INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 10816-3

Second edition
2009-02-01

Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of

machine vibration by measurements on
non-rotating parts —
Part 3:
Industrial machines with nominal power
above 15 kW and nominal speeds
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between 120PREVIEW
r/min and 15 000 r/min when
measured in situ
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Vibrations mécaniques — Évaluation des vibrations des machines par
ISO 10816-3:2009
mesurages sur les parties non tournantes —
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Partie 3: Machines industrielles de puissance nominale supérieure à
15 kW et de vitesse nominale de fonctionnement entre 120 r/min et
15 000 r/min, lorsqu'elles sont mesurées in situ

Reference number
ISO 10816-3:2009(E)

© ISO 2009
ISO 10816-3:2009(E)

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 ISO 10816-3:2009(E)

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references............................................................................................................................2
3 Measurement procedures and operational conditions .....................................................................2
4 Machine classification ..........................................................................................................................5
5 Evaluation...............................................................................................................................................6
Annex A (normative) Evaluation zone boundaries........................................................................................10
Bibliography......................................................................................................................................................12

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ISO 10816-3:2009(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 10816-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition
monitoring, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied
to machines, vehicles and structures.
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This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10816-3:1998). The main change is the
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deletion of pumps from the scope, which now are dealt with in ISO 10816-7.

ISO 10816 consists of the following parts, underISO the10816-3:2009

general title Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of
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machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts:
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⎯ Part 1: General guidelines

⎯ Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW with normal operating speeds of
1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min and 3 600 r/min

⎯ Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and
15 000 r/min when measured in situ

⎯ Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings

⎯ Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants

⎯ Part 6: Reciprocating machines with power ratings above 100 kW

⎯ Part 7: Rotodynamic pumps for industrial applications, including measurements on rotating shafts

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 ISO 10816-3:2009(E)

Introduction
ISO 10816-1 is the basic document describing the general requirements for evaluating the vibration of various
machine types when the vibration measurements are made on non-rotating parts. This part of ISO 10816
provides specific guidance for assessing the severity of vibration measured on bearings, bearing pedestals, or
housings of industrial machines when measurements are made in situ.

Two criteria are provided for assessing the machine vibration. One criterion considers the magnitude of the
observed vibration; the second considers the changes in the magnitude. It must be recognized, however, that
these criteria do not form the only basis for judging the severity of vibration. For some machine types, it is also
common to judge the vibration based on measurements taken on the rotating shafts. Shaft vibration
measurement requirements and criteria are addressed in separate documents, namely ISO 7919-1[1] and
ISO 7919-3[2].

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10816-3:2009(E)

Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by

measurements on non-rotating parts —
Part 3:
Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and
nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when
measured in situ

1 Scope
This part of ISO 10816 gives criteria for assessing vibration levels when measurements are made in situ. The
criteria specified apply to machine sets having a power above 15 kW and operating speeds between 120 r/min
and 15 000 r/min.

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The machine sets covered by this part of ISO 10816 include:

⎯ steam turbines with power up (standards.iteh.ai)

to 50 MW;

⎯ steam turbine sets with power greaterISO than 50 MW and speeds below 1 500 r/min or above 3 600 r/min
10816-3:2009
(not included in ISO 10816-2);
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⎯ rotary compressors;

⎯ industrial gas turbines with power up to 3 MW;

⎯ generators;

⎯ electrical motors of any type;

⎯ blowers or fans.

NOTE However, the vibration criteria presented in this part of ISO 10816 are generally only applicable to fans
with power ratings greater than 300 kW or fans which are not flexibly supported. As and when circumstances permit,
recommendations for other types of fans, including those with lightweight sheet metal construction, will be prepared.
Until such time, classifications can be agreed between the manufacturer and the customer, using results of previous
operational experience, see also ISO 14694[4].

The following are excluded from this part of ISO 10816:

⎯ land-based steam turbine generator sets with power greater than 50 MW and speeds of 1 500 r/min,
1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min or 3 600 r/min (see ISO 10816-2);

⎯ gas turbine sets with power greater than 3 MW (see ISO 10816-4);

⎯ machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants (see ISO 10816-5);

⎯ machines coupled to reciprocating machines (see ISO 10816-6);

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ISO 10816-3:2009(E)

⎯ rotodynamic pumps including integrated electric motors, i.e. where the impeller is mounted directly on the
motor shaft or is rigidly attached to it (see ISO 10816-7);

⎯ rotary positive displacement compressors (e. g. screw compressors);

⎯ reciprocating compressors;

⎯ reciprocating pumps;

⎯ submerged motor-pumps;

⎯ wind turbines.

The criteria of this part of ISO 10816 apply to in situ broad-band vibration measurements taken on the
bearings, bearing pedestals, or housing of machines under steady-state operating conditions within the
nominal operating speed range. They relate to both acceptance testing and operational monitoring. The
evaluation criteria of this part of ISO 10816 are designed to apply to both continuous and non-continuous
monitoring situations.

This part of ISO 10816 encompasses machines which may have gears or rolling element bearings, but does
not address the diagnostic evaluation of the condition of those gears or bearings.

The criteria are applicable only for the vibration produced by the machine set itself and not for vibration which
is transmitted to the machine set from external sources.

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2 Normative references (standards.iteh.ai)
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated ISO 10816-3:2009
references, the latest edition of the referenced
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document (including any amendments) applies.
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ISO 496, Driving and driven machines — Shaft heights

ISO 2954, Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating machinery — Requirements for instruments for
measuring vibration severity

ISO 10816-1, Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating

parts — Part 1: General guidelines

3 Measurement procedures and operational conditions

3.1 General

The general measurement procedures are in accordance with ISO 10816-1, subject to the recommendations
specified below.

3.2 Measurement equipment

The measurement equipment shall be capable of measuring broad-band root-mean-square (r.m.s.) vibration
with flat response over a frequency range of at least 10 Hz to 1 000 Hz in accordance with the requirements of
ISO 2954. Depending on the vibration criteria, this may require measurements of displacement or velocity or
combinations of these (see ISO 10816-1). However, for machines with speeds approaching or below
600 r/min, the lower limit of the flat response frequency range shall not be greater than 2 Hz.

NOTE If the measurement equipment is also to be used for diagnostic purposes, an upper frequency limit higher than
1 000 Hz may be necessary.

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Care should be taken to ensure that the measuring system is not influenced by environmental factors such as:

⎯ temperature variations;

⎯ magnetic fields;

⎯ sound fields;

⎯ power source variations;

⎯ transducer cable length;

⎯ transducer orientation.

Particular attention should be given to ensure that the vibration transducers are correctly mounted and that
such mountings do not degrade the accuracy of the measurements.

3.3 Measurement locations

Measurements will usually be taken on exposed parts of the machine that are normally accessible. Care shall
be taken to ensure that measurements reasonably represent the vibration of the bearing housing and do not
include any local resonances or amplification. The locations and directions of vibration measurements shall be
such that they provide adequate sensitivity to the machine dynamic forces. Typically, this will require two
orthogonal radial measurement locations on each bearing cap or pedestal, as shown in Figure 1 (for
horizontally mounted machines) and Figure 2 (for vertically mounted machines).
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NOTE Figure 2, which is taken from IEC 60034-14:2003 [5], shows a motor mounted vertically on a solid steel plate or
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flange (e.g. of a driven machine) with a bore hole in the centre of the shaft extension. The main purpose of this figure is to
identify the measuring points for a vertical machine.
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be placed at any angular position on the bearing housings or pedestals. Vertical and
horizontal directions are usually preferred for horizontally mounted machines. For vertical or inclined machines,
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the location that gives the maximum vibration reading, usually in the direction of the elastic axis, shall be one
of those used. In some cases it may be recommended to measure also in the axial direction (see 5.2.4). The
specific locations and directions shall be recorded with the measurement.

A single transducer may be used on a bearing cap or pedestal in place of the more typical pair of orthogonal
transducers if it is known to provide adequate information on the magnitude of the machine vibration. However,
caution should be observed when evaluating vibration from a single transducer at a measurement plane since
it may not be oriented to provide a reasonable approximation to the maximum value at that plane.

3.4 Continuous and non-continuous monitoring

It is common practice on large or critical machinery to have installed instrumentation for continuous on-line
monitoring of vibration values at key measurement points. For many machines, mainly those of small size or
power, continuous monitoring of the vibration parameters is not necessarily carried out. Changes in unbalance,
bearing performance, alignment, etc. can be detected with sufficient reliability from periodic measurements
with permanently installed or hand-held instruments. The use of computers for trend analysis and warning
against malfunctions is also becoming more common.

3.5 Operational conditions

Measurements shall be carried out when the rotor and the main bearings have reached their normal steady-
state operating temperatures and with the machine running under specified conditions, for example at rated
speed, voltage, flow, pressure and load.

On machines with varying speeds or loads, measurements shall be made at all conditions at which the
machine would be expected to operate for prolonged periods. The maximum measured value under these
conditions shall be considered representative of vibration severity.

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If the measured vibration is greater than the acceptance criteria allowed and excessive background vibration
is suspected, measurements should be made with the machine shut down to determine the degree of external
influence. If the vibration with the machine stationary exceeds 25 % of the value measured when the machine
is running, corrective action may be necessary to reduce the effect of background vibration.

NOTE In some cases the effect of background vibration may be nullified by spectrum analysis or by eliminating the
offending external source.

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NOTE Measurements to be made at the bearing housing or, if not accessible, then at positions as close as possible
to the bearing housings which provide adequate sensitivity to the machine dynamic forces.

Figure 1 — Measuring points for a horizontally mounted machine

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NOTE Measurements to be made at the bearing housing or, if not accessible, then at positions as close as possible
to the bearing housings which provide adequate sensitivity to the machine dynamic forces.

Figure 2 — Measuring points for a vertically mounted machine

4 Machine classification iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

4.1 General
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In this part of ISO 10816, the vibration severity is classified according to the following parameters:
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⎯ rated power or shaft height;

⎯ support system flexibility.

4.2 Classification according to machine type, rated power or shaft height

Significant differences in design, type or bearings and support structures require a separation into two
different machine groups (the shaft height, H, is in accordance with ISO 496). Machines of these two groups
may have horizontal, vertical or inclined shafts and can be mounted on rigid or flexible supports.

Group 1: Large machines with rated power above 300 kW; electrical machines with shaft height H W 315 mm.

These machines normally have sleeve bearings. The range of operating or nominal speeds is relatively broad
and ranges from 120 r/min to 15 000 r/min.

Group 2: Medium-sized machines with a rated power above 15 kW up to and including 300 kW; electrical
machines with shaft height 160 mm u H < 315 mm.

These machines normally have rolling element bearings and operating speeds above 600 r/min.

NOTE 1 The shaft height, H, of a machine is defined in accordance with ISO 496 as the distance, measured on the
machine ready for delivery, between the centreline of the shaft and the base plane of the machine itself (see Figure 1).

NOTE 2 The shaft height of a machine without feet, or a machine with raised feet, or any vertical machine, is to be
taken as the shaft height of a machine in the same basic frame, but of the horizontal shaft foot-mounting type. When the
frame is unknown, half of the machine diameter should be used.

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