Fundamentals of Marksmanship: Firearms and Ammunitions

FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKSMANSHIP
INTENDED LEARNING
OUCOMES
1. Discuss the definition of firearm; kinds of firearm
2. Discuss shotgun and parts of a shotgun
3. Discuss the laws of firearms in the Philippines
4. Discuss the manner of carrying of firearms
5. Identify ammunition; cartridge case; the bullet; and the gunpowder
A. Legal Definition
FIREARMS AND AMMUNITIONS
Firearm includes rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, pistols, revolvers, and all
other deadly weapons from which bullets, balls, shots,
shells or other missiles maybe discharged by means of
gunpowder or other explosives. Firearm also includes
air rifles and air pistols not classified as toys under the
provision of E.O. No. 712 dated 28 July 1981.
The barrel of any firearm is considered a "complete

firearm" for all purposes hereof
(Sec. 877, Revised Administrative Code).
image-photo/set-isolated-vintage-
personal-firearms
B. Technical Definition
Firearm is an instrument used for the propulsion of projectiles by means of the

expansive force of gases coming from burning gunpowder (FBI manual on firearms
identification).
C. Other Definitions
Firearm is any pistol or revolver with a barrel less than 12 inches or any rifle with
a barrel less than 15 inches, any shotgun with a barrel less than 24 inches, or any other
weapon which is designed to expel a projectile(s) by the action of an explosive (Uniform
firearm act of Pennsylvania).
Firearm means any weapon, by whatever name known, which is designed to expel a
projectile(s) by the action of an explosive and firearm muffler or firearm silencer, or any
part or parts of such weapon (Federal firearms acts of the US).
Kinds of Firearms According to Gun Barrel Internal Construction
1. Smooth-bore Firearms are firearms that have no rifling (lands and grooves)
inside the gun barrel. Examples: shotguns, liberator and musket.
2. Rifled-bore Firearms are firearms that have rifling inside the gun barrel. Examples:
pistols, revolvers and other weapons.
Kinds of Firearms According to Caliber of Projectiles Propelled
1. Artillery includes firearms that propel projectiles one (1) inch and more in
diameter. Examples: cannons, mortars, bazookas.
IMAGE+OF+A++ARTILLERY+FIREARM
2.
Small arms are firearms that propel projectiles less than one (1) inch in diameter.
Examples: machine guns, shoulder arms, and hand guns.
IMAGE+OF+A++MACHINE+GUN IMAGE+OF+A++SHOULDER+GUN IMAGE+OF+A++HAND+GUN
Types of Machine Gun
IMAGE+OF+A++RECOIL+OPERATED
1. Recoil-operated. A type of machine gun devised with a recoil spring that is

responsible in forcing the breechblock move forward causing another cartridge to be
loaded only after the breechblock moves rearward and empty shell is extracted upon
firing.
2. Gas-operated. A type of machine gun equipped with gas at the anterior portion of
the barrel. The picture below is a Vickers 303, a gas operated machine gun as shown in
the pictures below.
3. Recoil and gas-operated. This is the combination of the recoil and gas operated
machine gun as shown in the pictures below.
Kinds of Firearm According to Loading Mechanism
1. Bolt Action Rifle. This is a type of

firearm action in which the weapon's bolt
is operated manually by the opening and
closing of the breech (barrel) with a small
handle, most commonly placed on the
right-hand side of the weapon (for right-
handed users). As the handle is operated,
the bolt is unlocked, the breech is
opened, the spent cartridge case is
withdrawn and ejected, the firing pin is
cocked (this occurs either on the opening or closing of the bolt, depending on
design), and finally a new round/cartridge
(if available) is placed into the breech and the bolt is closed. Bolt action firearms are
most often rifling, but there are also bolt-action shotguns and a few handguns as well
as shown in the pictures below.
2. Lever Action Rifle. This is a type of

firearm action which uses a lever located
around the trigger guard area (often
including the trigger guard itself to load fresh
cartridges into the chamber of the barrel
when the lever is worked as shown in the
pictures below.
IMAGE+OF+A+LEVER+ACTION+RIFLE
3. Slide/Pump Action Rifle

(Trombone). Loading takes place by back
and forth manipulation of the under
forearm of the gun as shown in the pictures
below.
IMAGE+OF+A+SLIDE+PUMP+ACTION+RIFLE
4. Automatic Rifle. After the first shot is

fired, automatic loading or feeding of the
chamber takes place as shown in the pictures
below.
IMAGE +OF+A+AUTOMATIC+RIFLE
Kinds of Firearms According to Firing Mechanism
Single Shot is a firearm that releases single

projectile when trigger is squeezed.
SINGLE+SHOT+FIREARM+PHOTOS
Repeating is a firearm that

automatically reloads and ready for
next firing.
REPEATING+FIREARM+PHOTOS
Semi-automatic is a firearm that can be set

into semi-automatic and is capable of releasing
projectiles when trigger is pressed.
SEMI+AUTOMATIC+FIREARM+PHOTOS
Automatic is a firearm that can release projectiles in a single press of trigger.

AUTOMATIC+FIREARM+PHOTOS

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FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKSMANSHIP

The barrel of any firearm is considered a "complete

Firearm is an instrument used for the propulsion of projectiles by means of the

Kinds of Firearms According to Gun Barrel Internal Construction

Kinds of Firearms According to Caliber of Projectiles Propelled

Types of Machine Gun

1. Recoil-operated. A type of machine gun devised with a recoil spring that is

Kinds of Firearm According to Loading Mechanism

1. Bolt Action Rifle. This is a type of

2. Lever Action Rifle. This is a type of

3. Slide/Pump Action Rifle

4. Automatic Rifle. After the first shot is

Kinds of Firearms According to Firing Mechanism

Single Shot is a firearm that releases single

Repeating is a firearm that

Semi-automatic is a firearm that can be set

Automatic is a firearm that can release projectiles in a single press of trigger.

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