cE-o

@Y Khulna University of Enginaering & Technology

Department of Civil Engineering
B. Sc. Engineering 2d Year 1't Term Rcgular Examination, 2012
cE 2111
(Meehanics of Solids l)

Full Merks: 210 Time: 3 hrs

N.B. i) Answer any three quegtions from each raction ln ecparete seript
ii) Figunas in the right margln indietc full merks.
iii ) Assume reagonable valuc fur any missing data.

Sectlon -A
1. (a) Define the folloring tcrme which ars ueed to indicate the propErties of mild (1s)
steel: (i) Ductlllty (ii) Proportional limit (ii) Toughnecs (iv) Permancnt set €t
and (v) Strain herdening ts
-
cr&
(w Drar tha comparative etreso-strain dlagrems for different meterials sueh as (05)
€&
high carbon eteel, cest iron, concreta, aluminum and mild steel.
shovun in figure
ffi
(c) A bar of stcel and a bar of aluminum have tha dlrnanEisne (1 5) re
Gg
below. Calculate the magnltude of the Force P thet will eause thc total length ol rrts
the two bers to decrc.r. 0.010 in. Aatums thdthe nsrmal strsEg distribution
ovar all croge-gections of both bam ir uniform erd that the bars are prevented
c- p
C' El
t-
b from buckling sidewisc. Plot th€ exial daformrtlon diagram. Let E.- =30x106 GF
c- 'i,
psi and f,, = I () x 106 psi. w
rl
x
ffiE
F
E€
i,
a
et l2' 2"x2" Stasl brr
-l
E
u,
ri
l| l5'
{"x4" Alumlnum brr
-{

2. (a) A round bar of length L tapers unifomly from a diametar D at one end to a (08)
smaller diameter d at ths other. Determine thc elongation caueed by an axial
tensile lqgC P.

w A rectangular bar 500 mm long and 100 mm x 50 mm in cross-section is (10)

subjected to forces as shown in ftgure. \Afhat is the change in the volume af rhe
bar? Teke modulus of elasticity of the bar matcrial as 200 6Pa and poisson's
ratio as 0.25.

Paga 1 af 4

nltlnl( ounrnGrnr
 3{}0 kN

*r{

'# !l&lnrn
A rigid bar of nagliglblo rreigfr-isaupported aa shwr in figuru bclmrr. lf W= 80 ( 17)
kN, compute the
to be 55 MPa. Aseumc. coefficiente. of linear r are 11.7
1ml(m." C'\fon etee! and 18.9 ptl(m!' (.')for bronee.

&
Brorue
L.3 nt
A o tffi! ms*a
m,
A-Effimm'
d
l*r
@
ffi
Er836Pa E r 200 GFe 8.ff
st
Er."3r
w
ffi
@
q{
ffi
rsm €
qEd
ffi
*{
ffi shovr that the stress in a thin-wallad spherical shell of diameter D and wall (15) F
ffi ,*4
thickness t subjeeted to intomal pruuurno pi* given by o =
ru
tfr:|l ff
.B&s
(b/A pipa carrying strc.m st 3.5 MPa hae en outside dlemebr of 4s0 mm end a
ffi well thickncce of 10 mm. A grkct is insertad be&*en thc fiange at one end of
(20)

"*E t./ thc pipo and e tlet plds ulcd to cap th. cnd. Haw many 40 mm_dlg3ndgr.botts
@ must ba uoed to hold ths cap on f tha clloureble etred
w, bt&E-q9-!6e&-
*l of whic\.QMPa le thc lnltlrl gtraec? I6,lhat is dsrreloped
h
*{
in the plpc?n9hy is it nmtcary to tighten i
the steem pfiEraure
snd happen if
ceusG tha strass ln the boltt to b* twie the valua of
the in'llEfrFeee?
4. (a) Define pitctt, eiza of tha wald and thrcEt thicknege. Whel are the advantagcs (10)
and disadvantages of uoldlng ovcr rlvefing?
(b) A 100 mm X 10 mrn pleta to to ba wetdcd to anothcr plate 1s0 mm x 10 mm by (12)
fillet wdd cf 6 mrn etaG on threa.sldes as shown in llgure. Determine the
neoessary overtap of tte plete. Take alloweble stresees in the plate as 140
MPa and alloqaeble steas in ths rcld ae 100 Mpa.

(c) The thin-untled section ahown in frgure balorv concicte of c cennicirculer ring of (13)
mean radius r and tws ebaight picoos of length r. show tha{ thc shear centar
is
, = (+)," + 3) to tho rsft or o.
ti

Page 2 of 4

REllrrr DUnrnorn?
 gestrsn * B

5. (a) A portion of the floor plan of a c€rtain building is shfiwn in figure belor*. The (?0)
total loading (inclrding live and daed laede) -in eeeh bey is eleo eirown.
Determine the siz€ of the seetion cf thr beasir (B-2) if the allowable flexural
stress is 120 MPa. Aseur"ne the besmg ere adetluately bracecl and the depth ffiiF
of the cross'egction is 1.5 times of tha width. w
dE

e&t-li1
.{.gE 7*"'7 idr

Y
g,-l
IS klrllm 15 kNtn' 9 kN/m' l5 kN/m: 1$ kN/mr fQ
*w
E-3 B-2 B-l E-2 B-3 @rs
ss:a*
7nn
ffi}
G-l r,g€
€? $tnir Well 2m
4s;r
H
4*!
t-Er
eli a ,{ a ,a E .s v---7 YZ-7- €ffi
ffiC
t-- ,

x
td

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The overhanging beam of channel sedion as shown in figure below is made
Wall h*.
d@
x{
(1s)
ffi
r&s of cast iron. For ufiich the
rns ail(,Hraote
allowable $reSEES
stresras AfB
a Or, =461 Mpe and
. 9;"100
@ Mpa Determine rhe maximurn unoo*,r-aoffi#HFJ;fff ,-
-"{ supported.
ffi
w *a-*
l0 mm 20 snm
.v--.*
-l
F
*{ w N/nr
T lzol} :ru'u

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6. (a) A beam is loaded so that the moment diagram for it varies as shown in the (20)
figure below.
9lFldlhe-,.exflnurn rongitudinar shearing force in rhe % rn
diameter bolis spaced 12 in. aparl. (b) Find the maximlrm shearing stress
in
the glued 1oint.

Pege 3 r.i{

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Momtnt Diagrent

The cros6 section of a baem is an isosceles trim;6te with vertex

uppermost, of (15)

b. lf V
h and basc is the v*t*rt-+heaJ' show that the maximum
aititutit,
\-e--lk\c;-l 5\-'"lo
slinai'irrg slress
-il'
is ;'l; toceieo al ttie nritipotrrt of the alti!lrrle'

point rrf itrflecticrn? 165+02)

,' {a*,i,ne slrea,f iorce attd henciing l:|,.:i.iig!lt. !\j:]at ir the
{' , ---rr-- *--,,-n,ir ,,6'.pamc r,rr framo crrnrn n in
an{-l$ldlS$-rcry$-ge-gGll!9:Qi[rafe.$51511 ficLtre: (28)
{li) Draw snear force
it ---!--.
if any
UeroW. lofate the pqint of contra'flexure
,ffi
Y9Ca+ t6S
fiffi
a. :s,it
6"8
ry,{j
ree
T tffi
l, {}-:.;a
E*&
I
@
a#
.El-T
&B': I ffi
GSJ
It*-
6ew at tlre -.irpport$ allc rragnitr:ce cif shear force' a:tial lorcc'
(:0) ffi
*S
,q I (a) Find tite rrr:.iction
t--: d
ffi s:rri lr:r',iii,.j r1lcii:ii1(s;:r 5t'r!.:l:'a-: r\{ r re {rl(ilt'ghlrlln in figrtt(r:xlll;'"" d;is
dFa IE4
ru
4!
*JJ ?KN
ffi
ex;{ 1.5 nt

ffi
ffi
*4
2kN

q&
64@
2.5 m
ry

given shear (15)

(b) f)ravr the mclrnent and lead diellra'ns eorresponding to the
diagram shown below.
v10 20Curve
(kN
t
I
x (nri

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A citc*l;:r ste*i raii ABCD of rJiff*i"ertt crrss *esti*ns i$ i1ail*$ as $i'iryin ifi lh* {14't
figur* Find ihe maxi,"num $ir"ass irdil.eC in ihe r*d &*cl ils rJeior*?ati+y: "l ,:*e ff.
* )i!1 C,Etn
rl{}"'n*i qt

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ril N*r;tra! Flarir* anrJ l'.ler,trai axis
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 eE- @
Khulna LJniversity of Engineering ;i Technology
v
Department of tlivil Engineering
B. $c. Engineerin g z"d year 1"i Term Rogular Examinaticn, 200g
rs CE ?,' 1.i
,(Mechanics of .Iioiic's - l)

Full tt4arks. 210 Time: 3 hrs

M.B. i) Answer any thi'ee qu'estrons from each section rn separate scripri
ii) Figures rn the nght margin indicate iuil r:iariis

$ection - p\

€#
(a) Define strain energy. proof resilience and toughnese . ffi
ffi
fiZ) 6ir
(b) The comBosite bar shown ifi figure heloiv i$ i'trmiy attacrre$ tc unyleldlng (13) EEE
IB
suppotts, An axiai force P is appliecl at 60 0F, The aliovyahle stress in steei ancj
ft
*w
aluminium is 6 ksi and'16.5 ksi respectivcly comoute the force p if the BB
S4ffi
temperature in eacn material rs rncrea$ect to 120 0F. Assume d = 6 5 x 10-6 ffi
ffi in/in.0F foi'steel ancl 12.8 X 10'6 in/in.0F for al'.rmhiirm. q
i-E ffi
bil
ffi
x6
A=3trtr,E=2gXlo6psr
A=2inz,E=10X106pii q
F
@
*ffi
Bd
dr
ffi
*-*
#
w
rgg
h
-l
2. (a) For the following riveted 1oint, find out the maximum size of rivet if the allowable (17)
sheaflng stress tn the iivet is 1000 Kg/c,.n2

30 crn I

12t
\l
I

10 cm

--1.
'l s crn 'l g
-k--*-*--st-
"*1
nlllnl( DllnTnG"nr
 find thc size of weld so that
(b) [:or the welded connection as shown in figure hek:w,
allov/aple strcss ln the weld
the load carried safely with a factor of safety 2. TaKe
as 1025 K.glcmz.

€
t-
b

3. Draw shear force and bending moment diagram

for the striicture shown in figure (35)
ffi
below. Locate the polnt ol contra-flexure tf any ,E
ret
SC)KN *
E

ct
20Kt.l
25KN.m
2m -l
e)
r 2m 2m v,
..{
f*
rd
\,nn*, -/

with vertex uonernrost oi (17)

4. (a) The cross-section of a beam is an isosceles triangle
$RoW ti'iat tne maximum shearing
Alt[Ude h end base b. lf V is tne venical shear,
stress ts 3V/bh located at the midpoint of the altitude

it vari*r-r as shown in fiQL:re (18)

(t]) A beam is loaded so that tlre nroment diagrarn fr-'i-

helow'FindtRemaxlmum$hearingstres$intheqlueijJ0lll!.

% in. bolts

Glued icint

0 u Ic 1{ p lrGr0 srA?
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iai Ssilvr tiie sire:s"siratfi citnglerl iat liin fi:iici'v;rti; rnaieri;iil t

ir) Htrjn carDon $ieiil

iii) ]\'{ilcl steti

iilli c0l':ci"sirl
iil) Tyn: Darg iiri? "lr: :iti+;<:::ilil.li r"ri;:i,l:,,; litll i;Cil'r iiitli,Jr'; i
li) oii ciil fiOlri C'1
(;f :' ln trrf(ri.;iJilolii
cofi$Ignt lnla:kii$s$ ,Jl 1 ln i*iil A i3 iii nlv(; tr i:(iili,i(lr:l tfit:ilrr
its *rrtire i*fi$n il$r P, ii; ti..r i:u.i rr r 'r.licje i;i ii;ll 1il(r ijl'i\) i ii1 *-iijtt ill 1l:t: l.ri:ilcni
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both Liers.*^,,tli *ireiclt Iil* l,;:ltlit ar}ir.ri.iili. i!:'ril:'irr,'i i;iir \"Jti:ilil t-tl
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BT Dilitrfnin* tl'1,* rr-'r*.rimitril iiiienrai i-i:"(:t$i"li0 1i"ri.',i C*l [r* lliriri]tJ:i lftC itlt"t;iluCtttal ffi
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ffi !.',1 r

llq!,"* '**i)\il wa$ l'lad*iJ in ih€ lilb0i.ttf;r"l ir": Pillii i:0ll(Jln*

'*0neiln! ifirk iiaio
i*"*
.e-5 aiOUn*;: iioti;i"ltttnl neUtr*i axig $lruin in(;;:$'':r*mttrl rth*wi:ij ihai tir* lup fii:cts
6f$ CilniiA0ted 0.filti3 n iiil ltfll'?rtu$ins;:'!,. i1s *aiilrn fi)e!''3 eiOi"iflAiod l.]
0lliS in liri
*t{
lOngitUd!naiiv DetUrfitli* llre lot*i rl#lriifri i{:ic'.r irl i;i'':r*1:it *lii:lt
aiJuJ l::t tnt''
&B
**t *hafi*d al$e indic*i*c lf i tns fci]ie iii li:e ii.i10 ti'lt 'iiraiir t"lfiasr'lr0meni; w$Iil
tHl rri';,J,: [ " 3C ]:.',.jr 1-'g;.
iml .*.t i-.
i*41 'l
:h" I !-
i"-{ i i
lt"tl

ib) A 3 $ ni long overhariglrig lrtitber" i;ir':arir A0 rl'rili ;i ?'f il s!;air AS rs i* i:e

te$igt.1oc, ls $liilnolt irie di$iriblJtec alifl corcerii:atef
ir0fi$ inowrr i{n*Yrn0 th*
t r! f\.r ! r:$li
iimi:ur ai 90 mm ai:t*el rr;i<jih iryiil a 1? ir{}l ail':v"lul(l slrlss:$
a+^tla 'ii ':ii iie n*i){11.
c*lernlrn* ins mlnli.ni.ll",1 reqLitrect

OIIINT PHNTfiT?'IT
 I0 , i0:'ll;:
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i,il'.]
-$ Kfi/m 'i
T* -*:l
1/r\
tl
Lt/|
1,' ./ t
t // I
I

\r t'
r-_i i

7, (a) Ihe mcmerrt d;tgtam for b*am sut:pcirlctl at A a:"ri i3 is ;t* shnwn in frgurt: {15)
be,c'vf t"j*w t$ thts r)eam lofrdsd?
+500 K-ti iV'erlex;

\a

&
&
b

1 l-I
AarA
!;l ii
ffi
sq
11

-?i4*"- -.*,,
I I

it)) Dlnw sleer lorco and L:enci;ng rrio;riilnl drarJr-rm.ci ilrt ii;a fr;*lt:c si-r*v;n tn figur* i)(:t re
rficst
lds
b0i0w. ffi
,r*{
U
r- €n
hE €rt
ffi *"{
x
*u
B
5l
il
ras
€g
rlt{
11ffi
iat
i -'-l
irx
i "-l
l**l 8. i.aj Degvs the rslali*n bct.,veen longiiu,Jin;rl utr$ris an<j lfl:Ki:nttal etress for a tt"iin- {i2,\
lml
Ica I lvallfa ilre$*urf; vess0l.
i""41
lEe I lD) if the vc(icni t hi*r r:n llto $r$ti.Jn $iicvir'r gci(j"y is ii)0* I'1. liit ri;lrl;t a sheal {I,:}\,v i?3)
i*"ll
dia{:}ri:m ancJ l$oato ins $Il$ar c*nt*r.
'ryI
, St rt:i'rt

'l a l'r
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w ,,-^"
!, r,

ilulgr pHnr0srtlT f'1-.1.1 , ' :

 ffi
Khulna University af Engrn+ering & Tschnot#Sy

8. $c^ Hngineering Z'n year 1# semester Rfruhr [:rafiination, Zt]08

sH a,I01
iV**h*ni** *f $*tids-t)

Fuil t*arl$:21CI Time: 3 nrs

H,B, i) Anrwor any tfirse qusiltion$ ftam aatlt ser:tion in sqparstn $crlpt
itt Figuras in lho righi ilnargin inCical* f*il nrerks.

*ms.t*{-r*
i6i Oefine $ires*. $ira,n, $tre.** ai *r P*irrl arid -*ha*r t*ic*. { iu,l
(b) Draw $tress-$tr*iin di*gran fcrr mlid st**l & csn*rste rnd .lhnw & nams* all
imp*rt;rnt pr:in{s on th{,} di#firrifi
(1CI)
er
ffi
trn
td! comp?te tha rn*xirnurrr f*rce ft ttiat rnn he uppll*d try ih* m.rchin* op+rator i{ (1s}

xffi
the *hoaring elrea* in the pin *1 "if'6n{t th., exisl etr*vj$ in the *onir*l r$d ,e'
ere limitad io 400CI psi *nd ssO& psi, re*pectiveiy. l"he diameters are *.2$ ineh
f*r the pin, and 0.$0 ir:eh f*r {h* c€ritrcl rsd. Assurna $,ngio $hear for th* pin at
'8,, ro
*
d-
ffi.
€ru
*l
tts
*t
Cr,
f;
H
*{
}I
*t
"1,
rFq
re
#s,
ie*"f
orily the shear torce flnd h$nding riorflsnt disgrams f'sr th* l$ading strusture t3s)
i;ffi $h*wn in figure h*low. Locete the pcint *f contra-fiexure il any.
lrW
!; *t 30 KN/rr 5i}KN

i; xn IO KN
i:-t
ild I
lenl' It ii]\
I
ipt "".1 I

r J rllijlg I.li- --r

itri I

3' ia) Derivs an expression for th* *hearing siress distribuii+n in a triangular cross-
' seetion carrying can$tant $hear V wih rts base remainifig l}srironial as shcwn
{15}

in tigure Al*o find lhe psfiition xnd the magnitude o{ the maximurir *hearing
*kess in such a sEetior.
n -i-

/'t\ i,
i
r'- \ l'
-*"".,r" -L
I t.
t,
f---.,.**,.,i

nfllltlf nttrt,raa,rnl''
 A 1d rdr fi7 b*arri r;tsys#$nt:, a ur*l*wviy di,sttttstir:d load #f * kip* p*r fr:ot' izi))
(bl
in*.,a,ngftssl./nweish,a$.$n0v,tti'rlis,Jrs.0aiorti;latheyea*1estr&e$s$
thas*
;il ;- the elstnents at A *nd B- lf bencin$ siresees al$n ac1 on
elements. deiermine thcse'

i.--,;,-r,Y..,." 1A;T;:
[*
I

*"1 ib; i"i*;:' *$ 5s lnl'

't4 $JF SIr: 1l*mir:et $xc: 1/, in' X 14'S rn': fJ*i;ht I f**z:
Flang* thicknEss: $'S{,lS insh: Web
Depth I 14.00 inch; Flange Mrilh: 14'5 itlfhl
{
::^,, 1 !:!i. l i ii!', 7,', !'
@
incli: j'.,-, , {; {i i na,
{;t.'i

ffi
.1-

thlcknec* ;$.4? 115

i.
trB
ffi
4. {ai h br**k*-, caneistingraf x T-?;ri*Ii*ii i* r;rsru^t*t:.,td
{l th'? fl:1:1f,,Y"}j-?* {'24} r**
h#
irl ** *tj5f'tiic;iy ;'i cilf i"lna
cslun1il. The brgek*i eatriss fr lsild $f i*'ii{]tr'Jb
*rffi
rfu
q
lhtlcizer:f|l'evl*1*r(}titjiit,dit:,tri|\l*tii*.;i'.}l,,lii,ire{il,ItYiili:ihir;g.iressinlh+ w
weid iu 120rJ x?,!em?. -*,1
€3 ffi
gt*
*- 2t) t
ffi
ffi "r{
*H
str I
I Ht
*t; I

tFl I
rfu
&
r*{
i'e p
belnw' delermine th* sltow*ble lsad if ths
(15)
I r*e Far the rivet*d c,*nneciion in figurs
l*t tb)
shearing slrilrs in thr:25nm ri'ret* i* limit*d
to 150 MPa'
:F
l*{
1kri,
i*{l
iffil
icnl
i.*{l
i#l
i*{ I

tryl

SesllssrS

S.iaiArectan$ularpieceo{wogcl.s0lrnhyl0ff.ffimincrogsgectr*ri,isusedts*,t12}
cornpressi*nblacta**lwwrlinf;gur*s*t*rnilnalh*m*ximumaxiaJfart:oF
rr-'i'*k ii iti* cctilrpiessivti sir#x* in th* w**d
v*hich Caft Lie *aieiy ;ippijeri la iii*
the rh,;*rins $ii'rr;s fr ri*'i:'*i t* ths gri in ir ijmited
ls *
is limited ro zs iriFh nnd
MFa.Thegrxinmakes;lli*ngic,ri.1**vl\lhihilhoriz$niil|,99,:h*wn.

ftrUI8K PHNTfiSTIIT 9n*$ t qf I

 ffi
l

(c) A pipe carrying $tea,'n at $.5 MIra has *r

outside diamfier 0f 4ri0 rlm and a
warl thicknes$ of 10 mm, A {?;i}
is insert*,<J betweqn the tianlle at one
CIl the p;pe g*d s fi*i
*nd
'a*k*it6 *ap th* tirrrcl. l.iow ntarty 4* fi:fi iiiam*i*t
Fllai.o \t$erJ
bofls must bs us*d {o r*lc the c*p
on ir tn* all*wable $tre$s in ths br*$ j$
fuiPa, of which SS Mila is the inrtisi s0
slres$? Vt'fuat crrcurnfer$ritieri elre$$ ,s
d#velop*d ifi the pipe? vYhat wr,, happsn
it tn* si#am pr*u*u* *iioutff .*ir.r.E6
tha slra*e in the brlt.t to he iwi*e th$ yaiue
rf th* initiel *tr*ss?
d&r
,w
C &
kl*
ffi
te) wrrai are the ass*rrrpirorr$ ru derivr*
th*r Bexrirai s;irsus furrnuia,i ffi
t{)5} ftffi
{h) gray cs$t ir*n *h*n"\t:' $ftap*d
m*rnb*r, {}s shown i, figur*, iacr* a9 Frqr:
^horiaoniei iream in q flrs*hifie. when veitiear il i'i 5)
fr:rces uur* appii*d t$ thi$ @!*e
E
mernber' tho disianr,s AB increase* by ery
0.001ft ineh and rh* riistanss 6D ;#
decrease by 0.00$ inen. what i* ttre
ssns* st lh* appried fiiorne,rr and wnat frp
normal slrssses occur ifl th* ertreme
ffi
*
fibers? f;_15XtOB psi
-l
es
frail
ffi* va

,
e$
ffi
%r
ffi
W
Y/*1
{e,./l
Y?'A
Wt
{/,/)
V/}r
,*G
p
rrrd

i;ffi
lXril'I
,!H;
mds
WW $tx{ion
lmcs
i*W ic) A riffiber Lr*arr Afi of span ii.n, arld rrornirurwi*i1
1uil,flnr (efi**i wieiih * (i.sr
in*'*f $0mm1 i* to *uppor{ rhe inree concenirar*ci
ioads *hown. Knowing rhat frr ihs
i* Ha grada of lin:bsr u*eij t.:i,,,,:;l!lej!t,,
&fid rr, **,?Slnilrrt, tjrt*ffiiine thi*
j(E "trtl
1.."t
r minimum requirad deptlr rl of the h*nm.
tEst I
I..{ l
i#a I
i*ll
ffirl
e(hnm
,., -*6-i f6.-*
i
l*^i --+
,
I I I(I
!!*

7' {x} compai* the riral* energi in e*cir cf ih* thie* *reel bars
$h*}!Tr iii figui€ {1?i
b*row. subjocted to rhe condition that the
axierstress in the r*wer pCI{ion of
ih* soconri bar is equar t$ iiiat in ih# rir$i a*ri
rirircr t*,* i _, l,iJffo_

fillttru ounrfi$?n?
 rt

'affi#ru,//./.{4,::*
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I I I A= loo0 Jt
l-ll,.
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)ml I I

I I I
|
,r,-t,rtt
. L
ttt -"r'.

itl
tll
+*
ltt
\- I
i
tp,

(f,) netsnnine tho *h* ion in fig b*!i:w { 1 {',})

&
6ffi
k*;
ffi
ffi
*tr
f[
r5:
ffi
...1
&
x I}. Deiirre ihe {olirriring terms,rvhich are u$ed ls} indiffate properireu ui stt*el: tull ffi
tser
{ai
iluctility, Erirtlenes*, $iYiness, Toughno**, Fermanent sei. ui
*l
ffi
x tb) For tho $truclurel $y$JBm sha*vn tn figuren bolow, plot the shoar
moment M diagrarns.
V ilnri i18) *B
6:l
r*
E

€s
r*f
l'cn
iv,
i "{rl
t&
1q
j*{l llt {i lcrrs
isl !, r a tr. /"1r-..,,1\
t.+i* rilr iLt.rlii

iHl ic) Drfivr nrcrner;t & lOarJ diugr*ms mrre"'i;:onding'lo iir+ givtlt sil'rat eiiilg:am. {12}
!xx I
i*-{l
Lry]

--;-**3**i*i*.-.*-*-*pi'*+*}**l-

Ili*fr,, ;t iii x
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