6A GRAMMAR  used to, be used to, get used to

 a Circle the correct form.

Inge I come from Germany. I 1 used to live / would live in the north, in Hamburg, but then
I moved to Madrid about five years ago. I love the weather in Spain – there are more
Madrid, Spain
sunny days and it’s a lot warmer. But I had to 2 be used to / get used to having lunch
quite late, at about 2.00 p.m., and dinner as late as 9.00 or 10.00 p.m. In Germany,
things 3 usually / use to happen exactly on time, but here things are much more
relaxed. I like that, too. The only thing I really miss is the bread! I 4 was used to
being able / was used to be able to choose from between 20 or 30 different kinds
of bread, but here it’s more like two or three. And sometimes I have problems with
noisy neighbours, especially at night. That never 5 used to be / was used to being a
problem in Hamburg. People there 6 usually go / are used to going to bed earlier.

 b Complete the blog with used to, be used to, get used to, or usually.

I 1 used to live in Sweden, but I married an Italian woman and now I live in
Parma, Italy. I’ve been here for six years now, so I 2  am used to the lifestyle.
Lennart
Parma, Italy
Life is more hectic here than in Sweden. Italian people socialize more than
Swedish people, and I really enjoy that. I had to 3  get used to eating lots of
pasta, particularly tortellini, which is Parma’s local speciality. In Sweden I
4  used to
eat pasta once or twice a month, and now I 5  usually have
it once or twice a week! I also had to 6  get used to the different mentality. For
example, people here are very family-orientated. This was new to me and hard to
understand at first. But now I 7  am used to having lunch every Sunday with my
in-laws! It was also quite hard for me to 8  get used to the dialect they speak in
Parma. I still sometimes have to ask people to repeat things. The only thing I can’t
9  get used to
is the coffee. I know espresso is supposed to be the best coffee in
the world, but it’s just too strong for me. In Sweden I 10  used to drink a lot
of coffee, but it was much weaker. Still, I do love the smell of espresso!

 c Complete the blog with a verb from the list in the correct form.

Neil and Shirley be eat get up live see

Queensland, Australia
We used to 1 live in England, but we’ve been living in Queensland, Australia, since
2010. We’re used to 2  being here now, but at first it was quite hard. We live
in the country, and when we first moved into the house, I just couldn’t get used to
3  seeing
snakes in the garden, but now it’s not a problem. We just leave them
alone. Although we speak the same language, there are still some things here that
are strange. People here usually 4  get up really early, at about 5.00 a.m.,
which we still haven’t got used to. Christmas doesn’t feel right either – I haven’t
got used to 5  eating roast turkey when the temperature is 40°C!

ACTIVATION
Complete the sentences with information about your life. Compare your answers with a partner.
1 I usually eat with my family on Sundays  .
2 I used to wear a uniform to go to school  .
3 I’m used to waking up at 8am  .
4 I’m not used to having lunch at 12  .
5 It’s difficult to get used to eating dinner early  .
6 I didn’t use to like chocolate  .
7 When I was younger, I would ride a bike anytime  .

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 6B GRAMMAR  gerunds and infinitives
  Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the infinitive (with or without to) or the
gerund (-ing).

1 I learnt to speak French when I was at school. (speak)

2 Do you fancy seeing a film tonight? (see)
3 Laura’s mother lets her go out when she wants. (go out)
4 I can’t afford to have a holiday this year. (have)
5 It’s getting late. We’d better not to stay much longer. (not stay)
6 I’m going to carry on working until 8.00 p.m. tonight. (work)
7 What are you planning to wear to the party? (wear)
8 Would you rather live in the country or in a town? (live)
9 I couldn’t help laughing when my brother fell off his bicycle. (laugh)
10
Did you manage to finish the report before the meeting? (finish)
The satnav died and we ended up going
11 completely the wrong way. (go)
12
If I tell you a secret, do you promise not to tell anybody? (not tell)
My boss made me work
13 late last night. (work)
At school, I was made to study
14 really hard. (study)
15
Would you like me to help you with the dinner? (help)
I don’t mind waiting
16  . I’m not in a hurry. (wait)
Sorry, you aren’t allowed to park
17 here. (park)
We need to practise
18 speaking before the oral exam. (speak)
I like getting up
19 early in the morning in the summer. (get up)
Monica might not come
20 tomorrow. She’s ill. (not come)
I love spending
21 time with my grandparents. (spend)
Will you be able to give
22 me a lift to work tomorrow? (give)

  Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the gerund or the infinitive with to.

23
You forgot to buy the milk. (buy)
24
Could you try not to be late tomorrow? (not be)
25
The sheets on this bed are dirty. They need changing  . (change)
26
Don’t you remember meeting his wife at the Christmas party? (meet)
27
I’ll never forget arriving in New York for the first time. (arrive)
28
I think you need to revise the irregular verbs. (revise)
29
Did you remember to tell James about the meeting tomorrow? (tell)
30
If the computer doesn’t work, try turning it off and on again. (turn)

25–30 Excellent. You can use gerunds and infinitives very well.
16–24 
Quite good. But check the rules in the Grammar Bank (Student’s Book p.143)
for any questions that you got wrong.
0–15 
This is difficult for you. Read the rules in the Grammar Bank again (Student’s Book p.143).
Then ask your teacher for another photocopy and do the exercise again at home.

ACTIVATION
Write sentences that are true for you, using the prompts. Compare your ideas with a partner. Ask him /
her for more details.
• something you learnt to do when you were • a place you remember visiting I remember visiting Salta
I enjoy spending time with my family
a child I learnt to ride a bick when I were a child. • a person you enjoy spending time with
I often forget to close the door
• something your parents didn’t let you do • something you often forget to do
when you were younger • something that you try not to do
My parents didn't let me go out/sleep in other place when I were younger I try not to forget important dates
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 7A GRAMMAR  past modals
 a Read the conversations and the sentences in brackets. Then complete the conversations with might
(not) have, must have, or can’t have + past participle.

1 A Why is there so much traffic today?

B I don’t know. There might have been an accident. (maybe
there was)
2 A Can you move your leg?
B No, it hurts too much. I think I might have broken it. (perhaps I
have broken it)
3 A Look! The gate’s open and the dog has gone.
B Oh no! We must have left it open when we went out. (I’m
sure we left it open)
4 A Oh no, the cake’s burning!
B You must have put the oven on too high. (you definitely put
the oven on)
5 A I can’t find the milk. We can't have drunk it all. (I’m sure we
didn’t drink it)
B Yes, you’re right. It must be in there somewhere.
6 A Where’s Jeremy? He should be here.
B He might not have seen the email about the meeting. (perhaps he
didn’t see)
7 A Ellen passed all her exams with top marks!
B Wow! She must have worked really hard. (I’m sure she worked)
8 A I’ve done my homework, Mum. I’m going out.
B What? You can't have finished all of it. Let me see it. (it’s
impossible you’ve finished)
9 A We didn’t see Dan and Sarah at the concert.
might not have been able to get
B They tickets. I think the concert was sold out.
(perhaps they weren’t able to get)
10
A I called you earlier, but I got your voicemail.
must have switched off
B Sorry. I my phone by mistake. (I’m sure I
switched off)

 b Complete the sentences with should / shouldn’t have and the past participle of a verb from the list.

break up buy come keep take tell use wait
rotonda
1 We’re lost. I knew we should have taken the second exit at the roundabout!
2 This tastes too spicy. You shouldn't have used so much chilli.
3 You shouldn't have broken up with James. He was perfect for you.
4 The concert was amazing. You should have come with us.
5 Jim’s already gone? I don’t believe it – he should have waited for us.
6 I’m afraid we can’t exchange the jacket now. You shouldn't have kept the receipt.
7 You should have told us that you were in hospital. We would have visited you.
8 I shouldn't have bought these jeans. They really don’t suit me.

ACTIVATION
Write four conversations of two lines using must have, might have, can’t have, and should(n’t) have.
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 7B GRAMMAR  verbs of the senses
  Complete the conversations with the phrases in each list. Sometimes two forms are possible.

1 smells  smells like  smells as if

Customer I’m looking for a perfume for my wife that 1 smells nice and fresh.
Assistant What about this one? It 2 smells very flowery.
Customer No, I don’t like it. It 3 smells as if it’s for an older woman.
Assistant Try this one then – it’s called ‘Paris’.
Customer That’s very nice. It 4 smells like roses.

2 feels  feels like  feels as if

Assistant It’s very good quality and it 5 feels very smooth.

Touch it and see.
Tourist Hmm, yes. It 6 feels like silk. Is it silk?
7 feels as if
Assistant No, it’s cotton, but it it’s made of silk.
Tourist The material 8 feels very soft. I like it.

3 tastes  tastes like  tastes as if

Woman 1 Try a piece of this. It 9 tastes delicious.

Woman 2 Mmm. This one 10 tastes like the cakes my grandma used to make.
Woman 1 It’s very nice. It 11 tastes as if there’s a little bit of orange in there.
Woman 2 That’s right! And it 12 tastes much better than the ones you
get in the shops.

4 look  look like  look as if

Woman You shouldn’t have said you wanted to come if you didn’t.
Man Why do you say that?
Woman You 13 look as if you are totally bored.
Man I did want to come. It’s just that they all 14 look fine to me.
Woman Even the ones that make me 15 look as if I’m 60 years old?
Man OK, those ones do 16 look a bit old-fashioned.
17 look like
Woman And these ones that something a 13-year-old
would wear?
look
Man They 18 OK to me.
Woman Oh, you’re so helpful.

5 sound(s)  sound(s) like  sound(s) as if

Engineer Wait! You’re coming in too soon. It 19 sounds wrong.

Guitarist It 20 sounds fine to me.
Engineer No, it 21 sounds as if you’re rushing in.
Guitarist Well, how should it sound?
Engineer It should 22 sound like an early 80s rock band, remember?

ACTIVATION
Practise the conversations with a partner. Then cover the conversations and try to act one of them out
from memory.
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 8A GRAMMAR the passive (all forms); have something done;
it is said that…, he is thought to…, etc.
 a Complete the newspaper report with the verbs in brackets in the passive. Add any other necessary
words, e.g. to or that.

Investigation after seaside incident

Police have begun an enquiry after a fight broke out from the Brighton area, and are aged between 21 and 32,
between several people in Lindhurst Road, Poole. have been arrested. The police are asking anyone who
witnessed the incident to contact them urgently.
The fight 1 is believed to (believe) have started in the
All information will be treated confidentially.
early hours of Friday morning at an address near the corner
of Lindhurst Road. It 2  (think) the fight
started after a car was damaged by one of the men.

At least one of the men involved 3  (say)

have been armed. Three men remain in hospital and are
being treated for injuries, which 4 
(understand) be the result of the fight. It 5 
(expect) one man will be released from hospital later
today. Five men, who 6  (think) be

 b Complete the sentences with the correct form of have, the past participle, and the words in brackets.

1 She had her wedding dress made by a famous designer. It cost a fortune! (wedding dress / make)

2 I thought this was a safe city. I didn’t expect  . (my wallet / steal)

3 I at the dentist tomorrow. I’m terrified! (a tooth / fill)

4 Have you ever  ? (your heart / break)

5 You should if you can’t see the board clearly. (your eyes / test)

6 How often  ? (your car / service)

7 Our neighbours at the moment. (a swimming pool / build)

8 I really need to go to the hairdresser’s. I for ages. (my hair / cut)

9 I don’t mind  , but I hate being videoed. (my photo / take)

10
Unfortunately, we last night. (our house / burgle)

11
My grandfather every Friday. (his shopping / deliver)

12
It’s the second time this year that we  . (our car / break into)

ACTIVATION
Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions. If your partner says yes, ask for more information.
Have you ever had your…?
• portrait painted
• hair cut by a friend
• fortune told
• photo taken by a professional photographer
• house or car broken into
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 8B GRAMMAR  reporting verbs
 a Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1 A Remind me to book a taxi to the airport. (book)

B We don’t need one; Andy’s offered to give us a lift. (give)
2 A Hi, Tom. I’m surprised to see you here. I didn’t think you liked opera.
B I don’t, but Delia persuaded me to come tonight. (come)
3 A Have the police found the men that robbed the supermarket?
B Apparently, they’ve arrested one man, but he denies having anything to do with it. (have)
4 A I’ve always regretted not going to university. (not go)
B Well it’s never too late. Why don’t you apply?
5 A Have the kids been fighting again? Oliver’s really upset, but he refuses to tell me why. (tell)
B Oh, Harry accused Oliver of breaking one of his toys, and now they aren’t speaking to each other.
(break)
6 A Where are you going on holiday this year?
B We haven’t decided yet. Molly suggested going camping in Scotland, but I’m not very keen.
I’d rather go somewhere warmer. (go)
7 A Someone broke into the car and stole my laptop while I was in the supermarket.
B I warned you not to leave it in the car. Have you reported it to the police? (not leave)
8 A There’s a funny smell in the kitchen.
B That’s because your dad insisted on making curry for dinner and he burnt it. (make)

 b Complete the sentences using the reporting verb in brackets and a verb from the list.

come  cook eat forget keep lose tidy try

1 Adam offered to cook dinner for everyone. (offer)

2 Pablo promised to tidy his room at the weekend. (promise)
3 Roger apologized for forgetting my birthday. (apologize)
4 Bill advised me to keep all my money in the bank. (advise)
5 Sofia suggested trying the new pizza place. (suggest)
6 Ruby admitted eating all the chocolates. (admit)
7 Mike invited me to come to the theatre with him. (invite)
8 Jamie blamed me for losing the tickets, but I think he had them. (blame)

ACTIVATION
Think of a time when you…
• received some good advice.
• apologized to someone for something. My mother advised me to take a new course.
My sister apologized to me for wearing my jeans.
• offered to help someone. I offered to help my father.
• advised somebody to do (or not to do) something. I advised my brother to learn how to cook spaghetti.
My brother blamed me for losing the movie tickets.
• were blamed for something you didn’t do. I regretted not paying attention to my teacher.
• regretted something you did / didn’t do.
Make sentences using reported speech. Then compare your sentences with your partner.
My sister advised me to do a course to improve my computer skills.
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 9A GRAMMAR  clauses of contrast and purpose
 a Match 1–10 with a–j to make complete sentences.

1 They went to London for… g a be late.

peligroso
2 She flew to São Paulo to… j b the rough sea.

3 Although Josh played really well, … h c the fact that it was raining.

4 We downloaded a travel app so that… i d avoid the traffic.

5 Despite losing the first set, … f e I still went to work.

6 Even though I wasn’t feeling very well, … e f she won the match.

7 I took a taxi so as not to… a g a weekend break.

8 He went for a walk in spite of… c h he lost in the end.

9 We left early in order to… d i we would know the best things to see.

The men went out fishing in spite of…

10 b j visit her brother.

 b Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets so that both sentences mean the same.

1 In spite of the cold weather, the barbecue was a success. (although)

Although the weather was cold, the barbecue was a success.

2 A lot of companies have reduced staff numbers so that they can save money. (in order to)
A lot of companies have reduced staff numbers in order to save money.  .

3 Even though the flight was long, she felt great when she arrived in New York. (despite)
Despite the fact that the flight was long, she felt great when she arrived in New York.  .

4 Nick didn’t tell Louisa the truth because he didn’t want to hurt her feelings. (so as)
Nick didn't tell Louisa the truth so as not to hurt her feelings.  .

5 I bought the shoes in spite of the fact that they were ridiculously expensive. (even though)
I bought the shoes, even though they were ridiculously expensive.  .

6 The company has a big market share even though they do very little advertising. (in spite of)
The company has a big market share in spite of the fact that they do very little adversting.  .

7 They had to leave the hotel early. If they hadn’t, they would have missed their train. (so that)
They had to leave the hotel early so that they wouldn't miss their train.  .

8 She didn’t get the job in spite of being a strong candidate. (though)
She didn't get the job, though she was a strong candidate.  .

ACTIVATION
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Then compare with a partner.
1 Sara is learning English in order to pass the exam.  .
2 My husband isn’t making very good progress in English, even though he studies a lot  .
3 Nicola watches films in English to understand the language  .
4 Jan passed his English exam despite her nerves  .
5 Our English teacher took us to London for the weekend so that we could learn their culture  .
Write two true sentences about yourself and learning English. Use expressions of contrast and purpose.
Then compare your ideas with a partner. I am studying Enlish to learn more about it.
Although I am not studying much, I am trying to make an effort.
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 9B GRAMMAR  uncountable and plural nouns
  Circle the correct option.

1 2

Hurry up, kids! You don’t have 1 a time / time

to watch videos! Daniel, your trousers 2 look /
looks dirty. Go and put on a clean pair. Bertha,
don’t forget athletics 3 is / are after school today. I’m sorry, but your hand luggage 6 is / are too
adjective noun
Have you remembered your 4 short / shorts and heavy, Madam. You’ll need to put 7 a belonging /
a T-shirt? OK, good. And have you both had some belongings into your suitcase. Oh, right.
breakfast? No, Bertha? Well, you’ll have to have There 8 isn’t / aren’t any space in your suitcase?
5 
a / a piece of toast because there isn’t any Well then, I’m afraid we’ll have to charge you
cereal. And hurry up! extra.

3 4 5

Now then, Brian. I’ve talked I know what you’re going to Be careful you don't scratch
15 
to you before about your say, doctor. You’re going to a / the furniture with
9 
behaviour / behaviours give me some 12 advices / 16 
that / those scissors,
with customers. I know they advice about reducing stress, Bertha! And have you
grosero
can sometimes be rude, but and give me 13 a / some finished your 17 homework /
we expect our 10 staff / staffs medicine to help me sleep at homeworks? Good, then
to be polite at all times. Do night. But I read 14 an / some come and help me take out
you understand? Good. Then information on a website the 18 rubbish / rubbishes.
I hope to see 11 a / some which said that sleeping
progress from you very soon. tablets aren’t good for you.

ACTIVATION
Choose four nouns from the list and write a sentence using each one. Compare your sentences with
a partner.
accommodation equipment manners news police politics research team

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 10A GRAMMAR quantifiers: all, every, both, etc.
 a Circle the correct form.

1 A We don’t do any / no experiments in our chemistry class.

B Don’t you? We do something practical in every / all class.

2 A Did you do all research / all of the research yourself?

B Yes, I did all / all of it myself.

3 A How often do you use the library?

B Hardly ever. I can find everything / all on the internet.

4 A When can I see you to discuss my science project?

B I’ll be in my office all day / every day today. Come any / all time.

5 A How did your students do in the biology exam?

B Not too badly. They passed all. / They all passed.

6 A How did the trip to the science museum go?

B It was fine. Most / Most of the students enjoyed it.

7 A What subject do you like best – physics or chemistry?

B I don’t like either of them / both of them. They’re either / both boring!

8 A Neither my mother or / nor father went to university.

B Really? Both / Either my parents studied law, but either of them / neither of them work as lawyers.

 b Complete the column on the right with

quantifiers from the list.

all all all anyone both every every 
most most of neither no none of

quantifiers
1 Not birds can fly. all

2 kiwis nor penguins can fly. Neither

3 country in South America, except Bolivia and Paraguay, has a coastline. Every

4 cars nowadays are fitted with seatbelts at the front and the back. All

5 the students in my class, about 80%, live very near the school. Most of

6 There are wild tigers in Africa. However, some can still be found in parts of Asia. no

7 In Ireland, who is aged 18 or over can vote in an election. anyone

8 Canadians speak English as their first language (77%), but some speak French. Most

9 Nocturnal animals are animals that sleep day and hunt for food at night. all

10
Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray invented the telephone at the same time. both

11
Trains in France run day of the year, including Christmas Day. every

12
the people who survived the sinking of the Titanic are still alive today. The last
survivor, Millvina Dean, died in 2009. None of

ACTIVATION
Cover the quantifiers column in b. Work with a partner and take turns to say the sentences using the
correct quantifier.
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 10B GRAMMAR articles
  Complete the sentences with a, an, the, or – (no article).

A 1 The Kremlin is probably 2  the most famous building in 3  -----

Moscow.
B James had 4  an accident while he was skiing in Austria and now
5  -----
he’s in hospital.
C 6  The first state in 7  the USA where 8  ----- women could vote
was Wyoming.
D 9  The population of 10  ----- South Africa is approximately 52
million.
E I took a year off before I went to 11  ----- university. First, I worked
as 12  an au-pair in Italy for six months.
F The River Ebro in Spain flows into 14  the Mediterranean Sea.
13 

G We couldn’t visit 15  the village church yesterday because there

was 16  a wedding taking place.
H 17  The quickest way to get from London to Oxford by 18  ----- car
is to take 19  the M40 motorway.
I 20  ----- Lake Superior, in 21  ----- Canada, is 22  the biggest lake
23  the
in world.
J I’m not usually frightened of 24  ----- spiders, but 25  the spiders
in 26  the zoo were enormous!
K The man was sent to 27  ----- prison for eight years for robbing
28  a
bank in Zürich.
L I love eating at 29  ----- Mario’s. I think it’s the best pizza restaurant
in the city.
M Whenever I’m in London, I take 30  the bus to 31  the Science
Museum and spend the morning looking around.
N We spent our honeymoon in Morocco and camped in 32  the
Sahara desert for two nights.
O My sister doesn’t normally like 33  ----- heights, but she managed
to get to the top of 34  the Eiffel Tower.
P 35  ----- Mont Blanc is 36  the highest mountain in 37  the Alps.

28–37 Excellent. You can use articles very well.

10–27 
Good. But check the rules in the Grammar Bank (Student’s Book p.151)
for any questions that you got wrong.
0–9 
This is difficult for you. Read the rules in the Grammar Bank (Student’s Book p.151).
Then ask your teacher for another photocopy and do the exercise again at home.

ACTIVATION
Write two paragraphs about your country and city or town. Include the following information:
Your country: Your city or town:
• Where is it? • Where is it?
• What are the most important geographical • What are the most important buildings, tourist
features, e.g. mountains, lakes, rivers, etc.?
My country is Argentina.
sites, shops, etc.?
It is the largest Spanish-speaking nation in the world by area.
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