Reebok

Reebok International Limited (/ˈriːbɒk/) is an American fitness

footwear and clothing manufacturer that is a part of Authentic Reebok International
Brands Group. It was established in England in 1958 as a Limited
companion company to J.W. Foster and Sons, a sporting goods
company which had been founded in 1895 in Bolton, Lancashire.
From 1958 until 1986, the brand featured the flag of Great Britain
in its logo to signify the origins of the company.[3] The company
was bought by German sporting goods company Adidas in
2005;[4][5] Adidas then sold Reebok to Authentic Brands Group in
2021. The company's global headquarters are located in Boston, Type Subsidiary
Massachusetts,[6] in the Seaport District.[7][8] Industry Textile, Sports
equipment
Predecessor J.W. Foster and
Contents Sons
Founded 1895 (as J.W.
History
Foster &
Early history
Sons)[note 1] in
1980s–1990s Bolton, Lancashire,
2000s England
Adidas ownership 1958 (as Reebok)
Authentic Brands Group ownership Joe and Jeff Foster
Founder
Logo evolution Headquarters Boston,
Offices Massachusetts,
USA
Products
Area served Worldwide
Endorsements
Asia Key people Matthew O'Toole
Europe (CEO)

Russia Products Sportswear,

footwear
North America
United States Brands List

Oceania Classic
South America
Freestyle
Non-sport related endorsements
Nano
Charitable work Princess
See also Pump
Notes Ventilator
References Zig

External links Parent Authentic Brands

Group (2022–
present)
 Website reebok.com (http
History s://www.reebok.co
m/us/)

Early history

In 1895, Joseph William Foster at the age of 14 started work in his bedroom above his father's sweetshop in
Bolton, England, and designed some of the earliest spiked running shoes.[9] After his ideas progressed, he
founded his business "J.W. Foster" in 1900; later he joined with his sons and changed the company name
to J.W. Foster and Sons.[10] Foster opened a small factory called Olympic Works, and gradually became
famous among athletes for his "running pumps".[9] For pioneering the use of spikes, the company's running
pumps appear in the book Golden Kicks: The Shoes that changed Sport.[11] The company began
distributing their shoes across the flag of the United Kingdom which were worn by British athletes. They
were made famous by 100m Olympic champion Harold Abrahams in the 1924 Summer Olympics held in
Paris.[11][12]

In 1958, in Bolton, two of the founder's grandsons, Joe and Jeff Foster, formed a companion company
"Reebok", having found the name in a dictionary won in a sprint race by Joe as a boy. The name is
Afrikaans for the grey rhebok, a type of African antelope.[11][13]

In 1979, an American businessman named Paul Fireman took notice of Reebok at the Chicago NSGA
(National Sporting Goods of America) Show. Fireman had previously been an executive with his family
business Boston Camping[14] Fireman negotiated a deal to license and distribute the Reebok brand in the
United States. The division became known as Reebok USA Ltd.[15] Later that year, Fireman introduced
three new shoes to the market at $60. By 1981, Reebok reached more than $1.5 million in sales.[10]

1980s–1990s

In 1982, Reebok debuted the Reebok Freestyle aerobics shoe, the first athletic shoe designed for
women.[10][16] The following year Reebok's sales were $13 million.[17] Fireman bought the English-based
parent company in 1984. Officially an American company in 1985, Reebok had its initial public offering
on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol RBK.[12][18]

The brand established itself in professional tennis with the Newport Classic shoe, popularized by Boris
Becker and John McEnroe, and the Revenge Plus, also known as the Club C. The company began
expanding from tennis and aerobics shoes to running and basketball throughout the mid to late 1980s, the
largest segments of the athletic footwear industry at the time.[18] In 1986, Reebok switched its logo from
the Union Jack it had since its founding, to the vector logo—an abstract Union flag streak across a race
track—which mirrored the design of the side flashes of its shoes.[3][19] The switch signaled the transition of
the company into a performance brand as it began licensing deals with professional athletes in the NBA
and NFL.[20]

During the 1980s Reebok began introducing sports clothing and accessories (alongside entering the
college/pro sports arena), along with a line of children's athletic shoes called Weeboks.[21] By mid-decade,
Reebok's sales were about $1 billion.[22] One of the company's most iconic technologies,[23] the Reebok
Pump, debuted in 1989[24][25] with more than 100 professional athletes wearing the footwear by 1992,
including Shaquille O'Neal.[10][26]

Reebok worked with fitness professional Gin Miller in the late 1980s to develop Step Reebok, based on
Miller's wooden prototype step and her ideas for step aerobics. The Step was evaluated in physiology trials
undertaken by Drs. Lorna and Peter Francis at San Diego State University. In August 1989 the Step was
ready, made in molded plastic by Sports Step of Atlanta with Reebok's name on it,[27] and by March 1990,
the step aerobics classes were attracting media attention.[28] Miller promoted Step Reebok in person,
touring the U.S. and demonstrating it at exercise studios. Step aerobics became widely popular, helping the
company sell many thousands of adjustable-height step devices and millions of high-top shoes with ankle
support.[13] Step aerobics peaked in 1995 with 11.4 million people exercising in that style.[29]

Reebok named Carl Yankowski president and chief executive officer of the brand in 1998, replacing former
president Robert Meers.[30][31] Yankowski stepped down one year later to accept an executive position at
another company. Reebok chairman and CEO Paul Fireman took over as president for the first time in 12
years.[31]

2000s

Reebok signed Venus Williams after she won singles titles at Wimbledon and the 2000 Summer
Olympics.[32] In December 2000, Reebok signed a 10-year licensing agreement with the NFL for the
exclusive rights to manufacture and sell NFL licensed merchandise, including uniforms and footwear, for
all 32 teams.[33] Reebok also became the official uniform and apparel provider for the Canadian Football
League in 2004.[34]

In 2001, Reebok became the exclusive apparel outfitter for the 29 teams in the NBA,[35] and 16 WNBA
teams for ten years beginning in the 2004–2005 season.[36] The deal also added the Reebok vector logo to
the 2004 U.S. Olympic basketball team's uniforms.[37] Also in 2001, Reebok hired the Arnell Group with
Peter Arnell as their lead marketing agency. They created the "Outperform" campaign, the Yao Ming line,
the Rbk brand and the famous Terry Tate Super Bowl commercial, among other programs.[38][39][40] Later
in 2001, Jay Margolis was named as Reebok's president and COO.[41] After launching retail flagship stores
in China, Dhaka, London, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia and Tokyo, Margolis resigned in October
2004. Fireman took over as president after signing a new long-term employment agreement with the
Reebok board of directors.[42]

Reebok acquired official National Hockey League sponsor CCM in 2004. The company began
manufacturing ice hockey equipment under the CCM and Reebok brands. Reebok phased out the CCM
name on NHL authentic and replica jerseys, using the Reebok logo since 2005. CCM became Reebok-
CCM Hockey in 2007. Reebok moved most of its hockey equipment lines to CCM after 2015.[43] In 2017,
Adidas sold CCM to a Canadian private equity firm, Birch Hill Equity Partners, for around $100
million.[44]

Adidas ownership

Following an intellectual property lawsuit in August 2005, Adidas acquired Reebok as a subsidiary, uniting
two of the largest sport outfitting companies, but maintaining operations under their separate brand
names.[45] Adidas acquired all of the outstanding Reebok shares and completed the deal valued at $3.8
billion.[46] Following the acquisition, Adidas replaced Reebok as the official uniform supplier for the NBA
in 2006[3] with an 11-year deal that includes the WNBA, replica jerseys, and warm-up gear.[47]

Reebok named Paul Harrington president and CEO of the company in January 2006, replacing Paul
Fireman who was acting president since 2004. Harrington joined the company in 1994 and was Reebok's
senior vice president of global operations and chief supply chain officer.[48]
 In 2010, Reebok announced a partnership with
CrossFit, a fitness company and competitive fitness
sport, including sponsoring the CrossFit Games,
opening CrossFit studios, and introducing a line of co-
branded footwear and apparel for Fall 2011.[49] In 2011,
Reebok debuted the CrossFit delta symbol on the
brand's fitness apparel line. Around that time, Reebok,
as it lost contracts to make sportswear for professional
Adidas Reebok European headquarters in
and college teams, (its last uniform rights contract, with
Amsterdam (2017)
the NHL, ended in 2017) began repositioning itself as a
fitness-oriented brand, just as it had been during the
1980s and early 1990s.[50]

In 2013, Reebok announced another fitness partnership with Les Mills International.[3] The agreement
included Reebok footwear and clothing integration into Les Mills' fitness programs and media marketing.
By July 2013, the red delta sign began appearing on Reebok's fitness collections. The brand announced it
was phasing out the vector logo and replacing it with the delta sign, the company's second logo change in
more than 120 years. The delta symbol is meant to symbolize three pillars of positive self-change—mental,
physical and social—as Reebok increases its presence in the fitness industry with yoga, dance, aerobics and
CrossFit.[20]

Following a successful re-release of many of its iconic sneaker and apparel lines from the early/mid 1990s,
in November 2019, Reebok announced that it was updating the 1992 vector logo along with the original
"Reebok" script in Motter Tektura typeface and restoring both as the company's core brand identity, citing
that consumers still identified with them rather than the red delta logo,[51] although the delta would
continue to be used on some fitness lines.

Authentic Brands Group ownership

After some financial struggles, Adidas announced in February 2021 its plans to divest the Reebok brand as
the German sportswear maker moves on after trying to revive its performance for more than a decade, after
analyzing options for the brand[52] and expects a hit of about 250 million euros to operating profit from
costs to make its struggling Reebok brand a standalone company as it prepares to sell or spin-off the
business, with a third of that in 2022 but none in 2023.[53]

In July 2021, Adidas shortlisted bidders for the brand, the finalist companies being Wolverine World Wide
and Authentic Brands Group on a joint deal, private equity companies Advent International, CVC,
Cerberus Capital, and Sycamore Partners, with a deadline for August 2021.[54] On August 12, 2021, it was
announced that Authentic Brands Group would be acquiring the Reebok brand from Adidas for at least
$2.5 billion.[55] On March 1, 2022, the acquisition was finalized.[56]

Logo evolution


1958–1977 1977–1993 1993–1997 1997–2000

Alongside with the
flag of Great Britain,
on Reebok Classic
models

2000–2005 2005–2008 2008–2014 2014–2019

2019–present

Offices
Reebok's former parent company, Adidas, is headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany, while
the Reebok world headquarters remains located in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Reebok EMEA (Europe,
Middle East, Africa) has its regional office in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The company also has additional
regional offices located in Panama City (Reebok Latin America), Shanghai (Reebok Shanghai International
Commerce Centre), Singapore, Taikoo Shing, and Toronto.[57]
Reebok first entered the South Korean
market in 1987 and has since been making substantial revenue in South Korea. It is shown that it is the
third most popular sports brand in South Korea. Through the merger and acquisition of the brand by
Adidas in 2005, Reebok is no longer listed as a company in South Korea.

Products
Reebok designs, manufactures, distributes and sells fitness, running and CrossFit sportswear including
clothing and footwear. The company has released numerous notable styles of footwear including the 1982
introduction of the Reebok Freestyle that was manufactured and marketed for women.[58] In 1984, the shoe
accounted for more than half of the Reebok sales.[59] Following the aerobics trend from the 1980s to early
1990s, Reebok also released workout programs called Reebok Step beginning in 1989.[60] The brand also
introduced one of their most signature shoes, The Reebok Pump. The footwear collection was released as a
men's basketball shoe and the world's first fully adjustable fit controlled with manual air allocation.[61]
The Reebok Ventilator, a line of lightweight athletic shoes with vented Reebok footwear
side panels, was first introduced in 1990.[62] In 1996, Reebok signed a
$50 million endorsement deal with Allen Iverson when he signed with
the Philadelphia 76ers.[63][64] Iverson collaborated with Reebok during
his contract to create the second-longest running basketball shoe line in
history, beginning with the Question shoe in 1996 and ending with
Answer XIV.[65]

In 2010, the brand released Reebok Zig, an athletic footwear technology

Royal Glide Ripple Clip men's
and collection of shoes include zigzag foam soles designed to push
shoe, pictured in 2017
athletes forward.[66] The Reebok Nano was released in 2011 and is the
first official CrossFit shoe.[67] The company has also partnered with Les
Mills and CrossFit to produce more fitness apparel, footwear, and
workouts.[13][68] Reebok released the Z-Series foam, a combination of
dense midsole and outsole so the foam is cushioned but not worn-down.
The foam debuted on the ZQuick TR with Reebok's new delta logo in
2014.[69]

Reebok Future innovation house has developed a new technology they

call Liquid Factory. A robot will extrude liquid polyurethane and
"draw" shoe components without the use of traditional shoe molds.[70]
11k Pump Inline hockey-
In 2017, the UFC announced the launch of a new collection under the Skates from 2011
name Fight Night Collection that includes an upgraded version of the
Reebok-branded apparels.[71]

Endorsements

Asia

Reebok sponsored kits for top seeded Indian Football clubs, Mohun Bagan AC (2006–11) and East Bengal
FC (2003–05, 2006–10).[72] Later it sponsored kits for Indian Premier League teams, such as the Royal
Challengers Bangalore, Kolkata Knight Riders, Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings in the first
edition of the league held in 2008. However, for the second edition held in 2009, the sponsorships included
Royal Challengers Bangalore, Kolkata Knight Riders, Chennai Super Kings, Kings XI Punjab kits.[73][74]

In May 2012, Reebok India filed a criminal complaint against former managerial employees, Subhinder
Singh Prem and Vishnu Bhagat, accusing them of a financial fraud of up to US$233 million.[75] On the
charge of alleged Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) violations, Reebok India was booked and
may face penal action.[76] Twelve further arrests of employees and associates were made during the same
period. As of July 2013, Prem and Bhagat were granted bail by the high court but remained imprisoned
following their detainment in September 2012.[77]

One of Reebok's most prominent athletes, Indian cricketer Mahendra Singh Dhoni, was named by Forbes
as the world's thirty first highest-paid sportsperson in June 2012. At the time of the article, Dhoni endorsed
more than 20 other brands in deals that were cumulatively valued at US$23 million.[78]

Europe
 (Left): The Reebok logo on the seating of what was then Reebok Stadium (now University of Bolton stadium) in
the founder's home town of Bolton, England; (right): Ryan Giggs in his Reebok Sprintfit football boots. The
former Manchester United winger signed an endorsement with Reebok in the early 1990s

The company maintained its relationship with its origins in the UK through a long-term sponsorship deal
with Bolton Wanderers, a League One football club, however, in 2009, Bolton changed their sponsorship
to 188bet. When the team moved to a brand new ground in the late-1990s, their new home was named the
Reebok Stadium.

Several other English clubs, such as Liverpool F.C., had Reebok sponsorship deals up until the purchase by
Adidas, but most have since switched to either the parent brand (which has a long history in football) or
another company altogether. In April 2014, Bolton Wanderers officially announced the Reebok Stadium
would be officially rebranded in a new sponsorship deal with sportswear manufacturer Macron, who will
manufacture the club's kits and sponsor the stadium under the name Macron Stadium in a four-year deal
announced by the club's chairman, Phil Gartside.[79] In Germany, Reebok sponsored football club 1. FC
Köln.[80]

In rugby union, Reebok sponsored the Wales national team until late 2008, who won the Grand Slam in the
Six Nations Championship in that year, and the Tasman Makos in New Zealand's domestic competition, the
Air New Zealand Cup.[81]

In 2006, Arsenal and France national team striker Thierry Henry signed a deal to join the "I Am What I
Am" campaign on August 1, 2006.[82] Manchester United winger Ryan Giggs has also done "I Am What I
Am" commercials.[83] Andriy Shevchenko started his endorsement deal with the company in 2006.[84][85]

Russia

In February 2019, the Russian Instagram version of a global Reebok advertising campaign to promote
female empowerment under the hashtag #BeMoreHuman featured the slogan "Sit not on the needle of
men’s approval – sit on men’s face." After facing outrage on social media, Reebok removed the slogan and
their Russian marketing director resigned.[86]

On March 21, 2022, Reebok suspended all branded stores and e-commerce operations in Russia after
Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[87]

North America

In 2004, Reebok entered into a deal that allows them the rights to manufacture Canadian Football League
(CFL) onfield jerseys, sideline gear and footwear; this deal ended in 2015.[88]
In Mexico, Reebok was kit provider of Chivas de Guadalajara
before the team was taken over by parent company Adidas in
2011.[89]

United States

Reebok shoes were featured as product placement advertising on

the Nickelodeon game show Double Dare in the 1980s.[90]
Reebok store in North America
From 2002 to 2012, the company held the exclusive rights to
manufacture and market both authentic and replica uniform jerseys,
sideline clothing and caps, and onfield football footwear (marketed as NFL Equipment) of the teams of the
National Football League (NFL). The company hired filmmaker Errol Morris to produce a series of 30-
second commercials that aired during the 2006 NFL season.[91]

Reebok signed a four-year deal to become the official shoe supplier to Major League Baseball (MLB) in
2004;[92] Reebok also was given the rights to be the official uniform and apparel provider of the Canadian
Football League (CFL) that same year; this alliance lasted until 2015.[93]

Reebok held the rights to produce the on-ice "EDGE" Uniform System, performance clothing and training
footwear of the National Hockey League (NHL) in a 10-year agreement from 2007 to 2017.[94]

On December 2, 2014, the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) announced a six-year deal with
Reebok, which began in July 2015.[95]

In July 2018, Reebok Boston Track Club announced to be led by coach Chris Fox from Syracuse
University.[96][97][98]

Oceania

In 2005, Reebok also signed an exclusive agreement to design and supply all eight team home and away
strips for the new Australian A-League competition. Although not an expensive deal, this partnership paid
dividends for Reebok, due to the growing popularity of football and the league in the area. An estimated
125,000 A-League jerseys were sold in Australia, a record for a single league's sales in a year for a sports
manufacturer.[99] Reebok's agreement ended at the finish of the 2010–11 season.

South America

Reebok was the uniform provider for Brazilian clubs Cruzeiro, Vasco, Internacional and São Paulo FC,
Argentinian clubs San Martín de Los Andes, Paraguayan club General Díaz and Uruguayan club
Peñarol.[100]

Non-sport related endorsements

Rapper Jay-Z became the first non-athlete to get a signature shoe from Reebok. The "S. Carter Collection
by Rbk" was launched on November 21, 2002, and the S. Carter sneaker became the fastest-selling shoe in
the company's history.[101] Later, Reebok made a deal with rapper 50 Cent to release a line of G-Unit
sneakers, and artists such as Nelly and Miri Ben-Ari have become spokespersons for the
company.[102][103] Reebok also signed Scarlett Johansson and introduced her own line of clothing and
footwear called Scarlett Hearts, part of the Rbk Lifestyle Collection. The company also produces shoes for
Emporio Armani under the label EA7. Artists and fashion figures that have signed endorsement agreements
with Reebok over the years include Ariana Grande, Gal Gadot, Gigi Hadid, Victoria Beckham,[104][105]
Cardi B, and Camille Kostek.[106]

In January 2021, Reebok released a collection of shoes based on the DreamWorks Animation franchise
Kung Fu Panda.[107]

Charitable work
The Reebok Foundation operates the "Build Our Kids' Success" (BOKS) program to provide US
schoolchildren with physical activities before the school day. Reebok funds the program with direct grants
and by contributing a percentage of shoe sales.[108]

See also
Reebok advertising campaigns
Reebok Pro Summer League
Reebok Pump

Notes
1. Although Reebok itself was established in 1958 by Joe and Jeff Foster,[1] the date of
foundation is listed as 1895, when the original family business, J.W. Foster and Sons was
established by their grandfather Joseph W. Foster to manufacture athletic shoes. The
original family business was eventually absorbed by Reebok in 1976.[2]

References
1. Richardson, Marc (October 18, 2018). "A Quick History of Reebok" (https://www.grailed.com/
drycleanonly/reebok-history). Grailed. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
2. Farrell, T. (September 19, 2017). "Running the show: Reebok" (http://letslookagain.com/201
7/09/running-the-show-reebok/). Let's Look Again. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
3. Natalie Zmuda (February 28, 2014). "Change: Reebok Logo Indicates Shift From Pros to
Crossfit" (http://adage.com/article/news/change-reebok-logo-shift-pros-crossfit/291923/).
Advertising Age. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
4. "Adidas, Reebok kickstart integration" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/a-companies/a
didas/adidas-reebok-kickstart-integration/articleshow/2209875.cms). The Economic Times.
5. Stuart Elliot (August 4, 2005). "Adidas's Reebok Purchase Sets a Challenge for Nike" (http
s://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/business/media/04adco.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0). The
New York Times. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
6. "Reebok World Headquarters | NBBJ" (http://www.nbbj.com/work/reebok-world-headquarter
s/). www.nbbj.com. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
7. Chesto, Jon (November 3, 2016). "Reebok plans a big move — and some job cuts" (https://w
ww.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/11/03/reebok-laces-for-headquarters-move-boston/pq4l
lPyHysjzvf22V2Q5XO/story.html). Boston Globe. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
 8. Williams, Michelle (July 18, 2017). "Inside Reebok's new 220,000-square-foot headquarters
in Boston's Seaport District" (https://www.masslive.com/news/boston/2017/07/inside_reebok
s_new_220000-squa.html). masslive.com. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
9. "Adidas buys Reebok to conquer US" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2920095/Adidas-
buys-Reebok-to-conquer-US.html). The Telegraph. October 6, 2016. Archived (https://ghosta
rchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2920095/Adidas-buys-Ree
bok-to-conquer-US.html) from the original on January 11, 2022.
10. Rourke, Elizabeth; Hedblad, Edna; Salamie, David (1999). International Directory of
Company Histories: "Reebok International Ltd." (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/769042347).
Jay P. Pederson, Thomson Gale. Detroit, Mich.: St. James Press. ISBN 978-1-55862-665-2.
OCLC 769042347 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/769042347).
11. Coles, Jason (2016). Golden Kicks: The Shoes that Changed Sport (https://www.worldcat.or
g/oclc/960846901). London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 14–16. ISBN 978-1-4729-3704-9.
OCLC 960846901 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/960846901).
12. Vartanig G. Vartan (May 15, 1986). "Market Place; The Surging Reebok Stock" (https://www.
nytimes.com/1986/05/15/business/market-place-the-surging-reebok-stock.html). The New
York Times. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
13. "Reebok: A running history" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150224073519/http://www.lesmil
ls.com.au/word-is/reebok-running-history). LesMills. June 2, 2014. Archived from the original
(http://www.lesmills.com.au/word-is/reebok-running-history) on February 24, 2015. Retrieved
February 23, 2015.
14. "Paul Fireman: Sole Man" (https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2021/06/1
4/Portfolio/Fireman.aspx). Sports Business Journal.
15. C.Y. Ellis (November 8, 2013). "The History of Reebok in the Sneaker Industry". HoopsVibe.
16. McDonald, Mark A.; Milne, George R. (1999). "Cases in Sport Marketing". Jones and Bartlett
Publishers. pp. 63–86.
17. Stuart Gannes (May 23, 1988). "America's Fastest Growing Companies" (http://archive.fortun
e.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1988/05/23/70575/index.htm). Fortune Magazine.
Retrieved February 25, 2015.
18. Vartanig G. Vartan (January 21, 1986). "Market Place; A Brisk Pace Is Set by Nike" (https://w
ww.nytimes.com/1986/01/21/business/market-place-a-brisk-pace-is-set-by-nike.html). The
New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
19. "Search | Brands of the World™" (https://www.brandsoftheworld.com/search/logos?search_
api_views_fulltext=Reebok). Brands of the World. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
20. John Brownlee (March 13, 2014). "How Reebok Became The Brand For Crossfit Junkies" (h
ttp://www.fastcodesign.com/3027567/how-reeboks-crossfit-logo-took-over-the-mothership).
FastCode. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
21. Petersen, Clarence (March 15, 1987). "The Training Of Trendy Tots" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20180926014557/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1987-03-15-870120067
1-story.html). The Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original (http://articles.chicagotribune.
com/1987-03-15/features/8701200671_1_tres-yup-buzz-buzzell-trendiness) on September
26, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
22. Berman, Dennis K.; Kang, Stephanie; Karnitsching, Matthew (2005). "Adidas Nears Deal to
Buy Reebok In Effort to Gain Ground on Nike" (https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB11230
4841978003570?mod=_newsreel_5). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
23. Russ Bengtson (February 25, 2013). "10 Sneakers That Debuted Significant Technology" (ht
tp://www.complex.com/sneakers/2013/02/10-sneakers-that-debuted-significant-technology/r
eebok-pump). Complex Magazine. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
24. "COMPANY NEWS; Reebok Introduces Inflatable Shoe" (https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/
01/business/company-news-reebok-introduces-inflatable-shoe.html). Reuters. November 1,
1989. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
25. "Reebok 'Pump' To Sell For $170" (http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-09-14/business/890
3030064_1_reebok-shoe-version). Sun Sentinel. September 14, 1989. Retrieved March 1,
2015.
26. "Can Reebok Regain Its Balance?" (https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/1993-12-19/can-
reebok-regain-its-balance). Bloomberg Businessweek. December 19, 1993. Retrieved
March 1, 2015.
27. Condon, Garret (September 18, 1991). "One Step Makes Workouts More Strenuous". The
Courant. Hartford, Connecticut.
28. Lloyd, Barbara (March 26, 1990). "Step Up (and Down) to Sharper Workouts" (https://www.n
ytimes.com/1990/03/26/sports/on-your-own-step-up-and-down-to-sharper-workouts.html).
The New York Times. p. C-10.
29. Hua, Vanessa (April 22, 1999). "Firming Up Revenues". The Courant. Hartford, Connecticut.
30. "Former Sony Exec to Head Reebok Brand" (http://articles.latimes.com/1998/aug/28/busines
s/fi-17271). Los Angeles Times. August 28, 1998. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
31. "Yankowski resigns as president of Reebok-brand shoes, apparel" (http://articles.baltimores
un.com/1999-12-02/business/9912020099_1_reebok-international-yankowski-athletic-
shoe). The Baltimore Sun. December 2, 1999. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
32. Richard Sandomir (December 22, 2000). "TENNIS; Having Style Pays Off for Venus
Williams" (https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/22/sports/tennis-having-style-pays-off-for-venus
-williams.html). The New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
33. "Reebok Granted NFL Apparel Licensing Rights" (http://articles.latimes.com/2000/dec/20/bu
siness/fi-2360). Los Angeles Times. December 20, 2000. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
34. "Reebok Inks Official Supplier Deal with CFL" (https://sgbonline.com/reebok-inks-official-su
pplier-deal-with-cfl/). SGB Media. October 14, 2003. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
35. "Reebok nets NBA" (https://money.cnn.com/2001/08/01/companies/reebok/). CNN. August
1, 2001. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
36. "NBA Signs 10-Year Deal With Reebok" (http://articles.latimes.com/2001/aug/02/sports/sp-2
9711). Los Angeles Times. August 2, 2001. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
37. Andy Bernstein (August 6, 2001). "Reebok locks up more than NBA with 10-year licensing
deal" (http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2001/08/20010806/This-Weeks-Is
sue/Reebok-Locks-Up-More-Than-NBA-With-10-Year-Licensing-Deal.aspx). Sport Business
Daily. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
38. Van Der Pool, Lisa. "Arnell 'Outperforms' for Reebok" (https://www.adweek.com/brand-mark
eting/arnell-outperforms-reebok-66590/).
39. StaffOctober 24, Adweek; 2003. "Yao Ming Stands Tall for Reebok" (https://www.adweek.co
m/brand-marketing/yao-ming-stands-tall-reebok-67985/). Retrieved October 27, 2021.
40. "Reebok Logo - Design and History of Reebok Logo" (https://www.famouslogos.us/reebok-lo
go/). Retrieved October 27, 2021.
41. "Reebok locks up more than NBA with 10-year licensing deal" (http://www.sportsbusinessda
ily.com/Daily/Issues/2001/12/Issue-59/Sports-Industrialists/Reebok-Names-Margolis-To-Ne
w-Position-Of-President-COO.aspx). Sport Business Daily. December 6, 2001. Retrieved
March 2, 2015.
42. "High exec at Reebok resigns" (http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2004/10/18/daily3
9.html?page=all). Boston Business Journal. October 21, 2004. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
43. Cam Merritt (January 28, 2015). "What Does CCM stand for on Hockey Equipment?" (http://
www.livestrong.com/article/406961-what-does-ccm-stand-for-on-hockey-equipment/).
LiveStrong. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
44. Adidas laces up $100M hockey brand sale (https://nypost.com/2017/07/20/adidas-laces-up-
100m-hockey-brand-sale/) by Josh Kosman, July 20, 2017
45. Petrecca, Laura; Howard, Theresa (August 4, 2005). "Adidas-Reebok merger lets rivals nip
at Nike's heels" (http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/manufacturing/2005-08-0
4-adidas-1b-cover-usat_x.htm). USA Today. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
46. Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Feder, Barnaby J. (August 3, 2005). "Adidas Agrees to Acquire
Reebok in $3.8 Billion Deal" (https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/03/business/03cnd-shoe.ht
ml?_r=2&). The New York Times. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
47. Darren Rovell (April 18, 2006). "NBA laces up adidas for 11-year partnership" (http://sports.e
spn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=2404020). ESPN. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
48. "Harrington named CEO of Reebok Brand division" (http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stori
es/2006/01/09/daily18.html). Boston Business Journal. January 10, 2006. Retrieved
March 3, 2015.
49. Julie Cruz (May 29, 2013). "Adidas to Make CrossFit Delta Logo Symbol for Reebok
Fitness" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-05-29/adidas-to-make-crossfit-delt
a-logo-symbol-for-reebok-fitness). Bloomberg. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
50. "Why Reebok is Going Back to its Fitness Roots" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210721191
929/https://www.eventmarketer.com/article/qa-reebok-explains-how-and-why-the-brand-is-g
oing-back-to-its-fitness-roots/). www.eventmarketer.com. Archived from the original (https://w
ww.eventmarketer.com/article/qa-reebok-explains-how-and-why-the-brand-is-going-back-to-i
ts-fitness-roots/) on July 21, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
51. Zorilla, Monica Marie. "Reebok Refreshes Iconic Vector Logo, Sidelines Red Delta Symbol"
(https://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/reebok-vector-logo-refresh-red-delta-symbol/).
Adweek. Adweek LLC. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
52. Mulier, Thomas (February 16, 2021). "Adidas Begins Sale Process for Underperforming
Reebok Brand" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-16/adidas-begins-sale-p
rocess-for-reebok-brand). Bloomberg. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
53. "Adidas pushes online sales and sustainability in five-year plan" (https://www.cnbc.com/202
1/03/10/adidas-expects-strong-rebound-takes-reebok-hit.html). CNBC. March 10, 2021.
Retrieved August 12, 2021.
54. "Adidas shortlists bidders in Reebok sale -sources" (https://www.reuters.com/business/adida
s-shorlists-bidders-reebok-unit-sale-sources-2021-07-01/). Reuters. July 1, 2021. Retrieved
August 12, 2021.
55. "Adidas ends Reebok era with $2.5 bln sale to Authentic Brands" (https://www.reuters.com/b
usiness/adidas-sells-reebok-authentic-brands-25-bln-2021-08-12/). Reuters. Retrieved
August 12, 2021.
56. "Authentic Brands Group Finalizes the Acquisition of Reebok" (https://www.abgnewsroom.c
om/press-releases/abg-finalizes-reebok). ABG Newsroom. March 1, 2022. Retrieved
March 8, 2022.
57. "Adidas Group Locations" (http://careers.adidas-group.com/locations-list.aspx). Adidas.
Retrieved February 23, 2015.
58. Nick Santora (December 11, 2013). "The History Of Cross Training" (http://www.classickicks.
com/2013/12/the-history-of-cross-training/). Sneaker Freaker. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
59. "Reebok Freestyle Recap" (http://www.sneakerfreaker.com/2012/12/reebok-museum-
recap/). Sneaker Freaker. December 31, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
60. Vicky Hallett (August 25, 2009). "Step Aerobics Marks Its 20th Anniversary With a
Celebration Led by Its Creator" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/200
9/08/21/AR2009082101107.html). Washington Post. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
61. Yale Schalk (November 14, 2009). "EXCLUSIVE: Reebok Pump Chronology" (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20150224074852/http://counterkicks.com/2009/11/exclusive-reebok-pump-ch
ronology/). CounterKicks. Archived from the original (http://counterkicks.com/2009/11/exclusi
ve-reebok-pump-chronology/) on February 24, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
62. John Q Marcelo (October 24, 2014). "The Reebok Runners That Defined '90s Sneaker
Culture" (http://www.complex.com/sneakers/2014/10/the-reebok-runners-that-defined-90s-sn
eaker-culture/reebok-ventilator). Complex Magazine. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
63. "End of an Era: The 13 Best Allen Iverson Shoes" (http://www.nicekicks.com/2013/10/30/end
-of-an-era-the-13-best-allen-iverson-shoes/). NiceKicks. October 30, 2013. Retrieved
February 23, 2015.
64. Rob Maaddi (November 28, 2001). "Iverson signs lifetime deal with Reebok" (http://usatoday
30.usatoday.com/sports/nba/sixers/2001-11-28-iverson-reebok.htm). USA Today. Retrieved
February 23, 2015.
65. "A History of Allen Iverson's Reebok Signature Sneaker Line" (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0150222124657/http://solecollector.com/news/a-history-of-allen-iverson-s-reebok-signature-
sneaker-line/). Sole Collector. June 7, 2014. Archived from the original (http://solecollector.co
m/news/a-history-of-allen-iverson-s-reebok-signature-sneaker-line/) on February 22, 2015.
Retrieved February 23, 2015.
66. Riley Jones (January 5, 2014). "A Complete History of Suspension Soled Sneakers" (http://s
neakerreport.com/features/history-suspension-soles/6/). Sneaker Report. Retrieved
February 23, 2015.
67. Gabriel Simon. "Which Reebok CrossFit shoe is best for you?" (http://wodreview.com/shoes/
reebok-crossfit-shoes). WOD Review. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
68. Patrick Rishe (November 29, 2011). "Reebok's Attention to CrossFit Feedback Boost
Branding and Product Quality Initiatives" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/prishe/2011/11/29/re
eboks-attention-to-crossfit-feedback-boost-branding-and-product-quality-initiatives/). Forbes.
Retrieved February 23, 2015.
69. Gurvinder Singh Gandu (December 20, 2013). "Reebok Announces ZQUICK Footwear
Collection for 2014" (http://sneakerreport.com/news/reebok-announces-zquick-footwear-coll
ection-2014/). Sneaker Report. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
70. "Reebok's Liquid Factory could revolutionize shoe-making" (https://www.si.com/tech-media/
2016/10/24/reebok-new-liquid-factory-3-d-drawing). Sports Illustrated. October 24, 2017.
Retrieved May 26, 2017.
71. Mazique, Brian. "UFC And Reebok Announce New Fight Night Collection" (https://www.forb
es.com/sites/brianmazique/2017/09/05/ufc-and-reebok-announce-new-fight-night-apparel/#6
d19e9675b66). Forbes. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
72. "East Bengal ropes in Reebok as official kit sponsor" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Ea
st-Bengal-ropes-in-Reebok-as-official-kit-sponsor/articleshow/59990.cms). The Times of
India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201209205858/https://timesofindia.indiatime
s.com/East-Bengal-ropes-in-Reebok-as-official-kit-sponsor/articleshow/59990.cms) from the
original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
73. "Reebok Running Squad – Reebok Ambassador, Gautam Gambhir to flag off first RRS meet
in the city" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110925070951/http://www.livemango.com/entertai
nment/reebok-running-squad-reebok-ambassador-gautam-gambhir-flag-rrs-meet-city/).
LiveMango. Archived from the original (http://www.livemango.com/entertainment/reebok-run
ning-squad-reebok-ambassador-gautam-gambhir-flag-rrs-meet-city) on September 25, 2011.
Retrieved September 20, 2011.
74. "Reebok launches IPL merchandise" (http://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/marketing/mam/
reebok-launches-ipl-merchandise). IndianTelevision.com. April 11, 2012. Retrieved
March 23, 2015.
75. "Reebok India alleges $233m fraud" (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-18170674). BBC
News. May 23, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
76. "Enforcement Directorate books Reebok for retail sale in India" (http://timesofindia.indiatime
s.com/business/india-business/Enforcement-Directorate-books-Reebok-for-retail-sale-in-Indi
a/articleshow/15025932.cms). The Times of India. July 18, 2012.
77. Vidhi Choudhary (July 17, 2013). "Two main accused in Reebok case granted bail" (http://w
ww.livemint.com/Companies/53eA3TSbimPNlWT62lFM7N/Two-main-accused-in-Reebok-c
ase-granted-bail.html). Live Mint and the Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
78. Kurt Badenhausen (June 18, 2012). "The World's 100 Highest-Paid Athletes" (https://www.fo
rbes.com/pictures/mli45igdi/31-mahendra-singh-dhoni/). Forbes. Retrieved December 7,
2013.
79. "BWFC strike stadium and kit deal with Macron" (Press release). Bolton Wanderers. April
25, 2014.
80. Paul Gorst (April 24, 2014). "Bolton to change stadium name to Macron Stadium – but where
does it rank in the worst arena names?" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/boltons
-reebok-stadium-name-change-3450046). Daily Mirror. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
81. Marc Ambasna Jones (September 19, 1997). "Lucky Goldstar shuns Welsh RFU
sponsorship" (https://www.zdnet.com/lucky-goldstar-shuns-welsh-rfu-sponsorship-30020667
14/). ZDNet. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
82. Bond, David (12 April 2006) "Henry drops bombshell by moving to Reebok" (https://www.tel
egraph.co.uk/sport/football/2335183/Henry-drops-bombshell-by-moving-to-Reebok.html).
The Daily Telegraph. 12 April 2006. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
83. "Reebok Still in the Game" (http://www.soccerbible.com/football-news/2011/04/reebok-still-i
n-the-game/). Soccer Bible. April 27, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
84. "Announcement of Shevchenko signs a deal with Rbk" (https://web.archive.org/web/200608
20033838/http://reebok.co.za/news-shevenko.htm). Archived from the original (http://reebok.
co.za/news-shevenko.htm#) on August 20, 2006.
85. "Andriy Shevchenko of Chelsea and Ukraine arrives via the Thames" (http://www.gettyimag
es.com/detail/news-photo/andriy-shevchenko-of-chelsea-and-ukraine-arrives-via-the-news-
photo/71643201). Getty Images. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
86. "Reebok Russia stirs controversy with 'face-sitting' slogan in feminist ad campaign" (https://
www.euronews.com/2019/02/08/reebok-russia-stirs-controversy-with-face-sitting-slogan-in-f
eminist-ad-campaign). Euronews. February 10, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
87. Jones, Riley (March 22, 2022). "Reebok Suspends Russian Retail Stores and E-
Commerce" (https://finance.yahoo.com/finance/news/reebok-suspends-russian-retail-stores-
015922715.html). Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
88. "adidas to become Official Outfitter of the CFL" (https://press.cfl.ca/adidas-to-become-official-
outfitter-of-the-cfl). press.cfl.ca.
89. "São Paulo Football Club Signs With Penalty For More Than $17M" (http://m.sportsbusiness
daily.com/Global/Issues/2013/01/04/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/Notes.aspx). Sports
Business Daily. January 4, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
90. Banet-Weiser, Sarah (September 3, 2007). Kids Rule!: Nickelodeon and Consumer
Citizenship (https://books.google.com/books?id=VWrmQWznHGQC&q=reebok+in+1980+in
+Nickelodeon&pg=PA53). Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822339939.
 91. Jane Levere (July 24, 2006). "Football Calls, and Reebok Responds" (https://www.nytimes.c
om/2006/07/24/business/media/24adco.html?_r=0). The New York Times. Retrieved
September 28, 2013.
92. Terry Lefton (February 23, 2004). "Reebok adds rights for MLB to its deals with NFL and
NBA" (http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2004/02/20040223/Marketingspo
nsorship/Reebok-Adds-Rights-For-MLB-To-Its-Deals-With-NFL-And-NBA.aspx). Sports
Business Journal. Street and Smith's Sports Group. Retrieved September 29, 2013.
93. "CFL Retro With Reebok's Craig Ryan" (https://www.cfl.ca/2008/09/02/cfl-retro-with-reebok-s
-craig-ryan/). Canadian Football League. September 2, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
"CFL and Reebok have just signed a new five-year contract extending the current deal that
was signed in 2004."
94. Josh Kosman; Larry Brooks (February 1, 2014). "Adidas may distance Reebok from NHL" (h
ttps://nypost.com/2014/02/01/adidas-may-distance-reebock-from-team-sports/). New York
Post. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
95. Shaun Al-Shatti (December 2, 2014). "UFC inks exclusive deal with Reebok, uniform
program to roll out July 2015" (http://www.mmafighting.com/2014/12/2/7316263/ufc-inks-excl
usive-deal-with-reebok-uniform-program-to-roll-out-july). Retrieved December 2, 2014.
96. Chris Carlson (July 23, 2018). "Former SU running coach Chris Fox will lead Reebok team
that signed Justyn Knight" (https://www.syracuse.com/orangesports/index.ssf/2018/07/former
_su_running_coach_chris_fox_will_lead_reebok_team_that_signed_justyn_knigh.html).
Retrieved July 23, 2018.
97. Chris Carlson (September 17, 2018). "Syracuse hires Brien Bell, right-hand man of Chris
Fox, to lead running programs" (https://www.syracuse.com/orangesports/index.ssf/2018/09/s
yracuse_hires_brien_bell_right-hand_man_of_chris_fox_to_lead_running_programs.html).
Retrieved September 17, 2018.
98. Reebok Running (July 23, 2018). "Coach Chris Fox and Justyn Knight Sign on to Newly
Established Reebok Boston Track Club" (https://www.reebok.com/en-us/Blog/2018-07/reebo
k-boston-track-club/). Retrieved July 23, 2018.
99. "Reebok signs a deal with A-League" (http://www.soccerhut.net/home/read.php?id=17774).
100. Braden Galea (May 14, 2011). "Chivas Guadalajara agree deal with Adidas" (http://www.foot
ball-shirts.co.uk/fans/chivas-guadalajara-agree-deal-with-adidas_11362). Football Shirts
News. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
101. Bhatnagar, Parija (February 9, 2004). "Jordan, 50 cent & Jay-Z: the right fit?" (https://money.c
nn.com/2004/02/06/news/companies/retro_shoes/). CNN Money. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
102. Mark Jewell (February 14, 2006). "Reebok's walk on wild side draws youngsters, critics" (htt
p://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2006/02/14/reeboks_walk_on_wild_sid
e_draws_youngsters_critics/?page=full). Boston.com. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
103. Greg Lindsay (September 1, 2004). "The Rebirth of Cool" (https://money.cnn.com/magazine
s/business2/business2_archive/2004/09/01/379521/). CNN Money. Retrieved March 23,
2015.
104. Park, Andrea. "Victoria Beckham's First Collection for Reebok Is Here—and It's Inspired by
Shaq" (https://www.glamour.com/story/victoria-beckham-reebok-collection). Glamour.
Retrieved August 10, 2018.
105. "Victoria Beckham's Reebok Merch Collection is a Stylish Slam Dunk Inspired by Shaq" (htt
ps://www.vogue.com/article/victoria-beckham-reebok-merch-collection-shaquille-oneal-cele
brity-style). Vogue. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
106. "Camille Kostek Talks #NeverNotDancing, Modeling And Finding Her Confidence" (https://w
ww.reebok.co.uk/blog/326994-camille-kostek-talks-nevernotdancing-modeling-and-finding-h
er-confidence). Reebok UK. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
107. "Kung Fu Panda And Reebok To Release A Full Footwear Capsule On January 15th" (http
s://sneakernews.com/2020/12/28/kung-fu-panda-reebok-club-c-instapump-fury-release-dat
e/). Sneaker News. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
108. "Natalie Morales teams up with Reebok to create kids' shoes for charity" (http://www.today.c
om/series/today-original/lace-natalie-teams-reebok-create-kids-shoes-charity-t105910).
today.com. December 14, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2017.

External links
Official website (https://www.reebok.com/)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reebok&oldid=1108634649"

This page was last edited on 5 September 2022, at 13:46 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0;

additional terms may apply. By
using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.