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    4.1chemical Bonding Teacher

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    Michelle Ng
    This document summarizes different types of chemical bonds: 1) Ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals through the transfer of electrons. Examples given are CaCl2 and Na2O with Lewis diagrams. 2) Covalent bonds form through the sharing of electrons, usually between non-metals. Examples given are H2S and CO2 with Lewis diagrams. Bond shapes are important for covalent compounds. 3) Criteria are provided to predict if a bond will be ionic or covalent based on factors like electronegativity difference and properties of the bonded atoms.

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    4.1chemical Bonding Teacher

    Uploaded by

    Michelle Ng
    25 views5 pages
    This document summarizes different types of chemical bonds: 1) Ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals through the transfer of electrons. Examples given are CaCl2 and Na2O with Lewis diagrams. 2) Covalent bonds form through the sharing of electrons, usually between non-metals. Examples given are H2S and CO2 with Lewis diagrams. Bond shapes are important for covalent compounds. 3) Criteria are provided to predict if a bond will be ionic or covalent based on factors like electronegativity difference and properties of the bonded atoms.

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    4.1Chemical bonding teacher

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    This document summarizes different types of chemical bonds: 1) Ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals through the transfer of electrons. Examples given are CaCl2 and Na2O with Lewis diagrams. 2) Covalent bonds form through the sharing of electrons, usually between non-metals. Examples given are H2S and CO2 with Lewis diagrams. Bond shapes are important for covalent compounds. 3) Criteria are provided to predict if a bond will be ionic or covalent based on factors like electronegativity difference and properties of the bonded atoms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views5 pages

    4.1chemical Bonding Teacher

    Uploaded by

    Michelle Ng
    This document summarizes different types of chemical bonds: 1) Ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals through the transfer of electrons. Examples given are CaCl2 and Na2O with Lewis diagrams. 2) Covalent bonds form through the sharing of electrons, usually between non-metals. Examples given are H2S and CO2 with Lewis diagrams. Bond shapes are important for covalent compounds. 3) Criteria are provided to predict if a bond will be ionic or covalent based on factors like electronegativity difference and properties of the bonded atoms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    4.

    1 Chemical Bonding

    Review of Compound Classification.

    1) Ionic Compounds – generally atoms bonded together


    in which electrons are transferred from one atom to
    another; usually a metal and non-metal.

    Example Lewis Structure and Electron Energy Diagram

    a) CaCl2 Ca – metal Cl – non-metal

    Lewis Diagram
    ∙ Ca ∙
    . .
    :Cl: :Cl:
    ¨ ¨ .. ..
    +2
    [Ca] [:Cl:] [:Cl:] -1
    -1

    ¨ ¨

    b) Na2O Na – metal O – non-metal

    Na∙ Na∙
    .
    :O∙
    ¨
    ..
    +1 +1
    [Na] [Na] [:O:] -2
    ¨
    2) Covalent compounds – atoms bonded together by
    sharing electrons; usually a non-metal and
    non-metal.

    Example Lewis Structure

    a) H2S H – non-metal S – non-metal

    ∙H H
    . l
    :S ∙ ∙H 🡺 :S - H
    ¨ ¨

    b) CO2 C – non-metal O – non-metal

    . . ..
    :O∙ ∙C ∙ ∙O:
    ¨ ∙ ∙
    .. ..
    🡺 O=C=O
    ¨ ¨

    ● Shapes are important for covalent compounds (recall:


    tetrahedral, bent, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal planar and
    linear).
    ● Electron configuration interactions for covalent
    compounds are more complex (hybridization)

    Predicting Ionic or Covalent Bonds


    Ionic Covalent
    Metal + non-metal Non-metal + non-metal
    ΔEN>1.7 ΔEN<1.7
    Solid at room temperature Solid, liquid or gas at room
    (chrystalline) temperature
    High melting and boiling Low melting and boiling
    points points
    Good conductors of Poor conductors of
    electricity in water electricity
    Generally soluble in water May or may not be soluble
    in water

    Electronegativity – the ability for an atom to attract electrons


    in a chemical bond. The higher the electronegativity, the
    more it attracts electrons. The higher the difference in
    electronegativity (ΔEN), the more ionic (or polar) the bond.

    ΔEN

    polar covalent bond(0.5-1.7)

    3.3 1.7 0.5 0


    pure covalent bond(0-0.5)

    mostly ionic bond(>1.7) mostly covalent bond (<1.7)


    (usually metal and non-metal) (usually non-metal and non-metal)
    Other Definitions:

    a) Lattice Energy
    lattice energy is the energy required to break apart an ionic solid and convert its
    component atoms into gaseous ions. This definition causes the value for the
    lattice energy to always be positive, since this will always be an endothermic
    reaction. 
    b) Bond Energy
    Energy is always required to break a bond, which is known as bond energy
    c) Metallic Bonds
    Metallic bonds are the force of attraction between valence electrons and the metal atoms. It is the
    sharing of many detached electrons between many positive ions, where the electrons act as a
    "glue" giving the substance a definite structure. It is unlike covalent or ionic bonding.

    HW Questions
    Practice
    1-4 pg. 165-166, 5-8 pg169-170,
    Section Review
    1-4 and 6-7 pg 171-172

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