The Ultimate Question Bank: Dse Chem Mastery

DSE CHEM MASTERY
THE ULTIMATE
QUESTION BANK
Redox Reaction, Chemical Cell & Electrolysis
Mini-Version
1
QUESTION BANK
1.1 Multiple Choice Question
Question 1 12 MCQ 22-01
Which of the following processes involve redox reaction?
(1) mixing ethanoic acid and propanoic acid

(2) mixing chlorine and methane under sunlight
(3) mixing Zn (s) and FeSO4(aq)
A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
What is the oxidation number of S in H₂SO₄?
A. 0
B. +2
C. +4
D. +6
Which of the following statements concerning a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is / are incorrect?
(1) It produces polluting products.

(2) The membrane in it selectively allows hydrogen ions to pass through.
(3) It can continuously produce electricity as long as hydrogen and oxygen are supplied under operating
conditions.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only
2
Which of the following combinations is / are correct?
Object Corresponding corrosion prevention method / principle
(1) aluminium window frames cathodic protection

(2) attaching magnesium under water pipes sacrificial protection
(3) stainless steel utensils alloying
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
When iron and copper are separately immersed in hexane completely,
1st statement 2nd statement
Copper corrodes faster than iron Copper can be oxidized more readily than iron
A. First statement is true and second is statement is false

B. Both statements are true
C. First statement is false, but second statement is true
D. Both statements are false
Consider the following chemical equation:
𝐰𝐌𝐧𝐎" 𝟐" % 𝟐" 𝟐%

𝟒 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝟓𝐒𝐎𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝐱 𝐇 (𝐚𝐪) → 𝐲𝐒𝐎𝟒 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝐳𝐌𝐧 (𝐚𝐪) + +𝟑𝐇𝟐 𝐎(𝐥)
Which of the following is the correct combination of the reaction coefficients y and z?
Y Z
A. 5 2
B. 2 5
C. 5 3
D. 3 5
3
Gallium (Ga) can be obtained from the electrolysis of gallium chloride (GaCl3). Which of the following correctly
describes the oxidation number of gallium in GaCl3, and the electrode at which Ga is produced during the
electrolysis?
Oxidation number of Ga in GaCl3 electrode at which Ga is produced
A. +3 anode
B. +1 cathode
C. +1 anode
D. +3 cathode
Which of the following is/are secondary cell(s)?
(1) Nickel-metal hydride cell

(2) Zinc-carbon cell
(3) Silver oxide cell
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (2) and (3) only
Which of the following methods can be used to obtain calcium from calcium compounds?
A. electrolysis of a molten calcium compound

B. electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a calcium compound
C. heating calcium oxide with carbon
D. heating calcium oxide strongly
4
Which of the following reagents can be used to distinguish between sodium sulphite and sodium sulphate?
(1) Carbon
(2) Acidified potassium dichromate
(3) Iron(III) chloride
A. (1) only
B. (2) and (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only
Which of the following statements concerning an alkaline manganese cell is/ are correct?
(1) It cannot be recharged after used

(2) The voltage falls rapidly
(3) Shelf life is about 3 years
A. (1) only
B. (2) and (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only
5
The diagram below shows the set-up of an experiment:
Which of the following methods may light up the light bulb?
(1) heating the calcium bromide powder until molten

(2) adding deionised water to the calcium bromide powder
(3) replacing the calcium bromide powder with bromine liquid
A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
The diagram below shows a set-up in which lead is being plated on a spoon:
Which of the following statements concerning the above set-ups is correct?
A. Q can be lead (II) sulphate

B. M must be lead
C. The spoon is connected to the negative pole of the battery
D. Electrons flow from M to the spoon through the solution
6
An electrolysis experiment is conducted using the set-up below:
What are the expected colors around X and Y after the experiment has been conducted for some time?
X Y
A. colorless pink
B. Red green
C. yellow red
D. Red yellow
After a period of time, the concentration of K2Cr2O7(aq) drops to 0.48 M. What is the concentration of FeSO4(aq)
at that time?
A. 0.28M
B. 0.20M
C. 0.33M
D. 0.38M
7
An aqueous solution of manganese(IV)oxide turns green with time due to the following reaction:
MnO& (aq) + 4HCl(aq) → MnCl& (aq) + Cl& (g) + 2H& O(l)

Which of the following statements concerning the above reaction is/are correct?
(1) Cl- is oxidised by MnO2

(2) MnO2 is reduced by HCl
(3) The green colour is due to the MnCl2 formed
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1) and (3) only
Which of the following processes would NOT give oxygen?
A. Electrolysis of dilute nitric acid

B. Fractional distillation of liquefied air
C. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
D. Passing steam over heated magnesium
In which of the following compounds does carbon have the highest oxidation number?
A. CO2
B. CO
C. CH4
D. CH2Cl2
8
Gas X is bubbled steadily into solution Y as shown in the diagram below:
In which of the following combinations would NOT have a visible change in solution Y?
Gas X Solution Y
A. Cl2 (g) KI(aq)

B. SO2(g) FeSO4(aq)
C. O2(g) Fe(NO3)2(aq)
D. SO2 (g) acidified KMnO4 (aq)
Which of the following is not a redox reaction?
A. H2SO4 (l) +NaBr(aq) → Br& (g) + SO& (g) + 2H& O(l)

B. H2SO4 (l) +8HI(g) → 4I& (s) + H& S(g) + 4H& O(l)
C. 2HBr(aq) + Cl& (g) → 2HCl(aq) + Br& (aq)
D. AgNO3 (aq) +NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO' (aq)
9
The diagram below shows the set-up used in an electroplating experiment involving four iron rods:
On which of the following iron rods would hydrogen gas be produced?
A. Rod I
B. Rod II
C. Rod III
D. Rod IV
In which of the following cases would the iron nail corrode fastest?
10
Which of the following statements concerning the fuel cell below that can form water is CORRECT?
A. It is a primary cell.
B. Ni does not acts as a catalyst.
C. X cannot be obtained from fractional distillation of liquid air.
D. The equation for the change at electrode B is : 4OH" → 2H& O + O& + 4e"
Consider the following electrolytic cells:
What would happen during electrolysis?
A. Hydrogen forms around A.

B. Chlorine forms around B.
C. Iron is oxidized around C.
D. Iron(II) ions form around D.
11
Which of the following processes would produce metal?
A. Heating zinc oxide with carbon

B. Decomposition of calcium carbonate
C. Electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride
D. Reacting zinc with sodium hydroxide
The set-up of an experiment is shown below
What can be observed after the circuit is closed for a period of time ?
A. If X is dilute HCl, a purple patch migrates towards P.

B. If X is dilute HCl, an orange patch migrates towards Q.
C. If X is methanol, a purple patch migrates towards P.
D. If X is methanol, an orange patch migrates towards Q.
Which of the following methods can slow down the corrosion of an iron-made object?
(1) Connect it to a piece of tin

(2) Plate a layer of copper coating completely onto its surface.
(3) Connect it to the anode of a chemical cell.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
12
Consider the following chemical cell:
Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) The pH of the solution in compartment A increases gradually

(2) Hydrogen gas in compartment B acts as a reducing agent.
(3) Oxidation occurs at anode.
A. (1) only
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
Sr is an element in Group II of the Periodic Table and can form Sr2+ ion. Which of the following statements are
correct?
(1) The change from Sr2+ ion to Sr atom is a reduction

(2) Both Sr atom and Sr2+ ion have the same number of protons.
(3) Both Sr atom and Sr2+ ion have the same number of occupied electron shells.
A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
13
Which of the following statements concerning hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is correct?
A. Electrons move from cathode to anode

B. Reduction occurs at anode.
C. Oxygen gas is passed to the cathode.
D. Hydrogen gas is reduced.
Consider the following chemical equation:
𝐱𝐇% + 𝟑𝐇𝟐 𝐎𝟐 + 𝐂𝐫𝟐 𝐎𝟐"

𝟕 → 𝐳𝐎𝟐 + 𝐲𝐂𝐫
𝟑%
+ 𝟕𝐇𝟐 𝐎
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x y z
A. 8 2 3
B. 6 2 2
C. 8 3 3
D. 6 3 3
Which of the following processes does NOT involve oxidation and reduction?
A. Rusting of Iron
B. Removing rust using white vinegar
C. Combusting gasoline to provide fuel for airplanes
D. Respiration
Which of the following is NOT a redox reaction?
A. CH) (g) + 2O& (g) → CO& (g) + 2H& O (l)

B. CaCO' (s) + SiO& (s) → CaSiO' (s) + CO& (g)
C. 2𝐾(𝑠) + 2𝐻& 𝑂(𝑙) → 2𝐾𝑂𝐻(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻& (𝑔)
D. Zn(s) + H& O(g) → ZnO(s) + H& (g)
14
Which of the following statements concerning zinc and calcium is incorrect?
A. Zinc and calcium are both ductile

B. Iron corrodes more readily than calcium.
C. Both can form ions with oxidation number of +2
D. Both are solid at room temperature.
Consider the following reaction:

𝟐𝐇𝐂𝐥(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐙𝐧(𝐬) → 𝐙𝐧𝐂𝐥𝟐 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝐇𝟐 (𝐠)
Which of the following statements is / are incorrect?
(1) The oxidation number of Cl in HCl decreases

(2) Only covalent bonds are broken and formed.
(3) pH decreases.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
15
1.2 Long Question
Question 1 12 LQ 03-01
Consider the information concerning the lemon cells shown in the diagrams below:
a) What is the function of the lemons in these cells?
(1 mark)
b) By completing the table below, arrange metal X, metal Y and copper in increasing order of reducing power
➝ Reducing power increasing ➝
(1 mark)
16
c) For V, write the half equation for the change that occurs at:
i) Metal X strip (X have +2 charge), and
ii) Copper strip.
(2 marks)
d) For Cell 2, would the metal Y strip be the positive electrode if the copper strip is replaced with a Zinc strip?
Explain your answer.
(1 mark)
17
In order to prepare 45 dm3 of 0.015 M Ag2SO4(aq), an inexperienced electroplating worker added the required
exact amount of Ag2SO4 5H2O(s) to water in a plastic container. He then stirred the mixture with an iron rod until
the Ag2SO4 5H2O(s) dissolved completely. Finally, he sent a sample of the solution to the Quality Control Laboratory
for analysis, but found that the concentration of Ag2SO4(aq) was lower than 0.015 M.
a) With the aid of a chemical equation, explain why the concentration of the Ag2SO4 (aq) prepared was lower
than 0.015 M.
(2 marks)
b) The worker used the prepared Ag2SO4 (aq) to coat a layer of copper on a metallic object by electrolysis. He
used an unreasonably high voltage and found that some bubbles were formed on the object and the silver
layer easily flaked off.
i) Explain why silver can be coated on the metallic object by electrolysis.
ii) Suggest what bubbles were and explain why the silver coating is easily flaked off.
(3 marks)
18
c) Draw a labelled diagram of the experimental set-up used in a laboratory for coating a layer of silver on a
metallic object.
(3 marks)
19
The diagram below shows the set-up used in an investigation on the electrolysis of concentrated potassium chloride
solution:
a) State and explain the expected observation around carbon electrode A during the electrolysis.
(2 marks)
b) The solution near carbon electrode B gradually turned blue.
i) Explain this observation.
ii) Would there be any change in observation if carbon electrode B is replaced by a copper electrode in
the investigation? Explain.
(3 marks)
20
The diagram below shows the structure of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell using concentrated sodium hydroxide
solution as the electrolyte.
a) An oxygen cylinder can be used to provide oxygen for the above fuel cell. From the hazard warning labels
shown below, circle the label that should be displayed on the oxygen cylinder.
(1 mark)
b) Write the half equation for the change occurring at each of the following electrodes when this fuel cell is
producing a current.
i) electrode D
ii) electrode E
(2 marks)
21
c) Some ppeople have the view that cars powered by hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells are more environmentally
friendly than those powered by petrol. Comment on this view from each of the following aspects:
i) Source of fuel
ii) The car emissions.
(2 marks)
22
Consider each of the experiments below and answer the questions that follow.
d) Dilute potassium hydroxide solution is added to copper (II) sulphate solution
i) State the expected observation.
ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs.
(2 marks)
e) Acidified potassium permanganate solution is added to potassium sulphite solution.
i) State the colour change expected
ii) For the reaction leading to colour change:
1) State the name of the type of reaction, and
2) Write the ionic equation for the reaction.
(3 marks)
23
For each of the following experiments, state the expected observation, and write the chemical equations(s) for the
reaction(s) involved.
a) Passing chlorine gas into potassium bromide solution until in excess.
(2 marks)
b) Adding iron(II) sulphate solution to acidified potassium dichromate solution until in excess.
(2 marks)
24
Consider the experimental set-up shown below:
a) In the above experiment, the bulb lights up when the Al2O3(s) becomes molten. (atomic number of Al = 13)
i) State the observation at carbon electrode X
ii) Write a half equation for the change that occurs at carbon electrode Y.
(2 marks)
b) Explain why the experiment should NOT be performed in a fume cupboard.
(1 mark)
c) Zinc-carbon cells are used in the above experiment. The equation below shows the reaction that occurs in
the zinc-carbon cells when the bulb lights up
𝟐𝐌𝐧𝐎𝟐 (𝐬) + 𝟐𝐍𝐇𝟒 𝐂𝐥(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐙𝐧(𝐬) → 𝐌𝐧𝟐 𝐎𝟑 (𝐬) + 𝟐𝐍𝐇𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝐇𝟐 𝐎(𝐥) + 𝐙𝐧𝐂𝐥𝟐 (𝐚𝐪)
i) Deduce in terms of change in oxidation number, the reducing agent in a zinc-carbon cell.
25
ii) Write a half equation for the change that occurs at the anode in a zinc-carbon cell.
(3 marks)
26
The diagram below shows a set-up for the electrolysis of a colorless solution of 1 M KCl (aq) containing
phenolphthalein indicator.
a) State, with explanation, the expected observation around the following electrodes during the electrolysis
i) electrode A
ii) electrode B
(3 marks)
b) Write the equation of the overall reaction in the electrolysis.
(1 mark)
27
c) explain whether there are any changes in the expected observation around the following electrodes during
the electrolysis if 1 M KCl(aq) is replaced with 1 M H2SO4(aq)
i) electrode A
ii) electrode B
(3 marks)
28
Refer to the experimental set-up as shown below.
a) HBr is a strong acid. What is meant by the term 'strong acid'?
(1 mark)
b) When concentrated HBr (aq) is dropped into KMnO4(s), a reddish-brown gas is formed.
i) What is the reddish-brown gas?
ii) Explain whether the reaction forming the reddish-brown gas is a redox reaction.
(2 marks)
29
c) With the aid of an ionic equation, state the expected observation when the reddish-brown gas reaches the
filter paper.
(2 marks)
d) In consideration of laboratory safety, explain where the experiment should be performed.
(1 mark)
30
Electroplating and rust prevention are common applications of electrochemistry.
a) The diagram below shows an incomplete set-up. Add suitable drawings and labels to the diagram for
electroplating of copper onto the knife.
(2 marks)
b) Suggest a method, besides painting or electroplating that can prevent underground iron made pipelines from
rusting. Explain your answer
(2 marks)
31
MARKING SCHEME
2.1 Multiple Choice Question
(1) ✕ No reaction between ethanoic acid and propanoic acid

(2) ✓ When CH4 is mixed with Cl2, the products can be CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and CCl4. Cl2¸is reduced,
its oxidation number changes from 0 to -1, while the oxidation number of Carbon in CH4 changes
from -4 to -3, 0, +2 and +4.
(3) ✓ This is a displacement reaction in which the products are ZnSO4 and Fe. Oxidation number of Zn
increases from 0 to +2 while Fe is reduced from +2 to 0.
§ The SO42- ion has an oxidation number of -2, which means it has 2 excess electrons and each O atom has
an oxidation number of -2. So, oxidation number of S in SO42- can be calculated by n+4(-2) = -2 where n is
the oxidation number of S. Hence, n=+6.
(1) ✕ In a fuel cell, Hydrogen and oxygen react to form water which is non-polluting.
(2) ✕ it allows only OH-(aq) to pass through
(3) ✓ In a conventional cell, there is limited supply of oxidizing and reducing agents making its span of life
limited. While in a fuel cell, the continuous supply of both agents ensures a non-stop production of
electricity.
32
Question 4 12 MCQ 16 - 01
(1) ✕ Aluminium window frames are protected by anodized aluminium’s non-corrosive layer of aluminium
oxide. Cathodic protection helps to prevent large steel objects from rusting, by providing electrons to
iron preventing Fe from becoming Fe2+.
(2) ✓ Iron is less reactive than Magnesium, so it will oxidize before iron. This prevents formation of Fe2+
ions through sacrificial protection.
(3) ✓ Stainless steel utensils are manufactured by homogenously mixing different percentages of different
metals as alloys.
(1) ✕ Hexane does not consist of H+ ions so none of them corrode.

(2) ✕ Since Iron is more reactive than copper, it will oxidize more readily than copper.
§ Number of Mn atom: 𝑤 = 𝑧
§ Number of S atom: 5 = 𝑦
§ Number of O atom:
4𝑤 + 5 × 3 = 4𝑦 + 3
4𝑤 + 15 = 23
𝑤=2=𝑧
33
§ In general, we may assume the oxidation numbers of O and H to be -2 and +1 respectively. Also metals in
groups I and II are +1 and +2 respectively. In addition, -1 for group VII.
§ In GaCl3, let the oxidation number of Ga be x
(−1) × 3 + 𝑥 = 0
𝑥 = +3
§ In Ga, oxidation number of Ga is 0. As oxidation number of Ga decreases, Ga is reduced. Hence, Ga is

produced at cathode.
§ Secondary cells are rechargeable:
(1) ✓ Nickel-metal hydride cell is rechargeable

(2) ✕ Zinc-carbon cell is non rechargeable
(3) ✕ Silver-oxide cell is non rechargeable
(1) ✓ Calcium is a reactive metal. The standard way to obtain Ca metal from its ore is the electrolysis of
the molten calcium compound such as CaCl2.
Cathodic process: Ca&% (l) + 2e → Ca(s)
(2) ✕ In an aqueous solution with H+ and Ca2+, hydrogen ions will be reduced instead of calcium ions.
Cathodic process: 2H% (aq) + e → H& (g)
(3) ✕ According to the reactivity of metal/carbon, carbon is less reactive then calcium.
(4) ✕ Reducing metal oxides by heating strongly is possible for copper mercury and silver.
34
Sulphite SO32- is a reducing agent, but sulphate SO42- is not. We can use an oxidizing agent to distinguish between
sulphite and sulphate. The sulphite will be converted into sulphate and the O.N. of S increases from +4 to +6.
(1) ✕ Carbon is not an oxidising agent

(2) ✓ Acidified KMnO4 is oxidizing agent. With sodium sulphite, MnO4- is reduced to Mn2+ with O.N.
changing from +7 to +2 and the colour changing from pink to colourless. There is no observable
reaction with sodium sulphate
(3) ✓ Fe2Cl3 is an oxidising agent.
(1) ✓ It cannot be recharged after used

(2) ✕ The voltage falls rapidly
(3) ✓ Shelf life is about 3 years
(1) ✓ Calcium bromide is an ionic compound which is not conducting in solid form. In the molten state,
however, the lattice structure is broken and the ions become mobile. Since they are moving charged
particles, molten calcium bromide will conduct electricity
(2) ✓ All calcium salts are soluble in water to form an aqueous solution which is an electrolyte. The
solution consists of mobile ions which help the electrolyte to conduct electricity.
(3) ✕ Bromine is a simple molecular substance. There are no mobile ions or delocalized electrons to help
conducting electricity.
35
(1) ✕ lead (II) sulphate cannot be used because lead (II) sulphate is insoluble.
(2) ✕ M can be any conducting material which does not react with the electrolyte. lead can be used to
replenish the lead ions in the electrolyte. However, it is not a must
(3) ✓ The spoon should be connected to the negative terminal of the battery so that Pb2+ ions can be
reduced to Pb metal
(4) ✕ The conduction of electricity in the electrolyte is achieved by mobile ions but, not electrons. To
complete the circuit, electrons flow in clockwise through the external circuit.
§ At X: X is negatively charged due to the battery. It attracts H+ which ultimately are discharged and releases
H2(g). Since H+ is acidic, the solution around X becomes alkaline. Therefore, methyl orange indicator
around X turns yellow
§ At Y: Y is positively charged due to the battery. It attracts OH- which ultimately are discharged and
releases O2(g). Since OH- is alkaline, the solution around Y becomes acidic. Therefore, methyl orange
indicator around Y turns red.
§ The no. of moles of KCr2O7(aq) reacted is

*++
§ N* = (0.5 − 0.48) × *+++ = 0.002mol
§ Cr& O&" %
, + 14H + 6e → 2Cr
'"
+ 7H& O (1)
§ Fe&% → Fe'% + e (2)
§ (1) + (2) × 6:
§ Cr& O&" %
, + 14H + 6Fe
&%
→ 2Cr '" + 6Fe'% + 7H& O
§ The no. of moles of FeSO4(aq) reacted is

§ N& = 6 × N* = 6 × 0.002 = 0.012 mol
+..×+.*"+.+*&
§ [FeSO) ] = +.*
= 0.38 M
36
(1) ✓ Consider chlorine only. The oxidation number of chlorine is increase, it is oxidised
(2) ✓ Consider MnO2 only. The oxidation number of Mn is decreased, it is reduced
(3) ✕ The green colour is due to the formation of chlorine gas
A. ✕ Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid gives hydrogen and oxygen

B. ✕ Fractional distillation of liquefied air gives the constituent components of air, including oxygen.
C. ✕ Decomposing H2O2 gives hydrogen and oxygen
D. ✓ Magnesium reacts with steam to give hydrogen and magnesium oxide. The reaction does not give oxygen
Compound oxidation number of carbon

A. ✓ CO2 +4
B. ✕ CO +2
C. ✕ CH4 -4
D. ✕ CH2Cl2 +0
A. ✕ I- is oxidized to I2 which turn the colourless solution brown.

B. ✓ SO2 acts as reducing agent, but it is not strong enough to reduce the substances exsist in FeSO4, so there
is no change in this reaction
C. ✕ Fe2+ will be oxidized to Fe3+ The colour changes from green to brown
D. ✕ SO2 will reduced KMnO4 to Mn2+. The solution turns colourless from pink
37
A redox reaction is in which oxidation number of compound changes
A. ✕ S is oxidized from -6 to 0
B. ✕ I is oxidized from -1 to 0
C. ✕ Cl is reduced from 0 to -1
D. ✓ All species oxidation number remain same in this reaction
§ General equation for electroplating is
§ M0% (aq) + ne" → M(s).
§ This is a reduction equation so only occurs at negative electrodes which are II and IV.
§ In beaker 1, H+ and Cu2+ are crowded around rod II where Cu2+ is a stronger oxidizing agent so Cu2+ gains
electrons and are discharged.
§ Cu&% (aq) + 2e" → Cu(s)
§ In beaker 2, H+ and Mg2+ are crowded around rod IV where H+ is a stronger oxidizing agent so H+ gains
electrons and are discharged.
§ 2H% (aq) + 2e" → H& (g)
§ Hence, hydrogen gas is released on rod IV.
A. ✕ Hexane does not dissociate to form ions.

B. ✕ KNO3(aq) consists of mobile ions which help the iron nail to corrode.
C. ✕ In separated KNO3 solutions, both iron nail and silver rod would corrode on their own. However, within
the same solution, Fe is more reactive so will corrode quicker than silver rod.
D. ✓ When Iron is connected to the anode of a cell and Silver is connected to the cathode of cell, Iron is oxidized
very quickly so faster corrosion of Fe.
Fe(s) → Fe&% (aq) + e"
38
A. ✓ It is a primary cell because it cannot be recharged

B. ✕ Ni acts as an electrode and a catalyst.
C. ✕ Oxygen can be obtained from fractional distillation of air.
D. ✕ Equation for the change at electrode B is:
2OH" (aq) + H& (g) → 2H& O(l) + 2e"
A. ✕ Since A is positive, OH- will be attracted to A and will be oxidized to form oxygen. Cl- will not be oxidized
because it has comparatively weaker reducing power than OH-
4OH" → 2H& O + O& + 4e"
B. ✕ Since B is negative, it will not attract Cl- ions. Instead, it will attract H+ ions that are reduced to form
hydrogen.
2H% (aq) + 2e" → H& (g)

C. ✓ Iron will be oxidized to form Fe+2 ions because OH- is a weaker reducing agent.
D. ✕ Since D is negative, it will attract H+ ions that are reduced to form hydrogen.
2H% (aq) + 2e" → H& (g)
A. ✓ ZnO + C → Zn + CO
B. ✕ CaCO' → CaO + CO&
C. ✕ Electrolysis of molten/concentrated sodium chloride will produce sodium.
D. ✕ Zn + 2NaOH → Na& ZnO& + H&
39
A. ✓ Negatively charged purple permanganate ions will be attracted by the positive electrode at P. Therefore,
a purple patch migrates towards P.
B. ✕ Since the dichromate ions will not be attracted by the negative electrode at Q, there is no migration of any
orange patch. Only the purple patch of permanganate ions will migrate towards P.
C. ✕ For the experiment to be carried out successfully, X must be an electrolyte. Since methanol is not
conducting, C and D are not correct.
D. ✕ For the experiment to be carried out successfully, X must be an electrolyte. Since methanol is not
conducting, C and D are not correct.
(1) Incorrect: Since the reactivity of tin is lower than iron, it will not perform the sacrificial protection.
Hence it cannot slow down the corrosion of iron made objects.
(2) Correct: Coating the iron object completely can prevent irons from contacting with water and oxygen.
Hence, slow the rusting.
(3) Correct: at anode, electrons are lost to the iron object as it is connected to the anode. Hence, rusting
can be slowed down.
(1) Incorrect. Electrons travel from A to B. Hence, oxidation occurs at A. In compartment A, hydrogen gas
will preferentially discharge to give H+(aq). Hence, pH will decrease.
(2) Incorrect. In compartment B, H+(aq) is being reduced to H2(g) and it acts as an oxidizing agent.
(3) Correct. Oxidation always occurs at anode.
A. ✓ When Sr2+ gains electrons to convert to Sr, its oxidation number is increased so the process is reduction.
B. ✓ Chemical reaction cannot affect the number of protons inside the nucleus. The name of an ion or an atom
is determined solely by the number of protons. Sr2+ and Sr have same number of protons.
C. ✕ Sr is a group II element with2 valence electrons. By losing 2 electrons, it loses its outermost shell so there
is a decrease in number of shells.
40
A. ✕ Electrons move from anode to cathode.

B. ✕ Oxidation of H2 occurs at anode.
H& (aq) + 2OH" (aq) → 2H& O(l) + 2e"

C. ✓ Reduction occurs at cathode where oxygen is reduced to OH-
2H& O + O& + 4e" → 4OH"

D. ✕ Oxidation number of H is increased.
H& (aq) + 2OH" (aq) → 2H& O(l) + 2e"

Hydrogen is oxidized.
§ 8H% + 3H& O& + Cr2O72- → 3O& + 2Cr '% + 7H& O

§ On reactants side = xH% + 3H& O& + Cr2O72- , there are 6 + x H, 2 Cr, 13 O
§ On product side = zO& + yCr '% + 7H& O, there are 14 H, y Cr, 7+z O
(1) H: 𝑥 + 6 = 14 → 𝑥 = 8
(2) Cr: 2 = 𝑦
(3) O:6 + 7 = 2𝑧 + 7 → 2𝑧 = 6 → 𝑧 = 3
A. ✕ 4Fe + 3O& → 2Fe& O' where iron is oxidized, and oxygen is reduced.
B. ✓ Vinegar reacts with rust to dissolve it off the metal, it’s a neutralization.
C. ✕ In every combustion reaction, oxygen is reduced and compound undergoing combustion is oxidised.
D. ✕ Carbon dioxide is reduced whereas the water is oxidised.
41
Only reaction in B does not involve any change in oxidation number.
A. ✕ A material is ductile when the material in the form of wire can be pulled so that wire increases in length
permanently. All pure metals are ductile because metallic bonds allow sliding between layers of molecules.
B. ✓ Calcium is more reactive and corrodes more readily than zinc.
C. ✕ Calcium is group II metal so gets +2 and common zinc oxidation number is also +2
D. ✕ Metals are usually solid at room temperature except mercury.
(1) Incorrect. O.N. of Cl does not change in this redox reaction

(2) Incorrect. Ionic bond forms in zinc chloride.
(3) Incorrect. Since HCl will be consumed, pH will increase.
42
2.2 Long Questions
(a) Provide H+ / ions/ electrolyte for the chemical cell 1
(b) Metal Y, copper, metal X/ Y, Cu, X 1
(c) (i) X ➝ X2+ + 2e- 1
(ii) 2H+ + 2e ➝ H2 1
(d) Yes, the metal Y strip would be positive electrode. This is because silver is lower 1
than copper in electrochemical series/ silver is less reactive. Zinc is higher/ more
reactive than Y So Y should be positive electrode
(a) Displacement reaction occurred when the iron rod is dipped into silver sulphate 1
solution. Some silver ions (Ag+) are reduced and deposited on the surface of iron rod
as silver metal. Hence, concentration of silver ions will be lower than 0.015 M
2Ag % (aq) + Fe(s) → 2Ag(s) + Fe&% (aq) 1
(b) (i) Silver is lower than hydrogen in electrochemical series/ Ag+ is discharged preferably 1
than H+ when current applied.
(ii) Hydrogen Gas (H2): The hydrogen gas bubbles hinder the deposition of silver on the 2
surface of the metallic object, hence causing silver deposit to be easily flaked off.
(c) 3
43
(a) Colourless gas is observed. Due to high concentration of KCl in the solution, Cl- ions 2
are preferentially discharged to give Cl2. When Cl2 is dissolved in the electrolyte,
acidic HCl is formed which turns the universal indicator red.
(b) (i) H+ ions are discharged and reduced to H2 at electrode B. The concentration of OH- 1
ions increases at electrode B as H+ ions is being consumed. So universal indicator
turns blue under alkaline conditions.
(ii) Accept both “yes” and “no” answers. 2

“YES”: Copper and carbon have different electrical conductivity. Therefore, the
solution near electrode B turns blue more quickly.
“NO”: B is the negative electrode. Copper will not lose electrons to give Cu2+ at the
negative electrode. Copper cannot undergo reduction at this electrode.
(a) 1
(b) (i) Electrode D: H& (g) + 2OH" (aq) → 2H& O(l) + 2e" (aq) 1
(ii) Electrode E: O& (g) + 2H& O(s) + 4e" → 4OH" (aq) 1
(c) Accept both “agree” and “disagree” answers. 2

“Agree”: The hydrogen gas can be obtained from renewable source (with one proper
example)
“Disagree”: The hydrogen gas used is produced from fossil fuels such as steam
reforming of natural gas. / Electrical energy is consumed in production of hydrogen
gas from water.
44
(a) (i) A blue precipitate is obtained. 1
(ii) Cu&% (aq) + 2OH" (aq) → Cu(OH)& (s) / CuSO) + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)& + Na& SO) 1
(i) Purple acidified potassium permanganate solution is decolourised/ turns colourless. 1
(ii) (1) Redox/reduction (of acidified potassium permanganate)/ oxidation-reduction. 1
(2) 2MnO" &" % &% &"

) (aq) + 5SO' (aq) + 6H (aq) → 2Mn (aq) + 5SO) (aq) + 3H& O (l) 1
(a) A brown/orange gas is formed 1
2KI(aq) + Cl& (g) → 2KCl(aq) + I& (s) 1
(b) The solution changes from orange to green 1
Cr& O&" &" % '% &"

, (aq) + 3SO' (aq) + 8H (aq) → 2Cr (aq) + 3SO) (aq) + 4H& O(l) 1
c)
(a) (i) Silver metal is formed. 1
(ii) 2O&" → O& + 4e" 1
(b) Oxygen gas is not toxic. 1
(c) (i) Zn, its O.N. increases from 0 to +2. 2
(ii) Zn(s) → Z&% + 2e 1
45
(a) (i) OH- (aq) ions are preferentially discharged to give a colourless gas oxygen 1
(ii) H+(aq) ions are preferentially discharged to give a colourless gas hydrogen 1
(b) 2H& O → 2H& + O& 1
(c) (i) no change OH- ions are preferentially discharged to give a colourless gas oxygen. 1
(ii) no change H+ ions, the only cations are discharged to give a colourless gas hydrogen. 1
(a) An acid which can completely ionise in water 1
(b) (i) bromine / Br2 (g) 1
(ii) it is a redox reaction: oxidation state of Br changes from -1 to 0 / of Mn changed 1

from +7 to +2 / Br- transfers electrons to MnO4- / MnO4- is reduced and Cl- is
oxidised.
(c) the filter paper stays brown 2

" "
2I + Br& → 2Br + I&
(d) the experiment should be performed in a fume cupboard as bromine gas is corrosive 1
46
(a) 2
(b) Connect zinc/magnesium blocks to the surface of the pipelines. / sacrificial 2

protection
Zinc/magnesium can release electrons more readily than iron
OR
Connect the negative electrode of a D.C source to the surface of the pipelines/
cathodic protection
The electrons provided by the D.C source prevent iron from releasing electrons.
47
48

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DSE CHEM MASTERY

1.1 Multiple Choice Question

Question 1 12 MCQ 22-01

Which of the following processes involve redox reaction?

(1) mixing ethanoic acid and propanoic acid

A. (1) and (2) only

Question 2 12 MCQ 06-01

What is the oxidation number of S in H₂SO₄?

Question 3 12 MCQ 18-01

(1) It produces polluting products.

Which of the following combinations is / are correct?

Object Corresponding corrosion prevention method / principle

(1) aluminium window frames cathodic protection

Question 5 12 MCQ 23-01

When iron and copper are separately immersed in hexane completely,

1st statement 2nd statement

A. First statement is true and second is statement is false

Question 6 13 MCQ 16-01

Consider the following chemical equation:

𝐰𝐌𝐧𝐎" 𝟐" % 𝟐" 𝟐%

Oxidation number of Ga in GaCl3 electrode at which Ga is produced

Question 8 13 MCQ 21-01

Which of the following is/are secondary cell(s)?

(1) Nickel-metal hydride cell

Question 9 13 MCQ 05-01

A. electrolysis of a molten calcium compound

Question 11 14 MCQ 16-01

(1) It cannot be recharged after used

The diagram below shows the set-up of an experiment:

Which of the following methods may light up the light bulb?

(1) heating the calcium bromide powder until molten

A. (1) and (2) only

Question 13 14 MCQ 11-01

Which of the following statements concerning the above set-ups is correct?

A. Q can be lead (II) sulphate

An electrolysis experiment is conducted using the set-up below:

Question 15 15 MCQ 16-01

MnO& (aq) + 4HCl(aq) → MnCl& (aq) + Cl& (g) + 2H& O(l)

(1) Cl- is oxidised by MnO2

Question 17 15 MCQ 02-01

Which of the following processes would NOT give oxygen?

A. Electrolysis of dilute nitric acid

Question 18 16 MCQ 11-01

Gas X is bubbled steadily into solution Y as shown in the diagram below:

A. Cl2 (g) KI(aq)

Question 20 16 MCQ 14-01

Which of the following is not a redox reaction?

A. H2SO4 (l) +NaBr(aq) → Br& (g) + SO& (g) + 2H& O(l)

On which of the following iron rods would hydrogen gas be produced?

Question 22 17 MCQ 13-01

Question 24 19 MCQ 11-01

Consider the following electrolytic cells:

What would happen during electrolysis?

A. Hydrogen forms around A.

Which of the following processes would produce metal?

A. Heating zinc oxide with carbon

Question 26 19 MCQ 02-01

The set-up of an experiment is shown below

A. If X is dilute HCl, a purple patch migrates towards P.