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CCNA (ROUTING AND SWITCHING

by Akil Nath
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ABOU T T H E AU T HOR
Akil Nath
New Jersey Institute of Technology, Graduate Student
1 1560 13
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6/3/22, 12:15 AM (PDF) CCNA (ROUTING AND SWITCHING | Akil Nath - Academia.edu
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Setting or Changing a Line Password
Router(config)# line console 0

Router (config-line)# password Cisco
Router (config-line)# login
Router (config-line)#exit
 Establishes a new password or change an existing password for the

privileged command level.
TELNET PASSWORD
Router(config)# line vty 0 4
Router (config-line)# password Cisco
Router (config-line)# login
Router (config-line)#exit
Encrypting Passwords
 Encryption prevents the password from being readable in the configuration file.
Router(config)# service password-encryption
 The service password-encryption command is primarily useful for keeping unauthorized

individuals from viewing your password in your configuration file.
PASSWORD BREAKING OR RECOVERY
Step 1:- Restart the router by pressing the power button on and off
System Bootstrap, Version 12.1(3r)T2, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

Copyright (c) 2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
cisco 2811 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x200) with 60416K/5120K bytes of memory
Self decompressing the image :
#################################
Step 2:- Before the self decompressing you should press Ctrl + break (pause break), a new option will be
opened as shown below

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cisco 2811 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x200) with 60416K/5120K bytes of memory
Self decompressing the image :
######################
monitor:
rommon 1 command
> “boot” aborted due to user interrupt
Step 3:- Now we are at Rom mode as it shows rom prompt in the screen.
rommon 1 > confreg 0x2142

rommon 2 > reset
ciscodecompressing
Self 2811 (MPC860)theprocessor
image : (revision 0x200) with 60416K/5120K bytes of memory
##############################
Step 4:- The router will restart automatically once again and will ask Continue with configuration dialog?
[Yes/no]: no and press enter
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Press RETURN to get started!
Router>
Step 5:- Enter into privilege mode and copy the start up configuration
Step 6:- At Present you haven’t saved the settings before restart make it all into default
Router(config)# config-register 0x2102

Router(config)# exit
Router# copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration…
[OK]
Router# reload
ACCESS CONTROL LISTS (ACL)
 Access control lists (ACLs) can be used for two purposes on Cisco devices:
o To filter traffic
o To identify traffic
 Access lists are a set of rules or commands.
 Each rule or line in an access-list provides a condition, either permit or deny.
Types of Access Lists
o Standard IP ACL
o Extended IP ACL
Standard – Permits or denies packets based on source IP address. Valid standard ACL IDs are 1
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
– 99 or a string.
 Extended – Permits or denies packets based on source and destination IP address. Valid extended
te ded p V
ACL IDs are a number from 100 – 199 or a string.
Standard IP Access List
St andard IP access-list s are based u pon th e source host or net wo rk IP address, and should be p laced
closest t o t he destination netw ork.
PARTICULAR PC
access-list [1-99] [permit | deny] host [source address]
In order to block particular host 30.0.0.2 from accessing the 50.0.0.0 network, we would create the
following access-list on Router. (Destination router)

To view all IP access lists configured on the router
Router# show ip access-list
PARTICULAR NETWORK
access-list [1-99] [permit | deny] host [source address] [wildcard mask]
In order to block particular network 30.0.0.0 from accessing the 50.0.0.0 network, we would create the
following access-list on Router. (Destination router)
EXTENDED IP ACCESS LIST
 Extended IP access-lists block based upon the source IP address, destination IP address, and TCP
or UDP port number.
 Extended access-lists should be placed closest to the source network.
access-list [100-199] [permit | deny] [protocol] [source address] [destination address] [port no]
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NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION (NAT)
Private Network
 Private IP network is an IP network that is not directly connected to the Internet.

 Generally, private networks use addresses from the following ฀ experimental address ranges (non-
routable addresses):
o 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
o 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
o 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
DEFINITION
 A public address can be routed on the Internet. Thus, devices that must be Internet-accessible
must be configured with (or reachable by) public addresses.
 A private address is intended for internal use within a home or organization, and can be freely
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used by anyone. However, private addresses can never be routed on the Internet.
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NAT allows a host configured with a private address to be stamped with a public address, thus allowing
that host to communicate across the Internet
that host to communicate across the Internet.
Types of NAT
NAT can be implemented using one of three methods:
Static NAT – performs a static one-to-one translation between two addresses, or between a port on one
address to a port on another address.
Dynamic NAT – utilizes a pool of global addresses to dynamically translate the outbound traffic of
clients behind a NAT-enabled device.
NAT Overload or Port Address Translation (PAT) – translates the outbound traffic of clients to unique
port numbers off of a single global address.
NAT Terminology
Specific terms are used to identify the various NAT addresses:
• Inside Local – the specific IP address assigned to an inside host behind a NAT-enabled device (usually
a private address).
• Inside Global – the address that identifies an inside host to the outside world (usually a public address).
Essentially, this is the dynamically or statically-assigned public address assigned to a private host.
• Outside Global – the address assigned to an outside host (usually a public address).
• Outside Local – the address that identifies an outside host to the inside network.
SYNTAX FOR CONFIGURING STATIC NAT

The first step to configure Static NAT is to identify the inside (usually private) and outside (usually
public) interfaces:
Router (config)# int e0/0
Router (config-if)# ip nat inside
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6/3/22, 12:15 AM (PDF) CCNA (ROUTING AND SWITCHING | Akil Nath - Academia.

CCNA (ROUTING AND SWITCHING

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Setting or Changing a Line Password

Router(config)# line console 0

Router (config-line)# login

 Establishes a new password or change an existing password for the

Router (config-line)# password Cisco

Router (config-line)# login

Router(config)# service password-encryption

 The service password-encryption command is primarily useful for keeping unauthorized

PASSWORD BREAKING OR RECOVERY

System Bootstrap, Version 12.1(3r)T2, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

System Bootstrap, Version 12.1(3r)T2, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

rommon 1 > confreg 0x2142

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Router(config)# config-register 0x2102

ACCESS CONTROL LISTS (ACL)

Types of Access Lists

Standard IP Access List

access-list [1-99] [permit | deny] host [source address]

Router# show ip access-list

access-list [1-99] [permit | deny] host [source address] [wildcard mask]

EXTENDED IP ACCESS LIST

NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION (NAT)

 Private IP network is an IP network that is not directly connected to the Internet.

NAT can be implemented using one of three methods:

Specific terms are used to identify the various NAT addresses:

SYNTAX FOR CONFIGURING STATIC NAT

Router (config)# int e0/0

Router (config-if)# ip nat inside

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