Earth and Life Science

Learning Activity Sheets

Quarter 1- Week 6A

First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity sheets

Writer: Jannyvel Magcanam Vista

Regional Level Validators: Kevin Hope A. Salvaña

Antoeniette B. Geolina
Jean Ailyn Pitolan
Kris Carlo Buloron

Management Team: Minerva T. Albis,PhD Schools Division Superintendent

Lorna P. Gayol, Chie- Curriculum Implementation Division
Abraham L. Masendo, Education Program Specialist
Blessy S. Toquib, LRMDS

Author: Jannyvel M. Vista

School: Libertad National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
Email Address: [email protected]
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Earth and Life Science, Quarter 1, Week 6A

GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

Name: _____________________________________________ Section: ____________

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):

Describe how the earth’s history can be interpreted from the geologic time scale.
(S11/12ES -Ie-29).

Specific Objectives:
1. Identify the different divisions in the geologic time scale.
2. Track the Earth’s history using the geologic time scale.

Time Allotment: 2 Hours

KEY CONCEPTS
How did life evolve through the course of the history of Earth?
Using relative dating to determine which rocks and fossils are older was the first basis
of the geologic time scale. Then upon the discovery of radiometric dating, numerical dates of
the rocks were determined. Scientists have been analyzing rock samples gathered from different
continents in the world including its layers and its correlation with the fossils. They have
learned that even at different continents, the relative ages of sedimentary rocks and their
sequences are the same. This helps in relating the sequence of events in the Earth’s history
which is presented in the geologic time scale.
The geologic time scale provides a system
of chronologic measurement relating stratigraphy
to time that is used by geologists, paleontologists,
and other Earth scientists to describe the timing
and relationships between events that have
occurred during the history of the Earth. The
detailed studies made of rocks throughout the
world have allowed geologists to correlate rock
units globally, and break them into time units. The
result is the Geologic Time Scale, usually
presented in a chart-like form with the oldest event
and time unit at the bottom and the youngest at
the top.
Figure 1 represents the divisions of the
geologic time in Earth’s history. It is separated into
eons, periods, and epochs. The Earth’s age which
is 4.6 billion years was separated into different
period to handily indicate the events.

Figure 1 The divisions of geologic time scale

Source: https://www.miguasha.ca/mig-
en/the_notion_of_geologic_time_v.php

Author: Jannyvel M. Vista

School: Libertad National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
Email Address: [email protected]
DIVISION IN THE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

EONS
➢ are the longest portions in the geologic time

Precambrian Phanerozoic Eon

➢ It accounts for 88% ➢ It means visible life.

Earth’s history.
➢ It is subdivided into
➢ It is subdivided into three eras: Paleozoic, Mesozoic
eons: Hadean, Archean and and Cenozoic.
Proterozoic

Paleozoic Era
Hadean Eon
➢ It is the beginning of early
➢ Few rocks were deformed life.
and metamorphosed.
➢ All of the continents had
come together to form the
supercontinent called Pangea.

➢ It is characterized by rapid
development of terrestrial
plants.
Archaean Eon
➢ Devonian period is known as
➢ Marine rocks contain fossil
the age of fishes.
remains of microscopic algae
and bacteria
Mesozoic Era

➢ It is also known as the Age of

Dinosaurs.

Proterozoic Eon ➢ Pangea rifted into Laurasia

and Gondwanaland.
➢ rifting of the continental
crust
Cenozoic Era
➢ subsequent filling with
sedimentary and volcanic ➢ It is also known as the age of
rocks recent life or age of mammals.

➢ It has the most complete

record of any era because the
rocks are more accessible.

Author: Jannyvel M. Vista

School: Libertad National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
Email Address: [email protected]
DIVISION OF THE CENOZOIC ERA

Cenozoic Era

➢ There are three periods in this era: Quaternary,

Paleogene and Neogene.

Paleogene Period Neogene Period

➢ Most Earth’s climate was ➢ It gives rise to early

tropical. primates.
➢ Continents drifted apart ➢ It consists of Miocene and
creating vast stretches of Pliocene Epochs
oceans ➢ It consists the
Paleocene, Eocene, and
Oligocene Epoch

Quaternary Period
➢ It is the most recent period.
➢ It is also termed Anthropogene period.
➢ It is divided into two epochs:
Pleistocene and Holocene.
➢ Holocene - when human civilization arose

Activities
Activity No. 1. Tell me, where do I belong?
Objective: Identify the different divisions in the geologic time scale.
What you need: pen, activity sheet
What to do: Identify the different divisions in the geologic time scale.

A. Match the description with the appropriate subdivision of the geologic time scale.
Write the letter of the term on the space provided.

Description Term
_____ Hadean, Archaean, and Proterozoic A. Paleozoic
_____ Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous B. Cenozoic
_____ Tertiary and Quaternary C. Precambrian
_____ Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, D. Mesozoic
and Permian

Author: Jannyvel M. Vista

School: Libertad National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
Email Address: [email protected]
 B. Write the division and period of the listed events below. Refer to geological time
scale.
Event Era Period
1. first vascular land plants
2. jawed fish diversity
3. evolution of humans
4. first chordates
5. mammals diversify
6. first primates
7. dinosaurs’ diversity
8. major extinctions of reptiles’ diversity
9. sudden diversification of metazoan families
10. first flowering plants

Activity No. 2. Earth’s Past, Present, and Future

Objective: Identify the different divisions in the geologic time scale.
What you need: activity sheet, graph paper, pen
What to do: Track the Earth’s history using the geologic time scale.

1. The table below shows a record of the Average Global Temperature, Average Global CO2
Concentration, and % Global Ice Cover for each period listed.

Period 715 Ma 540 Ma 300 Ma 100 Ma 2 Ma 50 ka 10 ka 1880 2010

Average
Global
Temperature ~4oC 22oC 12oC 22oC 13oC 7oC 13.6oC 13.7oC 14.6oC
(°C)
Average
Global CO2 ~100 7000 350 1200 300 245 230 290 291
Concentratio ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm
n (ppm)
% Global Ice
Cover ~85% 0% 20% 0% 10% 25% 15% 10% 10%
Source: https://ei.lehigh.edu/learners/cc/geologictimeline.html

2. On the graph paper,

A. plot the Average Global Temperature.
 The x-axis is the 9 distinct periods.
 The y-axis is the Average Global Temperature in °C.
B. plot the Average Global CO2 Concentration.
 The x-axis is the 9 distinct periods.
 The y-axis is the Average Global CO2 Concentration in parts per million
(ppm).

Guide Questions:

1. What are the Average Global Temperature and Average Global CO 2 Concentration
for the 2010-time period?
Average Global Temperature:
Average Global CO2 Concentration:

Author: Jannyvel M. Vista

School: Libertad National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
Email Address: [email protected]
 2. Which period has the highest Average Global Temperature and Average Global CO 2
Concentration? Which period has the lowest Average Global Temperature and
Average Global CO2?
Highest Average Global Temperature:
Lowest Average Global Temperature:
Highest Average Global CO2 Concentration:
Lowest Average Global CO2 Concentration:
3. What caused the increased temperature and higher CO 2 concentrations during the
100 Ma period? Refer to the table below to help you with your answer.

4. What contributes to the increased temperature and CO2 concentration between

1880 and 2010? Refer to the table below to help you with your answer.

Year Earth’s Image Description

715 Snowball Earth
Ma Earth at this time is often called “Snowball Earth” by
scientists. All of the tectonic plates were located near the
equator. Glacial ice deposits have been found in what were
tropical areas at that time. This provides evidence that Earth
was nearly frozen. The high albedo of the ice leads to
planetary cooling. The Northern and Southern continents
were beginning to separate.
540 Cambrian Explosion
Ma Rapid evolutionary processes at this time lead to the
appearance of many new life forms. Evidence from the fossil
record indicates that most major types of organisms appeared
at this time. The ancient Atlantic Ocean, the Iaepitus Ocean,
was opening and beaches rimmed the North American
continent.

300 Carboniferous Coal

Ma Earth at this time included mountains forming all over the
world, the supercontinent of Pangea, and widespread shallow
seas. Most plants and animals had colonized land
environments. Coal swamps developed in the tropics. Trees
evolved bark and much wood was buried that eventually
formed into coal.
100 Cretaceous Warmth
Ma Earth at this time included dinosaurs and the evolution of
new groups of mammals, birds, and flowering plants. The
Earth’s climate was very warm and the sea level was very
high. Rapid rates of seafloor spreading led to shallower
oceans, which overflowed onto the continents. One-third of
today’s land areas were underwater including the center of
the United States. Underwater volcanic activity puts a lot of
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This caused
temperatures to warm and melted nearly all of the Earth’s
glaciers. Tropical plants and reptiles were found close to the
Earth’s poles.

Author: Jannyvel M. Vista

School: Libertad National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
Email Address: [email protected]
2 Ma Quaternary Ice Age
Earth at this time included the formation of glaciers in the
northern hemisphere and the expansion of a large Antarctic
ice sheet. This frozen water lowered the sea level creating vast
coastal plains. Humans evolved in Africa and began to migrate
northward. During this time, 11 major ice ages, each lasting
thousands of years, occurred and were separated by warmer
periods.

50 ka The Last Glaciations

The Laurentide ice sheet, centered on Hudson’s Bay in
present day Canada, advanced and retreated, carving out the
Great Lakes. As the amount of land ice changed, sea level rose
and fell creating temporary land bridges across the English
Channel and Bering Strait. This allowed Paleolithic (Stone
Age) man to migrate to England and North America. Giant
mammals flourished in parts of North America and Europe
that were not covered in ice.
10 ka Holocene Development of Civilization
The Earth’s climate at this time became warm and has
remained relatively stable until the present. Homo sapiens
(modern humans) spread to all parts of the world and
civilizations developed. Most large land mammals became
extinct. Pleistocene ice receded causing sea levels to rise and
land to form the shorelines we see today.

1880 1880 The Anthropocene

Earth at this time is marked by humans dominating and
rapidly changing the world. Population began to rise sharply,
and deforestation and other ecosystem destruction became
widespread to make room for more agricultural lands. The
industrial revolution saw major changes in technology. Steam
power, electricity from coal, and gasoline powered engines
became abundant. The heavy use of fossil fuels began and
has contributed to the rise in atmospheric greenhouse gases
and rapid climate change. Global transport of invasive species
changed ecosystems everywhere. Human population reached
1.5 billion by 1880.
2010 Present Day
At this time, all parts of the Earth are controlled by human
activity. Population has reached 7 billion people. People now
use most of the fresh surface water on the planet, have
converted a large portion of the world’s plants to agriculture,
changed the land cover over broad areas of all continents
except Antarctica, and even are beginning to change the
chemistry of the world's oceans. The accelerated use of fossil
fuels is leading to a sharp rise in atmospheric greenhouse
gases and rapid climate change. The most important of these,
carbon dioxide, is emitted world-wide from electricity
generating plants, from the manufacturing of goods, and the
transportation of goods and people in planes, trucks, and
cars.
Source: Source: https://ei.lehigh.edu/learners/cc/geologictimeline.html

Author: Jannyvel M. Vista

School: Libertad National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
Email Address: [email protected]
 5. What pattern do you observe between CO2 and temperature? Support your claim
with evidence.

6. Have humans always contributed to the global warming of our planet? Support
your claim with evidence.

Scoring Rubric for Activity No. 3

3 Explanation is scientifically relevant to the concept, well-organized, and has no
spelling and grammatical errors.
2 Explanation is scientifically relevant to the concept, well-organized, but with
minimal spelling and grammatical errors.
1 Explanation is scientifically relevant to the concept, but not organized, and with
minimal spelling and grammatical errors.

Reflection:
1. Which of the concepts listed in the table below interests you the most? the least?

Please put a checkmark (/) on the column that corresponds to your answer.
Concepts Most Interested Least Interested
A. What is Geologic time scales
B. Division of the Geologic Time Scale
C. Division of the Cenozoic Era
Directions: Write your answer in two sentences only on a separate sheet of paper.
2. Did the activities help you to understand the topic? Yes or No. Why?
3. What is the significance of the topic in your life? Why?

References:
Mercado, R. Earth and Life Science Pivot Learner’s Material pp 224-244, 2020, Published by
the Department of Education- Region IV-A Calabarzon, Gate 2 Karangalan Village,
Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800
Sia, S.R and Cortez, L.A. Science in Today’s World: Earth and Life Science. Sibs Publishing
House, Inc., Phoenix Building927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.
Web Sources:
https://ei.lehigh.edu/learners/cc/geologictimeline.html

Image Sources:
Figure 1. Figure 1. The divisions of geologic time scale
Source: https://www.miguasha.ca/mig-en/the_notion_of_geologic_time_v.php

Author: Jannyvel M. Vista

School: Libertad National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
Email Address: [email protected]
 Email Address: [email protected]
Division: Agusan del Sur
School: Libertad National High School
Author: Jannyvel M. Vista
Activity 1: Tell me, where do I belong?
Activity No. 2 Earth’s Past, Present, and Future
A.
1. Average Global Temperature: 14.6oC C Hadean, Archaean, and Proterozoic
Average CO2 Concentration: 291 ppm D Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous
2. Highest Average Global Temperature: 100 Ma/ B Tertiary and Quaternary
500 Ma A Cambrian, Ordovician...and Permian
Lowest Average Global Temperature:715 Ma
Highest Average CO2 Concentration: 500 Ma B. 1. Paleozoic - Silurian
Lowest Average CO2 Concentration:10 ka 2. Paleozoic – Devonian
3. Underwater volcanic activity 3. Cenozoic- Quaternary
4. Heavy use of fossils 4. Paleozoic- Cambrian
5. Answers may vary according to student’s 5. Cenozoic- Tertiary
perception 6. Mesozoic- Cretaceous
6. Answers may vary according to student’s 7. Mesozoic- Jurassic
perception 8. Paleozoic- Permian
Graph 1 9. Paleozoic- Ordovician
10. Mesozoic - Cretaceous
Graph 2
Answer Key