Civics Class VIII - Chapter-1

Class-VIII Chapter-1st The Indian Constitution Subject-Civics
1. The Indian Constitution

A. Very Short Question Answer (1 Marks):
1. Is India a "republican form of government"?

Ans: Yes, India is a “republican form of government”.
2. What is a constitution?
Ans: A written document in which we find rules that are formulated through consensus is
called a Constitution.
3. Define the term „Fundamental Rights‟.

Ans: Fundamental rights are those which protects all the people of India from any kind of
ill treatment.
4. What are the objectives for implementing the fundamental rights according to Dr B.R. Ambedkar?
Ans: The objectives for implementing the fundamental rights according to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
are :
The first is that every citizen of India must be in a position to claim the fundamental rights.
The other objective of fundamental rights is that they must be binding on every authority.
5. Which provisions of the constitution was given an immediate effect on the commencement of the
Indian Constitution?
Ans: Though, the constitution came into force on 26 January 1950, some provisions relating
to Citizenship, Elections, provisional parliament, temporary & transitional provisions were
given immediate effect on 26 November 1949.
6. What is the significance of the Preamble in the Indian Constitution?

Ans: The Preamble guarantees the Indian citizens an equality of status and of opportunity. It
means that all have equal human status and there will be no discrimination based on caste, creed,
race, sex, place of birth, etc.
7. Is it necessary that all countries having a Constitution are democratic?

Ans: No, it is not necessary that all countries having Constitution are democratic.
8. During which time period did the Constituent Assembly draft a Constitution for independent
India?
Ans: Between December 1946 and November 1949.
9. Define Right to Freedom of Religion.

Ans: Religions to Freedom of Religion is provided to all citizens. Every person has the right to
practise, profess and propagate the religion of his choice.
10. What is meant by the major change in the Constitution?

Ans: The major change in the Constitution means a change in fundamental nature of the country.
11. Define the term Ideal.

Ans: A goal or a principle in its most excellent or perfect form.
12. When did the Interim Constitution come into effect in Nepal?
Ans: In Nepal, The Interim Constitution came in effect from 2007.
13. Name the 3 organs of state as per the separation of power done in Indian constitution.
Ans: (i) The legislative (ii) The Executive (iii) The Judiciary
14. From what does the Fundamental Rights protects the citizens?
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The Fundamental Rights protect the citizens against any arbitrary exercise of power by the state.
15. What does a good constitution never allows any whims?

Ans: A good constitution never allows any whims to change it basic structure.
16. Define Sovereign.

Ans: Sovereign means possessing supreme or ultimate power.
17. What does legislative refers to?

Ans: The cruel and unjust use of power or authority.
18. Define Tyranny.

Ans: The cruel and unjust use of power or authority.
19. What do you understand by the term Federation?

Ans: Federation refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country.
20. Which is known as the 3rd tier of the Government?

Ans: Panchayati Raj is the 3rd tier of the government.
21. What does a secular state never officially promotes?

Ans: A secular state is a state which never officially promotes any type of Religion as the state
Religion.
22. When constituent assembly was founded?

Ans: Constituent assembly was founded in 1946.
23. In what sense Indian constitution defines the power of each government?
Ans: The Indian constitution defines the power of each government at each level and at
every tier.
24. In which Right does the Right to Equality is being guaranteed by the Indian constitution?
Ans: Right to equality is one of the Fundamental rights.
25. What does our constitution contain?

Ans: The Constitution ensures that a balance of power is maintained between the Legislature
Executive and the Judiciary.
26. What is Right against Exploitation?

Ans: Right against Exploitation: The Constitution prohibits human trafficking, forced labour, and
employment of children under 14 years of age.
27. What is Right to Equality?

Ans: Right to Equality is one of the fundamental rights of India. Before law every citizen of
India be it poor or rich, are equal.
28. What do you mean by federalism?

Ans: Federalism refers to the existence of more than one form of government. For India it has
Central Government and state government.
29. What is human trafficking?

Ans: Human trafficking is the practice of the illegal buying and selling of different commodities
across national borders. In the content of fundamental rights, it refers to illegal trade in human
beings, particularly women and children.
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30. What does the word ‘State’ refer to?

Ans: The word ‘State’ refers to a political institution that represents a sovereign people who
occupy a definite territory.
31. What do you mean by a secular state?

Ans: A secular state does not officially promote any one religion as the state religion.
32. What caused fear among the members of the Constituent Assembly?
Ans: They feared that the executive might become too strong and ignore its responsibility to
the legislature.
33. Why do the people of Nepal not want to adhere to their previous Constitution?
Ans: The previous Constitution does not reflect the ideals of the country that want Nepal to be,
and that they have fought for.
34. What do you mean by 'Right to Constitutional Remedies'?

Ans: This Fundamental Right allows citizens to move to the court if they believe that any of
their Fundamental Rights has been violated by the state.
35. What do you understand by monarchy?

Ans: Monarchy is a form of government in which final authority rested with the King.
36. In Nepal, when did the Interim Constitution come into effect?
Ans: In Nepal, the Interim Constitution came into effect from January 15,2007.
37. Who is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution?

Ans: Baba Saheb Dr Ambedkar is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution.
38. What is a “State”?

Ans: The State refers to a political institution that represents a sovereign people who occupy a
definite territory.
39. What do you understand by a secular state?

Ans: A secular state is one in which the state does not officially promote any one religion as the
state religion.
40. What is democracy?

Ans: Democracy is a form of government in which we choose our leaders so that they can exercise
power responsibly on our behalf.
41. What is universal adult franchise?

Ans: Universal Adult Franchise means that the right to vote should be given to all adult citizens
without the discrimination of caste, class, colour, religion or gender.
42. How does the Indian Constitution safe guard the minorities of the country? Or How does the Ans:
Indian Constitution protect minority rights?
The Constitution usually contains rules that ensure that minorities are not excluded from anything
that is routinely available to the majority.
43. Which fundamental right has provisions prohibiting exploitation of weaker sections of the society?
OR State any three provisions made in the Constitution to prevent exploitation. Or Explain Right
against Exploitation.
Ans: Right against Exploitation: The Constitution prohibits human trafficking, forced labour, and
employment of children under 14 years of age.
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44. In which year the Indian national Congress made the demand for a constituent assembly?
Ans: In 1934 The Indian National Congress made the demand for a constituent assembly and in
1946 the constituent assembly was formed only of Indian.
45. In which year the king of Nepal took over as the head of the government?
Ans: In February 2005.
46. In which year Nepal became a democracy?

Ans: In 2008.
47. In which year did Nepal make a constitution of their own?

Ans: In 2015.
48. What guards us against The misuse of authority by political leaders?
Ans: Indian constitution and laws
49. On which grounds no citizen of India can be discriminated?

Ans: Race, cast, gender, religion and place of birth
50. What is inter-community domination?

Ans: Inter-community domination is the domination of one community over the other.
51. What is intra-community domination?

Ans: Intra-community domination is the domination of one section of community over other
sections of the same community
52. What did the colonial state convinced the Indians about free India?
Ans: The colonial state convinced the Indians about free India that there will be e equality and
Indians will be involved in the government.
53. Around ______ people were there in the constituent assembly.

Ans: 300
54. What was the main aim of the Constitution makers?

Ans: The main aim of the Constitution makers was to make a constitution which treats
every citizen of India equally.
55. Which is the third tier of the government?

Ans: Panchayati Raj
56. From where the states under federalism draw their authority?
Ans: Constitution
57. The constitution makers thought that a democratic government would destroy the social evils like
_________________ and __________________.
Ans: Caste system and untouchability.
58. Who have direct role in electing the representatives?

Ans: The people of India
59. To whom the representatives are accountable to?

Ans: The constitution of India
60. What is legislature?

Ans: The legislature refers to our elected representatives.
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61. What is executive?

Ans: Executive is a smaller group of people who are responsible for implementing laws and
running the government.
62. What is judiciary?
Ans: The Judiciary refers to the system of courts in the country.
63. What guarantees the rights of individuals against the state as well as against other individuals?
Ans: Fundamental rights
64. What is a secular state?

Ans: A secular state is one in which the state does not officially promote any one religion
as the state religion.
65. Why the Indian Constitution has been amended over the years?
Ans: To reflect new concerns of the polity.
66. When the final session of the constituent assembly was held?
Ans: 24th January 1950
67. Who was the president of the constituent assembly?

Ans: Dr Rajendra Prasad
68. Who was the first finance minister of India?

Ans: Dr John Mathai
69. Who was the first deputy prime Minister of India?

Ans: Vallabhbhai Patel
70. Who was the first labour Minister of India?

Ans: Jagjivan Ram
71. Who was the first minister of food and agriculture?

Ans: Jairam Das Daulat Ram
72. Who was the first health minister of India?

Ans: Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
B. Long Question Answer (3 Marks):
1. Why do we need a Constitution?

Ans: Three Significant Reasons Why We Need a Constitution
 In democratic societies, the Constitution also develops laws to prevent our elected officials from
abusing their power.
 The Constitution prohibits a ruling party from using its influence against less influential
individuals or classes.
 The Constitution protects us from actions that may jeopardize the broader values of which the
nation trusts.
2. Write a short note on the Parliamentary form of Government.

Ans: The Parliamentary system is a system of governance. The legislature of the Central
government is known as the Parliament. The Indian Parliament is composed of President, Lok
Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people.
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3. What are the federal features of the Constitution of India?

Ans: Features of the Federal System of India
 Dual government polity.
 Division of powers between various levels.
 Rigidity of constitution.
 Independence judiciary.
 Dual citizenship.
 Bicameralism.
4. Was the term secular always part of Indian Preamble? What do you understand by “Secular
State”?
Ans: Secularism is the belief that no one should be discriminated on the basis of the religion
he or she practises. Every citizen, irrespective of which religion he or she follows, is equal in the
eyes of the laws and policies that govern the Nation.
5. List the Fundamental Rights provided by the Constitution of India.

Ans: List of Fundamental Rights
 Right to Equality (Article 14-18)
 Right to Freedom (Article 19-22)
 Right against Exploitation (Article 23-24)
 Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25-28)
 Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29-30)
 Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)
6. The Constitution prevents tyranny of majority in a democratic society. Discuss it with a suitable
example.
Ans: Every society is prone to tyranny of the majority. The constitution usually contains rules
that ensure that minorities are not excluded from anything that is routinely available to the
majority. The constitution is precisely to prevent this tyranny or domination by the majority of a
minority.
7. What is the purpose of the Constitution?

Ans: A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can
agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed. This includes
the type of government and also an agreement on certain ideals that they all believe the country
should uphold.
8. Define the term “Directive Principles of the State Policy”.

Ans: The Directive Principles of the State Policy (DPSP) are the guidelines for the state which it
must consider while formulating new laws and policies and it lay down all the objectives
which the Constitution seeks to achieve.
9. Bring out three differences between State and Government.
Ans: Government’ is responsible for administering and enforcing laws. The
government can change with elections. The State on the other hand refers to a political
institution that represents a sovereign people who occupy a definite territory. Example –
the Indian State, the Nepali State etc. The Indian State has a democratic form of
government. The government (or the executive) is one part of the State. The State refers
to more than just the government and cannot be used interchangeably with it.
10. Why Preamble is regarded as the soul of our constitution?

Ans: Preamble to the constitution is the constitution begins with a short statement of its basic
values. It consists of the philosophy on which our constitution has been built. It is the soul of
Indian constitution. It gives a standard to examine and evaluate any law and actions of
government, to find whether it is good or bad.
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11. Mention six freedoms that falls under "Right to Freedom".

Ans: The six fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution are considered essential for the
functioning of Indian democracy. The right to freedom gives citizens
 Freedom with respect to speech and expression,
 Freedom form associations or unions or co-operative societies
 freedom of personal liberty,
 freedom to live a life of dignity,
 Freedom to assemble
 Freedom to move freely
 Freedom to reside and settle
 Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any business, occupation or trade
12. Write any four fundamental duties mentioned in the Indian constitution?
Ans:
 To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
 To defend the country and to render national service when called upon to do so.
 To promote harmony and spirit of fraternity amongst all people of the India.
 To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
13. How does the Constitution define the nature of a country’s political system?
Ans: The Constitution defines the nature of a country's political system. In a monarchy, king is
the supreme power whereas in a democracy people rule the country. The government is run
by the representatives elected by people at large. The Constitution also describes rules that guard
against misuse of power by the leaders.
14. How can we say that the Constitution saves us from ourselves?
Ans: Constitution saves us from ourselves means that it saves us from our kind only as if we will
be knowing about the penalties, fines and punishments that law prescribes on fouls we will not be
doing them and we will be safe and also from other people.
15. What is meant by the concept of separation of power?

Ans: Separation of Powers means that the three branches of government are separated. The
three branches are as follows:- the Legislative- the part that makes laws. the Executive - the part
that carries out (executes) the laws, the Judicial Branch - the courts that decide if the law has been
broken.
16. Name the Fundamental Rights mentioned in the Indian Constitution.

Ans: The Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution include:
 Right to Equality
 Right to Freedom
 Right against Exploitation
 Right to Freedom of Religion
 Cultural and Educational Rights
 Right to Constitutional Remedies
17. What was the Indian National Movement?

Ans: The Indian National Movement was an organized mass movement concerned with the
interests of the people of India and affected by both internal and external factors. It led to the
formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 and several revolts broke out across the
country.
18. Why did Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar urge Scheduled Castes to join the government as well as the
civil services?
Ans: Ambedkar urged Scheduled Caste to join the government as well as the civil services
because he felt that by doing so they will enter into the administration which will in turn prove to
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be a safeguard for the people belonging to lower castes who were oppressed and discriminated by
the people belonging to the upper caste.
19. Explain 'Parliamentary form of government'?

Ans: The Parliamentary system is a system of governance. The legislature of the Central
government is known as the Parliament. The Indian Parliament is composed of President, Lok
Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people. The
number of members in the House is fixed.
20. What is a Constitution? What purposes does it serve?

Ans: A Constitution is a written document containing certain rules. It serves several purposes.
It tells us what the fundamental nature of our society is. A country is usually made up of
different communities of people who share certain beliefs but they may not necessarily
agree on all issues. A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all
persons in a country can agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the
country to be governed.
The second important purpose of a Constitution is to define the nature of a country’s
political system. In countries that have adopted a democratic form of government, the
Constitution lays out certain important guidelines that govern decision-making within
these societies.
21. Who do you mean by federal form of government? Why is it important?

Ans: Our Constitution provides for a federal form of government. This means that the
responsibility of governing our country has been divided into the central government and
the state governments. Panchayati Raj is the third tier of government.
India is a vast country. Different communities of people live here. Hence, a system of
government needed to be devised that did not involve only persons silting in the capital
city of New Delhi and making decisions for everyone. Instead, it was necessary to have
another level of government in the states so that decisions could be made for that
particular area. In this way, it will be easier to make positive efforts for the development
of the country as well as the states.
22. What were the challenges before the members of the Constituent Assembly?
Ans: The following were the challenges before the members of the Constituent Assembly:
 The country was made up of several different communities who spoke different languages,
practised different religions and had distinct cultures.
 At the time the Constitution was being written, the country was going through
considerable turmoil. The partition of the country was imminent, some of the Princely
States remained undivided about their future.
 The socio-economic condition of the vast mass of people appeared dismal. (d) Poverty was
another major challenge.
23. What is meant by 'separation of power'? Why do you think it is important?

Ans: Separation of Powers means that the three branches of government are separated. The three
branches are. the Legislative- the part that makes laws. the Executive - the part that carries out
(executes) the laws, and. the Judicial Branch - the courts that decide if the law has been broken.
In order to prevent the misuse of power by any one branch of the State the Constitution says
that each of these organs should exercise different powers. Through this, each organs acts as a
check on the other organ of the State and this ensures the balance of power between all three.
24. Describe Right to Equality in detail.

Ans: Right to Equality-Equality is the foundation of democracy. The Constitution guarantees
that all citizens will be equal before law. It means that everyone will be equally protected by the
laws of the country. The State will not discriminate against a citizen on the basis of religion, race,
caste, sex or place of birth.
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25. What were the different adverse situations that the Constitution makers had to face while drafting
the constitution?
Ans: India being a diverse country faced various difficulties while drawing up its Constitution.
The problems were:
 During the making of the Constitution, the people of India were emerging from the status of
subjects to that of citizens.
 The partition of the country happened on the basis of religious differences. It proved to be a
traumatic experience for the people of both the countries (India and Pakistan) which also led to
the killings of at least 10 lakh people.
 The British left it to princely states to ascertain whether they wanted to merge with India or with
Pakistan or remain independent. The merger looked like a difficult and uncertain task.
 These problems created anxiety for the makers of the constitution regarding the present and the
future of the country. Therefore, during drafting of the constitution, the future of the country
looked insecure.
26. What is Right to Constitutional Remedies?

Ans: Right to Constitutional Remedies - This allows citizens to move the court if they believe that
any of their Fundamental Rights have been violated by the State.
27. Explain Right to Freedom of Religion?

Ans: Right to Freedom of Religion - Religious freedom is provided to all citizens. Every person
has the right to practise, profess and propagate the religion of their choice.
28. Write a short note on Cultural and Educational Rights.

Ans: Cultural and Educational Rights - The Constitution states that all minorities, religious or
linguistic, can set up their own educational institutions in order to preserve and develop their own
culture.
29. What did Dr Ambedkar state about scheduled caste?

Ans: He stated that although the laws might exist, Scheduled Castes still had reason to fear
because the administration of these laws was in the hands of ‘caste Hindu officers’. He, therefore,
urged Scheduled Castes to join the government as well as the civil services.
30. What do you mean by Directive Principles of State Policy?

Ans: Directive Principles of State Policy was designed by the members of the Constituent
Assembly to ensure greater social and economic reforms and to serve as a guide to the
independent Indian State to institute laws and policies that help reduce the poverty of the masses.
31. Define the term constitution.

Ans: In large societies in which different communities of people live together, the rules are
formulated through consensus, and in modern countries this consensus is usually available in
written form. A written document in which we find such rules is called a Constitution.
32. Explain Right to Freedom. Or What is the significance of the Right to Freedom? Or What is the
fundamental Right to Freedom?
Ans: Right to Freedom: This includes the right to freedom of speech and expression, the right to
form associations, the right to move freely and reside in any part of the country, and the right to
practise any profession, occupation or business.
33. What would happen if there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives?
Ans: If there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives the leaders might misuse
the powers given to them. Misuse of authority can result in gross injustice. Thus, in democratic
societies, the Constitution often lays down rules that guard against this misuse of authority by our
political leaders.
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34. What is Constitutional Monarchy?

Ans: A system of government in which a country is ruled by a king and queen whose power is
limited by a constitution. Example: Until quite recently, Nepal was a monarchy. The previous
Constitution of Nepal, which had been adopted in 1990, reflected the fact that the final authority
rested with the King.
35. When and for what the constituent assembly was formed?
Ans: Between December 1946 and November 1949, the Constituent Assembly drafted a
constitution for independent India. Free to shape their destiny at last, after 150 years of British
rule, the members of the Constituent Assembly approached this task with the great idealism that
the freedom struggle had helped produce.
36. In which session of national Congress the demand for a constituent assembly was made? Ans:
Who was the first president of the constituent assembly?
The Indian National Congress held its session at Lucknow on April 1936 presided by Pt. Jawahar Lal
Nehru. The official demand for Constituent Assembly was raised and Government of India Act, 1935 was
rejected as it imposed the Constitution which was against the will of the Indians.
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the first president of the constituent assembly.
37. Why the constitution is so important for a country?

Ans: It determines the relationship of the citizens with the governments. It protects and
provides the basic rights to all the citizens of the country. It specifies on how the Government
would be elected and who will have the power and the responsibility to take important decisions.
38. How Nepal got it’s own constitution?

Ans: People of Nepal want a new constitution for the following reasons:-
 Nepal is no longer a monarchy. In the monarchy, Nepal constitution powers were entirely in
the hands of the king.
 The people of Nepal want a new constitution because ideals of the people had change as the
country head moved from a monarchy to democracy.
 The previous constitution which was adopted in 1990, stated that final authority restaurant the
king.
 The people of Nepal fought for democratic government for many years. Finally in 2006 the
people of Nepal succeeded in putting an end to the powers of the king.
 New constitution in Nepal will establish Nepal as a democracy in order to bring a new society
with new ideals.
39. What is democracy? Why democracy is important for India?

Ans: In a democracy people choose their representatives and the leaders might misuse their
powers. Constitution provides safeguards against this. In a democracy, the constitution ensures
that the dominant group does not use power against less powerful groups.
In this people have political freedom and equality. One should need a democratic country
because it ensures the proper functioning of government. Thus the government is by the people
since it is the people who elect them and therefore this makes them more accountable.
40. Name the grounds on which no discrimination can be done in India?

Ans: Constitution of India. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex
or place of birth. (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of
religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
41. Write an important function of the constitution in ensuring equal power?

Ans: Right to equality is one of the 6 fundamental rights. It includes equality before law,
prohibition of discrimination on grounds of race , religion, gender, and caste or birth place. it also
includes equality of opportunity in matters of employment , abolition of untouchability and title.
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42. How does Indian Constitution secure the rights of the minority?
Ans: Article 29 protects the interests of the minorities by making a provision that any citizen /
section of citizens having a distinct language, script or culture have the right to conserve the
same. Article 29 mandates that no discrimination would be done on the ground of religion, race,
caste, language or any of them.
43. What is the difference between inter community domination and intra community domination?
Ans: When one community is dominating another in a country, the situation is referred to as inter-
community domination whereas when members of a community are dominating others within the
same community; it is referred to as intra-community domination.
44. How does the constitution save us from ourselves?

Ans: Constitution saves us from ourselves means that it saves us from our kind only as if we will
be knowing about the penalties, fines and punishments that law prescribes on fouls we will not be
doing them and we will be safe and also from other people.
45. How does the Indian Constitution protect us Against certain decisions that we might take that
could have an adverse effect on the large principles of our country?
Ans: There are laws in the Indian constitution which protect Us Against certain decisions
that we might take that could have an adverse effect on the large principles of our country.
46. Why the leaders of the freedom struggle wanted to make a constitution of our own?
Ans: They wanted the country to be democratic and had its own constitution on which the country
can be ruled by the elected candidates from the people of the country so that it is ruled by the
people, for people, of the people and don't want the country to be colonized.
47. How was the condition of Indian society when the constitution was being written?
Ans: When the constitution was written Indian society was divided in small fragments.
48. Name the countries which share boundaries with India?

Ans: India shares its land boundaries with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest, China
(Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east. Our
southern neighbours across the sea consist of the two island countries, namely Sri Lanka and
Maldives.
C. Very Long Question Answer (4 & 5 Marks)
1. Write the key features of Indian Constitution.

Ans: Following are the key features of Indian constitution.
1) Federalism: It refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country.
These are at the state and at the central levels. Citizens are governed by laws & policies made by
each of these levels of government.
2) Parliamentary Form of Government: The Constitution of Indian guarantees universal adult
suffrage for all citizens. This means every citizen of the country irrespective of his/her social
background have a direct role in electing their representatives.
Representatives are thus accountable to the people in a parliamentary form of government.
3) Separation of Powers: There are three organs of the State: (a) the Legislature (b) the
Executive and (c) the Judiciary.
a)The legislature refers to our elected representative; those who makes laws.
b) The executive is a smaller group of people who are responsible for implementing laws and
c) The judiciary refers to the system of courts in the country; who settles disputes and makes
sure that laws are obeyed.
Each organ acts as a check on the other organs ofthe State and this ensures the balance of power
between all three.
4) Fundamental Rights:
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(i) The Fundamental Rights are referred to as the ‘conscience’ of Indian Constitution.
Fundamental Rights protect citizens against the arbitrary and absolute exercise of power by the
state.
(ii) The Constitution guarantees the rights of individuals against the State as well as against
other individuals.
(iii) There are six Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution, which are: (i) Right to
Equality; (ii) Right to Freedom; (iii) Right against Exploitation; (iv) Right to Freedom of
Religion; (v) Cultural and Educational Rights; (vi) Right to Freedom of Religion; (iv) Right to
Constitution Remedies.
(iv) In addition to Fundamental Rights, the Constitution has a section called Directive Principles
of State Policy. It ensures greater social and economic reforms and to serve as a guide to
independent Indian state to institute laws and policies that help reduce the poverty of the
masses.
5) Secularism
A secular state is one in which the state does not officially promote any one religion as the state
religion.
The Constitution plays a crucial role in laying out the ideals that we would like all citizens of
the country to adhere to, including the representatives that we elect to rule us.
2. The Constitution saves us from ourselves. Explain with example.

Ans: Constitution protects us from ourselves in the following ways :
This can sound strange but this is true to say as this means that we might feel strongly about an
issue that might go against larger interest and the Constitution helps us to guard against this.
A good Constitution does not allow the whims of a few citizens to change its basic structure.
The Constitution helps to protect us against certain decisions that we might take that could have an
adverse effect on the larger principles that the country believes in.
The constitution does not allow for the easy overthrow of provisions that guarantee rights of
citizens and protect their freedom.
Constitution plays a very important role in Democratic Societies.
3. Explain the concept of separation of powers.

Ans: According to the Constitution there are 3 organs of the state. There are the legislature, the
Executive and the judiciary. In order prevent the misuse of power by any one branch of the state
the Constitution says that each of these organs should exercise different powers. Through this,
each organ acts as a check on the other organs of the state and this ensures the balance of power
between all three.
4. Write a short note on Right to Equality.

Ans: Right to Equality means:
 All persons are equal before the law. This means that all persons shall be equally protected by
the laws of the country.
 It also states that no citizen can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, caste or
sex.
 Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops etc.
 The State cannot discriminate against anyone in matters of employment.
5. Explain briefly the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India.

Ans: There are six Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution, which are:
1. Right to Equality: Before the constitution, everyone is equal. This ensures that all citizens
would be equally served by the country’s rules. It also notes that no citizen can face
discrimination because of their religion, caste, or gender. Everyone has equal access to all
public spaces, including playgrounds, restaurants, and stores. In terms of jobs, the government
cannot discriminate against anyone.
2. Right to Freedom : This includes the freedom of expression and association, the freedom to
travel freely and live in any part of the country, and the right to practice any trade, career, or
industry.
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3. Right against Exploitation: The Constitution prohibits human trafficking, slave labor, and the
employment of children under the age of 14.
4. Right to Freedom of Religion : Religious freedom is guaranteed to all men. Any person has the
right to practice, profess, and spread the religion of their choosing.
5. Cultural and Education as Rights: According to the Constitution, all linguistic and religious
minorities have the right to provide their own educational institutions in order to protect and
cultivate their culture.
6. Right to Constitution Remedies: This allows citizens to file a petition if they feel the State has
violated any of their Fundamental Rights.
6. Define Secularism and Separation of Power as the key feature of the Indian Constitution?
Ans:
 Secularism: A secular state is one which does not officially promote any one religion as the
state religion. The Constitution plays crucial role in laying out the ideals that we would like all
citizens of the country to adhere to.
 Separation of Power: According to the Constitution, there are 3 organs of the state. These are
the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The legislature refers to our elected
representatives. The executive is a smaller group of people who are responsible for the
implementation of the laws and running the government, the judiciary refers to the system of
courts in this country.
In order to prevent the misuse of power by any one branch of the state, the Constitution says
that each of these organs should exercise different powers. Each organ acts as a check on the
other organs of the state through the separation of powers and this feature also ensures the
balance of power between all three.
7. Describe how the Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a
country can agree upon through the example of Nepal’.
Ans: A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can
agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed. This includes
not only the type of government but also an agreement on certain ideals that they all believe the
country should uphold.
Examples of Nepal shows the meaning of the above concept. Nepal is a country that borders
India on the North. Until quite recently, Nepal was a monarchy. The previous Constitution of
Nepal, adopted in 1990 reflected the fact that the final authority rested with the king.
A people’s movement in Nepal fought for several decades to establish democracy and in
2006 they finally succeeded in putting an end to the powers of the king. Now the people have to
write a new Constitution to establish Nepal as a democracy.
The reasons that they do not want to continue with the previous Constitution is because it does not
reflect the ideals of the country that they want Nepal to be and that the citizens have fought for.
Nepal by moving from monarchy to democratic government needs to change all its
constitutive rules in order to usher in a new society. This is why the people of Nepal are in the
process of writing a new Constitution for the country.
8. What do you mean by tyranny of majority?

Ans: Tyranny of the majority refers to unhealthy situations where a majority continuously
enforces decisions that exclude minorities and go against their interests. Every society is prone to
this tyranny of the majority. The Constitution usually contains rules that ensure that minorities are
not excluded from anything that is routinely available to the majority. Constitution is precisely to
prevent this tyranny or domination by the majority of a minority.
9. Discuss the difference between State and Government.

Ans: ‘Government’ is responsible for administering and enforcing laws. The government can
change with elections. The State on the other hand refers to a political institution that represents a
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sovereign people who occupy a definite territory. Example - the Indian State, the Nepali State etc.
The Indian State has a democratic form of government. The government (or the executive) is one
part of the State. The State refers to more than just the government and cannot be used
interchangeably with it.
10. What are the functions of the three main organs of the government? Or What are the three organs
of government? Or Explain the functions of organs of government.
Ans: According to the Constitution, there are three organs of government. These are the
legislature, the executive and the judiciary.
i. The legislature refers to our elected representatives.
ii. The executive is a smaller group of people who are responsible for implementing laws and
iii. The judiciary refers to the system of courts in this country.
11. What are the factors the drafting committee had to take into consideration while drafting the
constitution?
Ans: The country was made up of several different communities who spoke different languages,
belonged to different religions, and had distinct cultures. Also, when the Constitution was being
written, India was going through considerable turmoil. The partition of the country into India and
Pakistan was imminent, some of the Princely States remained undecided
about their future, and the socio-economic condition of the vast mass of people appeared dismal.
All of these issues played on the minds of the members of the Constituent Assembly as they
drafted the Constitution.
12. Why does a democratic country need a Constitution?

Ans: A democratic country needs a Constitution because it serves several purposes.
i. First, it lays out certain ideals that form the basis of the kind of country that we as citizens
aspire to live in.
ii. The second important purpose of a Constitution is to define the nature of a country’s
political system
i. The third significant reason why we need a Constitution is to save us from ourselves. What
is meant by this is that we might at times feel strongly about an issue that might go against
our larger interests and the Constitution helps us guard against this.
13. How was the Indian Constitution made? Or How constitution of India is formed?
Ans: The long experience of authoritarian rule under the colonial state convinced Indians that free
India should be a democracy in which everyone should be treated equally and be allowed to
participate in government. What remained to be done then was to work out the ways in which a
democratic government would be set up in India and the rules that would determine its
functioning. This was done not by one person but by a group of around 300 people who became
members of the Constituent Assembly in 1946 and who met periodically for the next three years to
write India’s Constitution. Between December 1946 and November 1949, the Constituent
Assembly drafted a constitution for independent India.
14. What is the importance of constitution? OR Why the constitution is important for a democratic
country?
Ans: Importance of constitution:
i. A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can
agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed.
ii. The Constitution often lays down rules that guard against this misuse of authority by our
political leaders.
iii. Constitution ensures that a dominant group does not use its power against other, less
powerful people or groups.
iv. The Constitution helps to protect us against certain decisions that we might take that could
have an adverse effect on the larger principles that the country believes in.
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15. Write a brief note on the struggle for freedom in Nepal. Or Describe the journey of the people of
Nepal towards democracy?
Ans: The country of Nepal has witnessed several people’s struggles for democracy. There was a
people’s struggle in 1990 that established democracy that lasted for 12 years until 2002. In
October 2002, King Gyanendra, citing the Maoist uprising in the countryside as his reason, began
taking over different aspects of the government with the army’s assistance. The King then finally
took over as the head of government in February 2005. In November 2005, the Maoists joined
other political parties to sign a 12-point agreement. This agreement signalled to the larger public
an imminent return to democracy and peace. In 2006, this people’s movement for democracy
began gaining immense force. It repeatedly refused the small concessions that the King made and
finally in April 2006 the King restored the Third Parliament and asked the political parties to
form a government. In 2007, Nepal adopted an interim Constitution.
16. In each of the following situations, identify the minority. Write one reason why you think it is
important to respect the views of the minority in each of these situations.
(a) In a school with 30 teachers, 20 of them are male.
(b) In a city, 5 per cent of the populations are Buddhists.
(c) In a factory mess for all employees, 80 per cent are vegetarians.
(d) In a class of 50 students, 40 belong to more well-off families.
Ans:
(a) Female teachers are in the minority - It is important to respect the views of the minority so
that they do not feel left out or underpowered by majority.
(b) Buddhists are in the minority - It is important to respect the views of the minority because
every individual has the right to follow the religion of his choice.
(c) Non – vegetarians are in the minority – It is important to respect the views of the minority
because the food a person eats is his personal wish and so he should have the freedom to eat
what he wants.
(d) The under privileged are in minority – It is important to respect the views of the minority
because citizens cannot be discriminated on the bases rich or poor.
17. Listed below are the key features of the Indian Constitution. Write two sentences, in your own
words, on why you think this feature is important:
(a) Federalism
(b) Separation of Powers
(c) Fundamental Rights
(d) Parliamentary Form of Government
Ans:
(a) Federalism
i. This refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country. In India,
we have governments at the state level and at the centre. Panchayati Raj is the third tier of
government.
ii. Under federalism, the states are not merely agents of the federal government but draw their
authority from the Constitution as well.
iii. All persons in India are governed by laws and policies made by each of these levels of
government.
(b) Separation of Powers:
i. According to constitution, there are three organs of government. These are the legislature,
the executive and the judiciary.
ii. In order to prevent the misuse of power by any one branch of government, the Constitution
says that each of these organs should exercise different powers.
iii. Through this, each organ acts as a check on the other organs of government and this
ensures the balance of power between all three.
(c) Fundamental Rights:
i. Fundamental Rights guarantees the rights of individuals against the State as well as
against other individuals.
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ii. It also guarantees the rights of minorities against the majority.

(d) Parliamentary Form of Government:
i. The Constitution of India guarantees universal adult suffrage for all citizens. This would
help encourage a democratic mindset and break the clutches of traditional caste, class and
gender hierarchies. This means that the people of India have a direct role in electing their
representatives.
ii. Also, every citizen of the country, irrespective of his/her social background, can also
contest in elections. These representatives are accountable to the people.
18. Which Fundamental Rights will the following situations violate?

i. If a 13-year old child is working in a factory manufacturing carpets.
ii. If a politician in one state decides to not allow labourers from other states to work in his
state.
iii. If a group of people are not given permission to open a Telugu medium school in Kerala.
iv. If the government decides not to promote an officer of the armed forces for being a
woman.
Ans.
i. Right against Exploitation
ii. Right to Freedom
iii. Cultural and Educational Rights
iv. Right to Equality
19. What are the main purposes of a constitution?

Ans: All democratic countries are likely to have a Constitution, but on the other hand, it is
not necessary that all countries that have a Constitution are democratic. The Constitution serves
several purposes as listed below.
 A Constitution tells us what the fundamental nature of our society .
 A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can
agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed.
 It lays out certain ideals that form the basis of the kind of country that we as citizens aspire
to live in.
 It defines the nature of a country’s political system.
 It ensures that a dominant group does not use its power against other, less powerful people
or groups.
 It saves us from ourselves
20. How does the constitution protect us from different aspects?

Ans: The constitution of India protects us from any discriminatory behaviour by the freedom
of rights and the directive principles of state policies. According to the Indian Constitution every
people of India are equal before the law.
21. In a democracy, there is always the possibility that the leaders might misuse their authority and the
Constitution provides safeguards against their decisions? Explain with an example?
Ans: The Constitution provides safeguard against the misuse of power by leaders. For example if
there were no restrictions:
1. Gross injustice can be caused by misuse of authority.
2. The elected representatives may assume dictatorial powers & may encroach the
rights of the people.
Therefore, to ensure the protection of the rights of the citizens, some restrictions should be there
on the powers of the elected representatives.
22. Discuss the role of the members of the Indian Constituent Assembly in forming the Constitution
of India?
Ans: The Constituent Assembly of India was a sovereign body, which was formed on the
recommendations of the Cabinet Mission which visited India in 1946 to draft a Constitution for
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the country. However, later on the Constituent Assembly also faced certain criticisms after its
formation.
The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India. The
Constitution was framed by the Constituent Assembly and established under the Cabinet Mission
Plan.
23. How many members were in the Constituent Assembly of India? When did they frame the
Constitution of India?
Ans: Initially, the number of members was 389. After partition, some of the members went to
Pakistan and the number came down to 299. Out of this, 229 were from the British provinces and
70 were nominated from the princely states.
Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first temporary chairman of the Constituent Assembly.
Later, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President and its Vice President was Harendra
Coomar Mookerjee. BN Rau was the constitutional advisor.
Between December 1946 and November 1949, the Constituent Assembly drafted a
constitution for independent India. Free to shape their destiny at last, after 150 years of British
rule, the members of the Constituent Assembly approached this task with the great idealism that
the freedom struggle had helped produce.
24. The Indian Constitution passes through changes since its adoption. What does it show?
Ans: This shows that these changes are made due to the progressive development in India and the
implementation of new laws and orders are added to the constitution so that it may help in the
sovriegnity and secularism in india and these laws are made to maintain discipline amongst the
citizens of INDIA.
25. What is the difference in who exercises ‘Executive Power’ in the above two Constitutions of
Nepal?
Ans: The powers to rule the government, set laws, and manage the country are all invested in the
King of Nepal and the Ministers named under him, according to Article 35 of the Nepalese
Constitution of 1990. However, Article 75 of Nepal’s 2015 Constitution states that the country’s
rules, governance, and management will be based on the laws specified in the country’s
Constitution and will be overseen by the Ministers.
26. What would happen if there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives?
Ans: People in a democracy are responsible for choosing their representatives. However, there is
still the risk that politicians will abuse their power and use it for the wrong reasons. As a result,
the constitution has safeguards to protect the government from such abuses of authority.
27. What were the highlights of the text prepared by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who was the Chairman of
the constitution drafting committee?
Ans – Highlights of the Text prepared by Dr. Ambedkar are:-
 Constitutional guarantees and protections for individual citizens
 Freedom of religion
 Abolition of untouchability
 Outlawing of all forms of discrimination
 Economic and social rights for women
 Reservations of jobs in the civil services, schools and colleges for members of scheduled
castes and scheduled tribes.
28. A good Constitution does not allow sudden whims to change its basic structure. Explain with the
help of an example.
Ans – The Constitution helps to protect us against certain decisions that could have an adverse
effect on the larger principles that the country believes in. For example, it is possible that a
majority of people, who live in a democracy, might strongly feel that party politics has become so
acrimonious that we need a strong dictator to set this right. Swept by this emotion, the people may
not realise that in the long run, the dictatorial rule goes against all their interests. Thus, a good
Constitution does not allow certain sudden whims to change its basic structure.
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D. Picture Based Questions: Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:
Question:
1. What type of relation is in the figure signified amongst the member of the constituent assembly?
2. About whom does the above picture shows?
Answer:
1. There is shown an extraordinary sense of unity amongst the members of the constituent assembly.
2. It shows Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, a prominent member of constituent assembly
Question:
1. Whom does the picture refers to?
2. What was the believe of Dr. Ambedkar about the scheduled castes?
Answer:
1. Baba Sahab Dr. Ambedkar is shown as the Father of Indian Constitution.
2. Dr. Ambedkar believed that his participation in the constituent assembly helped the scheduled castes get
some safeguards in the draft constitution.
Question 1.
What does the picture shows?
Answer:
1. This shows about people standing in line to cast their votes.
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F. Write Correct Answer:
1. Which part of the Indian Constitution has been referred to as the ‘Conscience’.
(a) Secularism
(b) D.P.S.P
(d) Fundamental Duties
2. Constitution of a nation contains:

(a) Rules
(b) Laws
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
3. Which is the 3rd tier of government?

(a) Panchayati Raj
(b) Municipal corporation
(c) State government
(d) Central government
4. What refers to a goal or a principle in its most excellent or perfect form?

(a) Arbitrary
(b) Ideal
(c) Polity
(d) None of these
5. When did Indian National Congress (INC) make the demand for a Constituent Assembly?
(a) 1934
(b) 1945
(c) 1946
(d) 1947
6. By which time had the nationalist movement gained momentum?

(a) Beginning of 20th century
(b) Middle of 20th century
(c) End of 20th century
(d) None of these
7. When did the Maoists join other political parties in Nepal to sign a 12-point agreement?
(a) April 2006
(b) October 2007
(c) Nov, 2005
(d) Feb 2005
8. When did the King of Nepal finally take over as the head of government?
(a) February, 2002
(b) February, 2005
(c) February, 2007
(d) April, 2003
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9. The Constitution prohibits human trafficking, forced labour, and children working under 14
yrs of age. It is mentioned under which Fundament Right?
(a) Right to Freedom
(b) Right to Freedom of Religion
(c) Right to Constitutional Remedies
(d) Right against Exploitation
10. State governments have authority to make rules on subjects of

(a) Asian concern
(b) National concern
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
11. Which court issue the Writs?

(a) District Courts
(b) Panchayats
(c) Civil Courts/Criminal Courts
(d) Supreme Court/High Courts
12. Who has a role to play in formation of government under Universal Adult Suffrage?
(a) All adult Indians
(b) Only males
(c) All children
(d) None of these
13. Panchayati Raj is the tier of which government?

(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
14. What kind of role citizens of India play in electing representatives?

(a) Indirect
(b) No Role
(c) Direct
(d) Submissive
15. When did our Constitution was adopted and was enforced?
(a) 26 January, 1950
(b) 15 August, 1947
(c) 2 October, 1950
(d) 26 November, 1949
16. What refers to independent people in a democratic form of government?

(a) Sovereign
(b) Ideal
(c) Polity
(d) Trafficking
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17. According to which set of fundamental rules the country functions?

(a) A law
(b) An amendment
(c) A constitution
(d) A preamble
18. If a 13-year old child is working in a factory, what is it called?

(a) Freedom to education
(b) Child labour
(d) None of these
19. By which amendment the Fundamental duties were included in the Constitution?
(a) 38th Amendment
(b) 42nd Amendment
(c) 40th Amendment
(d) 39th Amendment
20. Which of the following are Fundamental Rights?

(a) Right to equality
(b) Right to freedom
(c) Right against exploitation
(d) All of these
21. In which year the Fundamental duties were included in the Constitution?
(a) 1972
(b) 1976
(c) 1985
(d) 1970
22. What is the significance of the Preamble in the Indian Constitution?

(a) States the objectives of the president
(b) States the objectives of the election
(c) States the objectives of the Constitution
(d) None of these
23. Which defines the set of rules to govern country?

(a) Preamble
(b) Sovereignty
(c) Constitution
(d) None of these
24. What are the Fundamental Rights provided by the Constitution of India?
(a) Right to equality
(b) Right to freedom
(c) Right against exploitation
(d) All of the above
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25. What defines the introduction to our constitution?

(a) Preamble
(b) Sovereignty
(c) Constitution
(d) None of these
26. Which of the following includes in a parliamentary form of government?

(a) The Council of Ministers exercises all powers headed by the Prime Minister.
(b) The head of the State, President, enjoys real powers.
(c) Union and States enjoy equal powers.
(d) Right to vote is limited.
27. Right against exploitation does not include which prohibition?

(a) Prohibition of trafficking
(b) Prohibition of forced labor
(c) Prohibition of employment of children below 14 years of age
(d) Prohibition of untouchability
28. Define Preamble?

(a) Idol of lion
(b) Format of rules
(c) Introduction to our constitution
(d) None of these
29. What do you mean by republican form of government?

(a) No king in republic
(b) No British in republic
(c) No female in republic
(d) None of these
30. What is Sovereignty?

(a) Freedom to establish new country
(b) Freedom to govern oneself
(c) Peoples government
(d) None of these
31. What is the name of the Kingship or rule of a king?

(a) Democracy
(b) Constitution
(c) Monarchy
(d) None of these
32. What do you mean by secular state?

(a) Don’t have any official religion
(b) Don’t have any king
(c) Don’t have any preamble
(d) None of these
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33. What do you mean by Right to equality?

(a) Rich people are higher than poorer
(b) All are equal before law
(c) Government officer are superior
(d) None of these
34. What implies all the citizens of a country are equal before law?
(a) Parliamentary rule
(b) Independence of the judiciary
(c) Right to equality
(d) Fundamental rights
(b) 15 August, 1947
(c) 2 October, 1950
36. Who is the father of the Indian Constitution?

(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Sardar Patel
(d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
37. Constitution of a nation contains:

(a) Rules
(b) Laws
(d) None of these
38. What refers to a goal or a principle in its most excellent or perfect form?
(a) Arbitrary
(b) Ideal
(c) Polity
(d) None of these
39. By which time had the nationalist movement gained momentum?

(a) Beginning of 20th century
(b) Middle of 20th century
(c) End of 20th century
(d) None of these
40. When did the King of Nepal finally take over as the head of government?
(a) February, 2002
(b) February, 2005
(c) February, 2007
(d) April, 2003
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(a) Asian concern
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
(b) Only males
(c) All children
(d) None of these

(a) Indirect
(b) No Role
(c) Direct
(d) Submissive

(a) Sovereign
(b) Ideal
(c) Polity
(d) Trafficking

(b) Child labour
(d) None of these
46. That the state promotes

(a) One religion
(b) No religion
(d) None of these
47. Who was the first Prime Minister of Free India

(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Lai Bahadur Shastri
(c) Mrs. Indira Gandhi
(d) Guljari Lai Nanda
(b) 15 August, 1947
(c) 2 October, 1950
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49. According to which set of fundamental rules the country functions?

(a) A law
(b) An amendment
(c) A constitution
(d) A preamble
50. Right against exploitation does not include which prohibition?

(a) Prohibition of trafficking
(b) Prohibition of forced labor
(c) Prohibition of employment of children below 14 years of age
(d) Prohibition of untouchability
51. By which amendment the Fundamental duties were included in the Constitution?
(a) 38th Amendment
(b) 42nd Amendment
(c) 40th Amendment
(d) 39th Amendment

(a) Asian concern
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
(b) Only males
(c) All children
(d) None of these

(a) Indirect
(b) No Role
(c) Direct
(d) Submissive

(a) Sovereign
(b) Ideal
(c) Polity
(d) Trafficking

(b) Child labour
(d) None of these
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57. What are the objectives for implementing the fundamental rights according to Dr. B.R.
Ambedkar?
(a) To ensure every citizen is benefited
(b) To ensure every citizen is rich
(c) To ensure every citizen has ration card
(d) None of these
58. Which part of the Indian Constitution has been referred to as the ‘Conscience’.
(a) Secularism
(b) D.P.S.P
(d) Fundamental Duties
59. Which is the 3rd tier of government?

(a) Panchayati Raj
(b) Municipal corporation
(c) State government
(d) Central government
60. When did Indian National Congress (INC) make the demand for a Constituent Assembly?
(a) 1934
(b) 1945
(c) 1946
(d) 1947
61. What is Democracy?

(a) Rule of people
(b) Rule of king
(c) Rule of British
(d) None of these
62. What is a Constitution?

(a) Set of rules of court
(b) Set of rules to govern country.
(c) Set of rules of company
(d) None of these
63. What type of government India practiced?

(a) Monarchy
(b) Democracy
(c) Anarchy
(d) None of these
64. Buying and selling of human beings include in which right?

(a) Right to Equality
(b) Right to Freedom
(c) Right against Exploitation
(d) None of these
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65. In 1934, _____ demanded for a Constituent Assembly for the first time.
(a) Indian National Congress
(b) Swarajya Party
(c) Forward Block
(d) Communist Party
66. The system of courts in the country is collectively referred as ______.

(a) Judiciary
(b) Congress
(c) Ministers
(d) Executive
67. ____ was the first Finance minister of India.

(a) Atal Bihari Bajpai
(b) John Mathai
(c) Maulana Azad
(d) Liaquat Ali
68. ____ were urged by B R Ambedkar to join government and civil services.
(a) Hindus
(b) Pashtuns
(c) Scheduled Castes
(d) Muslims
69. The first Health Minister of Independent India was _____.

(a) Aruna Asaf Ali
(b) Indira Gandhi
(c) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
(d) C Rajaji
70. _____ was the first Prime Minister of independent India.

(a) Sardar Patel
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Maulana Azad
71. The Indian Constitution was finally completed in _____.

(a) November 1946
(b) September 1949
(c) November 1949
(d) August 1950
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72. _____ was the President of the Constituent Assembly.

(a) Dr Rajendra Prasad
(b) S Radhakrishnan
(c) B R Ambedkar
(d) C Rajaji
73. The elected representatives in India are part of ____.

(a) Judiciary
(b) Legislature
(c) Executive
(d) Cabinet
74. Everyone is equal before law.’ This right falls under _______.
(a) Right to Education
(b) Right to Vote
(c) Right to Equality
(d) Right to Study
88. Match the following

A.
Column-I Column-II
1. Gurantees the rights of individuals against the state (a) Panchayati Raj
2. Father of the Indian Constitution (b) Federalism
3. 3rd tier of the government (c)Fundamental Rights
4. Existence of more than one level of government (d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
5. The cruel and unjust use of power and authority (e) Tyranny
Ans: 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b, 5-e
B.
Column A Column B
(a) INC (i) 15th August, 1947
(b) Constitution of India (ii) 26th January, 1950
(c) A group of 300 people (iii) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Independence Day of India (iv) Doctors
(e) School (v) Constitution Assembly in 1946
(f) Father of Nation (vi) Teachers
(g) Republic Day (vii) Indian National Congress
(viii) Bhimrao Ambedkar
Ans: a.-vii, b. –viii, c-v, d-i, e-vi, f-iii, g-ii

89. State whether true or false:
29 | P a g e
1. The Indian Constitution was written by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. (False)

2. Nepal adopted an Interim Constitution in 2007. (True)
3. The Constitution of India consists of the Fundamental Rights. (True)
4. Nepal, was a Monarchy in 1990. (True)
5. The Constitution of India came in force on 15th August 1947. (False)
6. The 3rd significant purpose of the Constitution is to save us from ourselves. (True)
7. Discrimination is the part of our Constitution. (False)
8. In a monarchy, citizens choose their leaders so that they can exercise power with
responsibility on the citizen’s behalf. (False)
9. There are three organs of the state according to the Indian Constitution. (True)
10. It is not necessary that all countries that have Constitution are democratic.(True)
11. In 2007, Nepal adopted an interim Constitution. (True)
12. Mahatma Gandhi was known as the father of the Indian Constitution. (False)
90. Fill in the blanks:

1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is known as the father of the Indian Constitution.
2. Tyranny refers to the cruel and unjust use of power or authority.
3. Ideal refers to a goal or a principle in its more excellent or perfect form.
4. Buddhists in India are counted as minority.
5. In Democratic societies, Constitution often lays down rules that guard against the misuse of
authority by our political leaders.
7. Between December 1946 and November 1949 the Constituent Assembly drafted a Constitution
for independent India.
8. Government is responsible for administering and enforcing laws.
9. Federalism refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country.
30 | P a g e

Civics Class VIII - Chapter-1

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Class-VIII Chapter-1st The Indian Constitution Subject-Civics

1. The Indian Constitution

1. Is India a "republican form of government"?

3. Define the term „Fundamental Rights‟.

6. What is the significance of the Preamble in the Indian Constitution?

7. Is it necessary that all countries having a Constitution are democratic?

9. Define Right to Freedom of Religion.

10. What is meant by the major change in the Constitution?

11. Define the term Ideal.

15. What does a good constitution never allows any whims?

16. Define Sovereign.

17. What does legislative refers to?

18. Define Tyranny.

19. What do you understand by the term Federation?

20. Which is known as the 3rd tier of the Government?

21. What does a secular state never officially promotes?

22. When constituent assembly was founded?

25. What does our constitution contain?

26. What is Right against Exploitation?

27. What is Right to Equality?

28. What do you mean by federalism?

29. What is human trafficking?

30. What does the word ‘State’ refer to?

31. What do you mean by a secular state?

34. What do you mean by 'Right to Constitutional Remedies'?

35. What do you understand by monarchy?

37. Who is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution?

38. What is a “State”?

39. What do you understand by a secular state?

40. What is democracy?

41. What is universal adult franchise?

46. In which year Nepal became a democracy?

47. In which year did Nepal make a constitution of their own?

49. On which grounds no citizen of India can be discriminated?

50. What is inter-community domination?

51. What is intra-community domination?

53. Around ______ people were there in the constituent assembly.

54. What was the main aim of the Constitution makers?

55. Which is the third tier of the government?

58. Who have direct role in electing the representatives?

59. To whom the representatives are accountable to?

60. What is legislature?

61. What is executive?

64. What is a secular state?

67. Who was the president of the constituent assembly?

68. Who was the first finance minister of India?

69. Who was the first deputy prime Minister of India?

70. Who was the first labour Minister of India?

71. Who was the first minister of food and agriculture?

72. Who was the first health minister of India?

B. Long Question Answer (3 Marks):

1. Why do we need a Constitution?

2. Write a short note on the Parliamentary form of Government.

3. What are the federal features of the Constitution of India?

5. List the Fundamental Rights provided by the Constitution of India.

7. What is the purpose of the Constitution?

8. Define the term “Directive Principles of the State Policy”.

10. Why Preamble is regarded as the soul of our constitution?