e w h o a r e w o n d e rin g w h a t

h a p p e n e d to A S P .N E T 3 .0 , w e ll th e r e is n t a n y th in g c a lle d A S P .N E T 3 .0 . 4. V S 2 0 0 2 w o r k e d w ith A S P .N E T 1 .0 , V S

2 0 0 3 w o r k e d w ith A S P .N E T 1 .1 , a n d V S 2 0 0 5 w o r k e d w ith A S P .N E T 2 .0 . H o w e v e r V S 2 0 0 8 s u p p o r ts m u lti- ta r g e tin g , i.e it w o r k s w ith A S P .N E T 2 .0 , a n d A S P .N E T 3 .5 .

S Y S T E M D E V E L O P M E N T L IF E C Y C L E
The L ife fir s t s te p C y c le in th e S y s te m is th e th e D e v e lo p m e n t p r e lim in a r y fe a s ib ility of

(S D L C ) to

in v e s tig a tio n

d e te r m in e

th e s y s te m . T h e p u r p o s e o f th e p r e lim in a r y i n v e s t i g a t i o n i s t o e v a l u a t e p r o je c t r e q u e s t s . It is n o t a d e s ig n s tu d y n o r d o e s it in c lu d e th e c o lle c tio n of d e ta ils to d e s c rib e th e

b u s in e s s s y s te m in a ll a s p e c t. R a th e r it is th e c o lle c tin g c o m m itte e of th e in fo r m a tio n to e v a lu a te th a t th e h e lp s m e r its

m e m b e rs

o f t h e p r o je c t r e q u e s t a n d m a k e a n i n f o r m e d ju d g m e n t about th e f e a s ib i l i t y of th e

p r o p o s e d p r o je c t .

The s h o u ld

p r e lim in a r y a c c o m p lis h

in v e s tig a tio n th e fo llo w in g

o b je c tiv e s .
 C la r ify r e q u e s t.  D e t e r m i n e t h e s i z e o f t h e p r o je c t .  Assess c o s ts and b e n e fits of and u n d e rs ta n d th e p r o je c t

a lte r n a tiv e a p p r o a c h e s .  D e te r m in e o p e r a tio n a l a p p ro a c h e s . th e te c h n ic a l of and

fe a s ib ility

a lte r n a tiv e

 R e p o r t th e w ith

fin d in g s

to

m a n a g e m e n t; o u tlin in g of th e th e

r e c o m m e n d a tio n s or

a c c e p ta n c e p ro p o s a l

r e je c t i o n

1.

F E A S IB IL IL T Y A N A L Y S IS

W H A T IS A F E A S IB IL IT Y S T U D Y ?
P r io r to s ta tin g w h e th e r th e s y s te m d e v e lo p is fe a s ib le or not we w e h a v e to th a t we

b e lie v e

s h o u ld e m p h a s iz e o n w h a t is im p lie d b y th e w o r d F e a s ib ility . b e n e fic ia l s y s te m or F e a s ib ility p r a c tic a l be to is th e th e m e a s u re of of It is how th e a

d e v e lo p m e n t o r g a n iz a tio n .

w ill

th e

p r e lim in a r y s u r v e y fo r th e s y s te m s in v e s tig a tio n . It a im s to p r o v id e in fo r m a tio n to fa c ilita te a la te r in - d e p th in v e s tig a tio n . T h e r e p o r t p r o d u c e d a t th e e n d o f th e fe a s ib ility s tu d y c o n ta in s s u g g e s tio n s and re a s o n e d w h e th e r a rg u m e n ts to to h e lp management re s o u rc e s to

d e c id e

c o m m it fu r th e r

t h e p r o p o s e d p r o je c t . F e a s ib ility s tu d y is d o n e s o th a t a n ill- c o n c e iv e d s y s te m D u r in g is r e c o g n iz e d e a rly in d e fin itio n phase. we

s y s te m

e n g in e e r in g ,

h o w e v e r,

c o n c e n tr a te o u r a tte n tio n o n fo u r p r im a r y a r e a s o f in te r e s t. T h is p h a s e is r e a lly im p o r ta n t a s b e fo r e s ta r tin g w ith th e r e a l w o r k o f b u ild in g th e s y s te m

it w a s v e r y im p o r ta n t to fin d o u t w h e th e r th e id e a th o u g h t is p o s s ib le o r n o t.

 E c o n o m ic

F e a s ib ility : cost

An

e v a lu a tio n a g a in s t

of th e th e

d e v e lo p m e n t

w e ig h te d

u ltim a te in c o m e o r b e n e fit d e r iv e d fr o m d e v e lo p e d s y s te m .

 T e c h n ic a l

F e a s ib ility :

s tu d y

of

fu n c tio n ,

p e r fo r m a n c e a n d c o n s tr a in ts th a t m a y a ffe c t th e a b ility to a c h ie v e a n a c c e p ta b le s y s te m .

 O p e r a tio n a l

F e a s ib ility :

s tu d y

about

th e

o p e r a tio n a l a s p e c ts o f th e s y s te m .

E C O N O M IC A N A L Y S IS
Among c o n ta in e d A n a ly s is th e in and fo r m ost fe a s ib ility im p o r ta n t s tu d y of is in fo r m a tio n C ost th e B e n e fit

assessm ent a

e c o n o m ic s y s te m

ju s t i f i c a t i o n

c o m p u te r

based

p r o je c t . C o s t B e n e f i t A n a l y s i s d e l i n e a t e s c o s t s f o r t h e p r o je c t d e v e l o p m e n t a n d w e i g h s t h e m a g a in s t ta n g ib le and in ta n g ib le b e n e fits of a

s y s te m . C o s t B e n e fits A n a ly s is is c o m p lic a te d b y th e c r ite r ia th a t v a r y w ith th e c h a r a c te r is tic s o f th e s y s te m to b e d e v e lo p e d , th e r e la tiv e s iz e of th e p r o je c t and th e as e x p e c te d p a rt of r e tu rn on

in v e s tm e n t s tr a te g ic

d e s ir e d In

c o m p a n y s b e n e fits

p la n .

a d d itio n ,

many

d e riv e d

fr o m

c o m p u te r- b a s e d b e tte r d e s ig n

s y s te m

a re

in ta n g ib le ite r a tiv e

( e .g .

q u a lity

th r o u g h c u s to m e r c o n tr o l fo r th e

o p tim iz a tio n , th ro u g h is an

in c r e a s e d p r o g r a m m a b le

s a tis fa c tio n e tc .) A s th is

in -h o u s e

p r o je c t

c o m p a n y , to b e u s e d fo r its o w n c o n v e n ie n c e a n d a l s o i t i s n o t t h a t b i g a p r o je c t . S o n e i t h e r i t r e q u ir e s a huge amount of money nor any

c o s tly to o ls o r in fr a s tr u c tu r e n e e d to b e s e t u p fo r it.

T E C H N IC A L A N A L Y S IS
D u r in g te c h n ic a l a n a ly s is , th e te c h n ic a l m e r its o f th e s y s te m a r e s tu d ie d a n d a t th e s a m e ti m e c o lle c tin g p e r fo r m a n c e , p r e d ic ta b ility . T e c h n ic a l a n a ly s is b e g in s w ith a n a s s e s s m e n t of th e te c h n ic a l v ia b ility of th e p ro p o s e d a d d itio n a l r e lia b ility , in fo r m a tio n m a in ta in a b ility about and

s y s te m .

 W hat

te c h n o lo g ie s s y s te m

a re

r e q u ir e d fu n c tio n

to and

a c c o m p lis h e d p e r fo r m a n c e ?

 W h a t n e w m a te r ia ls , m e th o d s , a lg o r ith m s o r p ro c e s s e s a re r e q u ir e d and what is th e ir d e v e lo p m e n t r is k ?

 How

w ill

th e s e

o b ta in e d

fr o m

te c h n ic a l

a n a ly s is fo r m th e b a s is fo r a n o th e r g o /n o - g o d e c is io n o n th e te s t s y s te m ? If th e te c h n ic a l r is k is se ve re , if m o d e ls in d ic a te th a t th e

d e s ir e d fu n c tio n c a n n o t b e a c h ie v e d , if th e p ie c e s ju s t w o n t fit to g e th e r s m o o th ly - its

b a c k to th e d r a w in g b o a r d .

As

th e

s o ftw a r e it is

is

v a ry

m uch

e c o n o m ic a lly be

fe a s ib le , th e n te c h n ic a lly among:

r e a lly The

im p o r ta n t fo r it to s o ftw a r e w ill be

sound.

b u ild

 M S SQ L SERVER

as B ack E nd

 A S P .N E T a s F ro n t E n d

O p e r a tio n a l F e a s ib ilit y
The p r o je c t is o p e r a t i o n a l ly made fe a s ib le . T h is

p r o je c t i s b e i n g

fo r th e c o n v e n ie n c e o f

th e p a tie n ts a n d d o c to r s o n ly . T h is s y s te m w ill g r e a tly r e d u c e because o f th e a huge above b u rd e n s ta te d o f d o c to r s . S o a d v a n ta g e s th e

u s e r s o f th e s y s te m w ill n o t b e r e lu c ta n t a t a ll.

2.

SO FTW ARE L IF E C Y C L E

DEVELO PM ENT

E v e ry

s o ftw a r e

d e v e lo p m e n t c o n s is ts

s e v e ra l

p h a s e s , h a v e c e r ta in p r e d e fin e d w o r k s a n d a t

th e e n d o f e a c h p h a s e d o c u m e n t is p r e p a r e d . T h is phase is based on c e r ta in S o ftw a r e

D e v e lo p m e n t M o d e ls .

SO FTW ARE M O DELS

DEVELO PM ENT

S o ftw a r e

e n g in e e r in g

is

d is c ip lin e

th a t

in te g r a te s p r o c e s s , m e th o d s , a n d to o ls fo r th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f c o m p u te r s o ftw a r e . T o s o lv e

a c tu a l p r o b le m s in a n in d u s tr y s e ttin g , s o ftw a r e e n g in e e r o r a te a m o f s o ftw a r e e n g in e e r s m u s t in c o r p o r a te a d e v e lo p m e n t m e th o d s , and s tr a te g y to o ls . th a t T h is

encom passes,

s tr a te g y is o fte n r e fe r r e d to a s a p r o c e s s m o d e l o r a s o ftw a r e - e n g in e e r in g p a r a d ig m .  A n u m b e r o f d iffe r e n t p r o c e s s m o d e ls fo r th e s o ftw a re each e n g in e e r in g have been p ro p o se d , e x h ib itin g s tr e n g th s and w eaknesses,

b u t a ll h a v in g a s e r ie s o f g e n e r ic p h a s e s in com m on.

p a r tic u la r is

p ro c e s s chosen th e th e

m odel on th e

fo r

s o ftw a r e of th e th e th e

e n g in e e r in g p r o je c t m e th o d s and

n a tu r e at

a p p lic a tio n to o ls to be

hand,

and

used, and

c o n tr o ls a r e r e q u ir e d . A ll s o ftw a r e d e v e lo p m e n t c a n b e c h a r a c te r iz e d a s a p r o b le m - s o lv in g lo o p in w h ic h fo u r d is tin c t s ta g e s a re e n c o u n te re d :  S ta tu s Q u o

 P r o b le m D e fin itio n  T e c h n ic a l D e v e lo p m e n t  S o lu tio n In te g r a tio n

SO FTW ARE A N A L Y S IS

REQUREM ENT

The

r e q u ir e m e n ts and To

g a t h e r in g fo c u s e d th e

p ro c e s s

is on th e

in te n s ifie d s o ftw a re .

s p e c ific a lly n a tu re of

u n d e rs ta n d be b u ilt, th e

p ro g r a m ( s ) to ( a n a ly s t ) d o m a in fu n c tio n , in te r fa c in g .

s o ftw a r e th e

e n g in e e r

m ust

u n d e rs ta n d s o ftw a r e , a s

in fo r m a tio n r e q u ir e d and th e

fo r th e

w e ll a s

b e h a v io r ,

p e r fo r m a n c e , fo r th e b o th

R e q u ir e m e n ts

s y s te m a n d th e s o ftw a re a re d o c u m e n te d a n d r e v ie w e d w ith th e c u s to m e r .

D E S IG N :
S o ftw a r e d e s ig n is a c t u a l ly a m u lti- s te p p r o c e s s th a t fo c u s e s o n fo u r d is tin c t a ttr ib u te s of a p ro g ra m : d a ta s tr u c tu r e s , s o ftw a r e and

a r c h ite c tu r e , p ro c e d u ra l p ro c e s s

in te r fa c e ( a lg o r ith m )

r e p r e s e n ta tio n s , d e ta il. The

d e s ig n in to can a be

tr a n s la te s of th e

r e q u ir e m e n t s o ftw a r e b e fo r e th a t

r e p r e s e n ta tio n assessed b e g in s . fo r L ik e

q u a lity

code th e

g e n e r a tio n d e s ig n is

r e q u ir e m e n ts ,

d o c u m e n te d a n d b e c o m e s p a r t o f th e s o ftw a r e c o n fig u r a tio n .

C O D E G E N E R A T IO N :
T h e d e s ig n m u s t b e tr a n s la te d in to a m a c h in e r e a d a b le fo r m . T h e te s tin g p r o c e s s fo c u s e s o n th e lo g ic a l in te r n a ls o f th e have s o ftw a r e , a s s u r in g te s te d is , and on

th a t a ll s ta te m e n ts th e fu n c tio n a l

been th a t

e x te r n a ls

c o n d u c tin g

te s ts to u n c o v e r e r r o r s a n d e n s u r e th a t d e fin e d in p u ts w ill p r o d u c e a c tu a l r e s u lts th a t a g re e

w ith r e q u ir e d r e s u lts .

T E S T IN G :
O nce code has been g e n e ra te d , p ro g ra m te s tin g b e g in s . T h e te s tin g p r o c e s s fo c u s e s o n th e lo g ic a l in te r n a ls o f th e have s o ftw a r e , a s s u r in g te s te d is , and on

th a t a ll s ta te m e n ts th e fu n c tio n a l

been th a t

e x te r n a ls

c o n d u c tin g

te s ts to u n c o v e r e r r o r s a n d e n s u r e th a t d e fin e d in p u ts w ill p r o d u c e a c tu a l r e s u lts th a t a g re e

w ith r e q u ir e d r e s u lts .

M A IN T E N A N C E :
S o ftw a r e w ill u n d o u b te d ly u n d e rg o change a fte r it is d e liv e r e d to th e c u s to m e r ( A p o s s ib le e x c e p tio n is embedded s o ftw a re ) .C h a n g e w ill

o c c u r b e c a u s e e rr o r s h a v e b e e n e n c o u n te re d , because th e s o ftw a re change m ust in be its a d a p te d to

a c c o m m o d a te

e x te r n a l

e n v ir o n m e n t ( e .g . A c h a n g e r e q u ir e d b e c a u s e of a new or o p e r a tin g because s y s te m th e or p e r ip h e r a l r e q u ir e s

d e v ic e ) ,

c u s to m e r

fu n c tio n a l S o ftw a r e

or

p e r fo r m a n c e

e n h a n c e m e n ts . each of th e

m a in te n a n c e

r e a p p lie s

p r e c e d in g p h a s e s to a n e x is tin g p r o g r a m r a th e r th a n a n e w o n e .

ENTRY CRITERIA

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT & TESTING

EXIT CRITERIA

R e v ie w

D o c u m e n ts

p re p a re d

in

S o ftw a re

D e v e lo p m e n t

 P r o d u c t F e a s ib ility R e v ie w s ( P F R ) .  S o ftw a r e R e q u ir e m e n t R e v ie w ( S R R ) .  P r e lim in a r y D e s ig n R e v ie w ( P D R ) .  S o u r c e C o d e R e v ie w ( S C R ) .  A c c e p ta n c e T e s t R e v ie w ( A T R ) .  P r o d u c t R e le a s e R e v ie w ( P R R ) .  P r o d u c t P o s t- M o r te m ( P P M ) .

2 .1 .2 P R O J E C T S T A R T U P

c o m p le te is

u n d e r s t a n d in g e s s e n tia l to th e

of

s o ftw a re of a

r e q u ir e m e n ts

success

s o ftw a r e d e v e lo p m e n t e ffo r t. N o m a tte r h o w w e ll d e s ig n e d o r w e ll c o d e d , a p o o r ly a n a ly z e d and

s p e c ifie d

p ro g ra m

w ill d is a p p o in t th e

user

and

b r in g g r ie f to th e d e v e lo p e r . The r e q u ir e m e n t a n a ly s is r e fin e m e n t, The s o ftw a r e ta s k is a p ro c e ss of

d is c o v e r y , s p e c ific a tio n .

m o d e lin g , scope,

and in itia lly

e s ta b lis h e d in th e s y s te m - e n g in e e r in g s te p a n d r e fin e d r e fin e d d u r in g in d e ta il. and s o ftw a r e M o d e ls c o n tr o l p r o je c t of th e p la n n in g , r e q u ir e d is

d a ta ,

in fo r m a tio n b e h a v io r

flo w ,

and

o p e r a tio n a l a re

a re

c r e a te d .

A lte r n a tiv e

s o lu tio n s

a llo c a te d to v a r io u s s o ftw a r e e le m e n ts . A c tu a lly , r e q u ir e m e n ts ta s k a n a ly s is th e is a gap and s o ftw a r e b e tw e e n s o ftw a r e

e n g in e e r in g s y s te m -le v e l

th a t b rid g e s

s o ftw a re

a llo c a tio n

d e s ig n s a s s h o w n in fig u r e b e lo w :

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

SOFTWARE DESIGN

R e q u ir e m e n t A n a ly s is
R e q u ir e m e n t e n g in e e r in d ic a te to a n a ly s is s p e c ify e n a b le s and w ith th e s y s te m

fu n c tio n in te r fa c e

p e r fo r m a n c e , o th e r s y s te m

s o ftw a r e s

e le m e n ts , a n d e s ta b lis h c o n s tr a in ts th a t s o ftw a r e m ust m e e t. R e q u ir e m e n ts a llo w th e s o ftw a r e

e n g in e e r r e fin e th e

( o fte n

c a lle d

a n a ly s t

in

th is

r o le )

to

s o ftw a r e

a re

a l lo c a t i o n

and

b u ild

m o d u le s o f th e

d a ta , fu n c tio n a l, a n d

b e h a v io r a l

d o m a in s th a t w ill b e tr e a te d b y s o ftw a r e . A n a ly s is p r o v id e s th e s o ftw a r e d e s ig n e r w ith m o d e ls th a t can be tr a n s la te d and in to d a ta , d e s ig n . a r c h ite c tu r a l, F in a lly , th e

in te r fa c e ,

p ro c e d u ra l

r e q u ir e m e n t s p e c ific a tio n p r o v id e s th e d e v e lo p e r and th e c u s to m e r w ith th e m eans to assess

q u a lity o n c e s o ftw a r e is b u ilt. D e v e lo p e r a n d th e c u s to m e r w ith th e a n a ly s is m a y b e d iv id e d in to

fiv e a r e a s o f e ffo r t: P r o b le m R e c o g n itio n  E v a lu a tio n a n d S y n th e s is  M o d e lin g  S p e c ific a tio n  R e v ie w In itia lly , th e (if It a n a ly s t one is s tu d ie s and to th e th e s y s te m s o ftw a r e to

s p e c ific a tio n p r o je c t p la n .

e x is ts ) im p o r ta n t

im p o r ta n t

u n d e r s ta n d s o ftw a r e in a s y s te m r e v ie w th e s o ftw a r e p la n n in g scope th a t

c o n te x t a n d to was used to

g e n e r a te

e s tim a te s .

N e x t,

c o m m u n ic a tio n fo r a n a ly s is m u s t b e e s ta b lis h e d s o th a t p r o b le m r e c o g n itio n is e n s u r e d . T h e g o a l o f th e a n a ly s t is r e c o g n itio n o f th e b a s ic p r o b le m e le m e n ts as p e r c e iv e d by th e u s e r/c u s to m e r .

P r o b l e m e v a l u a t i o n a n d s o l u t io n s y n t h e s i s i s t h e n e x t m a jo r a r e a o f e f f o r t f o r a n a l y s i s . T h e a n a l y s t m ust d e fin e a ll e x tr e m e ly o b s e rv a b le d a ta

o b je c t s ,

e v a lu a te d e fin e

th e and

flo w

and

c o n te n t a ll

of

in fo r m a tio n ; fu n c tio n ; c o n te x t e s tim a te uncover th e s e th a t

e la b o ra te

s o ftw a re in th e

u n d e rs ta n d of e v e n ts

s o ftw a re th a t

b e h a v io r th e

e ffe c ts

s y s te m ; and of so be

s y s te m a d d itio n a l

in te r fa c e d e s ig n to

c h a r a c te r is tic s ; c o n s tr a in ts . th e

Each

ta s k s an

s e rv e s

d e s c r ib e or

p r o b le m may

o v e r a ll

a p p ro a c h

s o lu tio n

s y n th e s iz e d . U p o n and d e s ir e d

e v a lu a tin g

c u rre n t p r o b le m s o u tp u t) , th e or m o re

in fo r m a tio n to

(in p u t a n d

a n a ly s t

b e g in s To

s y n th e s iz e th e

one

s o lu tio n s .

b e g in s ,

d a ta ,

p r o c e s s in g

fu n c tio n s a n d b e h a v io r o f th e s y s te m a r e d e fin e d in d e ta il. O nce th is in fo r m a tio n has been

e s ta b lis h e d , b a s ic a r c h ite c tu r e fo r im p le m e n ta tio n is c o n s id e r e d . A c lie n t/s e r v e r a p p ro a c h w o u ld

s e e m to b e a p p r o p r ia te , b u t d o e s it fa ll w ith in th e s c o p e o u tlin e d in th e s o ftw a r e p la n ? A d a ta b a s e m a n a g e m e n t s y s te m ( D B M S ) w o u ld s e e m to b e r e q u ir e d , but is th e u s e r / c l i e n t s need fo r

a s s o c i a t i v e l y ju s t i f i e d ? T h e p r o c e s s o f e v a l u a t i o n and s y n th e s is fe e ls c o n tin u e s c o n fid e n t s p e c ifie d u n til b o th th a t a n a ly s t a n d can be

c u s to m e r

s o ftw a r e

a d e q u a te ly

fo r

subsequent and

d e v e lo p m e n t s te p s . T h r o u g h o u t e v a lu a tio n

s o lu tio n s y n th e s is , th e a n a ly s ts p r im a r y fo c u s is o n w h a t , n o t h o w . W h a t d a ta d o e s th e s y s te m p ro d u c e D u r in g and th e consum e e v a lu a tio n w h a t c o n s tr a in ts and s o lu tio n a p p ly ?

s y n th e s is

a c tiv ity , th e a n a ly s t c r e a te s m o d e ls o f th e s y s te m m an e ffo r t to b e tte r u n d e rs ta n d th e d a ta and

c o n tr o l flo w , fu n c tio n a l p r o c e s s in g a n d b e h a v io r a l o p e r a tio n , and in fo r m a tio n c o n te n t. The model

s e r v e s a s a fo u n d a tio n , fo r s o ftw a r e d e s ig n a n d a s th e b a s is fo r th e c r e a tio n o f a s p e c ific a tio n fo r th e s o ftw a r e .

2 .1 .3 E L E M E N T S M ODEL

OF

A N A L Y S IS

T h e a n a ly s is m o d e l m u s t a c h ie v e th r e e p r im a r y o b je c t i v e s :

 T o d e s c r ib e w h a t th e c u s to m e r r e q u ir e s  To e s ta b lis h a b a s is fo r th e c r e a tio n of s o ftw a re d e s ig n , a d  T o d e fin e a s e t o f r e q u ir e m e n ts th a t c a n b e v a lid a te d o n c e th e s o ftw a r e is b u ilt.

S O F T W A R E D E S IG N

D e s ig n

is

th e

fir s t

phase

in

th e

d e v e lo p m e n t

p h a s e fo r a n y s y s te m . It m a y b e d e fin e d a s th e p ro c e s s of a p p ly in g v a r io u s te c h n iq u e s and

p r in c ip le s fo r th e p u r p o s e o f d e fin in g a d e v ic e a p r o c e s s o r a s y s t e m i n s u f f i c ie n t d e t a i l t o p e r m i t p h y s ic a l p ro d u c e r e a liz a tio n . a The d e s i g n e r s goal of an is to

m o d e l o r r e p r e s e n ta tio n

e n tity

th a t w ill la te r b e b u ilt. T h e p r o c e s s b y w h ic h th e m odel is d e v e lo p e d c o m b in e s in tu itio n and

ju d g m e n t b a s e d o n e x p e r i e n c e i n b u i l d i n g s i m i l a r e n titie s , a s e t o f p r in c ip le s a n d /o r h e u r is tic th a t

g u id e s th e w a y in w h ic h th e m o d e l e v o lv e s , a s e t o f c r i t e r i a t h a t e n a b l e s q u a l i t y t o b e ju d g e d , a n d a p r o c e s s o f ite r a tio n th a t u ltim a te ly le a d s to a fin a l d e s ig n r e p r e s e n ta tio n . A c tu a lly s o ftw a re d e s ig n s ite s at th e te c h n ic a l

k e r n e l o f th e s o ftw a r e e n g in e e r in g p r o c e s s a n d is a p p lie d r e g a r d le s s o f th e s o ftw a r e p r o c e s s m o d e l th a t is used. B e g in n in g once s o ftw a r e

r e q u i r e m e n t s h a v e b e e n a n a ly z e d a n d s p e c i f i e d , s o ftw a re a c tiv ity w h ic h d e s ig n d e s ig n s , a re is th e fir s t of th r e e te c h n ic a l te s tin g th e

code to

g e n e r a tio n b u ild and

and

r e q u ir e d

v e r ify

s o ftw a re . E a c h a c tiv ity tr a n s fo r m s in fo r m a tio n in a m a n n e r th a t u lti m a te ly r e s u lts o f th e in v a lid a te d o f th e is c o m p u te r a n a ly s is to

s o ftw a re . E a c h m odel c r e a te p r o v id e s a d e s ig n

e le m e n ts th a t

in fo r m a tio n m o d e l.

r e q u ir e d

S o ftw a r e

r e q u ir e m e n ts

m a n ife s te d b y th e d a ta , fu n c tio n a l a n d b e h a v io r a l m odel number fe e d of th e d e s ig n s te p s . U s in g th e one of a

d e s ig n d a ta

m e th o d s , an

d e s ig n

s te p

p ro d u c e s a

d e s ig n

a r c h ite c tu r a l d e s ig n

a n in te r fa c e d e s ig n , a n d a p r o c e d u r a l d e s ig n . T h is d a ta d e s ig n tr a n s fo r m s d u rin g th e in fo r m a tio n in to th e

d o m a in

m o d e l c r e a te d

a n a ly s is

d a ta s tr u c tu r e s th a t w ill b e r e q u ir e d to im p le m e n t th e s o ftw a r e . The d a ta in th e o b je c t s and th e

r e la tio n s h ip s

d e fin e d

e n tity - r e la tio n s h ip

d ia g r a m a n d th e d e ta ile d d e s ig n d e p ic te d in th e d a ta d ic tio n a r y p r o v id e s th e b a s is fo r th e d a ta

d e s ig n a c tiv ity .

T h e a r c h ite c tu r a l d e s ig n d e fin e s th e r e la tio n s h ip among th o s e m a jo r s tr u c tu r a l e le m e n ts of th e

p r o g r a m . T h is d e s ig n r e p r e s e n ta tio n - th e m o d u la r fr a m e w o r k d e riv e d of a th e c o m p u te r a n a ly s is p ro g ra m m o d e l( s ) d e fin e d can and be th e th e

fr o m of

in te r a c tio n

s u b -s y s te m

w ith in

a n a ly s is m o d e l. T h e in te r fa c e d e s ig n d e s c r ib e s h o w th e s o ftw a r e c o m m u n ic a tio n w ith in its e lf, to s y s te m s th a t in te r o p e r a te w ith it, a n d w ith h u m a n s w h o u s e it. A n in te r fa c e im p lie s a flo w o f in fo r m a tio n ( e .g . d a ta and /o r c o n tr o l) .T h e r e fo r e , th e d a ta and flo w

d ia g r a m s p r o v id e th e in fo r m a tio n r e q u ir e d fo r th e in te r fa c e d e s ig n . The p ro c e d u ra l of th e d e s ig n p ro g ra m tr a n s fo r m s s tr u c tu r a l in to a

e le m e n ts

a r c h ite c tu r e

p r o c e d u r a l d e s c r ip tio n In fo r m a tio n and STD

o f s o ftw a r e th e

c o m p o n e n ts .

o b ta in e d fr o m s e rve s as th e

PSPEC, CSPEC, fo r p ro c e d u ra l th a t

b a s is m ake

d e s ig n . D u r in g w ill u lti m a te ly

d e s ig n , w e a ffe c t th e

d e c is io n s of

success th e

s o ftw a r e ease w ith

c o n s tr u c tio n ,

and

as

im p o r ta n t,

w h ic h s o ftw a r e c a n b e m a in ta in e d . A c tu a lly , s ta te d p la c e in th e a im p o r ta n c e s in g le of s o ftw a re D e s ig n in can is be th e

w o r d - q u a lity . is

w h e re

q u a lity D e s ig n

fo s te re d p ro v id e s

s o ftw a re us w ith

d e v e lo p m e n t.

r e p r e s e n ta tio n s o f s o ftw a r e th a t c a n b e a s s e s s e d fo r q u a lity . D e s ig n is th e o n ly way we can

a c c u r a te ly tr a n s la te s a c u s to m e r s r e q u ir e m e n ts in to a fin is h e d s o ftw a r e p ro d u c t or s y s te m .

S o ftw a r e d e s ig n s e r v e s a s th e fo u n d a tio n o f a ll th e s o ftw a r e e n g in e e r in g and s o ftw a re

m a in te n a n c e

s te p s

th a t fo llo w . W ith o u t d e s ig n ,

w e r is k b u ild in g a n u n s ta b le s y s te m - o n e th a t w ill fa il w h e n s m a ll c h a n g e s a r e m a d e ; o n e th a t m a y b e d iffic u lt to te s t; o n e w h o s e u tility c a n n o t b e accessed e n g in e e r in g u n til th e la te when in tim e th e is s o ftw a r e sh o rt and

p ro c e s s ,

m a n y d o lla r s h a v e a lr e a d y b e e n s p e n t.

S y s te m D e s ig n :

The

r e q u ir e m e n ts

of

th e

p r o je c t

w e re

c le a rly and be

u n d e rs to o d , fin a lly it

fe a s ib ility

a n a ly s is th a t

was th e

done s y s te m

was

d e c id e d

d e s ig n e d .

D a t a F lo w D ia g r a m

D F D s h o w s th e flo w o f d a ta . T h e s e d ia g r a m s h e lp to u n d e r s ta n d th e b a s ic W o r k in g o f th e s y s te m . It h e lp s to m a k e a n d r e c o g n iz e v a rio u s It is p a r ts a way and of th e ir in te r

r e la tio n s h ip s .

e x p r e s s in g

s y s te m r e q u ir e m e n t in a g r a p h ic a l fo r m ; th is le a d s to a m o d u la r d e s ig n . It is a ls o k n o w n a s b u b b le c h a r t, h a s th e p u r p o s e o f c la r ify in g

s y s te m

r e q u ir e m e n ts

and

id e n tify in g

m a jo r

tr a n s fo r m a tio n s th a t w ill b e c o m e p r o g r a m in s y s te m th e d e s ig n . S o it is th e s ta r tin g p o in t o f d e s ig n th e phase th a t fu n c tio n a lly

decom poses

r e q u ir e m e n t s p e c ific a tio n s DFD

d o w n to th e lo w e s t le v e l o f d e ta ils . A

c o n s i s t o f a s e r i e s o f b u b b l e s jo i n e d b y l i n e s . The and b u b b le s th e lin e s re p r e s e n t d a ta re p re s e n t d a ta tr a n s fo r m a tio n flo w s in th e

s y s te m .

DFD SYM BO LS:

= S o u rce o r D e s tin a tio n o f d a ta

= D a t a flo w

= P ro ce s s th a t tr a n s fo r m d a ta flo w

= D a ta s to re

P u rp o se
 P r o v id in g u s e r fr ie n d ly in te r fa c e  T o s to r e a ll th e in fo r m a tio n a b o u t th e p a tie n t o n lin e .  E a s y a c c e s s o f d a ta  E a s y m a in te n a n c e  M a in ta in in g d a ta c o n s is te n c y  P r o v id in g b e tte r p e r fo r m a n c e  In c r e a s in g th e e ffic ie n c y th r o u g h a u to m a tio n  P r o p e r a u th o r iz a tio n  P r o p e r s e c u r ity  P r o v id in g ti m e ly in fo r m a tio n to th e u s e r s

FR O N T EN D O F TH E PR O JEC T Som e p r o je c t: d e s ig n pages used in th e

T A B L E S U S E D IN T H E P R O J E C T

Registration
Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Patientid Firstname Lastname Age Gender Address Religion Contactno Martialstatus Registrationdate Primaryproblem Registration This table will contain the information of the patients who will registered in hospital. Patientid

Data type int varchar(50) varchar(50) int Varchar(20) varchar(200) varchar(25) Varchar(20) varchar(50) Datetime varchar(200)

Constraints PK,UC,AI NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN

Comments First Name of patient Last Name of patient

Address of patient It could be residense or mobile

Ward MAnagement
Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Wardid Bedavailable Bedid Wardmanagement This table will contain information about wards. Wardid Bedid Data type Int varchar(20) Int Constraints PK,UC NN FK,UC Comments

Bed Management
Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Bedid Wardid Datefrom Dateto bedmanagement This table will contain information about available beds. bedid Wardid Data type Int Int Datetime Datetime Constraints PK,UC FK,UC NN NN Comments

In Patient
Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Patientid Wardid Bedid Doctorname Doctorid Medicalobservation Timeofdischarge inpatient This table will contain information about admitted patients. NN Patientid,wardid,bedid,doctorid Data type Int varchar(20) Int Varchar(20) Int Varchar(100) Datetime Constraints FK,UC FK,UC FK,UC FK,UC Comments

Out Patient
Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Patientid Patientname Diagnose Appointmentdetails Doctorid Totalcharges outpatient This table will contain information about outpatients. NN patientid,Doctorid,totalamt Data type Int varchar(20) Varchar(100) Datetime Int Int Constraints FK,UC NN NN NN FK,UC FK Comments

Billing
Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Billno Patientid Patientname Hospitalcharges Treatmentcharges Bedcharges Totalcharges Amountpaid Dueamount billing This table will contain information about patients total charges. Billno Patientid Data type Int Int Varchar(20) Float Float Float Float Float Float Constraints PK,UC FK,UC NN NN NN NN NN NN NN Comments Bill no of the patient.

Total charges for treatment.

Due amount of patient.

Lab Management

Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Patientid Patientname Testid Testname Testresults Description

Labmanagement This table will contain information about laboratory tests. Testid patientid,patientname Data type Int varchar(20) Int Varchar(50) Varchar(100) Varchar(200) Constraints FK,UC NN PK,UC NN,UC NN NN Comments

Blood Donator

Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Donatorname Donatorid Donatoraddress Bloodgroup Amountofbloodavailable (in bottles) Medicalresult Contactno

Blooddonator This table will contain information about blood donators. Donatorid NN Data type Varchar(20) Int Varchar(100) Varchar(15) Float Varchar(20) Varchar(20) Constraints NN PK,UC NN NN NN NN NN Comments

Blood Recipient
Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Recipientname Recipientid Bloodgroup Amountofbloodavailable (in bottles) Contactno bloodrecipient This table will contain information about blood availability. Recipientname NN Data type Varchar(20) Int Varchar(15) Float Varchar(20) Constraints NN PK NN NN NN Comments

Medical Record
Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Patientid Diseasename Doctorappointed Description medicalrecord This table will contain all records(information about patients). Diseasename Patientid Data type Int varchar(20) Varchar(100) Datetime Constraints FK PK NN NN Comments

Symptoms and Diseases

Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Diseasename Sympptoms Treatment

Symptomsanddiseases This table will contain information about diseases. NN NN Data type Varchar(50) varchar(50) Varchar(30) Constraints NN NN NN Comments

Employee

Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Employeeid Employeename Employeesalary Employeeage Employeegender Employeeaddress Employeecontactno

Employee This table will contain information about hospital employees. Employeeid NN Data type int varchar(20) float int Varchar(20) Varchar(100) Varchar(20) Constraints PK NN NN NN NN NN NN Comments

Doctor
Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Doctorid Doctorname Doctorsalary Doctor This table will contain information about doctors Doctorid

Data type int varchar(20) Float

Constraints PK NN NN

Comments

Operation

Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Operationid Timeofoperation Venue Doctorid doctorname

Operation This table will contain information about operation schedule. Operationid Doctorid Data type Int Datetime Varchar(100) Int Varchar(30) Constraints PK NN NN FK NN Comments

Financial accounting

Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name employeeid employeename salary designation

Financialaccounting This table will contain information about finance NN Employeeid Data type int varchar(20) float Varchar(50) Constraints FK NN NN NN Comments

Adminlogin

Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name username password

Adminlogin This table will contain information about outpatients. Username NN Data type Varchar(20) varchar(20) Constraints PK NN Comments

Contact Us

Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Hodid Hodname Hodcontactno Hodemailid Bloodbankno

Contactus This table will contain all the contact information. Hodid NN Data type Int varchar(20) Varchar(20) Varchar(30) Varchar(20) Constraints PK NN NN NN NN Comments

Feedback

Table Name Description Primary Keys Foreign Keys Field Name Patientid Patientname Diasease Doctorid

Feedback This table will contain feedback information. Patientid Doctorid Data type Int varchar(20) Varchar(50) Int Constraints PK NN NN FK Comments

STO RED PR O JEC T

PROCEDURES

USED

IN

THE

lo g in c h e c k ,s p a d m in d e le te ,s p a d m in in s e r t,s p a d m in u p d a te ,s p b d d o n a r in s e r t,s p b d d o n a r d e le te ,s p b d d o n a r s e l e c t,s p b d d o n a r u p d a te ,s p b d r e c ie p td e le te ,s p b d r e c ie p ti n s e r t,s p b d r e c ie p tu p d a te ,s p b d r e c ie p ts e le c t,s p b e d d e l e te ,s p b e d in s e r t,s p b e d u p d a te ,s p b e d s e le c t,s p b illin g in s e r t , s p b i l li n g d e l e t e , s p b i l l i n g u p d a t e , s p b i l li n g s e l e c t , s p c o n ta c td e le te ,s p c o n ta c tin s e r t,s p c o n ta c ts e le c t,s p c o n t a c tu p d a te ,s p d o c to r d e le te ,s p d o c to r in s e r t,s p d o c to r u p d a te ,s p d o c to r s e le c t,s p e m p lo y e e d e le te ,s p e m p lo y e e i n s e r t,s p e m p lo y e e u p d a te ,s p e m p lo y e e s e le c t,s p e m r in s e r t,s p e m r d e le te ,s p e m r s e le c t,s p e m r u p d a te ,s p fe e d b a c k i n s e r t t , s p f i n a n c e s e l e c t , s p f in a n c e i n s e r t , s p i n p a t i e n tin s e r t,s p in p a tie n td e le te ,s p in p a tie n tu p d a te ,s p in p a tie n ts e le c t,s p la b in s e r t,s p la b d e le te ,s p la b s e le c t,s p la b u p d a te ,s p o p e r a tio n in s e r t,s p o p e r a tio n d e le te ,s p o p e r a tio n s e le c t,s p o p e r a tio n u p d a te ,s p o u tp a tie n tin s e r t,s p o u tp a tie n td e le te ,s p o u tp a tie n ts e le c t,s p o u tp a tie n tu p d a te ,s p r e g in s e r t,s p r e g d e le te ,s p r e g u p d a te ,s p r e g s e le c t,s p s y m p to m s d e le te ,s p s y m p to m s in s e r t,s p s y m p to m s s e le c t,s p s y m p to m s u p d a te ,s p u s e r s ig n u p in s e r t,s p w a r d d e le te ,s p w a r d in s e r t,s p w a r d s e le c t,s p w a r d u p d a te ,u s e r lo g i ncheck.

S o ftw a r e T e s tin g
S o ftw a r e te s tin g is th e v ita l p a r t o f th e s o ftw a r e life c y c le . T o u n d e r s ta n d its r o le , it is in s tr u c tiv e to r e v ie w th e d e fin itio n of s o ftw a r e te s tin g in

lite r a tu r e . T h e s y s te m p ro c e ss or of e x e r c is in g c o m p o n e n ts to v e r ify or e v a lu a tin g by manual it a or

s y s te m means

a u to m a te d

th a t

s a tis fie s

s p e c ifie d r e q u ir e m e n ts o r to

id e n tify d iffe r e n c e s

b e tw e e n e x p e c te d a n d a c tu a l r e s u lts S o ftw a r e te s tin g and is th e p ro ce s s of of te s tin g th e by

fu n c tio n a lity

c o r r e c tn e s s

s o ftw a r e

r u n n in g it. S o ftw a r e te s tin g is u s u a lly p e r fo r m e d fo r o n e o f tw o r e a s o n s : D e fe c t d e te c tio n a n d R e lia b ility e s tim a tio n The p ro b le m of a p p ly in g s o ftw a r e te s tin g to

d e fe c t d e te c tio n is th a t s o ftw a r e c a n o n ly s u g g e s t th e p r e s e n c e o f fla w s , n o t th e r e a b s e n c e ( u n le s s th e te s tin g is e x h a u s tiv e ) . The p r o b le m of

a p p ly in g s o ftw a r e te s tin g to r e lia b ility e s tim a tio n is th a t th e in p u t d is tr ib u tio n u s e d fo r s e le c tin g te s t c a s e s m a y b e fla w e d . In b o th o f th e s e c a s e s , th e m e c h a n is m u s e d to d e te r m in e w h e th e r p r o g r a m

o u tp u t is c o r r e c t is o fte n im p o s s ib le to d e v e lo p . O b v io u s ly te s tin g th e b e n e fit is of th e e n tir e s o ftw a re on many

p ro c e s s

h ig h ly

dependent

d iffe r e n t p ie c e s . If a n y o f th e s e p a r ts is fa u lty , th e e n tir e p r o c e s s is c o m p r o m is e d .

S o ftw a r e is n o t u n lik e w h e re in p u ts a re

o th e r p h y s ic a l p r o c e s s e s and d iffe rs o u tp u ts is in a re th e

r e c e iv e d s o ftw a r e

p ro d u c e d .

W h e re

m a n n e r in w h ic h it fa ils . M o s t p h y s ic a l s y s te m fa il in a fix e d ( a n d r e a s o n a b ly s m a ll) s e t o f w a y s . B y c o n tr a s t, s o ftw a r e c a n fa il in m a n y b iz a r r e w a y s . D e te c tin g a ll o f th e d iffe r e n t fa ilu r e modes fo r

s o ftw a r e is g e n e r a lly in fe a s ib le . T h e k e y to s o ftw a r e te s tin g is tr y in g to fin d th e m y r ia d o f fa ilu r e m o d e s - - - s o m e th in g th a t r e q u ir e s e x h a u s tiv e ly te s tin g th e c o d e o n a ll th e p o s s ib le in p u ts . For m ost p ro g ra m s , th is is

c o m p u ta tio n a lly in fe a s ib le . It is c o m m o n p la c e to a tte m p t to te s t a s m a n y o f th e s y n ta c tic fa ilu r e o f th e code as as p o s s ib le . m uch of T e c h n iq u e s as th a t tr y to in

e x e r c is e som e w h ite

of code

p o s s ib le a re

( w ith

set box.

re s o u rc e te s t

c o n s tr a in ts ) cases a re

c a lle d a re

W hen

s e le c te d

c a lle d b la c k b o x te c h n iq u e s . S o ftw a r e s y s te m s have e v o lv e d in to m ost

c o m p le x a r tifa c ts e v e r c r e a te d b y h u m a n s . T h is h a s e x a c e r b a te d th e p r o b le m s o f te s tin g s o ftw a r e s y s te m s . Y e a r s a g o , it h a s p r o v e n th a t th e te s tin g a s im p le p r o g r a m to a d d o n ly tw o in te g e r s in p u ts o f 3 2 b its ( y ie ld in g 2 ^ 6 4 d is tin c t te s t c a s e s ) w o u ld ta k e h u n d re d s of y e a rs , even if te s ts w e re

p e r fo r m e d a t a r a te o f th o u s a n d s p e r s e c o n d . If e x h a u s tiv e ly te s tin g a little p r o g r a m th a t a d d s tw o in te g e r s r e q u ir e s h u n d r e d o f y e a r s , w h a t c a n b e s a id fo r te s tin g a n u c le a r r e a c to r c o n tr o l s y s te m th a t has h u n d re d s of s e n s o rs s e n d in g in

in fo r m a tio n ? In c lu d e a ll p o s s ib le c o m b in a tio n s o f human w o rs e n . r e q u ir e in p u ts to th e s y s te m and th e as s im p le p r o b le m s th is m ust

C le a r ly , fa r m o re

s y s te m s a n a ly s is

such th a n

s o ftw a r e

te s tin g , e v e n if th e s o ftw a r e is r u n o n m illio n s o f te s t c a s e s .

D e s ig n o b je c tiv e s : The p rim a r y o b je c t i v e of th e d e s ig n is to

d e liv e r th e r e q u ir e m e n ts a s s p e c ifie d in th e fe a s ib ility r e p o r t. T h e s e a r e th e s o m e o f th e o b je c t i v e s , w h i c h I k e p t i n m i n d .  P r a c t i c a l i t y : T h e s y s te m is q u ite s ta b le a n d c a n b e o p e r a te d b y th e p e o p le w ith a v e r a g e in te llig e n c e .  E ffic ie n c y : a c cu ra cy , I tr ie d to in v o lv e and system

tim e lin e s s of the

c o m p r e h e n s iv e n e s s o u tp u t.

 C o s t : It is d e s ir a b le to a im f o r th e s y s t e m w i t h a m i n i m u m c o s t s u b je c t to th e c o n d itio n th a t it m u s t s a tis fy th e e n tir e r e q u ir e m e n t.  F le x ib ilit y : s y s te m d e p e n d in g of th e I have be tr ie d th a t th e

s h o u ld on th e

m o d ifia b le needs

c h a n g in g

u s e r.

Such e n ta il or

m o d ific a tio n s e x te n s iv e r e c r e a tio n of

s h o u ld r e c o n s tr u c tin g

s o ftw a r e . It s h o u ld a ls o b e p o r ta b le to d iffe r e n t c o m p u te r s y s te m s .  S e c u r it y : aspect T h is I is ve ry im p o r ta n t in th is

w h ic h

fo llo w e d

d e s ig n in g p h a s e a n d tr ie d to c o v e r s th e a re a s of h a rd w a re and r e l ia b i l i t y , p h y s ic a l

fa llb a c k

p ro c e d u re s ,

s e c u r ity o f d a ta .

C o n s tr a in ts : T h e s e a r e t h e fo llo w in g c o n s tr a in t s :
 H a rd w a re  S o ftw a r e  Budget  T im e s c a le  In te r fa c e w ith o th e r s y s te m

O p e r a tio n s :
T h r o u g h o u t th e d e s ig n p r o c e s s I c o n s id e r e d a n d s p e c ify th e r e q u ir e m e n t o f e a c h o f th e s e o p e r a tio n a l a r e a s .

 U s e r r a is in g in p u t
 D a ta p r e p a r a tio n  D a ta v a lid a tio n

 P r o c e s s in g  O u tp u t h a n d lin g

C O N C L U S IO N

The g iv e n

s y s te m

has

been and

d e v e lo p e d is fo u n d

fo r

th e

c o n d itio n

w o rk in g

e ffe c tiv e ly . T h e d e v e lo p e d s y s te m is fle x ib le and changes w henever can be m ade easy. U s in g th e fa c ilitie s a n d fu n c tio n a litie s o f .N e t, t h e s o f t w a r e h a s b e e n d e v e lo p e d i n a n e a t and s im p le m a n n e r, th e re b y r e d u c in g th e

o p e r a to r s w o r k . T h e s p e e d a n d a c c u r a c y a r e m a in ta in e d in p r o p e r w a y . T h e u s e r fr ie n d ly n a tu r e o f th is s o ftw a r e d e v e lo p e d in .N e t fr a m e w o r k is v e r y easy to w o rk as w ith w e ll b o th as fo r o th e r th e h ig h e r

m anagement

e m p lo y e e s

w ith little k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u te r . T h e r e s u lts o b ta in e d w e r e fu lly s a tis fa c to r y fr o m th e u s e r p o in t o f v ie w . T h e s y s te m w a s v e r ifie d w ith v a lid a s w e ll a s in v a lid d a ta in e a c h m a n n e r . T h e s y s te m ru n w ith an in s ig h t in to th e is

n e c e s s a ry

m o d ific a tio n s th a t m a y r e q u ir e in th e fu tu r e . H ence th e s y s te m can be m a in ta in e d

s u c c e s s fu lly w ith o u t m u c h n e tw o r k .

B IB L IO G R A P H Y

D a ta b a s e M a n a g e m e n t S y s te m D esai S y s te m a n a ly s is a n d D e s ig n M . Awad SQ L SERVER M ic ro s o ft P r e s s A S P .N e t P u b lic a tio n s J a v a S c r ip t by by by

b y V ip in C .

E lia s

W ro x

b y R . A lle n

W y k e , J a s o n D . G illia m a n d C h a r ito n

O N L IN E B O O K S H O P P IN G
S U B M IT T E D B Y :

ANSARI