PE 4 Volleyball

Physical
Education 4
(Team Sports)
Learning Module
Physical Education I
Sports)
City College of Calamba

Dalubhasaan ng Lungsod ng Calamba
PROFESSOR Sports)
Name:
Academic Department: Department of Teacher Education
Email Address:
STUDENT
Name:
Student Number:
Program:
Section:
Home Address:
Email Address:
Contact Number:
i. Course Code PE 4
II. Course Title Team Sports
III. Module Number 1
IV. Module Title Volleyball Basics
V. Overview of the Module Volleyball is one of the famous sports in the Philippines
nowadays. This is a sport wherein all ages with different skill
level can enjoy. It can be played year around as it can be played
indoor or outdoor. Volleyball is a great team sport that can be
enjoyed by people of all ages and skill levels. One of the many
benefits of volleyball is the fact that it can be played year-round
in both an indoor and outdoor setting. Aside from the pure
enjoyment of the game, there are several reasons why people

play volleyball. It’s a great bonding activity for friends and
family. It acts as an alternative and highly effective way of
reaching your fitness goals in a fun engaging way. Others
simply love the game and play volleyball for pure enjoyment.
Whatever your reason may be, the physical, mental and
emotional benefits of playing volleyball are unparalleled.
In this module you will learn basic skills and knowledge
about volleyball. This is divided into two parts. This part will
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help you understand the history, terminologies, measurements
and equipment used in volleyball, basic skills, benefits of
playing badminton, and safety measures in playing volleyball.
VI. Module Outcomes As for the outcome of the module, you are expected to
trace the history of volleyball and trace the remarkable changes
happened in the volleyball. Also, you are expected to be
familiarized with the terms used in volleyball, measurements
/dimensions of equipment, and benefits and safety precautions
of volleyball to an individual.
VII. General Instructions
You must allot the necessary time to complete the lessons
each week. If you choose not to complete the lesson using the
schedule provided, you must understand that it is your full
responsibility to complete them by the last day of completion.
Time is of the essence.
The module is designed to assess student understanding of the
assigned lessons found within the associated content of the
midterm and final period of the course. The assessment part of
the module is composed of varied types of questions. You may
see true/false, traditional multiple choice, matching, multiple
answer, completion, and/or essay. Pay attention to the answer
to the assessment questions as you move through each lesson.
After each module you will be given a summative test. Your
responses to the assessment parts of the module will be checked
and recorded.
Because the assessment questions are available within the
whole completion period and because you can reference the
answers to the questions within the content modules, we will
not release the answers within modules. However, your
professors are happy to discuss the assessments with you
during their consultation time, should you have any questions.

Good luck.
You may not work collaboratively. This is independent work.
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Lesson1. History of and Terminologies in Volleyball

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
 Explain the history of volleyball
 Enumerate important remarkable changes happened in volleyball
 Familiarize with the terminologies and advantages of playing volleyball
Getting Started:
Answer the following questions:
1. How do you think volleyball started?
2. If given a chance to change the name of volleyball, what would it be and why?
3. What do you think are the benefits you can get from playing badminton?
Discussion:
WILLIAM G. MORGAN - FATHER OF VOLLEYBALL
Born in 1870 at Lockport, New York, William G. Morgan spent his childhood years
attending public school and working at his father's boat yard on the banks of the Old Erie Canal.
In 1891 Morgan entered Mt. Hermon Preparatory School in Northfield, Massachusetts, and it
was there he developed a friendship with James A. Naismith, who was destined to be the
originator of basketball. Naismith was impressed with young Morgan's athletic skills and
encouraged Morgan to continue his education at the International Young Men's Christian

Association Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts (now called Springfield College).
While at Springfield, Morgan participated on the college's famous football team which played
championship ball under the leadership of Alonzo A. Stagg, one of the "Grand Old Men of
Football". In 1894, after graduation, Morgan accepted the position of physical director of the
Auburn, Maine YMCA. The following year he accepted a similar post in Holyoke,
Massachusetts, and it was here the story of Volleyball began.
INVENTION OF THE GAME
The year was 1895 and physical director William G. Morgan had a problem. The newly
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created game of basketball, while popular with the kids, was proving to be too strenuous for the
local businessmen. He needed an alternative - something these older gentlemen could play -
something without too much "bumping" or "jolting".
It had to be physical - playing a game, after work and at lunch time, should provide
exercise, but it also had to relax the participants - it couldn't be too aggressive.
It had to be a sport, Morgan said, "with a strong athletic impulse, but no physical
contact."
So, he borrowed ball used in basketball, he took net used in tennis. The use of hands and
the ability to play off the walls and over hangs, he borrowed from handball. And, from baseball,
he took the concept of innings.
He termed this new game "Mintonette". And though admittedly incomplete, it proved
successful enough to win an audience at the YMCA Physical Director's Conference held in
Springfield, Massachusetts the next year.
It was at this conference that Dr. Alfred Halstead, a professor at Springfield College,
suggested a two-word version of its present name - "Volley Ball".
The game of volleyball was quite a bit different from what it used to. It was played on a
smaller 25'x50' court, with an unlimited number of players hitting the ball an unlimited number
of times, on either side of a 6'6" high net. Things tended to get a little crowded.
Each game was broken up into nine innings, each inning made up of three outs, or
"serves". These serves could be helped over the net by a second player, if the server didn't quite
reach the net.
The basketball originally used proved to be a little too heavy, and the subsequent use of a
basketball bladder, too soft. Morgan remedied this by contacting A.G. Spalding, a local sporting
goods manufacturer who designed a special ball - a rubber bladder, encased in leather, 25" or so
in circumference - the "volleyball".

Though still in its infancy, the sport was slowly developing and with the YCMA taking
the reigns, Morgan was confident volleyball would continue to entertain and relax the boys down
at the "Y".
What he probably didn't realize was that he had just created what would become the
second most popular team sport in the world.
WORLDWIDE GROWTH
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The physical education directors of the YMCA, encouraged particularly by two
professional schools of physical education, Springfield College in Massachusetts and George
Williams College in Chicago (now at Downers Grove, Illinois), adopted volleyball in all its
societies throughout the United States, Canada (in 1900 Canada became the first foreign country
to adopt the game), and also in many other countries: Elwood S. Brown in the Philippines
(1910), J. Howard Crocker in China, Franklin H. Brown in Japan (1908), Dr. J.H. Gray in
Burma, in China and in India, and others in Mexico and South American, European and African
countries.
By 1913 the development of volleyball on the Asian continent was assured as, in that
year, the game was included in the program of the first Far-Eastern Games, organized in Manila.
It should be noted that, for a long time, volleyball was played in Asia according to the "Brown"
rules which, among other things, used 16 players (to enable a greater participation in matches).
The Philippines had much influence over the style of modern volleyball. In fact,
Philippine volleyball players invented the set and spike and helped influence the "three-hit
limit." The new technique invented by the Filipinos prompted American enthusiasts and
participants in volleyball to call it the "bomba" or "Filipino bomb", because spiking the ball was
like a hit or a form of attack that can squash or kill the opportunity of the opponent team to hit
the ball back for a possible point or win.
An indication of the growth of volleyball in the United States is given in an article

published in 1916 in the Spalding Volleyball Guide and written by Robert C. Cubbon. In that
article Cubbon estimated that the number of players had reached a total of 200,000 people
subdivided in the following way: in the YMCA (boys, young men, and older men) 70,000, in the
YWCA (girls and women) 50,000, in schools (boys and girls) 25,000 and in colleges (young
men) 10,000.
In 1916, the YMCA managed to induce the powerful National Collegiate Athletic
Association (NCAA) to publish its rules and a series of articles, contributing to the rapid growth
of volleyball among young college students. In 1918 the number of players per team was limited
to six, and in 1922 the maximum number of authorized contacts with the ball was fixed at three.
Until the early 1930s volleyball was for the most part a game of leisure and recreation,
and there were only a few international activities and competitions. There were different rules of

the game in the various parts of the world; however, national championships were played in
many countries (for instance, in Eastern Europe where the level of play had reached a remarkable
standard).
Volleyball thus became more of a competitive sport with high physical and technical
performance.
THE FIVB
It has seen the start of two centuries and the dawn of a new millennium. Volleyball is
now one of the big five international sports, and the FIVB, Sports) with its 220 affiliated national
federations, is the largest international sporting federation in the world.
Volleyball has witnessed unprecedented growth over the last decade. With the great
success of world competitions such as the FIVB World Championships, the FIVB World
League, the FIVB World Grand Prix, the FIVB World Cup, and the FIVB Grand Champions
Cup as well as the Olympic Games, the level of participation at all levels internationally
continues to grow exponentially.
The beach volleyball phenomenon also continues to amaze. The overwhelming spectator
and television success of Beach Volleyball since its introduction to the Olympic Games at
Atlanta 1996 and the stunning success of the FIVB Swatch World Tour and World
Championships has opened up volleyball to a completely new market.
SOURCE: ©2020 SportsEngine, https://www.volleyhall.org/page/show/3821594-history-of-
volleyball
Latest Volleyball News from the NCAA and NAIA.
Two years later, the first two-man beach volleyball game was played, though the
professional side of the sport did not emerge until much later. Not surprisingly, the first beach
volleyball association appeared in California (1965), and the professional players united under
the auspices of the AVP (American Volleyball Professionals) in 1983.
During the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, American men and women took gold and silver
medals in indoor volleyball competitions. Four years later at the Olympics in Korea, the men
once again scored gold. Starting in 1996, two-man beach volleyball was officially introduced to
the Olympics. Today, there are more than 800 million volleyball players worldwide, 46 million
of them in the U.S.
Timeline of Significant Volleyball Events
In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.

In 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck
by another player (the set and spike) was introduced.
In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.
In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. Twenty-seven
teams from 11 states were represented.
In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed,Sports)

so the United States Volleyball
Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the
field was open to non-YMCA squads.
In 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.
In 1934, national volleyball referees were approved and recognized.
In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball
Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.
In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded.
In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.
In 1949, the initial World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
In 1964, volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.
In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.
In 1975, the U.S. National Women’s team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena,
Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA, in 1980, and
San Diego, CA, in 1985).
In 1977, the U.S. National Men’s Team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio
(moved to San Diego, CA, in 1981).
In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.
In 1984, the U.S. won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The men won the gold
and the women the silver.

In 1986, the Women’s Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.
In 1988, the U.S. men repeated the gold in the Olympics in Korea.
In 1990, the World League was created.
In 1995, the sport of volleyball was 100 years old!
In 1996, two-person beach volleyball became an Olympic sport.

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SOURCE: https://www.athleticscholarships.net/history-of-volleyball.htm
VOLLEYBALL TERMINOLOGIES
ACE– A serve that is not passable and results immediately in a point
ANTENNA– The vertical rods (normally white and red) mounted near the edges of the net. The
antennas are mounted directly above the sidelines and are not-in-play. Antennas are not usually
used on outdoor nets
APPROACH– Fast stride toward the net by a spiker before he jumps in the air.
ASSIST– Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a kill. This stat is
normally only logged for high school, college, and National/Olympic team play
ATTACK– The offensive action of hitting the ball.The attempt by one team to terminate the
play by hitting the ball to the floor on the opponent’s side.
ATTACK BLOCK– Receiving players’ aggressive attempt to block a spiked ball before it
crosses the net.
ATTACK ERROR– An unsuccessful attack which does one of the following:

1) the ball lands out of bounds, 2) the ball goes into the net and terminates play or goes into the
net on the third hit, 3)the ball is blocked by the opposition
for a point or sideout, 4) the attacker is called for a center line violation, or 5) the attacker is
called for illegal contact (lift, double hit…) on the attack.
ATTACKER– Also “hitter” or “spiker.” A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the
purpose of terminating play in his or her team’s favor
ATTACK LINE– A line 3m from the net that separates the front row players from the back row
players. Commonly referred to as the “10-foot line”
BACKCOURT– The area from the endline to the attack line
BACK SET– A set delivered behind the setter’s back, which is subsequently hit by an attacker

BACKROW ATTACK– When a back row player attacks theball by jumping from behind the
3m line before hitting the ball. If the back row player steps on or past the 3m lineduring take-off,
the attack is illegal.
BEACH DIG– An open hand receive of the ball, also called a “Deep Dish”
BLOCK– A defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spiked ball back to
the hitter’s court. It may be a combination of one, two or three players jumping in front of the
opposing
the hands.
spiker and contacting the
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spiked ball with
BUMP– a common term for forearm passing
BALL HANDLING ERROR– Any time the official calls a double hit, a thrown ball or a lift
(except on a serve reception or attack). For our purposes, this category also includes any
blocking errors (when an official calls a blocker for a violation such as going into the net,
centerline violation, reaching over the net, etc.).
BUMP PASS– The use of joined forearms to pass or set a ball in an underhand manner
CAMPFIRE– A ball that falls to the floor in an area that’s surrounded by two, three, four or
more players. At the instant after the ball hits the floor, it appears as if the players are encircling
and staring at a campfire
CENTER LINE– The boundary that runs directly under the net and divides the court into two
equal halves.
CLOSING THE BLOCK– The responsibility of the assisting blocker(s) to join the primary
blocker and create an impenetrable block in which a ball cannot fit between the two individual
blockers
CROSS COURT SHOT– An individual attack directed at an angle from one end of the

offensive team’s side of the net to the opposite sideline of the defensive team’s court.
CUT SHOT– A spike from the hitter’s strong side that travels at a sharp angle across the net.
DECOY– An offensive play meant to disguise the spiker who will receive the set
DEEP SET– Set to be hit away from the net to confuse or disrupt the timing of the blockers.
DIG– Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball. Slang for the art of passing an attacked ball close to
the floor.
DINK– A legal push of the ball around or over blockers

DOUBLE BLOCK– Two players working in unison to deflect an attacked ball at the net back to
the hitter’s side
DOUBLE HIT– Successive hits or contacts by the same player (Illegal)
DOUBLE QUICK– Two hitters approaching the setter for a quick inside hit.

DOUBLES– A game with two players on each side, most commonly played on a sand court.
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DOWN BALL– A ball the blockers elect not to attempt to block because it has been set too far
from the net or the hitter is not under control. A “Down Ball” is hit
overhand and driven over the net with topspin while the player remains standing. “Down Ball,”
is usually called aloud by the defense when it becomes apparent the attacker has no chance of
hitting a powerful spike.
FIVE-ONE– A 6-player offensive system that uses five hitters and one setter
FIVE SET– A back set to the right front hitter
FLARE– Inside-out path of an outside spiker who hid behind a quick hitter
FLOATER– A serve which does not spin or rotate and therefore moves in an erratic path. This
is similar to a “knuckle ball” pitch in baseball.
FOREARM PASS– Join your arms from the elbows to the wrists and strike the ball with the
fleshy part of your forearms in an underhand motion
FOUL– A violation of the rules
FOUR SET– A set 1′ from the sideline, and 1’ to 2′ above the net.
FOUR-TWO– A 6-player offensive system using four hitters and two setters
FREE BALL– A ball that will be returned by a pass rather than a spike. This is usually called
aloud by the defense instructing players to move into serve receive positions.
HELD BALL– A ball that comes to rest during contact resulting in a foul
HIT– To jump and strike the ball with an overhand, forceful shot
HITTER– Also “spiker” or “attacker”
HITTING PERCENTAGE– kills vs. attempts

INSIDE SHOOT– A playset or a 33.
ISOLATION PLAY– Designed to isolate the attacker on a specific defender, normally to

exploit a weakness or give a hitter a chance to hit against a single block
JUNGLE BALL– Any volleyball game with people who don’t really know how to play
volleyball. A common euphemism for this type of game is “Picnic Volleyball”
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JUMP SERVE –A serve that is started by the server tossing the ball into the air and jumping
into and hitting the ball in its downward motion.
JOUST– When 2 opposing players are simultaneously attempting to play a ball above the net
KEY– To predict a team’s next play by observation of patterns or habits.
KILL– An attack that results in an immediate point or side out
LINE– The marks that serve as boundaries of a court
LINE SHOT– A ball spiked down an opponent’s sideline, closest to the hitter and outside
the block
LET SERVE– A serve that contacts the net. If the ball dribbles over, it’s playable just like any
other ball that contacts the net on the way over. If the ball fails to clear the net, it will become
dead when it either hits the serving team’s court, or is contacted by a player on the serving team
MIDDLE-BACK– A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover deep spikes
MIDDLE-UP– A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover dinks or short
shots
MINTONETTE– The original name of the game of volleyball, created by William Morgan
MULTIPLE OFFENSE– A system of play using different types of sets other than just normal
outside sets
OFFSIDE BLOCK – Player at the net, which is on the side away from the opponent’s attack
OFF-SPEED HIT – Any ball spiked with less than maximum force but with spin
OUTSIDE HITTER – a left-front or right-front attacker normally taking an approach which

starts from outside the court
OVERHAND PASS – A pass executed with both hands open, controlled by the fingers and
thumbs, played just above the forehead

OVERHAND SERVE – Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the shoulder
OVERLAP – refers to the positions of the players in the rotation prior to the contact of the ball
when serving
PANCAKE – A one-handed defensive technique where the hand is extended and the palm is slid
along the floor as the player dives or extension rolls, and timed so that the ball bounces off the
back of the hand.
PASS see “Forearm Pass”
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PENETRATION– The act of reaching across and breaking the plane of the net during blocking
POINT OF SERVICE– A serve that results in a point (an ace by NCAA standards) as

the serve is not returnable due to a bad pass by the receiver, this number includes aces.
POWER ALLEY– A cross-court hit traveling away from the spiker to the farthest point of the
court.
POWER TIP– A ball that is pushed or directed with force by an attacking team.
POWER VOLLEYBALL– A competitive style of volleyball started by the Japanese
QUICK – a player approaching the setter for a quick inside hit
QUICK SET – a set (usually 2’ above the net) in which the hitter is approaching the setter, and
may even be in the air, before the setter delivers the ball. This type of set requires precise timing
between the setter and hitter
READY POSITION – The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes before moving to
contact the ball
RECEPTION ERROR – A serve that a player should have been able to return, but results in
an ace (and only in the case of an ace). If it is a “husband/wife” play (where the ball splits the
two receivers), the receiving team is given the reception error instead of an individual
RED CARD – a severe penalty in which an official displays a red card. The result of a red
card may be a player is disqualified, the team loses the serve, or the team loses a point. A red
card may be given with or without a prior yellow card as a warning; it is up to the official’s
discretion
ROLL – a certain way to pass a ball in which the digger or passer lays out an arm, passes the
ball, and rolls over the shoulder (over the shoulder roll) or back (barrel roll) after passing the
ball. This is a quick way to return to action after the play.

ROOF – A ball that when spiked is blocked by a defensive player such that the ball deflects
straight to the floor on the attacker’s side
ROTATION – The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the serving
position following a side out
SERVE – One of the six basic skills; used to put the ball into play. It is the only skill controlled
exclusively by one player Physical Education I
SERVER – The player who puts the ball into play
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SERVICE ERROR – An unsuccessful serve in which one or more of the following occurs: 1)
the ball hits the net or fails to clear the net, 2) the ball lands out of bounds, or 3)
the server commits a foot fault
SERVICE WINNER – A point the serving team scores when this player has served the ball.
The point can be an immediate (in the case of an ace) or delayed (a kill or opponent attack
error after a long rally). Therefore, the sum of the team’s service winners equals their score
SET – The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can spike it into the
opponent’s court
SETTER – the player who has the 2nd of 3 contacts of the ball who “sets” the ball with an
“Overhand Pass” for a teammate to hit. The setter normally runs the offense
SIDE OUT – Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away against the
serving team, or when the serving team commits an unforced error, and the receiving team thus
gains the right to serve
SIX PACK – Occurs when a blocker gets hit in the head or face by a spiked ball
SIX-TWO – A 6-player offense using 2 setters opposite one another in the rotation. Setter 1

becomes a hitter upon rotating into the front row as setter 2 rotates into the back row and
becomes the setter
SPIKE – Also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive team who
intends to terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor or off the opponent’s blocker
STRONG SIDE – When a right-handed hitter is hitting from the left-front position or when a
left-handed hitter is hitting from the right-front position
STUFF – A ball that is deflected back to the attacking team’s floor by the opponent’s blockers.
A slang term for “block”
TURNING IN – the act of an outside blocker turning his/her body into the court so as to ensure
the blocked ball is deflected into the court and lands in-bounds

UNDERHAND SERVE – a serve in which the ball is given a slight under-hand toss from about
waist high and then struck with the opposite closed fist in an “underhand pitching” motion
WEAK SIDE – When a right-handed player is hitting from right-front position or when a left-
handed player is hitting from the left-front position
WIPE – when a hitter pushes the ball off of the opposing block so it lands out of bounds
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YELLOW CARD – a warning from an official indicated by the display of a yellow card. Any
player or coach who receives two yellow cards in a match is disqualified. A single yellow
card does not result in loss of point or serve
SOURCE: https://www.volleyball.com/volleyball-101/learn-volleyball-terms/
Court Dimensions
The game is played on a volleyball court 18 meters (59 feet) long and 9 meters (29.5 feet)
wide, divided into two 9 m × 9 m halves by a one-meter (40-inch) wide net placed so that the top
of the net is 2.43 meters (7 feet 11 5/8 inches) above the center of the court for men's
competition, and 2.24 meters (7 feet 4 1/8 inches) for women's competition (these heights are
varied for veterans and junior competitions).

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Source: http://www.wysc.org/Page.asp?n=3259
REMEMBER THE FOLLOWING BEFORE PLAYING VOLLEYBALL!

Volleyball is among the safest sports out there, but injuries can happen. To keep things as
safe as possible while playing volleyball, follow these tips.
Safe Volleyball Gear
Use the right gear:
 Knee pads to protect the knees when sliding or falling.
 Padded shorts to protect the hips when diving for a ball.
 Other pads and braces such as elbow or forearm pads, ankle or wrist braces, or thumb splints.
 Volleyball shoes for good traction on gym floors and extra padding for comfort.

 Mouthguards to protect the teeth, lips, cheeks, and tongue.
 Prescription goggles for players who wear glasses and shatterproof sunglasses when playing
outside.

Athletic supporters for guys and sports bras for girls for support and comfort.
Safe Volleyball Training
To prevent injuries during training, players should:

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 Get a sports physical before starting any training program.
 Be in good shape before playing volleyball.
 Always warm up and stretch before practice and matches.

 Use proper technique. If there are concerns about technique, a trained instructor can help.
 Stop training if they get injured or feel pain. They need to get checked by an athletic trainer,
coach, doctor, or nurse before going back on the court.
 Play different sports throughout the year to prevent overuse injuries.
Reviewed by: Amy W. Anzilotti, MD

Date reviewed: March 2019
Dealing with Sports Injuries
Prevention First
The best way to deal with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first
place. Think of avoiding injury as just another part of playing by the rulebook. Knowing the
rules of the game you're playing and using the right equipment can go a long way toward
preventing injuries.
Types of Sports Injuries
Common reasons why teens get injured playing sports include:
 not training or playing properly

 training too much
 not wearing the right footwear
 not wearing the right safety equipment
 rapid growth during puberty
There are two kinds of sports injuries:

1. Acute traumatic injuries are things like fractures, sprains and strains, concussions, and cuts.
They usually happen after a blow or force — like getting tackledSports)
in football or wiping out while
skateboarding.
2. Overuse injuries include things like stress fractures and tendonitis. These injuries are also
called chronic injuries because they happen over time, usually from repetitive training, like
running, overhand throwing, or serving a ball in tennis. Overuse injuries can be just as damaging
as acute injuries, even though they might not seem serious at first. If they're not treated, they
usually get worse.
What To Do
If you think you've been injured, pull yourself out the game or stop doing your activity or
workout. Let a coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor.
Call a doctor when:

 pain is very bad
 pain is worse when you're active
 the injured area is swollen
 you're limping
 your range of motion is limited
 pain continues for a while, gets worse at times, or lasts for a week or more following an injury
Where Injuries Happen
You can get a sports injury anywhere on your body. Here are some key points to know
about common sports injuries.
Head and Neck Injuries
Serious head and neck injuries happen most often in athletes who play contact sports (like
football or rugby) or sports with the potential for falling accidents, such as horseback riding and
gymnastics.

Head injuries include fractures, concussions, contusions (bruises), and hematomas.
A hematoma is bleeding or pooling of blood in or around the brain caused by an impact to the
head from a fall, forceful shaking of the head, or a blow to the head.
Neck injuries include strains, sprains, fractures, burners, and whiplash, which is an injury
to the neck caused by an abrupt jerking motion of the head. Neck injuries are among the most
dangerous sports injuries.
Never try to move someone who may have a neck injury. A mishandled neck fracture
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could lead to permanent paralysis or even death. Keep the injured person still with his or
her head held straight while someone calls for emergency medical help. If the person is lying on
the ground, do not try to move him or her.
Back Injuries
Most back injuries are caused by twists or overexertion of back muscles during bending
or lifting movements. Back injuries are most common in contact sports like football and ice
hockey, or in weightlifting, rowing, golf, figure skating, gymnastics, and dancing.
Sex Organ Injuries
Injuries to the sex organs usually affect guys more than girls because the penis and
testicles are outside the body and are more exposed. Injuries to the uterus or ovaries are rare, but
breast injuries are a common complaint among teen girls. As the breasts develop, they often can
be sore, and a blow from a softball or a collision during field hockey can be painful.
Hand and Wrist Injuries
Hand, finger, and wrist injuries can happen after things like a fall that forces the hand or
fingers backward, or a direct blow. As with other injuries, hand and wrist injuries are most
common in contact sports, such as football, lacrosse, and hockey, or in sports like gymnastics,
field hockey, rowing, and basketball where the fingers, hands, and wrists are at risk.
Foot and Ankle Injuries
Feet and ankles are particularly vulnerable to injury in sports that involve a lot of
running. Another reason for foot injuries is wearing the wrong shoes, especially if someone
has flat feet, high arches, or other foot differences.

Getting Back in the Game
Your first question after a sports injury will probably be, "When can I play again?" This
depends on the injury and what your doctor tells you. Even if you can't return to your sport right
away, a doctor or physical therapist might have suggestions and advice on what you can do to
stay fit. Always check with your doctor before trying any activity following an injury.
A rehabilitation program also can help you stay fit asSports)
Rehab
you recover. If rehabilitation
("rehab" for short) is part of your treatment program it might include exercise, manual therapy
from a physical therapist, and ultrasound or other technology to help relieve pain and promote
healing.
Preventing Reinjury
When you've recovered, you might need new protective gear to protect an injured body
part. This can include modified shoes, tape to provide extra support, or additional padding to
protect against a direct blow.
To help prevent reinjury, be sure to warm up before practice and games. Take it slow
when you first get back to your sport and gradually build back up to your preinjury level.
Most importantly, know your limits. Check in with your body: if a previously injured
area (or any body part) begins to hurt, stop right away and rest. Get help from a doctor if the pain
continues. Pain is your body's way of saying something isn't right.
Reviewed by: Mary L. Gavin, MD

SOURCE: https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/safety-volleyball.html
BENEFITS OF PLAYING VOLLEYBALL

There are number of reasons why people play volleyball. It is a fun way to bond with
family and friends. And it’s an alternative way of reaching fitness goals. Others simply play
volleyball for fun and entertainment. Whatever your reason may be, you will reap the benefits of
playing volleyball.
TOP BENEFITS OF PLAYING VOLLEYBALL

Physical Benefits
1. Improve Cardiovascular Health

2. Improves Your Muscular System
3. Improves Joint Health
4. Weight Loss
5. Improves Hand Eye Co Ordination
6. Enhances Your Reflexes & Reaction Time
7. Develop Agility, Speed, Coordination, Stamina & Flexibility
8. Improves Core Strength, Flexibility & Speed
9. Improves Muscular Stabilizer Strength
10. Increases Your Metabolic Rate
11. Enhances Your Aerobic Capacity
12. Enhances Energy Levels Sports)
Emotional Benefits
1. Improves Interpersonal Skills & Builds Teamwork
2. Social Interaction & Enhanced Sense Of Happiness & Belonging
3. Reduces Stress & Anxiety
4. Improves Your Mood
5. Develops Self Esteem & Boosts Confidence
6. Sportsmanship
7. Leadership
8. Communication Skills
9. Cognitive Stimulation & Functioning
10. Enhances Sleep & Alertness
11. Great Way To Meet People
12. Take Initiative
13. Develop Emotional Connections
14. Teaches Accountability
15. Motivation & The Drive To Succeed
16. Treatment & Rehabilitation
SOURCE: https://welovevolleyball.co/benefits-playing-volleyball/
DID YOU KNOW?
 Volleyball was invented by William G. Morgan in 1895, but it did not become an
Olympic sport until 1964.
 The longest volleyball marathon on record was played in Amstelveen,
Netherlands, from December 27 to December 30, 2011. The event lasted 85
hours, with 63 matches played in total.
 The record for most consecutive passes in volleyball is 110, achieved in the
United States, in Raleigh, North Carolina, on February 5, 2010.

 A single player may jump as many as 300 times in a volleyball match.
Exercise I (History of Volleyball) Sports)
Create a timeline of events in Volleyball from its invention to year 1996.
Sample Timeline:
Exercise II (Terminologies) Instruction: Give what is being asked.

Create at least 5 scenarios where you can you use the different terminologies in volleyball.

Lesson2. Volleyball Fundamentals
Lesson Objectives: Physical Education I
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to: Sports)
 Enumerate the fundamental skills in volleyball
 Familiarize with ball handling (passing, serving, digging, blocking, setting, and hitting).
Getting Started:
1. Name famous volleyball stars you know.
2. What skill/s in volleyball you think they possess why do you like him/her?
Discussion:
The following are the essential skills needed in volleyball. Enable to enjoy and win the
game, one must understand the relevance of volleyball fundamentals. The following lesson is
produced by the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association in cooperation with USA Volleyball
Grassroots & Education.
PASSING
In volleyball much is made of the ability to serve because of the personal fitness and
deception that can be demonstrated; to set, which is volleyball’s answer to the quarterback
position of football; to finish a rally with the placement and power of a spike.
Perhaps the least recognized and most critical element of volleyball is the pass. In
recreational volleyball it is the greatest moment of confusion because some players are
concerned about returning the ball while others are just plain uncertain where that ball is going to
go after the first touch.
More points are lost on a team’s inability to deal effectively with the first ball over the
net than at any other point in a game. Most experienced players value a teammate who can pass,
as much as they do a good outside hitter and setter. The reason is simple. A good pass will
transform your team from a defensive posture to an offensive attack. The most common and
effective form of passing is the forearm pass. It’s the easiest way to get the ball under control.

The only way you can be called for a foul is if the ball rolls up your arms or comes to rest on
your arms which will result in a held ball call.
The forearm pass is also known as the bump pass. To use it correctly, you must join your
hands together and allow the ball to strike the fleshy part of your forearms simultaneously. There
many ways of joining your hands, we’ll touch on a couple here. But the best way to learn is to
watch a few players and experiment. A common mistake is to allow the ball to strike your wrists
or hands, often resulting in an unpredictable pass or a ball returned over the net, commonly
called an overpass. The best way to avoid this problem is to remind yourself to bend your wrists
and hands down before impact to help cushion the ball.
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TWO HAND POSITIONS ARE:
Wrapped fist - Make a fist with your dominant hand and wrap it in the palm of your
other hand, with both thumbs side by side and pointing at the floor.
Cupped palms - Bring your hands together as if you were going to take a sip of water
from your hands, and lay your thumbs across the top as in Wrapped Fist position. Some players
even like to lock their fingers under their thumbs. See diagram at right.
Illustration:
Pick the passing method that works best for you. Don’t be concerned about which
method is better than the other. It’s really about personal choice and effective control. Whichever
you choose, keep these five points in mind:
1. Keep the ball between your wrists and elbows in the fattest part of the forearm
2. Press the wrists and hands down to hyperextend the arms
3. Lock your elbows. This gives the ball the most area to hit, and helps you control the direction
of your pass.
4. Try to bend your knees before the ball gets to you so that you can both absorb the serve and
re-direct the pass. 5. Don’t swing at the ball, but do try to shrug your shoulders toward your
target at the moment of impact.

SETTING
The setter runs the offense, and determines which hitter to set. Sometimes, a team has
two setters. The key to good setting is consistency. The basic premise of setting is to take a bump
pass and convert it to a well placed ball that can be effectively hit by another player to the
opponent’s court. The proper technique for setting is to raise your hands about five inches above
your head with your thumbs on the bottom and pointed towards your eyes. Your fingers should
be loose and slightly cupped. Don’t spread your hands any farther than necessary to receive the
ball. As a guide, you’ll have a two to three inch gap between both of your thumbs and both of
your forefingers.
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Here are a few things to keep in mind about setting:

1. Get to the ball.
2. Face your target (except when you’re deliberately making a back set).
3. Bend your elbows and your knees.
4. Look at the ball through the opening between your hands.
5. Bring both hands into contact with the ball simultaneously.
6. Don’t let the ball touch your palm. This is called a push, and is a violation. If the ball comes
to rest in your hand, or you strike the ball unevenly with either hand, you’ll be in violation.
7. Receive the ball over your head, and let it snap out of your finger pads. Keep your hands
above your face or you’ll be whistled.
There are six basic types of sets:

One Set - Set a foot or two over the net and hit while the ball is still rising. This is the
quickest of sets and is usually for the middle hitter.
Two Set - Set two to four feet above the net and is also quick. Again, this ball is usually
for the middle hitter.
Three Set - Also set low and fast (about 4 - 6 feet above the net and delivered midway
Physical Education
between the setter and the sideline). This ball is for either the middle or outside hitter.
I
Four Set - A low set (1 - 2 feet above the net) for the outside hitter that is delivered near
the sideline and over the net. Sometimes called a “Shoot Set.” Sports)
Five Set - A high Backset near the sideline.
Six Set - (fist hand signal) A high outside set to either sideline.
Finally, there is a time when the setter gets to try and score. This is called a “setter
dump”, and is executed when the setter comes to the net but instead of setting, pushes the ball
over the net in a “tip” play.
HITTING
If there is a moment of truth in volleyball, it is the perfectly hit spike. The spike combines
power, speed and athleticism to provide the excitement that is uniquely volleyball. The spike is
used to either put the ball down in a portion of the court where the opposition is not, or to strike
the ball so hard that the defenders are unable to deal with it effectively. Front row players can
attack the ball from anywhere on the court. Back row players can only attack from behind the
three meter line.
Hitters must master such techniques as the:

Cross Court Shot - This ball must be hit extremely hard while aiming for a space on the
floor between the front row players and the back row player that is diagonally positioned farthest
from the hitter.
Tip or Dink Shot - The most important aspect of this shot is hitting with a wrist that does
not break. Just push or roll the ball with the fingertips over the outstretched hands of the
blocker(s). Be sure to face the direction of the dink or a push or carry may be called.
Line Shot - The simplest way to describe this shot is to imagine a left outside hitter who
is right-handed receiving a set from her right side, rotating her body as she drops her left
shoulder, and aiming the ball for the left sideline.
Soft Top Spin Shot - Commonly called a “roll shot” or off-speed attack, this ball is
contacted a little softer and on the lower portion of the ball. The players hand then rolls over the

top of the ball. This action creates top spin which causes the ball to drop quickly, usually just
behind the front line players.
Hitting combines various elements of technique. Your approach to the net, speed, planting of
feet, jumping, timing, body position, and distance from the net are among the factors that
contribute to the success of your hit. If you’re experiencing difficulty in any aspect of your hit, or
repeatedly making an error, ask a qualified instructor to study your form and make suggestions.
SERVING Physical Education I
play. Your serving options are:
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Sooner or later, every player ends up in the right back position and gets to put the ball in
The Underhand Serve - Since this is the easiest serve to execute, don’t be embarrassed
to use it in novice or recreational situations. The goal of any serve is to get the ball in play. Sure,
we all like to hit an “ace” that rockets across the net, but the first obligation is to maintain serve.
The technique is to gently toss the ball up and in front of you while bringing the other hand
forward to make contact. A simple toss of several inches will suffice. Make contact with the heel
of the hand or the open part of the palm along the index finger and the thumb. If you prefer to
fold you fingers into your palm for strength or control, keep your thumb out to the side and avoid
striking the ball with your knuckles. Such an irregular surface can make the ball go in
unpredictable directions. Stand outside the court, anywhere along and behind the end line, about
ten feet from the right sideline. If you’re right-handed, hold the ball in you left hand and take a
step forward with your left foot while lobbing the ball ever so slightly in front of yourself. All
this time you bring your right arm back past your hip and then forward to meet the ball just as it
is coming down from the low toss. Never take your eyes off the ball. Just before you start your
serve make a mental picture of the opponent’s positions on the court and decide where you’re
going to attempt to put the ball.
The Overhand Serve - This is the most popular serve in competitive volleyball. There
are many variations that you can master with practice. As in any serve, make sure you don’t
touch or cross the endline at any time during your serve. This type of serve offers speed and
deception.

When using the overhead serve, the ball passes over theSports)
net quickly and can be made to
do a number of different things including dropping quickly and floating erratically. Strike the
ball with either an open hand or a slightly cupped hand. A rigid wrist will allow you greatest
power. Toss the ball over your head about three feet and slightly to your left and take a step
forward with your weight shifting from your right foot to your left foot. Arch your back slightly
and bend your arm at the elbow as the right arm comes behind your head and is brought forward
to strike the ball. Finish with a follow through to your hip. Once you know what open spot on the
other side you will serve, focus on the ball, from toss to contact.
OVERHAND SERVE BALL ACTION

The Floater - This ball flight has no stabilizing spin and will dart more like a knuckle
ball in baseball. The secret is to simply hit the ball in the center - in relation to its line of flight -
so very little or no spin occurs. Floaters work equally well with the underhand serve or the
overhand. The movement of the ball is very unpredictable to the opposing players.
The Top Spin - This ball flight results when the ball is struck on top using wrist snap
and moves very quickly over the net. The beauty of this shot is that it drops suddenly, leaving
little time for an opponent to react.
The Jump Serve - This ball flight requires a higher toss and a literal jump in the air.
Apply contact with the ball just as in the Top Spin serve, and the results can be even more
devastating given the added force of the jump. However, this is the hardest serve to master, and
without sufficient top spin, the ball will likely end up way out of bounds. It’s safest to aim this
serve at the middle of the court.

The Curve - This ball flight can be most effective Sports)
outdoors in windy conditions.
Approach the shot just like a top spin serve until the moment of impact and then hit the ball left
or right of center. The ball will curve in the direction in which it is hit.
INDIVIDUAL DEFENSE
There are only two ways to mount a successful defense in the game of volleyball; digging
and blocking. Both require hard work. You must be willing to sacrifice physically.
DIGGING
The proper technique for a dig is similar to a bump pass, but your knees are bent much
more and your weight is more forward to be able to extend yourself to the floor if necessary to
retrieve the ball. Sprawling, rolling and diving are extremely important techniques used to dig a
ball. Proper execution, leg placement, timing of floor contact, and returning to your feet are
considerations. Watch others, ask for instruction and practice these skills often in non-game
conditions to avoid injury to yourself or others.
BLOCKING
The surest way to cripple your opponent’s attack is to take away a hitter’s spike. And the surest
way to do that is with a well-coordinated blocking scheme.
Blockers don’t need to take a running start, but must stay close to the net and leap up. If
you require a running start to jump, you probably don’t belong in the block. Stand with your
hands and fingers held fully extended above the shoulders. Focus on the hitter in front of you and
slide into the path of the descending ball at the point where it will cross the net.
Your jump should occur just slightly after the hitter’s. Knees must be bent before takeoff
to jump straight up. As you jump, fully extend your arms and hands. Spread your fingers, but
keep them rigid, and bend your wrists as you rise above the net so that your hands break the
plane of the net. If you keep your arms just a few inches apart, you’ll avoid letting a ball go
through them.
If you’re a shorter player forced to block, bend your wrists back instead of forward and
don’t try to penetrate the net after the block which should put the ball in good position for either
you or another teammate to play it. This is called a soft block.

Blocks don’t count as hits so you can legally play them (except in beach doubles, where
it does count as first touch). The double block usually relies on the middle hitter and one of the
outside hitters to obstruct as much hitting space as possible. If positioned correctly, the blockers
prevent the cross-court shot and the line shot.
The triple block is used occasionally and requires all three front row players to
participate. No back line players may come up to block.
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SOURCE: 2004 Guide to Volleyball Basics – by SGMA Volleyball Council & USA Volleyball 23
ver 5.1.04
TRY THIS!
Exercise 1. Instruction: Give what is being asked
1. What are the 6 basic skills in volleyball?
1. 4.
2. 5
3. 6.
2.Give at least 4 types of service.
7. 9.
8. 10.
3. Two hands position in passing
11. 12.
4. Give at least 3 types of attack you should master in playing volleyball.
13. 14. 15.

APPLICATION:
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Practice the six fundamental skills in playing volleyball. Write an observation/evaluation
about yourself on dealing with the six fundamentals in volleyball. Attach documentation during
the execution of the six fundamental skills in volleyball. Improvised equipment is accepted.
RUBRIC:
Content- 50%
Documentation- 50%
Total 100%

Sports)
Lesson 3: Volleyball Exercises
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
 Practice exercises that will help develop skills in badminton
 Apply the body conditioning routine properly
Getting Started:
1. Why is it stretching is important before the game starts?
2. What do you think is/are the benefits of physically and emotionally ready before
the game?
Discussion:
Developing good volleyball strength begins in the weight room, and it's important that
your athletes are doing the right exercises that set a solid foundation. Art of Coaching fitness
editor Marie Zidek, head volleyball coach at DePaul University and a certified strength and
conditioning specialist, demonstrates and explains 10 exercises here that are designed
specifically for volleyball players to develop strength in a safe way. Building this strength allows
athletes to then work on power development by keeping them in safe positions when exploding
through the power movements required in volleyball
10 volleyball-specific strength exercises by Marie Zidek
1. Good mornings

This exercise, done with 2 dumbbells, is good for glute strength, hamstrings and improving an
athlete's vertical jump.
Recommended Reps: 3 sets of 10 reps
2. Side-to-side twist with overhead press

Holding a plate with your hands at the 9 and 3 positions, this exercise builds the core and also
develops upper body strength. Specific to volleyball, it helps the shoulder stay healthy and aids
in the transfer of power from the core to the upper body.
Recommended Reps: 3 sets of 20 reps (10 left, 10 right)
3. Single leg RDL to overhead press

Sports)
This exercise, which works your hamstrings and glutes, helps improve your balance and
boosts your jump.
4. Lunge with a twist
This is another exercise that uses a plate. It helps strengthen your legs and makes your ankles
more stable so you're at less risk for injury. It also helps train you for single-leg jumps.
5. Lateral lunge with a press

These lateral lunges using a plate are good for developing quicker side to side moves and
strengthening the arms for a more stable digging and passing platform.
6. Dumbbell snatch
The dumbbell snatch is great for training triple extension (which is basically the mechanics of
jumping), power development and improving explosiveness.
7. Dumbbell pullover
This exercise has similar benefits as the side-to-side twist with overhead press: core and upper
body strength and transfer of strength from the core to the upper body in rhythm. It helps with all
overhead volleyball movements, including serving, blocking, setting and attacking.
8. Dumbbell squat to press

This is a good general exercise that helps all positions in volleyball. It builds lower-body strength
and also accounts for the upper-body movements that are very important to volleyball: setting,
serving, attacking, blocking and transferring power from the lower body to the upper body in a
fluid motion.
Recommended Reps: 3 sets of 16-20 reps

9. 10-and-2 drops
This is a great exercise for shoulder health and core stability. It helps the shoulder build the
muscles and strength needed to slow the shoulder down during throwing motions. It's good for
any volleyball move, but particularly blocking, setting and attacking.
10. Biceps with overhead press

This exercise is used for injury prevention in shoulders. Basically, it helps attackers develop
muscles that act as secondary movers during spiking.
Recommended Reps: 3 sets of 8 reps2 Sports)
Adapted from: High School and College, Sports Performance Training, For Players, multi-vid.
Dated: December 20, 2016
SOURCE:https://www.theartofcoachingvolleyball.com/10-volleyball-specific-strength-exercises/
Exercise 1:
1. Write a two-paraghraph reflection about your experience while doing the conditioning
exercises. First paragraph is about your experience and the second paragraph is about the
benefits you think you acquired after doing the body conditioning exercises.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________

Sports)
ii. Course Code PE 4

II. Course Title Team Sports
III. Module Number 2
IV. Module Title Volleyball Hand signals and Rules
V. Overview of the Module Volleyball is one of the most successful and popular
competitive and recreational sports in the world. It is fast, it is
exciting and the action is explosive. Yet Volleyball comprises
several crucial overlapping elements whose complimentary
interactions render it unique amongst rally games. Competition
taps latent strengths. It exhibits the best of ability, spirit,
creativity and aesthetics. The rules are structured to allow all of
these qualities. With a few exceptions, Volleyball allows all
players to operate both at the net (in attack) and in the back of
the court (to defend or serve).
This part of the module is aimed to help you learn
more about rules and hand signals used by the referees., It can
help you at a broaden your knowledge for the following
reasons:
1.)understanding the rules better and help you better play
2.)understanding the relationship between rules and volleyball

officials to make better decisions.
VI. Module Outcomes As for the outcome of the module, you are expected to
trace the history of volleyball and trace the remarkable changes
happened in the volleyball. Also, you are expected to be
familiarized with the how to officiate volleyball
games/understanding the rules and hand signals used by the
referees.
VII. General Instructions
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You must allot the necessary time to complete the lessons
each week. If you choose not to complete the lesson using the
schedule provided, you must understand that it is your full
responsibility to complete them by the last day of completion.
Time is of the essence.
The module is designed to assess student understanding of the
assigned lessons found within the associated content of the
midterm and final period of the course. The assessment part of
the module is composed of varied types of questions. You may
see true/false, traditional multiple choice, matching, multiple
answer, completion, and/or essay. Pay attention to the answer
to the assessment questions as you move through each lesson.
After each module you will be given a summative test. Your
responses to the assessment parts of the module will be checked
and recorded.
Because the assessment questions are available within the
whole completion period and because you can reference the
answers to the questions within the content modules, we will
not release the answers within modules. However, your
professors are happy to discuss the assessments with you
during their consultation time, should you have any questions.
Good luck.
You may not work collaboratively. This is independent work.

Getting Started: Sports)
1. What do you think will happen in a sport without rules?
2. Why is it important to be familiarized with rules and hand signals used in
volleyball?
3. Why is it respect and discipline matter in playing volleyball?
Discussion:
Competition taps latent strengths. It exhibits the best of ability, spirit, creativity and
aesthetics. The rules are structured to allow all of these qualities. With a few exceptions,
Volleyball allows all players to operate both at the net (in attack) and in the back of the court (to
defend or serve).
In recent years the FIVB has made great strides in adapting the game to a modern
audience.
SOURCE: OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES 2017-2020/ FFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES 2017-2020

Approved by the 35th FIVB Congress 2016
The illustration above is the focus of the referees in officiating a game. There are many
changes happened in volleyball when it comes to the rules, but most remained the same.
The essence of a good official lies in the concept of fairness and consistency:
– to be fair to every participant, – to be viewed as fair by the spectators.

This demands a huge element of trust – the referee must be trusted to allow the players to
entertain:
– by being accurate in his/her judgment; – by understanding why the rule is written; – by
being an efficient organizer; – by allowing the competition to flow and by directing it to a
conclusion; – by being an educator – using the rules to penalize the unfair or admonish the
impolite; – by promoting the game – that is, by allowing the spectacular elements in the game to
shine and the best players to do what they do best: entertain the public.
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Finally we can say that a good referee will use the rules to make the competition a
fulfilling experience for all concerned.
RULES OF VOLLEYBALL
There are thirty rules of the game of volleyball. Each of these rules is made up of articles
which address specific aspects of the rule. Each of the articles is subject to interpretation which
is usually addressed in rule books as ‘commentary.” In some cases, there are current practices
that differ from international rules. This review of the rules is not intended to give you a
complete explanation, but rather, like the rest of this brochure, just an overview of the basics. It
is critical that to be a proficient player, or just to avoid needless interruptions brought on by
debate of the rules of play, you should become very familiar with all the rules. Additionally, it
should be noted that high school, collegiate women, international competition, and beach
volleyball rules all vary somewhat from what is presented in this module.
SOURCE: www.usavolleyball.org/officiat/main.htm. Visit this page to understand more the
comprehensive rules of volleyball.
NOTE: Use your rule book to advance your own understanding of the rules, not like a
traffic cop whose job it is to point out other people’s violations.
RULE 1: Playing Area and Lines. See picture below
RULE 2: The Net and Posts. See picture below
RULE 3: The Ball. In professional league, standardized ball provided by the organizer is only
accepted. But in some leagues, any volleyball can be used.
RULE 4: The Teams. If the captain asks the first referee, before the match begins, players may
participate without shoes.
For international and USA Volleyball Open Competition, each team has the option to
register on their roster one specialized defensive player called the “Libero.”

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RULE 5: Players Equipment. Uniforms must be similar, clean and of the same color. The
Libero, if used, will wear a uniform of contrasting color.
No jewelry is allowed except medical and religious medals or flat wedding bands. These
may have to be taped to avoid hazards for players. No casts or hard splints or braces are allowed
on the upper body no matter how much padding is used. Only soft bandages and tape are
allowed.
RULE 6: Rights and Responsibilities of the Participants. Only the playing captain or coach
may ask for a time-out or substitution and only when the ball is not in play. Only the playing
captain may speak to the referees.
RULE 7: Scoring System. A volleyball match is won by the team that wins the best of three or
five sets.
All sets are rally scored. In the rally score system, a point is awarded on each service or
side out. This means that a receiving team’s error or penalty results in a point. Likewise, a
serving team’s error or penalty results in a point and the ball for the receiving team to serve. It
isn’t necessary for the winning team to be serving when the winning point is scored.

A set is won by the team which first scores 25 points with a minimum lead of two points.
In the case of a 24-24 tie, play is continued until a two point lead is achieved.
The deciding set of any match (3rd or 5th game) is played to 15 points. The winner is the
first team to achieve 15 points with a minimum lead of two points. Play is continued until a two
point lead is achieved.
A default game results if a team cannot field six players or fails to begin play after the
referee request. Default games are scored either 25-0 or 15-0 depending on the set being played.
Sports)
In a set to 25 points, if a default is due to injury, the losing team keeps its points and the winning
team is credited with at least 25 points or up to 27 if necessary to provide a two point victory.
RULE 8: Preparation for the Match: A coin is tossed at the beginning of the match. The
winner of the coin toss may choose to serve, receive the serve, or the side of the court. The same
choices are offered at a toss before the deciding game of a match if one is needed. After each set
of a match, players change sides of the court and bench areas at courtside.
RULE 9: Team Line-up. At least two minutes prior to a match and thirty seconds prior to the
expiration of the intermission between games, a coach or game captain submits the team line-up.
RULE 10: Players’ Positions and Rotation. At the moment the ball is contacted by the server,
each team must be completely within its own side of the court in two rows of three players. The
rows may be staggered.
Each player in the front row must have at least a part of one foot closer to the center line
than both feet of the corresponding back row player.
Each right (left) side player must have at least a part of one foot closer to the sideline
than both feet of the center player in the corresponding row. The server is exempt from the
application of this rule.
When the receiving team has gained the right to serve, its players must rotate one position
clockwise.
RULE 11: Substitution of Players. The act by which the referees authorize a player to leave
the court and a substitute to occupy that position.
If used, the Libero player must be recorded on the scoresheet before the match and
indicated on the roster. His/her number must also be added on the line-up sheet of the first set.
The Libero: • Must wear a jersey of contrasting color to his/her teammates.
• Is restricted to perform as a back-row player.
• Is not allowed to complete an attack hit from anywhere.
• Is not allowed to serve, block or attempt to block.

• Is not allowed to set a teammate for an attack hit when the Libero is in front of the 3 meter line.
The Libero may set a teammate when the Libero is completely behind the 3 meter line.
• Is allowed to replace any back-row player on any dead ball.
• Is not counted as a regular substitution and has unlimited entries. A rally must occur between
Libero replacements.
• Can only be replaced by the player whom he/she replaced. Physical Education I
authorized by a referee. An injured or ill player has 30 secondsSports)
• Substitution occurs on the sideline between the endline and three-meter line and need not be
to decide whether to continue
playing or exit the game. After 30 seconds, the team must take a time-out or replace the player.
RULE 12: States of Play. The ball is in play when it is legally contacted for service.
The ball is out of play when:
• It does not cross the net completely between the antennas.
• It hits the floor, wall or a floor obstruction.
• It hits something 7 m (23’) or more above the playing area or anything in the non-
playing area including the antenna.
• It passes fully under the net or outside the antennas.
• A player commits a fault.
• A served ball hits the net or other object.
• A referee whistle sounds, even if inadvertent.
RULE 13: Playing Faults. Any playing action contrary to the rules is a playing fault.
The consequence of a fault is loss of rally. The opponent of the team committing the fault
wins the rally and is awarded a point.
If opponents simultaneously commit a fault, a double fault is called and the rally is
replayed. If opponents commit faults at nearly the same time, the 1st referee must determine
which one happened first and only penalize that one.
RULE 14: Playing the Ball. Each team is entitled to three hits (in addition to blocking) to return
the ball to their opponents.
A fault occurs when:
• The ball is held, thrown or pushed.

• A team contacts the ball more than three times consecutively. Except when the first contact is
the result of a block.
• A ball touches a player twice in succession or the ball touches the body twice in succession.
• Players are out of position at service.
• A ball is illegally served.
• An Illegal block occurs.
• A player enters a non-playing area to play the ball. Sports)
• A player touches the net or antenna.
• A player attacks the ball above the opponent court or steps in an opponent’s court
• A player reaches under the net and touches either the ball or the opponent.
• A ball lands outside a court or strikes an object.
• A ball is played by a player being supported by a teammate.
RULE 15: Ball at the Net. The ball must completely cross the net between the antennas and
their imaginary extension upward to the ceiling.
A ball may touch the net while crossing it except when serving. International rules do
allow serves to touch the net. A ball may be played out of the net within the realm of the three
hits allowed to return the ball to your opponent.
RULE 16: Player at the Net. It is a fault to touch any part of the net or antennas, except for
incidental contact by a player’s hair and insignificant contact by a player not involved in the
action of playing the ball.
No fault is committed if the ball is hit into the net with such force that the net strikes a
player. If both opponents hit the net at the same time, the first referee calls for a replay. Touching
the net supports accidentally is not a fault unless it interferes with play.
Touching the opponent’s playing area with any part of your body except your feet or
hands is a fault. Touching the opponent’s area with hands or feet is not a fault providing the
encroachment occurs on or above the centerline.
Attacking players may hit a ball back to a member of the attacking team even if it has
penetrated the vertical plane of the net providing the entire ball has not broken the vertical plane
of the net.
RULE 17: Service. The server stands behind the endline and hits the ball so that it flies over the
net, between the antennas, and into the opponent’s court. The server may not touch the endline or
step into the court prior to making contact with the ball.
The referee beckons for each serve and it must be taken within eight seconds.

The serve is surrendered to the opposing team when any of the following serving faults occur:
• The ball touches the net. Note: International rules allow a served ball to touch the net as it
crosses to the opponents court.
• The ball goes under the net.
• The ball touches an antenna.
•
The served ball does not stay within the imaginary lines created by the antennas.
• The ball touches a player before crossing the net. Sports)
• The ball lands outside the opponent’s court.
• The server is standing on or touches the end line.
In addition, if a player serves out of turn, the team loses service and any points won
during those services. The players must move back to correct positions.
The receiving team must not be screened from seeing the serve. All players must also be
in proper positions relative to one another when the ball is served. They may move to other
positions only after the server contacts the ball initiating a rally.
Jump serves are allowed providing the jump is taken while the server is in the proper
service area regardless of whether the server strikes the ball while over the court or not.
RULE 18: Attack Hit. All actions directing the ball to the opponents court except for a serve or
block. A front-row player can carry-out an attack hit at any height. A back-row player can’t
strike a ball in front of the attack line until the ball is at least partially below the top of the net.
Spiking above the net by a back-row player is allowed providing the player jumped from behind
the attack line regardless of where he/she lands.
RULE 19: Block. Blocking is the action that deflects the ball coming from the opponent by a
player close to the net reaching higher than the net.
RULE 20: Regular Game Interruptions: Each team is allowed two thirty second timeouts in
each game. They may be called back to back.
RULE 21: Delays to the Game: Any action of a team that delays the resumption of the game or
match is a team delay.
RULE 22: Exceptional Game Interruptions: Referees will stop play as soon as they notice an
injured player or an object on the court. A replay is called when the game is resumed.
RULE 23: Intervals and Changes of Court: The interval between games is three minutes.
During this time teams change courts and line-ups are submitted.
RULE 24: Misconduct: Individual sanctions may be assessed against a player or coach for a
variety of unsportsmanlike actions during or between games including: shouting at an opponent;

addressing officials about their decisions; trying to distract an opponent; or coaching in a
disruptive manner.
Yellow or Warning Card. This is given for minor unsporting offenses. A second yellow card to
an individual will result in an automatic red card.
Red or Penalty Card. This is given for serious offenses. If a team is serving and receives a red
card, they will lose the serve. When rally scoring their opponent also is awarded a point. If the
team receiving serve get a red card, their opponent will receive a point.
Expulsion. This is given for extremely offensive behavior. TheSports)
player is out for the rest of the
game. No additional penalty is given.
Disqualification. This is called when a player receives a second expulsion during a match or
when physical aggression is shown toward an official, another player, or a spectator. The player
is ordered from the playing area for the balance of the match. No other penalty is given.
RULE 25: Corps of Officials and Procedures: The corps of officials is comprised of a first
referee, second referee, scorekeeper, and two or four line judges.
RULE 26: First Referee: The first Referee is in full control of the match including settling all
questions of rules and those things not covered by rules.
The first Referee has the right to overrule all other officials. The first Referee also has the power
to impose sanctions on players.
The first Referee is positioned at one end of the net; with her/his head approximately 19” above
the net. After blowing a whistle to stop play, the first Referee uses hand signals to indicate who
won the point, the fault committed, or replay.
RULE 27: Second Referee: The second Referee is concerned with such matters as service order
of each team, keeping time, assisting in making calls, supervision of substitutions, signaling the
end of play, and replacing the first Referee, if necessary.
The second Referee is positioned on the floor at the opposite end of the net from the first referee.
RULE 28: Scorekeeper: The scorekeeper sits on the side of the court opposite the 1st Referee
and records all scores, makes sure the serving order and rotation are correct, keeps track of
substitutions and time outs, and keeps track of protests. The scorekeeper also indicates when a
team has scored an 8th point in a deciding game so that sides can be switched.
RULE 29: Line Judges: Line judges are positioned at the intersection of the sideline and end
line. One is to the right of the 1st referee and the other stands to the right of the 2nd referee. Line
judges signal balls in bounds, out of bounds, and foot faults. They also call balls touching,
passing over or outside the antenna, “pancake” saves or hits, and ball contact with players or
objects. Flags may be used at the discretion of the 1st referee.

RULE 30: CHALLENGE: There is now a challenge used in volleyball. Two consecutive
errors/fault in request of using a challenge per team will loose the teams power in using
challenge.
RULE 31: HAND SIGNALS. See the illustrations below made by the referees and line judge
during the volleyball game.
INDOOR HAND SIGNALS
Sports)

1. Move the hand to indicate the direction of 2. Extend the arm to the side of the team that

service will serve


4. Place the palm of one hand over the fingers
3. Raise the forearms front and back and twist of the other,

them around the body held vertically (forming a "T") and then indicate
the requesting team
Sports)

5. Circular motion of the forearms around each 6. Show a yellow card for warning. Show a red

other card for penalty


8. Show red and yellow cards separately for
7. Show both cards jointly for expulsion
disqualification

Sports)

9. Cross the forearms in front of the chest, 10. Life the extended arm, the palm of the hand

hands open facing upwards

11. Raise eight fingers, spread open 12. Raise both arms vertically, palms forward


Sports)

13. Make a circular motion with the forefinger 14. Point the arm and fingers toward the floor

15. Raise the forearms vertically, hands open, 16. Slowly lift the forearm, palm of the hand

palms toward the body facing upwards



Sports)

17. Raise two fingers, spread open 18. Raise four fingers, spread open

20. Place a hand above the net, palm facing

19. Indicate the respective side of the net
downwards


Sports)

21. Make a downward motion with the forearm, 22. Point to the center line or to the respective

hand open line

24. Brush with the palm of one hand the fingers

of the other, held
23. Raise both thumbs vertically vertically. USAV: Brush fingers of opposite
hand once over palm of
vertical hand


Sports)

25. Cover the wrist with a yellow card

26. Place hands together (palms facing each
(warning) and with a red
other) overhead
card (penalty)

Lines 1. Point down with flag Lines 2. Raise flag vertically


Sports)

Lines 4. Wave flag over the head and point to

Lines 3. Raise flag and touch the top with the
the antenna or the
palm of the free hand
respective line

Lines 5. Raise and cross both arms and hands in

front of the chest

BEACH HAND SIGNALS

Sports)

1. Move the hand to indicate the direction of 2. Extend the arm to the side of the team that

service will serve

4. Place the palm of one hand over the fingers

3. Raise the forearms front and back and twist of the other,

them around the body held vertically (forming a "T") and then indicate
the requesting team



Sports)

5. Show a yellow card for warning 6. Show a red card for penalty

8. Show red and yellow cards separately for

7. Show both cards jointly for expulsion
disqualification


Sports)

9. Cross the forearms in front of the chest, 10. Life the extended arm, the palm of the hand

hands open facing upwards

11. Raise five fingers, spread open 12. Raise both arms vertically, palms forward


Sports)

13. Make a circular motion with the forefinger 14. Point the arm and fingers toward the floor

15. Raise the forearms vertically, hands open, 16. Slowly lift the forearm, palm of the hand

palms toward the body facing upwards


Sports)

17. Raise two fingers, spread open 18. Raise four fingers, spread open

19. Indicate the relevant side of the net with the 20. Place a hand above the net, palm facing

corresponding hand downwards


Sports)

21. Make a downward motion with the forearm, 22. Point to the court under the net or to the

hand open respective line

24. Brush with the palm of one hand the fingers

23. Raise both thumbs vertically of the other, held
vertically


Sports)

25. Cover the wrist with a yellow card 26. USAV: Make a circular motion of the
(warning) or with a red card forearms with closed fists
(penalty) around each other. Subs will only be used in
Triples, Quads and 6 persons play

Lines 1. Point down with the flag Lines 2. Raise the flag vertically


Sports)

Lines 3. Raise the flag and touch the top with Lines 4. Wave flag over the head and point to
the palm of the the antenna or the
free hand respective line

SOURCES: https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Volleyball/SportKit/Players/Guide-to-volleyball-
basics/Official-Hand-Signals
2013 Guide to Volleyball Basics – by SGMA Volleyball Council & USA Volleyball 3 ver 5.1.04
Suggested Links:

VOLLEYBALL WEB SITES USA VOLLEYBALL – usavolleyball.org - Find information on
the USA National Teams, Youth and Junior High Performance and programming information,
regional office links, coaching and officiating tips, the FAQ list, beach, disabled, youth
volleyball and more. This is also where USA Volleyball’s Coaching Accreditation Program is
based, including their annual schedule of courses, and we urge you to take your current
experience and expand it through a USA CAP course.
FIVB (Federation International de Volleyball) – fivb.org - Ever expanding information on
what is happening in the 217 member National Federations around the world, in both indoor and
Sports)
the beach game. The site for the World Championships, World League, Grand Prix and World
Beach Volleyball Series. Updated information and press releases.
American Volleyball Coaches Association – avca.org - Home page for the AVCA, something
every volleyball group should have at least one member in. Please give serious consideration to
joining this association; it is one of the best resources you can find in sport, not just volleyball.
Volleyball Worldwide – volleyball.org - One of the first 1,000 web sites on Yahoo. It is the
grandfather of all places to get information and the links to other volleyball sites.
www.prepvolleyball.com - The best High School website around.
References/Attributions:
2020 SportsEngine, https://www.volleyhall.org/page/show/3821594-history-of-volleyball
https://www.athleticscholarships.net/history-of-volleyball.htm
https://www.volleyball.com/volleyball-101/learn-volleyball-terms/
http://www.wysc.org/Page.asp?n=3259
https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/safety-volleyball.html
https://welovevolleyball.co/benefits-playing-volleyball/
High School and College, Sports Performance Training, For Players, multi-vid. Dated:
December 20, 2016
SOURCE:https://www.theartofcoachingvolleyball.com/10-volleyball-specific-strength-exercises/
OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES 2017-2020/ FFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES 2017-2020
Approved by the 35th FIVB Congress 2016

https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Volleyball/SportKit/Players/Guide-to-volleyball-basics/Official-
Hand-Signals
Sports)


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City College of Calamba

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Lesson1. History of and Terminologies in Volleyball

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An indication of the growth of volleyball in the United States is given in an article

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Latest Volleyball News from the NCAA and NAIA.

Timeline of Significant Volleyball Events

In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.

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In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.

In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed,Sports)

In 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.

In 1934, national volleyball referees were approved and recognized.

In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded.

In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.

In 1949, the initial World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

In 1964, volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.

In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.

In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.

In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.

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In 1990, the World League was created.

In 1995, the sport of volleyball was 100 years old!

In 1996, two-person beach volleyball became an Olympic sport.

ACE– A serve that is not passable and results immediately in a point

ATTACK ERROR– An unsuccessful attack which does one of the following:

BACKCOURT– The area from the endline to the attack line

BACK SET– A set delivered behind the setter’s back, which is subsequently hit by an attacker

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BUMP– a common term for forearm passing

CROSS COURT SHOT– An individual attack directed at an angle from one end of the

DINK– A legal push of the ball around or over blockers

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DOUBLE HIT– Successive hits or contacts by the same player (Illegal)

DOUBLE QUICK– Two hitters approaching the setter for a quick inside hit.

FIVE SET– A back set to the right front hitter

FLARE– Inside-out path of an outside spiker who hid behind a quick hitter

FOUL– A violation of the rules

HITTER– Also “spiker” or “attacker”

HITTING PERCENTAGE– kills vs. attempts

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ISOLATION PLAY– Designed to isolate the attacker on a specific defender, normally to

KEY– To predict a team’s next play by observation of patterns or habits.

KILL– An attack that results in an immediate point or side out

LINE– The marks that serve as boundaries of a court

OUTSIDE HITTER – a left-front or right-front attacker normally taking an approach which

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POINT OF SERVICE– A serve that results in a point (an ace by NCAA standards) as

POWER VOLLEYBALL– A competitive style of volleyball started by the Japanese

QUICK – a player approaching the setter for a quick inside hit

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SIX-TWO – A 6-player offense using 2 setters opposite one another in the rotation. Setter 1

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