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    This document discusses stress concentrations and impact loading. It explains that stress is not uniformly distributed in parts with notches, holes, or abrupt geometric changes, leading to higher stresses in these regions called stress concentration regions. Stress concentration factors are used to determine the maximum stress rather than calculating the actual stress distribution. Impact loading produces large forces over a short time period, unlike gradual loading. The impact factor represents how much a static load must be increased to be treated dynamically, and is used to calculate maximum deflection and stress under impact loads.

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    This document discusses stress concentrations and impact loading. It explains that stress is not uniformly distributed in parts with notches, holes, or abrupt geometric changes, leading to higher stresses in these regions called stress concentration regions. Stress concentration factors are used to determine the maximum stress rather than calculating the actual stress distribution. Impact loading produces large forces over a short time period, unlike gradual loading. The impact factor represents how much a static load must be increased to be treated dynamically, and is used to calculate maximum deflection and stress under impact loads.

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    This document discusses stress concentrations and impact loading. It explains that stress is not uniformly distributed in parts with notches, holes, or abrupt geometric changes, leading to higher stresses in these regions called stress concentration regions. Stress concentration factors are used to determine the maximum stress rather than calculating the actual stress distribution. Impact loading produces large forces over a short time period, unlike gradual loading. The impact factor represents how much a static load must be increased to be treated dynamically, and is used to calculate maximum deflection and stress under impact loads.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views8 pages

    15 1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    AamirKhanMohmand
    This document discusses stress concentrations and impact loading. It explains that stress is not uniformly distributed in parts with notches, holes, or abrupt geometric changes, leading to higher stresses in these regions called stress concentration regions. Stress concentration factors are used to determine the maximum stress rather than calculating the actual stress distribution. Impact loading produces large forces over a short time period, unlike gradual loading. The impact factor represents how much a static load must be increased to be treated dynamically, and is used to calculate maximum deflection and stress under impact loads.

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    of 8

    Module 15

    Stress Concentrations

    Dr. Awais Ahmed

    Stress concentration
    ● For axially loaded bars the stress is assumed to be uniformly distributed
    over a cross-section.
    ● Nonuniform/complex stress distribution occurs due to notches, holes,
    grooves, point of application of concentrated loads or other abrupt
    geometrical changes

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 2


    Stress concentrations

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 3

    Stress concentrations

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 4


    Stress concentrations
    ● Stresses are higher in these regions. These are regions are called as
    regions of stress concentrations.

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 5

    Stress concentration factors


    ● In engineering practice, the actual stress distribution need not to be
    determined —> Instead only maximum stress at theses sections must be
    known
    ● This is done using stress concentration factor K

    Stress concentration factors have been determined experimentally

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 6


    Stress concentration factors

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 7

    Design considerations

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 8


    Consequences of stress concentrations
    ● If the material is very brittle
    ○ Proportional limit may be near the fracture stress
    ○ crack begins at the point of stress concentration ( )
    ○ Consequently, high stress concentrations near crack tip
    ○ Crack quickly propagate causing a sudden failure
    Crack near a hole

    ● If material is brittle or subjected


    to fatigue loading then stress
    concentrations are important
    Dr. Awais Ahmed 9

    Consequences of stress concentrations


    ● If the material is ductile
    ○ Stress that exceeds crack will not result in a crack
    ○ Material will have reserve strength due to yielding and strain hardening
    ○ Often not necessary to use stress concentration factors

    yielding near a hole

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 10


    Impact Loading

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 11

    Impact Loading
    ● Up to now, all loading applied to a body in a gradual manner

    ● When one object strikes another, it produces large forces during a short
    period of time
    P

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 12


    Impact Loading
    Conservation of energy requires that
    work done by block’s weight falling from
    height ( ) is equal to

    Work needed to displace the spring by


    an amount

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 13

    Impact Loading

    Solving the quadratic equation

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 14


    Impact Loading
    If the spring is loaded statically with weight W

    Therefore,

    with
    n is called the impact factor
    Dr. Awais Ahmed 15

    Impact Loading
    ● Impact factor represents the magnification of a statically applied load
    so that it can be treated dynamically

    ● It is also defined as the ratio of the dynamic force to the static force

    ● Once impact factor is known, then maximum deflection and stress


    can be calculated as

    Dr. Awais Ahmed 16

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