Sandstorm Enterprises

Sandtrap 1.5
User Manual

Sandstorm Enterprises, Inc.

PO Box 381548
Cambridge, MA 02238-1548
http://www.sandstorm.net
[email protected]
[email protected]

Tel: 617-426-5056
Fax: 617-357-6042

July 29, 2002

[This Page Intentionally Blank]

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Table of Contents
Legal Notices............................................................................................................................................. 5
End User License Agreement ................................................................................................................ 5
1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 7
1.1 Why Worry About Unauthorized Telephone Scans? ................................................................. 7
1.2 Sandtrap: A Telephone Threat Assessment Tool ....................................................................... 7
1.3 New Features for Sandtrap 1.5 ................................................................................................... 8
2 Installation and Setup........................................................................................................................ 9
2.1 System Requirements ................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.1 Monitoring Computer ........................................................................................................... 9
2.1.2 Operating System ................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.3 Modem and multi-port serial I/O hardware recommendations............................................. 9
2.1.4 Modem Phone Line(s) ........................................................................................................ 10
2.1.5 Security............................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Preparing to install and run Sandtrap........................................................................................ 11
2.3 Installing Sandtrap.................................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Hardware License Protection.................................................................................................... 12
2.4.1 Laptop models known to have problems with the dongle .................................................. 12
2.4.2 Software known to interfere with dongles on the parallel port........................................... 13
2.4.3 Instructions for installing the optional USB dongle ........................................................... 13
2.5 Uninstalling Sandtrap ............................................................................................................... 14
2.6 Reinstalling Sandtrap................................................................................................................ 14
3 Running Sandtrap ........................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 The Sandtrap User Interface ..................................................................................................... 15
3.1.1 Sandtrap’s Icon in the Windows Taskbar........................................................................... 16
3.1.2 Sandtrap’s File Menu.......................................................................................................... 16
3.1.3 Sandtrap’s View Menu ....................................................................................................... 16
3.1.4 Sandtrap’s Tools Menu....................................................................................................... 17
3.1.5 Sandtrap’s Help Menu........................................................................................................ 17
3.2 Setting Up Sandtrap.................................................................................................................. 18
3.2.1 Modems Tab....................................................................................................................... 18
3.2.2 Alerts Tab ........................................................................................................................... 20
3.2.3 Alerts Tab: SMTP Settings................................................................................................. 21
3.2.4 Alerts Tab: HTTP Settings ................................................................................................. 21
3.2.5 Emulation Tab .................................................................................................................... 22
3.2.6 Trap Tab ............................................................................................................................. 24
3.2.7 Logging Tab ....................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.8 Sandtrap.ini file .................................................................................................................. 27
3.3 Before You Start....................................................................................................................... 27
3.4 During the Monitoring Process................................................................................................. 27
3.4.1 Why might a modem become disabled?............................................................................. 28
Appendix A: Glossary............................................................................................................................ 29

Appendix B: Sandtrap FAQ.................................................................................................................. 31

Using Sandtrap..................................................................................................................................... 31

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Appendix C: Sandtrap Troubleshooting Guide................................................................................... 32
Information To Collect Before Troubleshooting ................................................................................. 32
Things To Check If You’re Having Trouble ....................................................................................... 32
Common Problems and Possible Solutions ......................................................................................... 34
Sandtrap Error Messages ..................................................................................................................... 36
Error messages on install................................................................................................................. 36
Error messages for individual modems ........................................................................................... 36
I’ve Tried Everything and Sandtrap Still Doesn’t Work! .................................................................... 37
Appendix D: Important Web Sites and Phone Numbers.................................................................... 38
ScreenSaver Vendor ........................................................................................................................ 38
Appendix E: Contacting Sandstorm..................................................................................................... 39
About Technical Support for Sandtrap ................................................................................................ 39
Submitting Bug Reports....................................................................................................................... 39
Before You Contact Sandstorm Technical Support ............................................................................. 39
Contacting Sandstorm Technical Support............................................................................................ 40
Contacting Sandstorm Sales ................................................................................................................ 40

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Legal Notices
Sandtrap may only be used by authorized licensees, who agreed upon installation to all of the terms and
conditions of the end user license below:

End User License Agreement

Sandstorm Enterprises Inc. ("Sandstorm") and/or its suppliers own these programs and their
documentation, which are protected under applicable copyright laws. Your right to use the programs and
the documentation is limited to the terms and conditions described below.
1. License:
YOU MAY: (a) use the enclosed programs on a single computer; (b) physically transfer the programs
from one computer to another provided that the programs are used on only one computer at a time, and
that you remove any copies of the programs from the computer from which the programs are being
transferred; (c) make a copy of the programs solely for purposes of backup. The copyright notice must be
reproduced and included on a label on any backup copy.
Sandstorm reserves all other rights, including, but not limited to, the following:
YOU MAY NOT: (a) distribute copies of these programs or their documentation to others; (b) rent, lease
or grant your rights to others; (c) alter the programs or their documentation without the prior written
consent of Sandstorm; (d) disassemble or reverse engineer the programs; or (e) ship or transmit (directly
or indirectly) any copies of the programs or its media, or any direct product thereof, to any country or
destination prohibited by the United States Government.
2. Term:
Your License remains effective until terminated. You may terminate it at any time by destroying the
distribution media together with all copies of the programs in any form, and returning the hardware
license management device ("dongle") to Sandstorm or destroying it if returning it is not possible. Your
License will also automatically terminate without notice if you fail to comply with any term or condition
of this Agreement. Upon termination you must destroy all copies of the programs in any form.
3. Limited Warranty, Disclaimer and Limitation of Liability:
Sandstorm and Vendor warrant the media on which the Licensed Programs are provided to be free from
defects in materials and workmanship for 90 days after delivery. Defective media may be returned for
replacement without charge during the 90-day warranty period unless the media has been damaged by
accident or misuse. Due to the complex nature of computer software, Sandstorm does not warrant that the
Licensed Programs are completely error-free, will operate without interruption, or are compatible with all
equipment and software configurations. DO NOT USE THE LICENSED PROGRAMS IN ANY CASE
WHERE SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE OR INJURY TO PERSON, PROPERTY OR BUSINESS MAY
HAPPEN IF ANY ERROR OCCURS. YOU EXPRESSLY ASSUME ALL RISK FOR SUCH USE,
AND FOR ANY VIOLATION OF STATE OR FEDERAL LAW THAT MAY RESULT.
Repair, replacement or refund (at the option of Sandstorm) is the exclusive remedy if there is a defect.
SANDSTORM MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE
LICENSED PROGRAMS, THEIR MERCHANTABILITY, OR THEIR FITNESS FOR ANY
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT WILL SANDSTORM BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATIONS, LOSS OF INCOME, USE
OR INFORMATION, NOR SHALL THE LIABILITY OF SANDSTORM EXCEED THE AMOUNT

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PAID FOR THE LICENSED PROGRAMS. THE LICENSED PROGRAMS ARE NOT INTENDED
FOR PERSONAL, FAMILY OR HOUSEHOLD USE.
Any suit or other legal action relating in any way to this Agreement or to the Licensed Programs must be
officially filed or officially commenced no later than one (1) year after it accrues. This warranty gives the
customer specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.
4. General terms:
The License shall not be assigned or transferred without the written consent of Sandstorm. The validity,
construction and performance of this Agreement is governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, without regard to Massachusetts choice-of-law rules. Suit or arbitration relating to this
Agreement may be brought only in Massachusetts.
YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE READ THIS AGREEMENT, UNDERSTAND IT AND
AGREE TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS. YOU FURTHER AGREE THAT IT
IS THE COMPLETE AND EXCLUSIVE STATEMENT OF THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU
AND SANDSTORM, AND SUPERSEDES ANY EARLIER PROPOSAL OR PRIOR
ARRANGEMENT, WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN, AND ANY OTHER COMMUNICATIONS
BETWEEN YOU AND SANDSTORM RELATING TO THE SUBJECT OF THIS AGREEMENT.

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1 Introduction
Welcome to Sandtrap!
Sandtrap™ is a telephone system intrusion detection tool that can detect attempts to access your
organization’s computer systems through the telephone network. Sandtrap is designed to detect and
identify attackers who are engaged in telephone scanning, also known as “war dialing.” Sandtrap can also
be used to audit the activities of commercial telephone scanners such as Sandstorm’s PhoneSweep.
Sandtrap is an important threat assessment tool that can alert you if and when your organization is under
attack. In many cases, Sandtrap can even help you identify the perpetrators.

1.1 Why Worry About Unauthorized Telephone Scans?

Despite the attention given to Internet connections and firewalls, hostile telephone scanning (a.k.a. “war
dialing”) remains one of the most powerful means for computer attackers to assess and penetrate a target
organization.
Most organizations locate all of their telephone extensions within a block of telephone numbers that are
rented from a telephone company. By dialing every telephone number in an organization’s block, an
attacker can locate unsecured or misconfigured modems that allow access to computer systems and
networks. There are many documented cases in which a single misconfigured computer modem has
compromised the security of an entire organization.
Equipped with additional information, such as an employee list, a list of accounts, or valid
username/password combinations, an attacker is even more likely to penetrate a computer system’s
misconfigured dial-up modem.
Several companies sell “telephone firewalls” that can intercept and terminate inbound data calls to phone
numbers that are not authorized to host inbound modems. However, these systems can be very expensive
and constitute a single point of failure for an organization’s entire telephone system.

1.2 Sandtrap: A Telephone Threat Assessment Tool

Sandtrap is a program that will alert you when someone attempts to penetrate your computer systems
through telephone scanning.
Sandtrap runs on a computer equipped with one or more dial-up telephone lines.
• Runs on industry-standard Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000 and XP platforms.
• Watches the modems and waits for an incoming telephone call.
• Notes the Caller ID information associated with incoming calls.
• Directs the modem to answer incoming calls with a data tone.
• Prompts the caller for a username and password, then displays a message and hangs up on the
caller.
• Logs the time of the call, the phone number of the caller, the username and the password that
were provided.
• Sends the log information to you by email or through a web-based alert.
• Comes in versions that can monitor one, four, eight, twelve, or sixteen modems.

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Sandtrap cannot stop somebody from telephone scanning your organization, but it can tell you if you are
under attack. If your organization is being actively scanned, you may wish to perform your own telephone
scan, so that you may detect and disable any vulnerable modems before the outside attacker can use them.
Since most attackers use a single phone line, with a multi-line version of Sandtrap you will be able to
detect multiple attacks simultaneously, or detect in one session the same attacker calling multiple lines.
Sandtrap may also provide you with the information necessary to make the telephone scanning stop.
Many attackers unwittingly place telephone calls from their home phones without first blocking Caller
ID. By capturing Caller ID information, Sandtrap may provide you with the name and phone number of
your attacker. Even if Caller ID information is not available, by capturing the usernames that the attacker
provides, you may be able to infer whether the attacker is an insider or an outsider. Finally, the Sandtrap
log files and alert messages can be used as evidence in a court of law.
Sandtrap was designed and written specifically as a security audit tool by an experienced team of
engineers and security professionals. Sandtrap is designed to be easy to use, flexible, and powerful.

1.3 New Features for Sandtrap 1.5

Sandtrap 1.5 includes many new features, listed here:
• Multiple login tries.
• Configurable "bad password" prompt for between login tries.
• Option to display banner between login tries.
• "Trap" mode to keep caller on line, with configurable prompts and messages.
• Emulation and trap mode properties can be set for each modem.
• Additional alerts after answer and entering trap mode.
• New button to revert to default emulation and trap mode settings.
• Login prompt is optional, allowing emulation of password-only systems.
• Settable pause duration at end of call.
• Modems tab items are now tab stops.

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2 Installation and Setup
This section guides you through the process of getting ready to run Sandtrap. To successfully install and
begin using Sandtrap, you must:
• Have HTML Help installed on your computer (to view the online manual).
• Select appropriate modems for your computer.

2.1 System Requirements

2.1.1 Monitoring Computer
If Sandtrap will be in continuous operation or will be mission critical, we recommend that you install
Sandtrap on a well-maintained PC with up-to-date software (e.g. relevant service packs installed and
latest drivers). Also, both the PC and Sandtrap should be tested before you leave Sandtrap running for
extended periods of time. This is especially true where the intended system has previously had problems
with other software, or when you intend to use Sandtrap at multiple locations and conditions.
Minimum requirements: For 1 modem (Sandtrap Basic): 400 MHz PC or laptop, with 32MB RAM,
Intel Celeron/PII, and 20MB of free space to store the Sandtrap program and the log files it creates.

2.1.2 Operating System

Sandtrap is certified to run under Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT 4.0, 2000, and XP. We do not
recommend or support using Sandtrap on Windows ME. If you have a choice of platforms, we
recommend that you install Sandtrap on a computer using Windows 2000 or Windows 98, as these
are the two most stable platforms we have found to date.
Note on laptop computers and Windows NT: Sandstorm has noted that our communications programs
have historically had more problems running on laptops with Windows NT than on laptops running
Windows 98 or 2000, especially on laptops equipped with multi-port serial cards. Sandstorm supports
NT platforms, but recommends that, if possible, users who wish to run Sandtrap on a laptop computer use
Windows 98 or 2000.

2.1.3 Modem and multi-port serial I/O hardware recommendations

Follow the links on our main website (http://www.sandstorm.net) for the most up-to-date information on
modem and hardware recommendations. If you are using multiple modems, you may need to use a multi-
port serial I/O card.
Sandtrap works with most modems and multi-port serial cards. If your modem supports Caller ID and you
use Sandtrap with a Caller ID equipped phone line, Caller ID information will automatically be captured.

• Rockwell/Conexant modems that specifically mention support for “Simultaneous Voice and
Data” (SVD) will almost always report Caller ID information.
• Avoid using modems made before 1997, as they may not properly support Caller ID.
• Many modems that do not support Sandstorm’s Single Call Detect feature will nevertheless
support Caller ID. You may wish to consult your modem’s documentation.
Since Sandtrap communicates with the modems directly through the serial port, you do not have to install
the drivers provided with the modem.

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Our most recommended analog modem is the Zoltrix External Rainbow 56K modem, which we can
provide within the U.S. and which is sold worldwide. Other modems that we recommend are the Multi-
Tech MultiModem MT5600 ZDXV, and EXP Computer’s ThinFax 56L (model # MF-PCA56-L), both of
which are also sold worldwide. For ISDN monitoring we recommend the U.S. Robotics Courier Imodem.
For Sandtrap Plus 16, we recommend that you use the Multi-Tech MultiModem MT5600 ZDXV (see
below for further details).
For Sandtrap Plus 4, the multi-port serial I/O cards we recommend most often are SeaLevel’s Versa
COMM +4 or +8 Serial I/O PCI cards for PCs and Quatech’s QSP 100 PCMCIA cards for laptops. (Each
QSP 100 card supports up to 4 modems.) We also have SeaLevel’s Seaport box, which connects to a
USB port and provides 4 serial ports.
Windows NT users please note: Windows NT does not support the use of multiple multi-port serial I/O
cards, which limits Windows NT laptops to using only one QSP 100 PCMCIA card and desktops to using
only one SeaLevel Versa COMM +8.
Windows 2000 users please note: If installing a SeaLevel card that you have owned for more than a year
on Windows 2000, make sure that you have the latest drivers from SeaLevel, dated January 2001 or later.
The old SeaLevel drivers (Pre-Jan. 2001) may cause your system to freeze.
For Sandtrap Plus 16 (desktops only), we recommend the use of:
• Multi-Tech ZDX Modem Rack (http://www.multitech.com) which takes up to 12 Multi-Tech
MT5600ZDXV modems. (For Sandtrap Plus 16, you would need to place 4 standard Multi-tech
MT5600ZDXV modems to the side).
• Digi AccelePort 16em (http://www.digi.com) multi-port, which provides 16 serial I/O ports for
your desktop, connecting through a PCI card.
• Digi EdgePort, which connects to a USB port and provides 16 serial I/O ports for a laptop or a
desktop.

2.1.4 Modem Phone Line(s)

Modem phone lines should be dedicated analog or ISDN phone lines. For optimal detection, you should
use phone lines that are located within the block of phone numbers used most frequently by your
organization, since these are more likely to be attacked.

2.1.5 Security
Although every effort has been to provide for the security of the Sandtrap product, as with any
complicated piece of software there is always a chance that an attacker may find a way to compromise the
integrity of the underlying system. Therefore, if your organization requires the highest level of security,
Sandtrap should be run on a computer that is not connected to a network. This will mean that you will
not receive email alerts. For most uses, Sandtrap can be run on a computer that is connected to both the
telephone line and the computer network, provided that you have followed all standard security
precautions (including installation of all patches and software updates).

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2.2 Preparing to install and run Sandtrap
Before you install, reinstall, upgrade, or run Sandtrap, prepare your computer by following these steps:
• If you are installing Sandtrap Plus 4 or 16 for the first time, we recommend that you install
multi-port cards with their respective COM ports before installing Sandtrap. Make sure that your
PC can see the COM ports. This helps to separate hardware install problems from Sandtrap
problems. (Note: SeaLevel cards require you to install the drivers before the hardware).
• Disable your PC’s power management software. Because of bugs in some power management
drivers, computers with active power management may occasionally enter “sleep” mode while
Sandtrap is running, effectively turning off the hard drive and causing Sandtrap to cease
execution.
• Disable your PC’s fax software. Most fax software cannot share COM ports with Sandtrap.
• Disable your PC’s screen saver. Some screen savers require a substantial amount of
computational power in order to run. Others place the computer into “sleep” mode, even if power
management is disabled. In order to minimize any possibility of conflict, we recommend that all
screen savers be disabled before installing or running Sandtrap. If your screensaver does interfere
with Sandtrap’s operation and you need to lock or password protect your screen, we recommend
using Screen Lock. It works on Windows 95, 98, NT 4.0, 2000, and XP, and allows you to run
Sandtrap and other programs in the background. You can download it from
http://www.screenlock.com.
• Clear your PC’s outgoing phone line. Sandtrap may encounter problems sharing a local phone
line with other functions. Lines with voicemail configured and/or fax machines on the same
phone line as Sandtrap may respond to incoming calls, preventing Sandtrap from doing so.
• Log in using an administrator account (Windows NT/2000/XP only). On Windows NT,
2000, and XP machines, Sandtrap installs a service to handle communications with the hardware
license manager. If an administrator does not install Sandtrap, the installation process will fail.
• If you are running Windows NT, 2000, or XP, attach the hardware license management
device (the “dongle”) to the computer’s parallel or USB port. Sandtrap will not install
correctly on NT/2000/XP systems if the dongle is not attached during the installation.

2.3 Installing Sandtrap

Note that you cannot reinstall or upgrade Sandtrap while the program is running. If an attempted
installation results in an error message indicating that Sandtrap is running, you can use the Task Manager
(accessed by pressing CTRL-ALT-DELETE) to terminate the program. You may also reboot your
computer.
Insert the Sandtrap CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive. Sandtrap is distributed as an industry-
standard InstallShield package to allow easy installation and removal. If you have not disabled Autorun,
the installer will start up automatically after the drive closes. If the installer does not start automatically,
select Start and then Run from the Windows startup menu, and use Browse to locate and run the program
setup.exe. In either case, a standard InstallShield installer will guide you through the installation process.
You will not need to place the Sandtrap CD-ROM in the drive to run Sandtrap after it is installed.
Sandtrap’s default installation directory is: C:/Program Files/Sandstorm/Sandtrap.
If you have problems installing Sandtrap, please consult Appendix C: Sandtrap Troubleshooting Guide.

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2.4 Hardware License Protection
Sandstorm Enterprises uses hardware license management devices (dongles) to prevent unauthorized use
of its software. Sandtrap works with another Sandstorm product, the PhoneSweep phone line scanner, to
uncover operational security information about your organization. This information could potentially be
very damaging if misused. It is important that Sandtrap only be used by those authorized to do so.
Therefore, to help ensure that unauthorized persons do not use Sandtrap, a dongle is shipped with
Sandtrap. This device must be attached to the computer’s parallel or USB port for Sandtrap to
function. Sandtrap ships with a parallel port dongle. A USB dongle can be substituted for a small extra
charge. Laptop users may wish to use the USB dongle.
Sandtrap will not run or receive calls for more than 5 minutes if the dongle is detached.
Do not remove the dongle while Sandtrap is running! Sandtrap will cease to function properly if the
dongle is removed. If the dongle is disconnected while Sandtrap is running, it will be necessary to shut
down Sandtrap, reattach the dongle, and restart Sandtrap.
Sandtrap’s standard dongle works with most PC parallel ports, and does not preclude other simultaneous
use of the parallel port. (If you have ordered Sandtrap with a USB dongle, see Instructions for installing
the optional USB dongle.) The parallel dongle works with:
• Standard parallel ports
• Bi-directional parallel ports
• ECP ports
• EPP ports
• Most other PC parallel ports
You can attach other devices to your computer’s parallel port while the dongle is in place. You can attach
peripherals such as a Zip drive, a Visioneer PaperPort, another vendor’s dongle, or even a printer. When
attaching another device to the same parallel port as a Sandtrap dongle, connect the dongle directly to the
computer and connect the other device to the dongle.

2.4.1 Laptop models known to have problems with the dongle

Sandstorm has encountered a few hardware-specific problems with the dongle.
• On most Dell laptops, the external floppy drive cannot be used through the dongle.
• The parallel port dongle does not work with Toshiba Tecra 700 series laptop computers. The
problem is limited to the 700 series of Toshiba laptops; the Toshiba Portege 7020 model and
other Toshiba laptops are reported to work properly.
• On some laptops, the parallel port may not automatically activate if the laptop is running on
battery power. In this case a device with its own power supply, such as a printer or fax machine,
needs to be plugged into the laptop.
If Sandtrap is unable to detect the parallel port dongle on a laptop, please contact Sandstorm; the USB
dongle may suit your circumstances better.
Check Appendix C: Sandtrap Troubleshooting Guide if you have problems with the dongle. After trying
the suggestions there, if you are still having problems with the dongle, contact Sandstorm Enterprises
technical support at [email protected].

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2.4.2 Software known to interfere with dongles on the parallel port
Some printer drivers may interfere with the dongle. Other software that uses the parallel port may also
interfere. A list of specific software that interferes with the dongles on parallel ports will be forthcoming
on our web site.

2.4.3 Instructions for installing the optional USB dongle

Sandstorm now offers a USB dongle as an alternative to the parallel port dongle for Windows 98, 2000,
and XP systems only. The USB dongle should be installed before installing the Sandtrap software.
We recommend the following installation steps for the USB dongle:
1. Insert the Sandtrap CD in your CD-ROM drive. The USB drivers are on the CD.
2. Plug the dongle into an available USB port.
3. If your system detects the dongle, proceed to step 5.
4. If your system didn't detect the dongle, try rebooting. If it still doesn't detect the dongle, use the
Manual Installation steps below.
5. If you are given the option to choose a device type, choose "Other Devices" or "Unknown
Device".
6. At the hardware list screen, click on the "Have Disk" button (Windows 98 and 2000 only).
7. Select your CD-ROM drive with the Sandtrap CD in it, as the location of the drivers.
8. Return to the hardware list screen, and choose the appropriate USB Dongle selection for your
version of Windows.
9. Proceed with the rest of the installation as prompted by Windows.
Manual Installation: If your system was unable to detect the USB dongle, manually install the driver as
follows:
1. Plug the dongle into an available USB port.
2. Open the Control Panel. Open the Add New Hardware or Add/Remove Hardware panel,
depending on your system.
3. Follow the steps to add a new device. When you are given the option to choose a device type,
choose "Other Devices" (Win98) or "Add a new device" (Windows 2000 and XP).
4. If Windows asks you to either search or select the hardware from a list, choose to select from a
list.
5. At the hardware list screen, click on the "Have Disk" button.
6. Select your CD-ROM drive with the Sandtrap CD in it, as the location of the drivers.
7. Back at the hardware list screen, choose the appropriate USB Dongle selection for your version of
Windows.
8. Proceed with the rest of the installation as prompted by Windows.

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2.5 Uninstalling Sandtrap
To uninstall Sandtrap, click on the Add/Remove Programs icon under the Control Panel. Scroll down to
the Sandtrap entry, click on the Remove button, and confirm your choice.
Because the information in Sandtrap logs may represent weeks or months of work, log files containing
information from Sandtrap are not removed by the uninstaller. If you wish to remove the Sandtrap
logs, you can do so by manually dragging the main Sandtrap directory to the Recycle Bin after
uninstalling Sandtrap.

2.6 Reinstalling Sandtrap

Sandtrap does not store its configuration in the Windows Registry. For this reason, the program is
relatively resistant to bad interactions with other software or file corruption. Nevertheless, if you have
problems with Sandtrap that don't seem related to changes in your hardware configuration, or if the
Sandtrap program files become corrupted, you can safely reinstall Sandtrap at any time. You do not need
to specifically uninstall Sandtrap before reinstalling it. Note that you cannot reinstall Sandtrap while the
previous installation is running.
If you have modified the sandtrap.ini file, it will not be overwritten by reinstalling. If you wish to start
with a new sandtrap.ini file with default settings, move the current one to a different directory or rename
it to something else before running Sandtrap the next time. Sandtrap will create a fresh sandtrap.ini file
with the defaults.

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3 Running Sandtrap
Sandtrap monitors modems for incoming telephone calls. Sandtrap can be configured to answer the phone
when it rings, or to merely note the Caller ID information. If the phone is answered and Sandtrap is able
to negotiate a data connection with the calling computer, Sandtrap will present the caller with a username
and password prompt. This information will then be logged using either email alerts or HTTP.

3.1 The Sandtrap User Interface

When you first run Sandtrap, the program will display the Sandtrap monitor window:

This window allows you to monitor what Sandtrap is doing and to configure Sandtrap’s behavior via the
Tools->Options menu. All information displayed in the monitoring window is saved to the sandtrap.log
file. All events, such as disabled modems, login attempts, and incoming Caller ID information, are also
written to a file called sandtrap_events.log.
Sandtrap immediately begins monitoring the modems when you start the program. There is no need to
“start” Sandtrap after the program has run. However, unless you properly configure the program,
Sandtrap will not actually answer the modems or report intrusion attempts. The configuration information
is recorded in the sandtrap.ini file. Once Sandtrap has been configured, you can quit the program and
restart it without having to re-configure.

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3.1.1 Sandtrap’s Icon in the Windows Taskbar
In addition to the monitoring window, Sandtrap places the Sandtrap icon ( ) in the Windows taskbar:

You can access the Sandtrap functions through the pull-down menu options on the monitoring window or
by right-clicking on the Sandtrap icon in the taskbar:

You can also get immediate status information regarding Sandtrap by allowing the mouse cursor to
“hover” over the Sandtrap icon:

3.1.2 Sandtrap’s File Menu

The Sandtrap File menu is used for the primary control of the interface:

• Hide: This option hides the monitoring window. You can make the window reappear by
choosing Show User Interface from the Sandtrap icon in the taskbar.
• Clear log: This option clears the contents of the monitoring window. The sandtrap.log file is not
affected.
• Exit: This option closes the monitoring window and causes the Sandtrap program to exit.

3.1.3 Sandtrap’s View Menu

The Sandtrap View menu allows you to control options on the Sandstorm user interface.

• Modem Icons: Selecting this option causes Sandtrap to display indicator icons in the Windows
task bar for each modem that is licensed. For example, if you select this option and have three

16
 modems that are disabled, Sandtrap will display:

• Debug Output: Selecting this option causes Sandtrap to display more detailed information in the
monitor window.
• Events Log… Selecting this option causes the current contents of the file Sandtrap_Events.log
to display, using the Windows Notepad application. This provides an easy way to see a log of
just the events that have happened up to the time of the display, such as login attempts, disabled
modems, and incoming Caller ID information. You can designate a different viewer application,
as well as elect to include dates in the events log filename, on the Logging tab of the Sandtrap
Properties window. See the Setting Up Sandtrap section for further information.

3.1.4 Sandtrap’s Tools Menu

The Sandtrap Tools menu allows you to control the behavior of the Sandtrap application.

• Start: Normally, Sandtrap starts monitoring the modems when you start the program. If you had
previously selected Stop to stop monitoring, selecting Start will resume monitoring.
• Stop: Selecting Stop will cause Sandtrap to stop monitoring the modems.
• Restart: Selecting this option is the same as manually selecting Stop and then Start. Normally
you do not need to use the Restart option, but if you are having problems with your Sandtrap
modems, you may find this option useful.
• Options… This menu option brings up the Sandtrap Properties configuration window. See the
Setting Up Sandtrap section for further information.

3.1.5 Sandtrap’s Help Menu

• Manual… This displays the online version of this manual, using HTML Help.
• License… This option displays the Sandtrap End User License Agreement.
• About Sandtrap… This option displays information about the current version of Sandtrap.
To assure yourself of the accuracy and reliability of the data collected using Sandtrap, you should run a
test from a known number using a utility like Hyperterminal. See the Sandtrap QuickStart document for
test instructions.

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3.2 Setting Up Sandtrap
The Sandtrap Properties configuration window is accessible from the Tools->Options menu. There are
three tabs in the properties window:
• Modems: Allows configuration of individual modems.
• Alerts: Allows you to enable, disable and configure SMTP and HTTP alerts.
• Emulation: Allows customization of the banner, login prompt, password prompt, and login
failure message that any modem dialing into Sandtrap will see.
• Logging: Allows you to designate a viewer for the events log, and use a unique events log file
name for each day that you start Sandtrap.

3.2.1 Modems Tab

The number of modems you can use with Sandtrap is contained in the hardware license manager. If you
have many modems that will be using the same settings, use the convenience options at the top of the
Modems tab:

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 • Use Modem 1 State for All: When checked, the State setting for Modem 1 will be used for all
modems.
• Renumber COM Ports from Modem 1: When checked, COM ports for all modems will be set
in sequence starting at the COM port for Modem 1. COM port renumbering stops at COM 255.
• Use Modem 1 Speaker for All: When checked, the Speaker setting for Modem 1 will be used
for all modems.
• Use Modem 1 Init String for All: When checked, the Init String setting for Modem 1 will be
used for all modems.
There is also a row of fields for each modem.
• Number: The number of the modem. This is the same number that appears in each modem
indicator icon in your Windows taskbar.
• State: The modem state may be Off, Answer, or Monitor. Monitoring modems will log Caller
ID information but will not answer.
• COM Port: The COM port the modem is attached to. Consult your Windows Device Manager
settings, or run checkmodems.exe to see which COM ports your modems are connected to.
• Speaker: The modem’s speaker may be Always Off, Always On, or On For Answer (off once
the connection is established).
• Init String: A command string sent to the modem during initialization. In most cases this will
not need to be changed. If it is necessary, consult your modem hardware documentation to
determine the correct init string.

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3.2.2 Alerts Tab

The Alerts tab contains configuration for SMTP and HTTP alerts, which can be sent out when certain
Sandtrap events occur, such as a login attempt. You can elect to use one, both, or neither alert method.
All events, even if alerts are not enabled, are recorded in the Sandstorm_Events.log file. These alerts will
be sent when Sandtrap events occur for the selected Alert Types:
• Answer: When the modem answers, it will send an alert with the date and time.
• Caller ID: When Caller ID information is received by a listening modem, it is included in the
alert with the date and time.
• Login Attempt: When checked, alerts will be sent containing information about a login
attempt. This includes the date and time of the attempt, and the username and password used in
the attempt.
• Trap Mode: When checked, an alert will be sent whenever any modem goes into Trap mode.
See Section 3.2.6 for a description of Trap mode.

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 • Modem Disabled: If a modem becomes disabled during monitoring, Sandtrap sends an alert
with the date and time, which modem, and why it was disabled.
• Shutdown: An alert is sent out if the Sandtrap program is shut down, containing the date and
time the shutdown occurred.

3.2.3 Alerts Tab: SMTP Settings

SMTP alerts can be sent to email accounts or pagers. The default settings can be customized for your
company’s information or mail filtering.
• Enable SMTP Alerts: When checked, SMTP alerts will be sent for all of the Alert Types that
are checked. If not checked, the following SMTP settings will be grayed out.
• To address: This is the email address to send SMTP alerts. This field is required.
• Cc address: This is the email address to send a carbon copy of SMTP alerts.
• Bcc address: This is the email address to send a blind carbon copy of SMTP alerts.
• From address: This is the email address the SMTP alerts will appear to be sent from.
• Subject line prefix: The subject line for SMTP alerts will consist of this prefix, followed by the
alert type.
• Outgoing mail (SMTP) server: The outgoing mail server to use for SMTP alerts. This field is
required. Ask your system administrator, or you can use the same outgoing mail server that your
default email program uses.

3.2.4 Alerts Tab: HTTP Settings

HTTP alerts are sent to web servers. Sandstorm provides an unsupported sample web server called the
Sandstorm Alert Manager (sam.exe), along with a sample web page (default.html) and CGI script
(psalert.cgi).
• Enable HTTP Alerts: When checked, HTTP alerts will be sent for all of the Alert Types that
are checked.
• URL: Where to send the HTTP alert. This field is required. For example, if you are using a CGI
script called psalert.cgi on a local web server, you would use something like: http://localhost/cgi-
bin/psalert.
• Username: If your web server requires a login, the username goes here.
• Password: If your web server requires a login, the password goes here.
• Extra arguments: Any extra arguments that would be sent, for example to a CGI script. An
example would be color=red if your CGI script uses a text color for an alert.

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3.2.5 Emulation Tab
Using the Emulation tab, you can customize the information that a caller will see when they attempt to
login to Sandtrap. This allows you to emulate a specific system, or present information required by your
company. It also allows you to control how long Sandtrap will wait for a connection or responses to
prompts. Emulation can be set per-modem. Default settings are provided as an example.

Each setting (except the response timeout) can be one or more lines, or can even be blank.
• Banner: One or more lines of introductory text presented before the login prompt.
• Display Between Login Tries: When checked, the banner will be redisplayed between multiple
login tries.
• Login prompt: This prompts the caller to enter a user name.
• Use: When checked, the login prompt will be used. When unchecked, Sandtrap can emulate
systems that present a password prompt only.

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• Password prompt: This prompts the caller to enter a password.
• Failed password message between multiple login tries: This informs the caller that the login
attempt failed, if there are multiple Login Tries set. The banner (if the Display Between Login
Tries banner option is checked) and the username prompt appear after this message is displayed.
• Message at end of call: This informs the caller that their login attempt failed and that the
connection is being terminated. Sandtrap hangs up the call after this message is sent.
• Login Tries: This is how many times Sandtrap will prompt for a username and password, before
the end of call message is displayed.
• Modem: Each modem can answer with different emulation settings. This drop-down list selects
the modem this group of settings corresponds to.
• Response Timeout (seconds): This is how many seconds Sandtrap will wait for a response from
the other modem when answering, prompting for login, or prompting for password. If the
timeout is reached without a response, Sandtrap will hang up.
• End of call Timeout (seconds): This is how many seconds Sandtrap will wait after the last
failed password attempt, before hanging up.
• Use Defaults: This sets all visible emulation settings to the Sandtrap defaults. Click the OK or
Apply button to apply the settings.
• Use these settings for all modems: When checked, the currently visible settings will be used for
all modems when the OK or Apply button is clicked.

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3.2.6 Trap Tab
The Trap tab allows you to put a modem into an interactive “trap” mode at the specified stage of a call.
In trap mode, Sandtrap will not hang up the modem until it is manually reset. This is useful for keeping
the line open for call tracing, and for providing more extensive emulation. An alert will be sent upon
entering trap mode, if alerts are enabled and the Trap Mode box is checked on the Alerts tab. The
modem can be reset by right-clicking on the modem icon and choosing Reset from the popup menu.

The following settings can be changed on this tab, on a per-modem basis:

• Enter Trap Mode after: Trap mode will be entered for this modem in the following stage of a
call: Never, after answer, after the username is entered, or after the password is entered.
• Show end of call message after entering trap mode: Sandtrap can display the end of call
message (set on the Emulation tab) upon entering trap mode. When using this option, you may
wish to change the end of call message to indicate successful penetration of the emulated system.

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 • Use “Help” message text between prompts: In trap mode, Sandtrap will present the caller with
a prompt after each carriage return the caller enters. When this box is checked, Sandtrap will also
display an additional message before each prompt. This allows emulation of a help or error
message from the system.
• “Help” message text: Text presented to the caller after each carriage return entered, if the Use
“Help” message text box is checked.
• Prompt: Characters presented to the caller after each carriage return entered in Trap mode. You
may wish to customize this to a typical prompt for the system Sandtrap is emulating.
• Modem: Each modem can enter trap mode at different times or not at all, and use different
prompt sets. This drop-down list selects the modem this group of settings corresponds to.
• Use Defaults: This sets all visible Trap mode settings to the Sandtrap defaults. Click the OK or
Apply button to apply the settings.
• Use these settings for all modems: When checked, the currently visible settings will be used for
all modems when the OK or Apply button is clicked.

3.2.6.1 Sample Trap Session

This is a sample session of a caller dialing into a Sandtrap modem in trap mode. The end of call message
on the Emulation tab has been changed to a welcome message.
ATDT5551234
CONNECT 9600
Remote Access Service.
UNAUTHORIZED USE PROHIBITED.
Login: root
Password:
Welcome to the XYZ Company System!
> help
Invalid Command!
> dir
Invalid Command!
> quit
Invalid Command!

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3.2.7 Logging Tab
The Logging tab allows you to control how you view the Events Log from within Sandtrap, and provides
the option to automatically create a new dated events log for each day that you start Sandtrap.

The following settings can be changed on this tab:

• Application for viewing Events Log: This is the application that will be called by Sandtrap to
display the current contents of the events log. The default is Notepad. If you use a different
application, make sure it is either in your PATH or that you provide a full path name (e.g.
C:\apps\myreader.exe). You can also use the Browse button to find and select an application.
• Use new dated events log each time Sandtrap is started: When this is checked, each time you
start Sandtrap the events log file name will include the date. An example is
Sandtrap_Events_01Jan02.log. This allows you to easily archive your event logs. If you start
Sandtrap multiple times in the same day, log information will be appended to the same file for

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 that day. If this option is not checked, the file Sandtrap_Events.log is used. Changing this setting
takes effect the next time you start Sandtrap.

3.2.8 Sandtrap.ini file

Sandtrap can also be configured by directly editing the sandtrap.ini initialization file. If you choose to do
so, you must restart Sandtrap after editing the file for the changes to take effect. The items in sandtrap.ini
correspond directly to the settings on the Sandtrap Properties window tabs.

3.3 Before You Start

• Verify that the hardware license device (dongle) is connected to your computer’s parallel or USB
port and seated firmly. You can run Sandtrap for 5 minutes without a dongle; after that Sandtrap
will quit.
• Disable any fax or remote access software that uses the same modems or COM ports as Sandtrap,
including PhoneSweep.
• Disable your computer’s power management software and/or screensaver.
• On Sandtrap’s properties window (off the Tools->Options menu) on the Modems tab, make sure
you have assigned the correct COM port and answer state for your modem(s). Modems can be in
either Monitor or Answer state. Monitor state means that the modem will record Caller ID
information, but will not answer.
• On Sandtrap’s properties window, select the Alerts tab and make sure you have enabled the
desired alert options and provided necessary information (such as your email address and
outgoing mail server, for SMTP alerts).
• On Sandtrap’s properties window, select the Emulation tab and make any desired customizations
to the banner, login and password prompts, and failed login message that callers will see.

3.4 During the Monitoring Process

While Sandtrap is running, it is always monitoring, unless you have told it to Stop or all modems are
disabled. If you use the Sandtrap Properties window to change options, Sandtrap resets and starts
monitoring again after you apply the changes.
You can tell what is going on during the monitoring process in several ways:
• Modem Indicator icons: These appear in your taskbar icon tray, and there is one for each
modem. The icons will have a gray background if the modem is disabled, a black background if
it is idle or monitoring, and a red background if it is answering an incoming call. Each indicator
icon has a status tooltip, which appears when you run the mouse over the icon. This tooltip is
useful for determining what the modem is doing at a given time.

• Each indicator also has a right-click popup menu. Using this menu, you can disable individual
modems, or attempt to reset them if they have become disabled or inactive.

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 • Sandtrap main window: A scrolling, time-stamped log of activity appears on this window.
Everything appearing here is also saved in the file sandtrap.log. You may wish to save copies of
sandtrap.log periodically for audit and archive purposes, or to send to Sandstorm Support to
report a problem. The events log file (Sandtrap_Events.log) contains a subset of this information
including login attempts and Caller ID info, which is useful for a quick review.
• View -> Events Log: This shows the current contents of the events log file up to the time that it
is displayed. You will need to close and redisplay it to get more events.
• SMTP or HTTP alerts: Sandtrap will send SMTP and/or HTTP alerts, as desired. You can
configure these on the Alerts tab, on the Sandtrap Properties dialog. This allows you to receive
email or pager alerts, or direct alerts to a web server. An unsupported sample web server, the
Sandstorm Alert Manager, is provided with Sandtrap as an example. All events that can be sent
as alerts are also recorded in the file sandtrap_events.log, whether or not alerts are enabled.
An example of a typical SMTP login attempt alert email:
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Cc: [email protected]
Subject: SANDTRAP ALERT: Login Attempted.

Fri Jan 04 09:49:16 2002

Login Attempted.
Modem 1
username: myuser
password: rover

An example of a typical SMTP Caller ID alert email:

From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Subject: SANDTRAP ALERT: Caller ID

Fri Jan 04 17:23:55 2002

Caller ID
Modem 1
DATE = 0104
TIME = 1720
NAME = MR_HACKER
NMBR = 6175551234

3.4.1 Why might a modem become disabled?

A modem is always disabled if its state is “Off” on the Modems tab. It may also become disabled if
Sandtrap cannot communicate with it. If this happens, make sure you have the right COM port assigned
to the modem, and that the modem is powered on.

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Appendix A: Glossary
Administrator: On Windows NT, 2000, and XP, the level of privilege that allows users write access to
all files, to install new services, and to create new users. Analogous to root on a UNIX system.
Because the hardware management device services must be installed, an Administrator user on
Windows NT/2000/XP must install Sandtrap.
Bi-directional parallel port: A parallel port that can be written to as well as read from. Devices attached
to a bi-directional parallel port can both receive input from the computer and return status
information.
BIOS: Basic Input/Output System. The ROM code that runs on startup and communicates with
hardware to load the operating system.
checkmodems.exe: A program in the top-level Sandtrap directory that identifies modems and their COM
ports, and determines if they are connected properly to a phone line.
CMOS: Complementary-symmetry Metal Oxide Semiconductors. Non-volatile memory that records
BIOS settings when a machine is powered off.
COM port: another name for a serial port. Knowing which COM: ports your modems are connected to is
important for configuring Sandtrap.
Data communications: The exchange of information by two modems; communications that are not fax
communications.
Data device: A device that is capable of being a modem.
DB9: A type of serial port connector with 9 pins in a D-shaped shell. Normally used for RS-232 serial
communications. Compatible with 25-pin DB-25 cabling with proper adapter connectors.
Desktop: The main Microsoft Windows window (or view).
Dongle: Another term for Hardware License Management Device. When attached to a computer’s
parallel or USB port, allows Sandtrap to answer actual calls. The dongle prevents pirated copies
of Sandtrap from being misused.
Hardware License Manager: A device that must be connected to the parallel or USB port of a computer
running Sandtrap before Sandtrap will listen for calls. Also called a “dongle”.
hhupd.exe: A program in the top-level Sandtrap directory that installs HTML Help on a computer that
does not already have it.
I/O address: Associated with IRQs, an I/O address is internal to the computer and is used to
communicate with a specific device.
Initialization string: A command sent to a modem before Sandtrap puts it into listening mode.
IRQ: Interrupt Request. Hardware devices use IRQs to request service from the operating system when
I/O operations complete or there is new data to be processed. If the operating system is not
configured to know which devices are using which IRQ lines, it may crash, or the devices may be
unusable.
PCMCIA: Personal Computer Memory Card Internal Association. Also called “PC cards.” A credit-
card sized I/O device for laptop computers - may provide a network adapter, modem, or multiple
RS-232 serial ports.

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Remote modem: A modem that dials into Sandtrap.
Response string: The characters sent by Sandtrap when it answers an incoming call.
Serial port: An I/O device that sends and receives data bytes over an RS-232 serial line. Used to
connect modems and sometimes printers to PCs.
Sleep Mode: A power-saving mode implemented by some desktop and laptop computers. If disk and
communications activity only will not prevent the computer from entering sleep mode, then sleep
mode must be disabled before leaving Sandtrap running unattended.
Tab: An area on the Sandtrap Properties dialog that can be selected to reveal a set of related information
or configuration options.
TAPI: Microsoft’s Telephony Application Programming Interface.
Testing injury: An undesired result of running Sandtrap, such as accidentally sending email alerts to the
wrong address. The Sandtrap license agreement explicitly states that the end user assumes all
liability for any testing injuries.
Unsecured modem: A modem connected to a system that allows login without a password or with an
easily guessed password.
USB interface: Universal Serial Bus. A serial I/O channel to which multiple peripherals can be
connected, most commonly found in laptops.

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Appendix B: Sandtrap FAQ
The Sandtrap FAQ is a collection of Frequently Asked Questions and answers about normal Sandtrap
operations. For information on diagnosing problems and troubleshooting, please see Appendix C:
Sandtrap Troubleshooting Guide.

Using Sandtrap
Do the modem drivers need to be installed for Sandtrap to work?
No. Sandtrap uses the low-level COM port drivers instead of TAPI.
Will HTML Help run if the computer running Sandtrap does not have Internet Explorer installed?
Probably yes, if you run hhupd.exe in the top level Sandtrap directory. Note, however, that having IE
installed on a computer does not mean that you have to use IE at all; you can keep running your preferred
web browser.
Can I use Sandtrap with Remote Software?
We have performed some testing with Sandtrap with PCAnywhere and NetOp, but we cannot guarantee
100% compatibility. Make sure such software loads and operates correctly on its own before you attempt
to use Sandtrap over it.

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Appendix C: Sandtrap Troubleshooting
Guide
This section contains information that can help resolve problems that crop up in the course of running
Sandtrap. Please read this section before contacting Sandstorm Technical Support. Many problems
have uncomplicated solutions, and this section will usually give the quickest way to get Sandtrap up and
running again.
This section is divided up into several subsections:
• Information you should have available while troubleshooting Sandtrap.
• Easily rectifiable situations that may cause problems running Sandtrap.
• Common problems encountered while running Sandtrap and possible solutions for them.
• Error messages, their causes and possible solutions.
• Other things to try.

Information To Collect Before Troubleshooting

• Error Messages: Make a note of any error messages, including their exact text. Error messages
may appear in dialog boxes and can also be viewed in the files sandtrap.err, sandtrap.log, and
sandtrap.log.bak.
• Operating System: What version of Windows is Sandtrap being used with? Some problems are
OS-specific.
• Modem: What brand and model of modem was Sandtrap using to dial? What does
checkmodems.exe say about your modem? Many problems can result from using a misconfigured
or non-recommended modem, because Sandtrap’s performance depends heavily on the modem.
If checkmodems.exe can find your modems, but Sandtrap cannot, have you set the correct
COM port for your modem in Sandtrap?
• Phone System / PBX: What make/model phone system / PBX are you using?
• Version number: What version of Sandtrap was having problems? Often, bugs found in older
versions of Sandtrap will have been corrected in subsequent releases.
• What changed since things last worked? When Sandtrap "just stops working," the reason is
usually a side effect of some other change to the computer or its environment. Check your
modem cables, telephone jacks and the software environment (O/S changes, new applications
using the COM port, internal security software, etc.). Also, ask your telecommunications service
if they have performed any work on the phone system that might have affected Sandtrap.

Things To Check If You’re Having Trouble

• Are you running Sandtrap with a non-recommended modem? The quality of the information
collected by Sandtrap depends heavily on the modem used. For example, a modem that does not
support Caller ID will result in no Caller ID alerts. Try using a recommended modem. The
updated list is at http://www.sandstorm.net/products/phonesweep/reccmodems.shtml.

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• Did you manually lock the computer while Sandtrap was running? Using a software screen-
locking tool to manually lock the computer running Sandtrap can cause problems. Try unlocking
the computer and restarting Sandtrap. If this is the problem, and you need to lock your screen, we
recommend the third party product, ScreenLock, which can be run on Windows 95, 98, NT 4.0,
2000, and XP. You can obtain it from http://www.screenlock.com.
• Was a screensaver or other software (such as a virus checker) running simultaneously with
Sandtrap? Try disabling the screensaver or other software and restarting Sandtrap. If this does
not work, disable all non-essential software before restarting Sandtrap. If you need to be able to
lock your screen, use ScreenLock, which can be obtained from http://www.screenlock.com.
• Is the hardware license manager attached to the parallel or USB port and firmly seated?
You can run Sandtrap for 5 minutes without a hardware license manager; after that Sandtrap will
quit. If the license manager disengages from the parallel or USB port while Sandtrap is running,
Sandtrap will stop monitoring. Reattach the license manager and restart Sandtrap. If you are
using Windows NT, you may need to reboot your PC.
• Are you running Sandtrap on a laptop running on battery power? The laptop may not
automatically activate the port that the dongle is plugged into. If you can't plug in the laptop,
attach a device with an independent power supply, such as a printer or fax machine, to the dongle
and restart Sandtrap.
• Are you running Sandtrap on a laptop with Windows NT? Sandtrap works best on laptops
that are running Windows 98, 2000, or XP. If you have the option of running Sandtrap under one
of these operating systems, do so.
• If you are running Sandtrap under Windows NT, 2000, or XP, was the dongle attached to
the parallel or USB port and firmly seated during installation? The dongle must be attached
during the install for Sandtrap to install correctly. If the hardware license manager was not
attached to the correct port during the Sandtrap installation, attach the hardware license manager
to the correct port and follow the directions in Section 2.4,

33
 Hardware License Protection, to reinstall Sandtrap.
• If you are running Sandtrap under Windows NT, 2000, or XP, were you logged in as an
Administrator when Sandtrap was installed? To run correctly under Windows NT/2000/XP,
an Administrator must install Sandtrap.
• If you are running Sandtrap on Windows NT, do you have write permission for the
Sandtrap directory? If you want to run Sandtrap as a non-administrator, Sandtrap must be able
to write to its log files. An NT Administrator can reset the Security values under the Properties of
the Sandtrap directory.

If you are running Sandtrap under certain Windows NT configurations or security settings, it is
possible that Sandtrap may need to be run by an Administrator. Doing so will guarantee Sandtrap
access to the files, devices and system services it requires.
• Did you copy missing DLL files from another computer? Copying DLL files from one
computer to another does not work. If you are running Sandtrap on a Windows NT system and
you get an error message stating that you are missing DLL files, try installing Internet Explorer
4.01 or higher, and upgrading to a newer NT service pack.
• Do you already have another copy of the Sandtrap engine or database running? Hit CTRL-
ALT-DEL to bring up the Task Manager and kill any processes named Sandtrap and restart
Sandtrap.
• Does the computer on which you are running Sandtrap meet the system requirements? See
Section 2, Installation and Setup.
• Is any other software running simultaneously with Sandtrap? In rare instances, some
software may conflict with Sandtrap, most often when attempting to share COM ports. Try
shutting down all other programs and restarting Sandtrap. It has also been reported that having
Norton Autoprotect installed on a computer can cause a general protection fault when the
Sandtrap InstallShield installer is running.

Common Problems and Possible Solutions

• Sandtrap will not start monitoring. If you click on Start and Sandtrap does not begin
monitoring, first collect some information and refer to the more specific situations below. Make
sure the dongle is attached and firmly seated, the modems are turned on, at least one modem is
selected on the Modems sub-tab, and the COM ports do not have any IRQ conflicts.
• Sandtrap stops monitoring.
o Check to see if the hardware license management device has become loose or
disconnected from the computer’s parallel or USB port.
o Do you have other software running on the computer? Try disabling all other software
before running Sandtrap. Contact Sandstorm if this does not work.
• No Caller ID information is being recorded. Your modem may not support Caller ID mode.
Check with the modem manufacturer, or use one of Sandstorm’s recommended modems listed at
http://www.sandstorm.net/products/phonesweep/reccmodems.shtml.
• HTML Help doesn’t work. Try running the HTML Help installer hhupd.exe in the top-level
Sandtrap directory. If this doesn’t work, try installing Internet Explorer 4.01 or 5.0 on your
computer or, on an NT system, upgrading to a newer service pack.

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• Sandtrap reports that a DLL file is missing. Copying DLL files from one computer to another
does not work. Installing Internet Explorer 4.01 or higher and reinstalling Sandtrap may clear up
the problem. Upgrading the service packs may help; there may be a way to get DLL files from
the NT service packs.
• Sandtrap stops working after an NT workstation upgrade. This is likely a Microsoft
problem; installing Internet Explorer 5.0 may clear up the problem.
• Running a screensaver makes Sandtrap lock up. Unfortunately, there is currently no way to
ensure that Sandtrap will run correctly if a screensaver is running at the same time. There is no
way to predict whether Sandtrap will or will not have problems with a given screensaver. Disable
the screensaver if it appears to be causing problems. We have tested a third party product called
Screen Lock. It works on Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000, and XP and allows you to run Sandtrap
and other programs in the background. You can obtain it from http://www.screenlock.com.
• A multi-port serial card does not work. Resetting the cards and connections is a good place to
start. If you have multiple cards, try swapping them, and/or swapping their cables. If nothing
else works, uninstall the cards and drivers and start over.
• Reseating the multi-port serial card or its cable several times still doesn’t get the computer
to acknowledge the card. It is possible that the card and/or cable are defective. If possible, try
to install the card on another machine, preferably one with different hardware or operating
system. If you are able to install the card on another machine, have your company’s technical
support personnel check your own machine’s settings. After testing, if it appears that the card
and/or cable are defective, call the manufacturer. If you bought the card from Sandstorm, please
call our Technical Support department.
• I installed a multi-port serial card, but I cannot set my UART’s or COM ports for modems.
Some machines (especially Dell Optiplexes) are picky about where you place multi-port cards. If
you are using a SeaLevel card on a Dell Optiplex, try moving it to the middle port. On other
machines, move the card to the port normally used by the internal modem (this usually maps to
COM 2 or 3).
• I added a multiport serial card, but fewer COM ports are visible in software than I
expected. Remove the card and reboot the computer, and see if the number of COM ports
increases. If not, you may have a resource conflict. Try re-installing the hardware and drivers.
• I am using an 8-modem card, but only COM ports 5-10 are found. On some systems, you
may need to manually install the modem drivers on COM ports 11 and 12).
• checkmodems.exe is not identifying the devices on the COM ports correctly. Check the
settings in the Device Manager and ensure that they are correct. If this is not the problem, try one
of the following:
o Turn the modem(s) on and off; reseat all connections involved.
o Swap modems and cables (and multi-port serial cards if you are using them) to see if the
problem is associated with a particular piece of hardware.
If the problem follows a particular piece of hardware, or you cannot fix it, contact the
manufacturer or Sandstorm Technical Support if you purchased your modems from us.
• checkmodems.exe hangs at one port. Try resetting the modem at that port, and reseating its
cable. Try swapping cards and/or cables if you are using a multi-port serial card.
• checkmodems.exe finds the Modems, but Sandtrap does not (when I check under the
Modems sub-tab, the COM Ports are wrong). When running checkmodems.exe, note what

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 COM ports the modems are actually on. Then, go to the Modems tab, and click the drop down
list under the COM Port column for the modem in question. This brings up a pull-down menu
where you can select the correct COM port for each modem. Once you save any changes,
Sandtrap will find the modems. If Sandtrap continues to give you problems after this, please call
Sandtrap Technical Support.

Sandtrap Error Messages

Error messages on install
• “Move data error”: This error indicates a problem with the installation CD-ROM itself. The
CD-ROM could be scratched or have a defect that was not spotted during testing. If you
encounter this error, contact Sandstorm Enterprises and request a replacement CD-ROM. In rare
cases, it may turn out that the manner in which the data is burned onto the CD-ROM is not
compatible with your CD-ROM drive. Installing Sandtrap by copying files from another
computer may help, or Sandstorm may be able to help devise a workaround.
• “The file filename is locked and not writeable”: During an installation, this means that some
part of Sandtrap was running and could not be overwritten. If the Sandtrap User Interface is
running, shut it down before attempting the install. If the debugging file debug.bat is running,
close the DOS window it is using. If neither of these are running, hit CTRL-ALT-DEL to bring
up the Task Manager and kill any processes named Sandtrap. Alternatively, you can reboot your
computer and begin the install again.
• “Sandtrap requires Administrator privileges on Windows NT”: This indicates that you are
installing Sandtrap on a Windows NT system, but you do not have administrative privileges.
Because Sandtrap must install a service to interface with the hardware license manager, it must be
installed by Administrator on Windows NT.
• “d:\setup.exe not a valid NT program.”: Make sure you've selected the CDROM drive, and
that it contains the Sandtrap CD.
Error messages for individual modems
• “Disabled: <error message>”: Follow the steps below to diagnose the problem:
o The error message will tell you why Sandtrap was not able to use this modem. Check the
main Sandtrap window or the sandtrap.log file to determine the exact error message.
o There may be a problem with your computer’s COM ports. Run checkmodems.exe to test
your COM ports.
o The modem may not be turned on or plugged in. Make sure that the modem is turned on
and plugged firmly into a valid analog phone line. Remember that analog modems will
not work when plugged directly into a digital phone line. If you have multiple modems
and one is working, switch the working modem’s phone line with the problem modem’s
phone line. If the previously working modem then experiences problems, the problem is
with the phone line.
o Many modems have two RJ11 backs on the back, one to hook into your phone system,
one for an optional handset. Be sure you are using the proper jack, usually labeled
“LINE.”
o There may be physical problems with the modem itself. If applications other than
Sandtrap cannot use the modem, the modem may be broken or defective, or incorrectly
cabled.

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 o If some modems connected via a Quatech PCI card stop working when the modems are
moved around, check the connectors to see if they are loose. The connectors do not have
screws to secure them to the modems.
• “Cannot open COM: <number>”: This message usually means either that the PC does not
have that COM port installed or that some other application is currently using that particular
COM port. Run checkmodems.exe to further diagnose the problem.

I’ve Tried Everything and Sandtrap Still Doesn’t Work!

First, check all the cables to the modems, and the phone jack wires that connect the modems to the phone
lines. Make sure your modems are powered on. Second, reboot your PC. Windows itself can become
unstable and cause problems for applications trying to run under it. If you are running Sandtrap under
Windows 95 or NT, try running Sandtrap under Windows 98, 2000, or XP instead. Users have
historically reported fewer problems running Sandtrap under Windows 98/2000/XP than under Windows
95 or NT. If you are still having problems, contact Sandstorm Technical Support.

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Appendix D: Important Web Sites and
Phone Numbers
Sandstorm Enterprises (617-426-5056): http://www.sandstorm.net
Recommended Modems:
http://www.sandstorm.net/products/phonesweep/reccmodems.shtml
Recommended Serial I/O cards:
http://www.sandstorm.net/products/phonesweep/multiport.shtml
Multiport Card Vendors
SeaLevel (SeaLevel VersaCom +4 (7401) and +8 (7801)Serial I/O multiport cards, and SeaPort +4/232
(2401) box): http://www.sealevel.com
Installation Note: You must first install asynchronous drivers before installing serial I/O card and
attach the octopus cable. IMPORTANT: If you are putting your multiport card on a Windows 2000
system, go to the SeaLevel website to get the latest drivers. Pre-January 2001 drivers can cause the
system to freeze.
4 port cards: http://www.sealevel.com/catalog/4portpcia.htm
8 port cards: http://www.sealevel.com/catalog/8portpcia.htm
SeaPort USB to 4-port Serial box: http://www.sealevel.com/catalog/2401.htm
Drivers: http://www.sealevel.com/catalog/asyncsw.htm
Quatech (Quatech QSP 100 4 port PCMCIA serial I/O adaptor with cable for laptops)
http://quatech.com
Modem Vendors
Zoltrix (Zoltrix Rainbow 56K modem, FM-VSP56e2 and FM-VSP56e3)
http://www.zoltrix.com or http://www.zoltrix-int.com (International Web Site)
Installation notes: Sandtrap does not use the drivers that come with your modem. However, to
prevent the Add New Hardware wizard from coming up every time you restart your PC or laptop, we
recommend that you install the modem drivers, then turn them off under Modem Properties in the
System Devices panel found under Start->Settings->Control Panel. Sandstorm does sell Rainbow
Modems if you are unable to find a nearby modem supplier in the U.S..
Multi-Tech: (Multi-Tech Systems MultiModem 56K Voice/Data/Fax (Multi-Tech MT5600ZDXV)
http://www.multitech.com
(http://www.multitech.com/PRODUCTS/MultiModemZDX)
For ISDN: US Robotics External Courier Imodem: http://www.usr.com. Note: Site uses Java.
ScreenSaver Vendor
ScreenLock: (ScreenLock, password protection/screen saver that allows programs to run in the
background. Tested and approved for use with Sandtrap):
http://www.screenlock.com

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Appendix E: Contacting Sandstorm
This appendix describes how to contact Sandtrap technical support and sales. We’re always glad to hear
from you. Your comments are valuable to us. By telling us what features you want to see in Sandtrap
and working with us to resolve problems, you can help us deliver a product that lives up to your
expectations.

About Technical Support for Sandtrap

Sandtrap comes with 60 days of free Support/Update service. You can purchase 12-month extensions of
your Support/Update service either with your initial purchase of Sandtrap, or later. If Sandstorm releases
a new version of Sandtrap during the period of your Support/Update contract, you will automatically
receive the new version free of further charge.

Submitting Bug Reports

A Support/Update service contract is not required to submit bug reports. If you believe you have
found a bug, please let us know so that we can fix it and deliver a better product. Sandstorm provides a
web form at http://www.sandstorm.net/support for convenient submission of bug reports.

Before You Contact Sandstorm Technical Support

Before contacting Sandstorm Enterprises Tech Support, please follow these two steps:
Look through Appendix C: Sandtrap Troubleshooting Guide. The Troubleshooting Guide contains a
clear summary of many common problems with Sandtrap and their solutions.
Have the following information readily available:
• Version number of your copy of Sandtrap. See the Help/About button in the main Sandtrap
window.
• What platform you were running Sandtrap on at the time of the problem, including Operating
System version and Service Pack level.
• The brand and model of the modem you were using.
• The CPU speed of the computer that had problems running Sandtrap.
• The amount of RAM in the computer that had problems running Sandtrap.
• Any error messages that Sandtrap displayed at the time the problem occurred (Please try to get
exact wording, as this can indicate the source of the problem).
• Also the Make/Models of any Multi-port and/or Network cards.
• Did Sandtrap work on the same machine prior to this? Did something change?
Save the files sandtrap.log and sandtrap.log.bak (if it exists). Although we may not ask for it right away
(it can be a very large file) we may request that you send it to us later for debugging purposes.

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Contacting Sandstorm Technical Support
On the web: Go to http://www.sandstorm.net/support. The technical support web page contains an
automated system for asking technical questions and submitting bug reports.
By email: Send email to [email protected].
By phone: You can reach Sandstorm Enterprises at (617) 426-5056. We are generally available to
answer technical support questions between the hours of 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM US Eastern Time (GMT
minus 5:00).

Contacting Sandstorm Sales

For pre-sales assistance, information about future versions of Sandtrap, or to order products from
Sandstorm, you can reach us in three ways:
Email: [email protected]
Telephone: Call us at (617) 426-5056 between 9AM and 5PM US Eastern Time.
Fax: Fax us at (617) 357-6042.
Web: Use our quote form at http://www.sandstorm.net/products/quote/.

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