Chapter 5. Power Supply Introduction
Chapter 5. Power Supply Introduction
Chapter 5. Power Supply Introduction
Ashok Yadav
Introduction:-
• Power supply is a system that provides electrical power to an output load or group
of loads.
• It converts AC to DC (needed for PC).
• A computer power supply converts 110V-220V AC current (mains) to several low
voltage DC power outputs.
Types of Power Supply:-
• There are three types of power supply :
– Linear Power Supply
– Switch mode power supply (SMPS)
– Uninterrupted power supply (UPS)
1. LINEAR POWER SUPPLY
• A simple AC supply uses transformer to convert o/p power to lower voltage.
Advantages of SMPS
• Smaller size.
• Less heat emission.
• Better power efficiency.
Disadvantages of SMPS
• More complex than linear power supply.
• May generate high freq. electrical noise.
Size & Weight Large in size & Heavy in small in size & light in weight
weight
Q. Give the signal voltages for the following colors of ATX connector.
Red, Black, Orange, Purple.
1. Wattage:
Total max o/p of the power supply in watts.
Typical power ranges are from 200w to 500w.
2. Efficiency:
It is defined as useful power o/p divided by the -total electrical power
consumed.(max 75-85%)
3. Regulation:
It is the ability of SMPS to maintain an o/p voltage within specified limits
under varying/changing i/p voltages & o/p loads.
4. Ripples/noise:
The power supply produces DC o/p from AC i/p.
However the o/p is not pure DC signal there will be some AC components in
each signal some of which are picked up from the components of power supply.
• It refers to the ability of power supply to control the o/p voltage level as the load
on the power supply increases or decreases.
• The voltage of a DC power source tends to decrease as its load increases &vice –
versa.
• Its typical values are 3% to 5% (1% is good).
Q. Line Regulation:-
• It defines how the power supply control it’s o/p levels when the i/p AC voltage
changes from its minimum acceptable level to its maximum acceptance levels.
• It’s typical value is +/- 1% to 2%.
Power Problems
Q. Explain four power Problems.
Chapter No. 5 Power Supply Prof. Mr. Ashok Yadav
1. Blackouts(0V):-
A blackout is a complete loss of electrical power. Voltage & current drop to
almost zero.
It is usually caused by a physical Interruption in the power line due to
accidental damage by a person or act nature.
a loss of AC will shut down a computer in milliseconds. Losing power
may cause the loss of valuable data.
In extremely rare cases, a sudden &complete power loss can corrupt a
hard drive file.
A backup power supply (BPS) or an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) can
be used where frequent power loss issues are faced.
1. Brownouts/Sag under Voltage:-
The under voltage condition also called sag or Brownouts.
It can be caused by fault in electrical wiring or excessive electrical load.
The AC voltage goes down due to high-load Items such as air
conditioners, welding machine, motor etc.
System hang, random memory errors occur.
2. Surge(Over Voltage):-
Surges are small over-voltage conditions that take place over relatively
long periods (>1 Seconds).
To regulate the power excess energy must be switched (in SMPS).
Excess voltage may create overheating in supply & eventually will destroy it.
Some power supplies are designed to shut down in the event of
voltage overloads.
3. Spikes:-
A spike is large overvoltage conditions that occur in milliseconds.
Causes: lightening strikes & high energy switches.
Heavy equipments like drill press, grinders, welding m/c etc. can produce
tremendous power spikes when switched on or off.
The spike can damage the power supply.
Spikes can also pass along the telephone line & can damage your modem.
Q. Symptoms of Power Problems
• The following are the symptoms of power problem:-
• The monitor display flicker or waves.
• Errors in data transmissions between nodes.
• Unexplained components lockup.
• Premature component failure.
• Hard Drive crashes.
• Corrupt or loss of data in CMOS & other EPROM chips.
• Disc Drive write errors.
• Flickering lights.
Chapter No. 5 Power Supply Prof. Mr. Ashok Yadav
Types Of UPS:-
• 1.Stand by UPS / Offline UPS
2. On Line UPS
• In this primary power source is UPS battery & the utility power is
the secondary power source.
• In this power to the system is supplied continuously from batteries.
• Thus switching is not involved so spikes are not generated.
Chapter No. 5 Power Supply Prof. Mr. Ashok Yadav
• When line power goes off, the UPS does not have to convert from one
power source to another. It just stops the battery charging.
• No transfer time in case of power failure.
• Typically used for large servers, data centers.
• Available in sizes of 5000VA to thousands of VA (KVA).
The battery is continuously charged & then Battery is charged when AC mains are ON &
delivers DC power to inverter for converting as soon as AC Mains are OFF, battery
to AC & supplying to the PC. discharges & supplies power to the PC.
Thank You!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!