3d Printing Seminar Report
3d Printing Seminar Report
3d Printing Seminar Report
Typical 3D Printer
3D Printers are machines that produce physical 3D models from digital data by printing layer
by layer. It can make physical models of objects either designed with a CAD program or
scanned with a 3D Scanner. It is used in a variety of industries including jewelry, footwear,
industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction, automotive, aerospace, dental and
medical industries, education and consumer products.
The technology for printing physical 3D objects from digital data was first developed by
Charles Hull in 1984. He named the technique as Stereo lithography and obtained a patent for
the technique in 1986.
While Stereo lithography systems had become popular by the end of 1980s, other similar
technologies such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Selective
Laser Sintering (SLS) were introduced.
In 1993, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) patented another technology, named "3
Dimensional Printing techniques", which is similar to the inkjet technology used in 2D Printers.
In 1996, three major products, "Genisys" from Stratasys, "Actua 2100" from 3D
Systems and "Z402" from Z Corporation were introduced. In 2005, Z Corp. launched a
breakthrough product, named Spectrum Z510, which was the first high definition color 3D
Printer in the market.
Another breakthrough in 3D Printing occurred in 2006 with the initiation of an open source
project, named Reprap, which was aimed at developing a self-replicating 3D printer.
Multi-jet modeling (MJM) - This again builds up objects from successive layers of powder,
with an inkjet-like print head used to spray on a binder solution that glues only the required
granules together. The V-Flash printer, manufactured by Canon, is low-cost 3D printer. It’s
known to build layers with a light-curable film. Unlike other printers, the VFlash builds its parts
from the top down.
Desktop Factory is a startup launched by the Idea lab incubator in Pasadena,
California.
Inkjet 3D printing
It creates the model one layer at a time by spreading a layer of powder (plaster, or resins) and
inkjet printing binder in the cross-section of the part. It is the most widely used 3-D Printing
technology these days and the reasons beyond that are stated below.
This technology is the only one that
Allows for the printing of full color prototypes.
● Unlike stereo lithography, inkjet 3D printing is optimized for speed, low cost, and
ease- of-use.
● No toxic chemicals like those used in stereo lithography are required.
● Minimal post printing finish work is needed; one needs only to use the printer itself to
blow off surrounding powder after the printing process.
● Allows overhangs and excess powder can be easily removed with an air blower.
ALGORITHM
The algorithm used in the Inkjet 3-D Printing is depicted in the figure mentioned below.
FIGURE 4.1.1
WORK FLOW
The workflow can be easily understood with the help of the flowchart given below.
A 3-D prototype of a desired object is created in three basic steps and these steps
are:
Pre-Process
3-D Printing
Post-Process
FIGURE 5.1
PROCESS
3D Printing:
The 3D printer runs automatically, depositing materials at layers ~.003″ thick. This is
roughly the thickness of a human hair or sheet of paper. The time it takes to print a given
object depends primarily on the height of the design, but most designs take a minimum of
several hours. The average cost for printing a full color prototype is somewhere between
50 - 100 $.
FIGURE 6.2.1
Every 3D printer uses some sort of material to support parts of the design that have an
overhang. Some printers use a loose powder which can be blown off and reused in future
models.
FIGURE 6.3.1
Powder Removal:
This is the sculpture with most of the support dust removed and it is then dipped in
special glue that makes them stronger and more colorful.
FIGURE 6.3.1.1
Heating
The models are heated to set the glue. It is funny to see the oven in this picture is a
standard consumer grade.
FIGURE 6.3.2.1
Finishing Touches
The output of all existing 3D printers is rough. The textures vary from pronounced “wood
grain” to merely “sandy”, With a little elbow grease you can get stunning results.
FIGURE 6.3.3.1
Benefits of 3D Printing
The most successful companies have adopted 3D printing as a critical part of the iterative
design process to:
Increase Innovation
Print prototypes in hours, obtain feedback, refine designs and repeat the cycle until
designs are perfect.
Improve Communication
Hold a full color, realistic 3D model in your hands to impart infinitely more information
than a computer image.
Create physical 3D models quickly, easily and affordably for a wide variety of
applications.
Win Business
Applications
Design Prototypes:
● 3-Dimensional Printing concept model, functional prototypes and presentation models for
evaluating and refining design, including Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results and
packaging.
FIGURE 8.1.1
Now, here we have created a dummy of a
Nokia mobile phone for further study and
demonstration:
(14)
Education:
● Engage students by bringing digital concepts into the real world, turning their ideas into
real-life 3D color models that they can actually hold in their hands.
Here an electronic device circuit has come to life with the help of a 3-D Printer:
(16)
1.3D Printing Success Story
Camera mounts for the M1 tank and Bradley fighting vehicle were built and
tested directly from digital files using the Dimension 3D Printer.
FIGURE 9.1
(17)
A 3D printer proved to be a valuable asset
and played a key role in developing
concepts for the AMP Research Alloy
Fuel Door for General Motors' Hummer
H2 sport utility vehicle.
Conclusion