Engineering Drawing: Sheet Layout Title Block Lettering Dimensioning

CEE 111
Engineering Drawing
Lecture 2
1. Sheet layout
2. Title block
3. Lettering
4. Dimensioning
Sheet Layout
c = 10 mm
d = 25 mm
Sheet Layout
10
1. Border lines
1. Perpendicular to each 25
other 10
2. Reference lines
10
Sheet Layout
2. Title block
• 160 mm X 63 mm
160
63
Sheet Layout
• Title block
• Division in 7
horizontal strips of 9
mm thickness
• Dark lines and lighter
lines
Sheet Layout
• Title block
• Division in 7
horizontal strips of 9
mm thickness
• Dark lines and lighter
lines
• Leave 4 mm space at
the left, then
commence writing.
Title block
LETTERING
Writing text on a drawing (e.g. titles, dimensions, scales)
using letters which can be alphabets, numerals, symbols or
punctuation marks to convey detailed information.
Features of Lettering
1. Legibility, uniformity, ease, rapidity of execution and
reproducibility
2. No ornamental or artistic and cursive style of letter
3. Letters should be distinguishable from each other in order
to avoid any confusion even in case of slight mutilations
Standard followed
IS 9609 (Part 0): 2001 & SP46: 2003 (lettering for technical
drawings). This BIS standard is based on ISO 3098-0: 1997
Types of Lettering
• Single stroke - Thickness of the line of the letter should be
such as is obtained in one stroke of the pencil.
Does not mean that the letter should be made in one
stroke without lifting the pencil.
• Double stroke- When more thickness is given to single stroke
letters, it is known as double stroke or gothic letters.
• BIS (SP46:2003) - Gives dimensions for lettering & types
• Type A - Height of capital letter is divided into 14 parts
• Type B – Height of capital letter is divided into 10 parts
Both types can be Vertical or Inclined at 75˚ to the horizontal
Line Width of Type A ˂ Type B
Basic Strokes
A lettering template
Examples
Height and width of letters
BIS (SP “I”
46:letter “A” letter
2003) has recommended “B” letter
the heights of letters as:
1.8, 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7, 10, 14 & 20 mm 4 5
1 1 2 1
Sl. no Items on a drawing Size (mm)
1 Name of the company 3 10, 14,
6 20
2 Drawing numbers, letters3denoting section planes 10,14

2
3 Title of the drawing 7, 10
4 Sub- titles & Headings 5, 7
5 Dimensioning, notes, schedules
. & material lists 3.5, 7
6 Alteration entries and tolerances 3.5
Total height of lowercase
letters equals that of
capital letters.
The height-to-width ratio for letters varies between 7 : 5 or 7 : 6
A & B type
Lettering
BIS (SP46: 2003)
Specifications Type Value Size (mm)
Capital letter height A h 2.5 3.5 5 7 10 14 20

B h 2.5 3.5 5 7 10 14 20
Lowercase letter height A a=(5/7)h - 2.5 3.5 5 7 10 14
B a=(7/10)h - 2.5 3.5 5 7 10 14
Thickness of lines A b=(1/14)h .18 .25 .35 .5 .7 1 1.4
B b=(1/10)h .25 .35 .5 .7 1 1.4 2
Spacing between characters A c=(1/7)h .35 .5 .7 1 1.4 2 2.8
B c=(1/5)h .5 .7 1 1.4 2 2.8 4
Minimum spacing between words A d=(3/7)h 1.05 1.5 2.1 3 4.2 6 8.4
B d=(3/5)h 1.5 2.1 3 4.2 6 8.4 12
Minimum spacing between A e=(10/7)h 3.5 5 7 10 14 20 28
baselines
B e=(7/5)h 3.5 5 7 10 14 20 28
Vertical Capital Letters and
Numerical
Vertical
Lowercase
Letters
Fraction & Indices lettering
1. Height of numerator and

denominator = 3/4th of height
of non-fractioned number
2. Spacing between division bar
and numerator or
denominator should be such
that the total height of
Inclined Capital Letters fraction will be twice of that of
At 75˚ non-fractioned number
The height of index
is half of height of a
base letter
Few Tips
If you put the central horizontal strokes of the letters B, E, F, and H at mid-
height, they will appear to be below center. To overcome this optical
illusion, draw the strokes B, E, F, and H slightly above the center as you
letter, keeping letters uniform, as in the second example of fig(right below).
Use extremely light horizontal guidelines to keep letter height uniform as

shown in Figure (left above). Do not use vertical guidelines to space the
distance from one letter to the next within a word or sentence . This should
he done by eye while lettering.
Some combinations, such as LT and VA, may have to be slightly closer than
other letters to look correctly spaced. In some cases the width of a letter
may be decreased slightly. In typesetting, pairs of letters that need to be
spaced more closely to appear correctly are called kerned pairs.
How to begin your drawing?
 Clean the drawing board and all the drawing instruments using duster.
 Fix the drawing sheet.
 Draw border lines using HB pencil.
 Complete the title box using HB pencil.
 Plan spacing of drawings b/n two problems/views beforehand.
 Print the problem number on the left top and then commence the
drawing work.
Keeping drawing clean – a must
 Never sharpen pencils over drawing.
 Clean pencil point with a soft cloth after sharpening.
 Keep drawing instruments clean.
 Rest hands on drawing instruments as much as
 possible – to avoid smearing the graphite on the drawing.
 When darkening lines – try to work from the top of the drawing to the bottom, and
from left to the right across the drawing.
 Use brush to remove eraser particles. Never use hands.
 Always use appropriate drawing pencils.
Units of Measurement
International systems of units (SI) – which is based on the meter.
Millimeter (mm) - The common SI unit of measure on engineering drawing.
Individual identification of linear units is not required if all dimensions on a
drawing are in the same unit (mm).
The drawing shall however contain a note:
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM. (Bottom left corner outside the title
box)
Dimensioning
• Indicating on a drawing, the size of the object and other details
essential for its construction and function, using lines, numerals,
symbols, notes, etc.
• Extension line – a thin, solid line perpendicular to a dimension line,
indicating which feature is associated with the dimension.
• Visible gap – there should be a visible gap of 1.5 mm between the feature’s
corners and the end of the extension line.
Important elements of dimensioning
Best practices for dimension & extension lines
1. The shorter dimensions are nearest to the object outline.
2. Dimension lines should not cross extension lines as in Figure (b), which results from
placing the shorter dimensions outside. Note that it is perfectly satisfactory to cross
extension lines (Figure a), but they should not be shortened (Figure c).
3. Dimension lines should not cross each
other & any other lines of the object.
However extension lines can cross
both (fig 1).
4. A dimension line should never
coincide with or extend from any line
of the drawing (Figure d).
Fig 1
Best practices for dimension & extension lines
5. Dimensions should be lined up and grouped together as
much as possible, as in Figure 2a, and not as in Figure 2b.
6. In some cases, extension lines and center-lines must cross
visible lines of the object (Figure 3a). When this occurs, gaps
should not be left in the lines (Figure 3b).
Fig 2 Fig 3
7. Dimensions should be
placed outside the views
(a). Placed inside if more
clear and readable (b).
Systems of dimensioning
For placing the dimensions on the drawing, following systems can be adopted.
Aligned system Unidirectional system
1. Dimensions are placed perpendicular 1. Dimensions are placed vertically
to the dimension line. irrespective of dimension lines.
2. Horizontal and inclined dimensions 2. All dimensions can be read from the
can be read from the bottom of the bottom of the drawing.
drawing. Vertical dimensions can be 3. Horizontal dimensions are placed
read from the right-hand side of the above the midpoint of dimension
drawing. lines. Vertical and inclined dimensions
3. All dimensions are placed above the are placed at the middle of dimension
midpoint of dimension lines. lines by breaking them.
Note
All the dimensions on a drawing must be shown using either Aligned System or
Unidirectional System. Two systems should not be mixed on the same drawing.
Dimensioning of
angles
Dimensioning of
circular features
A circle should be
dimensioned by giving its
diameter instead of radius.
The dimension indicating a
diameter should always be
preceded by the symbol ø.
Dimensioning radii
Arcs of Circle Precede with ‘R’
to distinguish from length
Center line(axis) itself shall not
be used as a dimension line
with arrowheads as its ends.
Thank You
Leader line
• A thin, solid line used to indicate the feature with which a dimension, note, or symbol
is associated.
• Generally a straight line drawn at an angle that is neither horizontal nor vertical.
• Terminated with an arrow touching the part or detail.
• On the end opposite the arrow, the leader line will have a short, horizontal shoulder.
Text is extended from this shoulder such that the text height is centered with the
shoulder line.

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CEE 111

2 Drawing numbers, letters3denoting section planes 10,14

Specifications Type Value Size (mm)

Capital letter height A h 2.5 3.5 5 7 10 14 20

1. Height of numerator and

Use extremely light horizontal guidelines to keep letter height uniform as

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