INDEX

1) SQL 2) PL/SQL 3) Database 4) DBMS 5) RDBMS

SQL
SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases. Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL statements.

What is SQL?
SQL stands for Structured Query Language SQL lets you access and manipulate databases SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard

What Can SQL do?

SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and view

PL/SQL
What is PL/SQL?
PL/SQL stands for Procedural Language extension of SQL. PL/SQL is a combination of SQL along with the procedural features of programming languages. It was developed by Oracle Corporation in the early 90s to enhance the capabilities of SQL.

Advantages of PL/SQL
These are the advantages of PL/SQL. Block Structures: PL SQL consists of blocks of code, which can be nested within each other. Each block forms a unit of a task or a logical module. PL/SQL Blocks can be stored in the database and reused. Procedural Language Capability: PL SQL consists of procedural language constructs such as conditional statements (if else statements) and loops like (FOR loops). Better Performance: PL SQL engine processes multiple SQL statements simultaneously as a single block, thereby reducing network traffic. Error Handling: PL/SQL handles errors or exceptions effectively during the execution of a PL/SQL program. Once an exception is caught, specific actions can be taken depending upon the type of the exception or it can be displayed to the user with a message

DATABASE
A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images.

Kilobyte, Megabyte ,Gigabyte ,Terabyte, Petabyte , Exabyte, zettabyte , then yottabyte

DBMS
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and the use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications by database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. A database is an integrated collection of data records, files, and other database objects. A DBMS allows different user application programs to concurrently access the same database. DBMSs may use a variety of database models, such as the relational model or object model, to conveniently describe and support applications. It typically supports query languages, which are in fact high-level programming languages, dedicated database languages that considerably simplify writing database application programs. A DBMS is a set of software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database. DBMSs are categorized according to their data structures or types. The DBMS accepts requests for data from an application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data. Database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. Some DBMS examples include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft Access, SQL Server, FileMaker, Oracle, RDBMS, dBASE, Clipper, and FoxPro

RDBMS
What is RDBMS?

RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. RDBMS data is structured in database tables, fields and records. Each RDBMS table consists of database table rows. Each database table row consists of one or more database table fields. Row = Record = Tuple Column = Field = Attribute. Column Row

RDBMS store the data into collection of tables, which might be related by common fields (database table columns). RDBMS also provide relational operators to manipulate the data stored into the database tables. Most RDBMS use SQL as database query language. The most popular RDBMS are MS SQL Server, DB2, Oracle and MySQL. RDBMS is a type of database management system (DBMS) that storesdata in the form of related tables. Relational databases are powerful because they require few assumptions about how data is related or how it will be extracted from the database. As a result, the same database can be viewed in many different ways. An important feature of relational systems is that a single database can be spread across several tables. This differs from flat-file databases, in which each database is self-contained in a single table. Almost all full-scale database systems are RDBMS's. Small database systems, however, use other designs that provide less flexibility in posing queries. RDBMS is an acronym for Relational Database Management System. The data in RDBMS is stored in database objects called tables. The database tables are the primary data storage for every RDBMS and essentially they are collections of related data entries. For example a table called Users might store information about many persons, and each entry in this table will represent one unique user. Even though all user entries in the Users table are unique, they are related in the sense that they describe similar objects. Table Users

FirstName John David Susan

LastName Smith Stonewall Grant

DateOfBirth 12/12/1969 01/03/1954 03/03/1970

Each database table consists of columns and rows. Each table column defines the type of data stored in it, and this data type is valid for all rows in this table. A table row is a collection of data having 1 entry for each column in this particular table. RDBMS store the data into group of tables, which might or might not be related by common fields (database table columns). RDBMS also provide relational operators to insert/update/delete information stored into the database tables. MS SQL Server, DB2, Oracle and MySQL are all Relational Database Management Systems.