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    U3 Relative Clauses JITT

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    Ericka Lisseth Palma Peraza
    The document discusses two types of relative clauses: 1. Defining relative clauses provide essential information about a noun and cannot be removed from the sentence without changing the meaning. They use who, which, that, or can omit the relative pronoun. 2. Non-defining relative clauses provide extra information about a noun and can be removed without changing the core meaning. They use who, which, whose, where and cannot omit the relative pronoun or use that. Non-defining clauses are separated from the main clause by commas.

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    U3 Relative Clauses JITT

    Uploaded by

    Ericka Lisseth Palma Peraza
    58 views10 pages
    The document discusses two types of relative clauses: 1. Defining relative clauses provide essential information about a noun and cannot be removed from the sentence without changing the meaning. They use who, which, that, or can omit the relative pronoun. 2. Non-defining relative clauses provide extra information about a noun and can be removed without changing the core meaning. They use who, which, whose, where and cannot omit the relative pronoun or use that. Non-defining clauses are separated from the main clause by commas.

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    The document discusses two types of relative clauses: 1. Defining relative clauses provide essential information about a noun and cannot be removed from the sentence without changing the meaning. They use who, which, that, or can omit the relative pronoun. 2. Non-defining relative clauses provide extra information about a noun and can be removed without changing the core meaning. They use who, which, whose, where and cannot omit the relative pronoun or use that. Non-defining clauses are separated from the main clause by commas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views10 pages

    U3 Relative Clauses JITT

    Uploaded by

    Ericka Lisseth Palma Peraza
    The document discusses two types of relative clauses: 1. Defining relative clauses provide essential information about a noun and cannot be removed from the sentence without changing the meaning. They use who, which, that, or can omit the relative pronoun. 2. Non-defining relative clauses provide extra information about a noun and can be removed without changing the core meaning. They use who, which, whose, where and cannot omit the relative pronoun or use that. Non-defining clauses are separated from the main clause by commas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    Relative clauses

    Defining and Non-defining

    Llengua estrangera per a l’ensenyament: anglès


    Original ppt by Neus Frigolé
    Relative clauses

    • Two types:
    • defining relative clauses: give essential information to understand the
    sentence. We need the relative to understand the sentence.

    • non-defining relative clauses: give EXTRA information. If we remove the


    relative clause, the sentence still makes sense.
    Non-defining relative clauses

    Look at this sentence:


    My grandfather, who is 87, goes swimming every day.

    ‘who is 87’ is a non-defining relative clause.


    It adds extra information to the sentence. If we take the clause out of
    the sentence, the sentence still has the same meaning.

    Look at some more examples:


    The film, which stars Tom Carter, is released on Friday.
    My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in Hong Kong at the
    moment.
    The car, which can reach speeds of over 300km/ph, costs over $500,000.
    Non-defining relative clauses

    • can use most relative pronouns: who, which, whose, where, etc,) but
    they CAN’T use that and the relative pronoun CAN NEVER be omitted.

    The film, which stars Tom Carter, is released on Friday.


    The film, that stars Tom Carter, is released on Friday.

    • are more often used in written English than in spoken English.

    • You can tell that a clause is non-defining because it is SEPARATED BY


    COMMAS.
    Defining relative clauses

    Look at this sentence:


    The woman who lives next door works in a bank.

    ‘who lives next door’ is a defining relative clause.


    It tells us which woman we are talking about. Without this
    information, we wouldn’t know who the woman is.

    Look at some more examples:


    Look out! There’s the dog that bit my brother.
    The film that we saw last week was awful.
    This is the skirt I bought in the sales.
    Defining relative clauses

    • With defining relative clauses we can use who or that to talk about
    people.
    She’s the woman who cuts my hair.
    She’s the woman that cuts my hair.

    • And we can use which or that to talk about things.


    The dog that bit my brother.
    The dog which bit my brother.
    Defining relative clauses
    • It is also sometimes possible to omit the relative pronoun.
    This is the skirt that I bought in the sales.
    This is the skirt which I bought in the sales.
    This is the skirt I bought in the sales.
    In this sentence ‘skirt’ is the object of the verb (buy). ‘I’ is the subject.

    When the relative pronoun is the object, it can be omitted.

    Look at some more examples:


    The film we saw last week was awful. The film THAT we saw last week was awful.
    The friend I was travelling with spoke French. The friend WHO I was travelling with
    spoke French
    Defining or non-defining?

    • Remember that defining relative clauses are used to add


    important information. The sentence would have a different
    meaning without the defining relative clause.
    I’m going to wear the skirt that I bought in London.
    The defining relative clause tells us which skirt.

    • The skirt, which is a lovely dark blue colour, only cost £10.
    The non-defining relative clause doesn’t tell us which skirt –
    it gives us more information about the skirt.
    - Join the following pair of sentences to make one single sentence.
    - Say which sentences are defining and which non-defining.
    - Once you have joined them, decide in which sentences you can omit the relative
    pronoun and in which you can’t. Think about the reasons why it CAN’T be
    omitted.
    - Check the answers on the following slide.
    ANSWER KEY

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