Introduction to Statistics Work sheet: From Chapter 1 - 4

DILLA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS

WORK SHEET

1. Classify the following sentences as belonging to the area of descriptive statistics or inferential statistics.
a) As a result of recent cutbacks by oil-producing nations, we can expect the price of gasoline to
double in the next year.
b) At least 5% of all killings reported last year in city X were due to tourists.
c) Of all patients who received this particular type of drug at a clinic Y, 75% later developed
significant side effect.
d) Adane concludes that his chance of passing the first year this academic year is at least 80% based
on the statistics that 75% of the freshmen passed last year.
2. Classify each of the following first as qualitative or quantitative and second as nominal (categorical)
ordinal, interval, or ratio measure.
a) Times for swimmers to complete a 50-meter race
b) Months of the year Meskerm, Tikimit…
c) Socioeconomic status of a family when classified as low, middle and upper classes.
d) Blood type of individuals, A, B, AB and O.
e) Pollen counts provided as numbers between 1 and 10 where 1 implies there is almost no pollen and
10 that it is rampant, but for which the values do not represent an actual counts of grains of pollen.
f) Regions numbers of Ethiopia (1, 2, 3 etc.)
g) The number of students in a college;
h) The net wages of a group of workers;
i) The height of the men in the same town;
3. For each of the hypothetical research situations described, identify the scale of measurement and indicate
whether the data are discrete or continuous.
a) Number of complaint letters received by a firm’s administrator
b) You measure the body lengths (in inches) of 10 full term infants as birth and record the following:
17.5 19.5 17.5 19 20
21 18 18 19.5 10.75
c) Number of tomato’s on each plant in a field
d) Number of students taking ESLCE each year
e) Miles driven by city -bus drivers each day
f) Number of cartons of corn oil manufactured each day
g) Weights of newborn children at Black Lion hospital
h) Geologists have a “hardness scale” for identifying different rocks, called Mohs’scale. The hardest
rock (diamond) has a value of 10 and will scratch all others. The second hardest will scratch all but
diamond, and so on, down to a rock such as talc, with a value of one, which can be scratched by any
other rock
i) The volumes of three different cubes are 40, 64, and65 cubic inches.
j) Three different high ways are identified by their umbers:40,64,and 65
k) Republicans, Democrats, Independents, and others are identified on the voters’ list with numbers 1,
2, 3, &4
l) The pages of a book are numbered from 1 through 150

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Introduction to Statistics Work sheet: From Chapter 1 - 4
m) The winner of the Miss America was Miss California; runners-up were Miss Ohio and Miss
Pennsylvania
n) The prices on three items were $3.00, $10.00, and$12.00.
o) She earned three degrees: B.SC., M.SC., and PhD.
4. Find the class boundaries class marks and class widths for the following intervals (classes).
a) 6-13 b) (-8)-(-1) c) 0.378 – 0.677 d) 68.99 – 88.97
5. Which of the diagrams is most appropriate for each of the following data set? Draw the diagrams.
a) Students enrolled to a certain department from year 1 to 3
No. of students
Year Male Female
1 50 20
2 45 15
3 40 10
b) Net profit (in million birr) earned by different companies in 1980
Company Net profit
A 20
B -15
C 30
6. Construct a frequency distribution of weights of miniature poodles if the class marks are 6.5, 8.5, 10.5,
12.5 and 14.5 kgs with corresponding frequencies 8, 12, 22, 17 and 3.
7. The investigator was interested in studying the martial status, which is often grouped as Single(S),
Married (M), Divorced (D), and Widowed (W) of people in a certain town. The following data were
obtained.
D S D D SW S D S S D D W M M S D D D W M S S W M D D M D WD S SW D D S D S M W M D S
DWDMSSDWWSSSWSDMWSS
a. To which scale of measurement do these data belongs?
b. Summarize the data by constructing the appropriate frequency distribution
c. Present the data using the appropriate Graph/Diagrams.

8. Suppose data collected for heights (in cms) 0f 390 cows were tabulated in a frequency distribution and the
following results were obtained.

fi : 6, 25, 48, 72, 116, 60, 38, 22, 3

CM1 =112, CM2=117 where CMi ith class mark
Determine:
a. the class interval size (class width)
b. the class limits
c. class boundaries
d. class marks
e. the less than cumulative frequency distribution
f. the class intervals having the highest frequency
g. Above which height do we find 50% of the cows?
h. Below which height do we get 25% of the cows?
Draw
A. histogram
B. a frequency polygon
C. a less than ogive for the above data

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Introduction to Statistics Work sheet: From Chapter 1 - 4
9. The following is the distribution of weights of 125 mineral specimen collected on the field trip.
Weight No.of i) If possible, find the number of specimen, which weigh
(Grams) Specimen a) at most 40.0 gram b) 40.0 gram or more c) Less than 40.0 gram
0.0-19.9 19 d) at least 120.0 gram e) Exactly 20.0 gram
20.0-39.9 36 ii) Draw an appropriate Diagram / Graph for the distribution.
40.0-59.9 35
60.0-79.9 17 10. What are the objectives of studying averages?
80.0-99.9 11 11. What do measures of central tendency represent? When is an average
100-119.9 3 a typical average?
120-139.9 2 12. If you have an open-end continuous series, which measures of central
Total 123 tendency do you recommend representing this series? Why?
13. If the arithmetic mean and the geometric mean of two observations
are 6.5 and 6 respectively, find the values of the observations.
14. A person purchased the following quantities of cement (kg) with rates shown at 4 stores:
Store Quantity purchased (kg) Rate of purchase (kg/birr)
A 15 20
B 20 16
C 25 12
D 40 10
Determine the average amount of cement the person purchased for one birr.

15. a) Determine the missing frequencies of the following distribution given that the median is 33.5 and the
mode is 34.0.

Class limits 0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 Total
Freq. 4 16 f3 f4 f5 6 4 230

b) Compute the arithmetic mean.

c) Compute the value below which 25% of the observations lie.
d) Compute the value above which 25% of the observations lie

16. The following data on income in the form of cumulative frequency distribution is given:
INCOME NO.OF PERSONS Find (a) construct a complete Grouped Frequency table
100---200 15 (b) Draw the appropriate graph
100---300 33 (c) The mean
100---400 63 (d) The median and all quartiles
100---500 83 (e) The 2nd and the 8th deciles
100---600 100 (f) The 40th and the 90th percentiles

17. Some characteristics of annually family income distribution (in Birr) in two regions is as follows:
Region Mean Median Standard Deviation
A 6250 5100 960
B 6980 5500 940
a) For which region is the income more consistent?
b) If a household X from region A has an annual family income of 5800 birr and a household Y from
region B has an annual family income of 6200 birr. Relatively speaking, which household earns higher
annual income?

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Introduction to Statistics Work sheet: From Chapter 1 - 4

18. The number of employees in two hospitals A and B, the average wage of employees and the variances of
wages are given below:
Hospital A Hospital B
No. of employees 50 100
Mean wage 120 85
Variance 9 6
a) In which hospital is the variation in the distribution of wages greater?
b) Suppose the wage of an employee in hospital B was wrongly noted as 120 instead of 250. What will
be the corrected mean for hospital B?
19. a) Explain the meaning of dispersion
b) What purpose does a measure of dispersion serve?
c) Why are measures of central tendency not sufficient to study a frequency distribution?
d) Distinguish between absolute and relative measures of dispersion.
20. In a final exam in a Statistics course, the mean mark of a group of 150 students is 78 and the standard
deviation is 8. In Mathematics exam of the same group, the mean is 73 and the standard deviation was 7.6.
a) In which exam was there a greater dispersion?
b) Suppose a student scored 75 in Statistics and 71 in Mathematics. In which exam was his relative
standing better?
c) Suppose Student “ A ” scored 80 in Statistics and 75 in Mathematics while student “ B” scored 75
in Statistics and 80 in mathematics , whose performance is better A or B ?

21. A newly married couple is planning to have three children. List the elements of the sample space
a) using M for male and F for female
b) if the sample points in the sample space represents the number of females
22. Four married couples have bought 8 seats in a row for a show. In how many different ways can they be
seated
a) If each couple is to sit together?
b) If all the women sit together?
c) If all the women sit together to the right of all the men?
23. If a multiple choice test consists of 4 questions each with 4 possible answers of which one is correct
a) In how many different ways can a student check off one answer to each question?
b) In how many different ways can a student check off one answer for each question and get all the
questions wrong?
24. Four men and three women are to be seated at a lunch counter that has only five stools.
a) In how many ways can the customers be arranged at the counter?
b) In how many ways can they be arranged at the counter if all the women are to be seated?
c) In how many ways can they be arranged at the counter if all the women are to be seated and if
men occupy the first and last stool?
d) If customers take seats at random, what is the probability that all of the men are seated and
that a woman occupies the middle stool?
25. In how many ways can a committee of three be chosen from 4 married couples if
a) All are equally eligible?
b) One particular man must be on the committee?
c) Husband and wife can not serve in the same committee?
26. One bag contains 4 white balls and 3 black balls, and the second bag contains
3 white balls and 5 black balls. One ball is drawn at random from the second bag and placed unseen in
the first bag. What is the probability that a ball now drawn from the first bag is white?

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Introduction to Statistics Work sheet: From Chapter 1 - 4
27. In a large graduating class of 100 students 54 studied mathematics, 69 studied library science, and 35
studied both mathematics and library science. If one of these student is selected at random, find the
probability that
a) The student takes mathematics or library science
b) The student does not take either of these subjects
c) The student takes library science but not mathematics
28. Let A and B be two events associated with an experiment and suppose that P(A)=0.4 while P(AUB)=0.7.
Let P(B)=P
a) For what choice of P are A and B mutually exclusive?
b) For what choice of P are A and B independent?
29. The personnel department of a company has records which show the following analysis of its 200
accountants.
Age Bachelor’s degree only Master’s degree
Under 30 90 10
30 to 40 20 30
Over 40 40 10
If one accountant is selected at random from the company, find
i) The probability he has only a bachelor’s degree
ii) The probability he has a master’s degree, given that he is over 40
iii) The probability he is under 30, given that he has a bachelor’s degree
30. Two dice are rolled. Let X be a random variable denoting the sum of the numbers on the two dice.
i) Give the probability distribution of X
ii) Compute the expected value of X and its variance
31. State the conditions (assumptions) under which random variable can have a binomial distribution.
32. Let the probability that a freshman entering DU (Science Faculty) will survive first semester is 0.92.
Assuming this pattern remain unchanged over the subsequent years, what is the probability that among
100 randomly selected freshmen in first semester,
a) None will survive?
b) Exactly 97 will survive?
c) At least three will survive?
33. A multiple-choice test consists of six questions and three choices to each question (of which only one is
correct). If a student answers each question by rolling a balanced die and checking the first answer if he
gets a 1 or a 2, the second answer if he gets a 3 or a 4, and the third answer if he gets a 5 or a 6, find the
probabilities of getting
a) Exactly three answers
b) No correct answers
c) At least five correct answers.
34. A secretary makes 2 errors per page on average. What is the probability that on the next page she makes
a) 4 or more errors?
b) No errors?
35. It is known that bacteria of a certain kind occur in water at a rate 2 bacteria per cubic centimeter of water.
Assuming that the phenomenon obeys a Poisson probability law, what is the probability that a sample of
two cube centimeters of water will contain
i) No bacteria?
ii) At least one bacterias?
36. Women’s shoes are manufactured in sizes 2, 3, 4,…., 8. Size 5 is suitable for a foot of length ranging from
9.25 inches to 9.5 inches. If length of women’s foot are normally distributed with mean 9.4 inches and
standard deviation 0.25 inches, how many pairs of size 5 are required out of every 10,000 pairs
manufactured?(Hint: Use expected value)
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Introduction to Statistics Work sheet: From Chapter 1 - 4
37. The scores for a mathematics course seems to be normally distributed with mean 70 & standard deviation
of 8.If the instructor wishes to give an A grade to 10% of the students, what should be the dividing line
between an A grade and a B grade?

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