Namma Kalvi 6th Standard Tamil Guide Term 1 220948

5-in-1 6
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jkpH; Ö M=;fpyk; Ö fzpjk;

mwptpay; Ö r@f mwptpay;
®
SRI GANGA PUBLICATIONS
(A unit of Shyamala Group)
No. 1, Sugar Mill Colony, Phone : 0462 - 2338899, 2338484.
Salai Kumaran illam, Mobile : 94431-58484,
Madurai Road, 94421-58484,
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
PREFACE
First Term 6th Std Tamil, English, Maths, Science
& Social Science text books have been prepared following the
guidelines given in the NATIONAL CURRICULUM FRAME WORK.
The new text books provide ample opportunities for the children
to learn the language and use it effectively and effortlessly. The
marked changes in the new books aim at equipping the children
with a gradual building of language competency.
In tune with the objectives as formulated in the new text

books, GANGA PUBLICATION has come out with a new work
book and guide to facilitate the children to learn at ease and score
very good marks in their language papers. Every effort has been
taken to make the exercises easy to attempt. With answers in a
simple language, additional exercises have been given to hone the
linguistic skills of the children.
Adequate explanations for all the exercises will enrich their

knowledge.
One of the most salient features of the book on your hand

is an ICT CORNER introduced in each unit for the first time. The
answers provided in the work book will be certain to enhance
digital literacy skills.
It is earnestly hoped that GANGA 5-in-1 GUIDE will be of

immence help fine-tuning your language skills and enable you to
face the examination with confidence and competence.
Wish you the most successful, pleasant Academic year with

GANGA GUIDE. -Publisher

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(iv)
bghUslf;fk;
jkpH;
,ay; jiyg;g[ gf;fk; vz;
jkpH;j;njd;
,d;gj;jkpH;
jkpH;f;Fk;kp
1 1 - 17
tsh;jkpH;
fdt[ gypj;jJ
jkpH; vGj;Jfspd; tif bjhif
,aw;if
rpyg;gjpfhuk;
fhzp epyk;
2 rpwfpd; xir 18 - 37
fpHtDk; flYk;
KjbyGj;Jk; rhh;bgGj;Jk;
jpUf;Fws;
mwptpay; bjhHpy;El;gk;
mwptpay; Mj;jpNo
mwptpayhy; Ms;nthk;
3 38 - 52
fzpadpd; ez;gd;
xsp gpwe;jJ
bkhHp Kjy;/ ,Wjp vGj;Jfs;
kdg;ghlg;gFjp 53
fl;Liufs; 54
bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL njh;t[ 57

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(v)
ENGLISH
Unit Topic Page No.
Prose Sea Turtles
1 Poem The Crocodile 61 - 87
Supplementary Owlie
Prose When the Trees Walked
2 Poem Trees 88 - 124
Supplementary The Apple Tree and the Farmer
Prose The Visitor From Distant Lands
3 Poem Dream of Spices 125 - 154
Supplementary Spices of India
Summative Assessment 155
Memoriter Poem 158
fzpjk;
myF jiyg;g[ gf;fk; vz;
1 vz;fs; 161 - 189
2 ,aw;fzpjk; ? Xh; mwpKfk; 190 - 202
3 tpfpjk; kw;Wk; tpfpj rkk; 203 - 226
4 totpay; 227 - 249
5 g[s;spapy; 250 - 276
6 jfty; brayhf;fk; 277 - 287
Kjy; gUt khjphp tpdhj;jhs; 288 - 290

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(vi)
mwptpay;
1 mstPLfs; 293 - 306
2 tpira[k; ,af;fKk; 307 - 322
3 ek;ikr; Rw;wpa[s;s gUg;bghUl;fs; 323 - 342
4 jhtu=;fs; thGk; cyfk; 343 - 352
5 tpy=;Ffs; thGk; cyfk; 353 - 359
6 cly; eyKk; RfhjhuKk; 360 - 369
7 fzpdp ? Xh; mwpKfk; 370 - 373
r@f mwptpay;
1 tuyhW vd;why; vd;d> 379 - 386
2 kdpjh;fspd; ghpzhk tsh;r;rp 387 - 393

tuyhW
3 rpe;Jbtsp ehfhpfk; 394 - 406
4 jkpH;ehl;od; gz;ila efu=;fs; 407 - 414
1 nguz;lk; kw;Wk; Nhpaf;FLk;gk; 415 - 423

g[tpapay;
2 epyg;gug;g[k; bgU=;fly;fSk; 424 - 434
1 gd;Kfj; jd;ikapid mwpnthk; 435 - 440

Foikapay;
2 rkj;Jtk; bgWjy; 441 - 446

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gUtk; I  ,ay; 1 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; 1
ftpijg;ngiH
,ay; ,d;gj;jkpH;
xd;W ? ghujpjhrd;
Mrpupau; Fwpg;g[ :
bgau; ? Rg;g[uj;jpdk;
bgw;nwhu; ? je;ij ? fdfrig/ jha; ? ,yf;Fkp
gpwg;g[ ? 1891 Vg;gpuy; 29k; ehs;/ g[Jit
rpwg;g[g; bgau; ? ghujpjhrd;/ ghnte;ju;/ g[ul;rpf; ftp
gilg;g[fs; ? FLk;g tpsf;F/ ,Uz;l tPL/ jkpHpaf;fk;/ ghz;oad; gupR/
mHfpd; rphpg;g[
gzp ? g[Jit murpdh; fy;Y}upapy; nguhrpupau; gzp
brhy;Yk; ? bghUSk; : gf;fk; 2
epUkpj;j ? cUthf;fpa r@fk; ? kf;fs; FG
tpist[ ? tpisr;ry; mrjp ? nrhh;t[
E}y; btsp :
ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;bgah; Rg;g[uj;jpdk;. ghujpahhpd; ftpijfs; kPJ bfhz;l
gw;wpd; fhuzkhfj; jk; bgaiug; ghujpjhrd; vd khw;wpf; bfhz;lhh;. jk; ftpijfspy;
bgz;fy;tp/ ifk;bgz; kWkzk;/ bghJt[ilik/ gFj;jwpt[ Kjyhd g[ul;rpfukhd
fUj;Jfis cs;th=;fpg; ghoa[s;shh;. vdnt/ ,th; g[ul;rpf;ftp vd;W nghw;wg;gLfpwhh;.
,tiug; ghnte;jh; vd;W nghw;Wth;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. ,d;gj;jkpH; vd;w ghliy ,dpa Xira[ld; ghLf.
khztr; bry;t=;fns- ,d;gj;jkpH; vd;w ghliy ,dpa Xira[ld; gho kfpH;f.
2. jkpiH mKJ/ epyt[/ kzk;/ vd;W bgahpl;L miHg;gJ gw;wp tFg;giwapy; fye;JiuahLf.
mKJ :
njth;fs; kl;Lnk cz;zf; ToaJ mKjk;. me;j mKjkhdJ kpf ,dpikahdJ.
thH;it mspf;ff; ToaJ. mJ nghy jkpHhdJ/ kpft[k; ,dpikahdJ. gog;gth;fSf;Fk;/
,aw;Wgth;fSf;Fk; thH;it mspf;fty;yJ. vk; bkhHpapdUf;Fk; ,dpikia
tH=;FtJ. mKJ cz;z Mh;tj;ijj; J}z;Lk;. mJnghy/ jkpGk; jd;idg;
gog;gth;fSf;Fk;/ ,aw;Wgth;fSf;Fk; Mh;tj;ij mspf;Fk;. mKJ vspikahff;
fpilg;gJ ,y;iy. mJnghy jkpGk; jd;id tpUk;ghjth;fSf;F vspjhf fpilj;J
tplhJ.
epyt[ :
epyt[ iff;F vl;lhj xd;W. jkpGk; iff;F vl;lhj bkhHp. epyt[ g{kpf;F
bjhiytpy; ,Ue;jhYk; vy;yhUf;Fk; fz;zpy;gLk;. jkpH; cyfpd; filf;nfhoapy;
,Ue;jhYk; vy;yhUf;Fk;/ ve;ehl;odUf;Fk; mwpa[k; tHpapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. epyit
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2 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; gUtk; I  ,ay; 1
tpUk;ghj egnu ,y;iy. jkpiH tpUk;ghj ,dnk ,y;iy. epyt[ ,utpy; Fsph;r;rpiaj;
jUk;. jkpH; vg;bghGJk; gof;fpd;w/ ,aw;Wfpd;w kd=;fSf;Ff; Fsph;r;rpiaj; juf;ToaJ.
epyitg; ghh;gth;fSf;F cs;sg; g{hpg;g[ Vw;gLk;. jkpiHg; gog;gth;fSf;Fk; cs;sg;
g{hpg;g[ Vw;gLk;. epyt[ tsh;gpiwapy; tsUk;. Mdhy; jkpnHh vf;fhyj;jpYk; njahky;
tsh;e;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk;.
kzk; :
kzk; kdjpw;F MWjiyj; jUk;. jkpH; gog;gth;fSf;Fk;/ jkpiH
,aw;Wgth;fSf;Fk; MWjiyj; jUk;. kzk; cs;sf;fpsh;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jk;. jkpGk;
cs;sf;fpsh;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jty;yJ. kzk; fhw;W tPRfpd;w ,lbky;yhk; gut[k;. jkpH;
Rthrpf;fpd;w ,lbky;yhk; gut[k;. kzk; kfpH;itj; jUk;. jkpH; bgUkfpH;itj; jUk;.
kzk; tPRk;. jkpH; ngRk;. kzk; g[j;bjhsp mspf;Fk;. jkpH; g[J cyfk; gilf;Fk;.
3. jkpGf;F eP=;fs; R{l;l tpUk;g[k; bgah;fisg; gl;oaypLf.
jkpH; vd; cyfk; jkpH; vd; ez;gd; jkpH; vd; bry;tk;
jkpH; vd; caph; jkpH; vd; cly; jkpH; vd; mwpt[
4. jkpH;f; ftpijfs;/ ghly;fisg; goj;J kfpH;f.
1. jpj;jpf;Fk; ,d;bkhHpna 2. jkpnH cd;idj;
bjtpl;lhj njd; bkhHpna njd; vd;ngd; ghy; vd;ngd;
vj;jpf;Fk; g[fH; kzf;Fk; bjtpl;lhj Rit vd;ngd;
<oy;yhj; jkpH;bkhHpna kyh; vd;ngd; kzk; vd;ngd;
tpj;jfiu tpaf;f itf;Fk; kaf;;Fk; ey; kJ vd;ngd;
tpoay; jUk; jpUtpsf;nf- fdp vd;ngd; mKJ vd;ngd;
rpj;jbky;yhk; epiwe;J ,d;gk; ftiy ePf;Fk; kUe;J vd;ngd;
rpwf;f itf;Fk; njdKnj fiy vd;ngd; rpiy vd;ngd;
Kj;jkpnH- Kf;fdpna- fw;gid vd;ngd;
Kotpy;yh caph; Cw;nw- cly; vd;ngd; caph; vd;ngd;
cs;sj;jpd; czh;btd;ngd;.
kjpg;gPL
I. rupahd tpiliaj; nju;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. Vw;wj; jhH;tw;w _____ mika ntz;Lk; gf;fk; 4
m) r@fk; M) ehL ,) tPL <) bjU tpil : m) r@fk;
2. ehs; KGtJk; ntiy bra;J fisj;jtUf;F _____ Mf ,Uf;Fk;.
m) kfpH;r;rp M) nfhgk; ,) tUj;jk; <) mrjp tpil : <) mrj
3. epyt[ + vd;W vd;gjidr; nru;j;J vGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy;_____
m) epybad;W M) epybtd;W
,) epytd;W <) epyt[ vd;W tpil : M) epybtd;W
4. jkpH; +v=;fs; vd;gjidr; nru;j;J vGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy;. _____
m) jkpH=;fs; M) jkpbH=;fs;
,) jkpG=;fs; <) jkpH;v=;fs; tpil : M) jkpbH=;fs;
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5. mKbjd;W vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ_____
m) mKJ + bjd;W M) mKJ + vd;W
,) mKJ+ xd;W <) mK+bjd;W tpil : M) mKJ + vd;W
6. brk;gaph; vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ_____
m) brk;ik + gaph; M) brk; + gaph;
,) brik+ gaph; <) brk; +gaph; tpil : m) brk;ik + gaph;
II. bghUj;Jf.
,d;gj;jkpH;; ghlypd; fUj;Jf;F Vw;wgo bghUj;Jf (tpila[ld;).
m) tpist[f;F ? ePu; M) mwpt[f;F ? njhs;
,) ,sikf;F ? ghy;; <) g[yth; ? nty;
III. xj;j Xirapy; Koa[k; (,iag[r;) brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
v.fh ngh; ? neh; ngh; ? ePu; ngh; ? Ch;
ghy; ? nty; thd; ? njd; njhs; ? ths;
IV. FWtpdh.
1. ghujpjhrd; jkpGf;Fr; Nl;;oa[s;s bgau;fs; ahit>
ghujpjhrd; jkpGf;Fr; Nl;;oa[s;s bgau;fs; mKJ/ caph;/ epyt[/ ePh;/ kzk;/ Ch;/ ghy;/
nty;/ thd;/ njd;/ njhs;/ ths; MfpaitahFk;.
2. eP=;fs; jkpiH vjndhL xg;gpLtPh;fs;>
eh=;fs; jkpiH capnuhL xg;gpLnthk;. Vbdd;why; caph; cs;stiujhd; clYf;F
kjpg;g[. mJnghy jkpH; cs;stiujhd; jkpHDf;F kjpg;g[.
V. rpWtpdh.
1. ,d;gj;jkpH; ? ghlypy; c=;fSf;Fg; gpoj;j mofs; ,uz;lid vGJf.
``jkpGf;Fk; mKbjd;Wngh; ? me;jj;
jkpH; ,d;gj; jkpH;v=;fs; capUf;F neh;~~
2. tpist[f;Fk; ePUf;Fk; cs;s bjhlu;g[ ahJ>
`èPupd;wp mikahJ cyF~~ vd;gJ ts;Std; thf;F. cyf capu;fs; midj;Jk;
thH;tjw;F Mjhukhf tps=;FtJ ePuhFk;. mj;jifa ePu; bgUf;bfLj;J XLk;
Mw;w=;fiuapy;jhd; kdpj ehfuPfk; tsu;e;Js;sJ. ,Jnt tpist[f;Fk; ePUf;Fk; cs;s
bjhlu;g[ MFk;.
VI. rpe;jid tpdh.
1. nty; vd;gJ Xu; Ma[jk;. jkpH; Vd; ntYld; xg;gplg;gLfpwJ> c=;fs; fUj;ijf; TWf.
nty; vd;gJ xU Th;ikahd Ma[jk;. mJ vy;yh capu;fisa[k; CLUtpg;
ghu;f;Fk; jd;ika[ilaJ. nty; kdpjf; fu=;fspy; ,Uf;Fk;nghJ kdpjDf;F kpfg;bgupa
ijupaj;ijf; bfhLf;fty;yJ. mJnghy g[yth;f;Fj; jkpH; ifapypUe;jhy; ijupaj;ij
mspf;Fk;/ cw;rhfj;ijf; bfhLf;Fk;. g[yth;fspd; ghly;fs; kdpj cs;s=;fis CLUtpg;
ghh;f;Fk; jd;ik bfhz;lJ. mjdhy;jhd; ftp+u; ntiya[k; jkpiHa[k; xg;gpl;Lg;
ghoa[s;shh;.
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ftpijg;ngiH ? jkpH;f;Fk;kp
bgU+;rpj;jpudhh;;
Mrpupau; Fwpg;g[ :
,aw;bgah; ? khzpf;fk;
g[idg;bgah; ? ghtynuW bgU+;rpj;jpudhh;
bgw;nwhh; ? je;ij ? Jiurhkp/ jha; ? F+;rk;khs;
Ch; ? nryk; khtl;;lj;jpYs;s rKj;jpuk;
gpwg;g[ ? 10.03.1933
,wg;g[ ? 11.06.1995
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ? fdpr;rhW/ Iia/ bfha;ahf;fdp/ ghtpaf;bfhj;J/ gs;spg;gwitfs;/
Ehwhrpupak;
elj;jpa ,jH;fs; ? bjd;bkhHp/ jkpH;r;rpl;L/ jkpH; epyk;
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; : gf;fk; 5

MHpg;bgUf;F ? fly;nfhs; nkjpdp ? cyfk;
CHp ? ePz;lbjhU fhyg;gFjp
cs;sg;g{l;L ? mwpa tpUk;ghik
E}y; btsp :
bgU+;rpj;jpudhhpd; ,aw;bgah; khzpf;fk;. ,th; ghtynuW vd;Dk; rpwg;g[g;
bgauhy; miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;. fdpr;rhW/ bfha;ahf;fdp/ ghtpaf;bfhj;J/ E}whrphpak;
Kjyhd E}y;fis ,aw;wpa[s;shh;. bjd;bkhHp/ jkpH;r;rpl;L/ jkpH;epyk; Mfpa ,jH;fis
elj;jpdhh;. jdpj;jkpiHa[k; jkpGzh;ita[k; gug;gpa ghtyh; ,th;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. jkpH;f;Fk;kp ghliy ,irnahL gho kfpH;f.
khztr; bry;t=;fns- jkpH;f;Fk;kp vd;w ghliy ,dpa Xira[ld; gho kfpH;f.
2. gpd;tUk; ftpij mofisg; goj;J kfpH;f.
thd;njhd;wp/ tsp njhd;wp/ beUg;g[j; njhd;wp
kz; njhd;wp/ kiH njhd;wp/ kiyfs; njhd;wp
Cd; njhd;wp/ caph; njhd;wp/ czh;t[ njhd;wp/
xsp njhd;wp/ xyp njhd;wp/ thH;e;j me;ehs;
njd; njhd;wpaJ nghy kf;fs; ehtpy;
bre;jkpnH- eP njhd;wp tsh;e;jha;- thHp-
khztr; bry;t=;fns-
nkw; Fwpg;gpl;l ftpij mofisg; goj;J kfpH;f.
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kjpg;gPL
I. rupahd tpiliaj; nju;e;bjLj;J vGJf. gf;fk; 7
1. jha;bkhHpapy; goj;jhy; _____ milayhk;.
m) gd;ik M) nkd;ik
,) bghWik <) rpWik tpil : M) nkd;ik
2. jfty; bjhlu;g[ Kd;ndw;wj;jhy; _____ RU=;fptpl;lJ.
m) nkjpdp M) epyh
,) thdk; <) fhw;wh tpil : m) nkjpd
3.bre;jkpH; vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____.
m) bre; + jkpH; M) brk; + jkpH;
,) brd;ik + jkpH; <) brk;ik + jkpH;; tpil : <) brk;ik + jkpH;
4. bgha;afw;Wk; vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____.
m) bgha; + mfw;Wk; M) bgha; + fw;Wk;
,) bgha;a + fw;Wk; <) bgha; + afw;Wk;; tpil : m) bgha; + mfw;Wk
5. ghl;L + ,Uf;Fk; vd;gjidr; nru;j;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____.
m) ghl;oUf;Fk; M) ghl;LUf;Fk;
,) ghoUf;Fk; <) ghoapUf;Fk; tpil : m) ghl;oUf;Fk;
6. vl;L + jpir vd;gjidr; nru;j;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____.
m) vl;Lj;jpir M) vl;ojpir
,) vl;Ljpir <) vl;o,ir tpil : m) vl;Lj;jpir
II. eak; czu;e;J vGJf.
1. ghly; mofspy; Kjy; vGj;J xd;Wnghy; tUk; (nkhid) brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
nkhid (ghly; mofspy; Kjy; vGj;J xd;Wnghy; tUtJ)
bfhl;L=;fo ? nfhijanu vl;L;j; jpir ? vl;olnt
CHp ? Cw;bwd;Dk; bgha; ? g{z;ltupd;
bka; ? nkjpdp
2. ghly; mofspy; ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;Wnghy; tUk; (vJif) brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
vJif (ghly; mofspy; ,uz;lhtJ vGj;J xd;Wnghy tUtJ)
bfhl;L=;fo ? vl;Lj; jpir CHp ? MHp bgha; ? bka;
III. FWtpdh. gf;fk; 7
1. jkpH; bkhHpapd; bray;fshff; ftp+u; TWtd ahit>
jkpH; bkhHpapd; bray;fshff; ftp+u; TWtd/ bgha;ia mfw;wp" kdjpd;
mwpahikia ePf;fp" md;g[ila gyupd; ,d;gk; jUk; ghly;fisj; je;J" caph;nghd;w
cz;ik jUk; ghly;fisj; je;J" caph; nghd;w cz;ikia Cl;o" cah;e;j mwj;ijj;
je;J" cyfk; rpwe;J thH;tjw;fhd tHpfisf; fhl;LtJ.
2. bre;jkpHpd; g[fH; v=;bfy;yhk; gut ntz;Lk; vd;W ftp+u; TWfpwhu;>
bre;jkpHpd; g[fH; vl;Lj;jpirfspYk; gut ntz;Lk; vd;W TWfpwhh;.
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IV. rpWtpdh.
1. fhy bts;sj;ij vjph;j;J epw;Fk; bkhHp jkpH; vd;W ftp+u; TWtjd; fhuzk; vd;d>
<uhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ghf ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa=;fisg; bgw;w KJbkhHp ek;
jkpH;bkhHp. r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs; Kjy; ,f;fhy ,yf;fpa=;fs; tiu gy ,yf;fpa=;fisf;
fz;Ls;sJ. mt;thW fz;oUe;Jk; jkpH;bkhHp rpije;J tpltpy;iy. khwhf gy
khw;w=;fisf; fz;L tsu;e;J cs;sJ/ gy bkhHpfs; mHpe;j epiyapYk; jkpH;bkhHp ,d;W
brk;bkhHpahf cyfpy; jiyepkpu;e;J epw;gjdhnyna ftp+u; mt;thW TWfpwhh;.
2. jkpH;f; Fk;kp ghlypd; tHp eP=;fs; mwpe;J bfhz;ltw;iw ck; brhe;j eilapy; jUf.
ehl;Lg;g[wg; ghly;fspy; xd;W Fk;kpg;ghl;L. ,g;ghl;ilg; bgz;fns Mog;
gho kfpH;tu;. Mdhy; jkpH;f;Fk;kp vd;gJ bgz;fSf;F kl;Lky;y jkpHh;fSf;Fk;
chpaJ vd;gijj; jkpHh; czu;jy; ntz;Lk;. mt;thW czUk; gl;rj;jpy; jkpH; vl;Lj;
jpirfspYk; jd; rpwFfis tphpj;J gwe;jpLk;. gy E}W Mz;Lfisf; fle;J gy mhpa
E}y;fisj; je;J mjd;tHp gy mwptpay; tsh;r;rpf;F Kd;ndhoahf tps=;fp epw;fpd;wJ.
,aw;ifr; rPw;wj;ija[k; gy ,d=;fspd; vjph;g;iga[k; kPwp mHpahky; epiyj;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
tha;ikia mfw;wp kdjpd; mwpahikia ePf;fp" md;g[ila gyhpd; ,d;gk; jUk;
ghly;fisj; je;J" caph;nghd;w cz;ikia Cl;o" cah;e;j mwj;ijj; je;J" cyfk;
rpwe;J thH;tjw;fhd tHpfisf; fhl;o epw;gJ ek; jkpnH vd;gij mwpe;J bfhz;nlhk;.
V. rpe;jid tpdh.
1. jkpH; bkhHp vt;thW mwpahikia mfw;Wk;>
<uhapuk; Mz;Lfshf gy ,yf;fpa=;fisf; fz;Ls;s ek; jkpH;bkhHp. mjpy; r=;f
,yf;fpaj;jpy;/ mf thH;t[/ g[w thH;t[ gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fisj; bjs;sj; bjspthfg; g[yth;fs;
vLj;jpak;gpa[s;sdh;. r=;fk; kUtpa ,yf;fpaj;jpy;/ mwbewpf; fUj;Jf;fisg; gy g[yth;fs;
vLj;jpak;gpa[s;sdh;. fhg;gpa=;fspy;/ fij khe;ju;fs; vt;thW ele;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;>
vt;thW ele;J bfhs;sf; TlhJ> vd;W thH;tpay; bewpfisf; fw;gpf;fpd;wdu;.
gf;jp ,yf;fpa=;fspy;/,iwtDf;Fk;/ kdpjDf;Fk; cs;s cwt[ vt;thW mika
ntz;Lk;> vt;thW mikjy; TlhJ vd;Wk; Twpa[s;sdu;. ,yf;fpa=;fspy;/ ngupyf;fpak;
rpw;wpyf;fpak; mika[k; Kiwa[k; mjd; rpwg;g[k; Twg;gl;oUf;fpwJ. ,f;fhy ,yf;fpa=;fspy;
vy;yh fhyf;fl;lj;jpw;Fk; bghUe;Jk; tifapy; gy mhpa fUj;Jf;fs; Twg;gl;oUf;fpd;wd.
,itfis itj;Jg; ghh;f;Fk;nghJ jkpH; bkhHp mwpahikia mfw;Wk; vd;gJ
cWjpna.
ciueil cyfk; ? tsh;jkpH;

fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. khw;w=;fSf;F Vw;gj; jd;idg; g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; bkhHp jkpH; vd;gJ gw;wpf;
fye;JiuahLf.
jkpH; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa=;fs; <uhapuk; Mz;Lfs; gHik tha;e;jit.
mitfisg; gof;Fk; nghJ Tl ,d;Wk; ,dpikahft[k;/ ,sikahft[k; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
@nte;jh;fspd; Ml;rpapd;nghJ gy g[yth;fs; r=;fk; mikj;J thH;e;jdh;. mth;fs;
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,aw;wpanj gHik tha;e;j r=;f ,yf;fpak; MFk;. r=;f ,yf;fpak; kdpj thH;itg; glk;
gpoj;Jf;fhl;Lk; fz;zhoahf ,d;Wk; tps=;FfpwJ. @nte;jh;fspd; Ml;rpf;Fg; gpd;
fsg;gpuh;fs; Ml;rpapy; jkpH; nrhh;e;J nghfhky; r=;fk; kUtpa ,yf;fpakhf cUbtLj;jJ.
kjg; g{ry;fSf;F ,ilapy; gf;jp ,yf;fpakhft[k;/ fhg;gpakhft[k; cUbtLj;jJ. ehaf;fh;
Ml;rpapy; rpw;wpyf;fpa=;fshf jd;id khw;wpf; bfhz;lJ. btspehl;lth; Ml;rpapy;
ciueil/ ftpij/ fij/ g[Jf;ftpij/ ehty;/ ghl;L/ fl;Liu/ bra;a[s;/ ehlfk;/ fojk;
vd;W jd;idg; g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhz;lJ. ,t;thW jkpH; bkhHp vy;yhr; NH;epiyf;F Vw;gt[k;
jd;id khw;wpa[k;/ tsh;e;Jk; g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhz;Lk; cs;sJ.
2. jkpH; ngrj;bjhpahj FLk;gj;jpdh; c=;fs; gf;fj;J tPl;oy; cs;sdh;. mth;fSf;F eP=;fs; fw;Wj;
ju tpUk;g[k; gj;Jj; jkpH;r; brhw;fisg; gl;oaypLf.
1. fhiy tzf;fk; 2. ed;wp TWfpnwd; 3. kfpH; r ; r pahf ,U=; f s;
4. rkhjhdk; cz;lhfl;Lk; 5. md;g[ld; thG=;fs; 6. el;g[ld; gHF=;fs;
7. xw;Wikaha; ,U=;fs; 8. czt[ cz;Oh;fsh 9. eykha; ,Uf; f pwPh; f sh
10. tHpghL bra;jPh;fsh
3. thH;j;Jfisj; jkpHpy; TWnthk;.
njh;t[ thH;j;J jd;dk;gpf;if thH;j;J

bjhy;iy jUk; bjhiyf;fhl;rp be+;rpy; epWj;J-
bjhiytpy; ,Uf;fl;Lk;/ btd;wth;fspd; tuyhW goj;jpL-
,ut[ bghGJ/ gfypy; cw=;Fk; Kd; rhjpj;jth;fspd; rhjid mwpe;jpL-
cd;id vGg;gl;Lk;/ rhjpj;J rhjid g[hpe;jpL-
cw=;Fk; ,utpy; cd; fdt[fs; cah;thf khztr; bry;t=;fns- midtUf;Fk;;
vz;zl;Lk;/ jd;dk;gpf;ifa[ld; rhjid gilj;jpl
fle;j fhy njhy;tpfs; cd;id jl;o jd;dk;gpf;if thH;j;Jfs;.
vGg;gl;Lk;/
goe;jitfs; midj;Jk; gRkuj;jhzp
nghy kdjpy; gjpal;Lk;
cd; gjw;w=;fs; midj;Jk;
jtpL bghoahfl;Lk;.
khztr; bry;t=;fns- midtUf;Fk; njh;tpy;
btw;wp bgw ,dpa njh;t[ thH;j;Jfs;.
kjpg;gPL
I. rupahd tpiliaj; nju;e;bjLj;J vGJf. gf;fk; 13
1. `bjhd;ik~ vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; _____
m) g[Jik M) gHik
,) bgUik <) rPu;ik tpil : M) gHik
2. `,lg;g[wk;~ vd;w brhy;iyg; gpupf;ff; fpilf;Fk; brhy;_____
m) ,ld; + g[wk; M) ,lJ + g[wk;
,) ,l+g[wk; <) ,lg; + g[wk; tpil : M) ,lJ + g[wk;
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3. `rPupsik~ vd;w brhy;iyg; gpupf;ff; fpilf;Fk; brhy;_____

m) rPh; + ,sik M) rPh;ik + ,sik ,) rPhp + ,sik <) rPw; + ,sik
tpil : m) rPh; + ,sik
4. rpyk;g[ + mjpfhuk; vd;gijr; nru;j;J vGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy;_____
m) rpyk;;gjpfhuk; M) rpyg;gjpfhuk; ,) rpyk;g[jpfhuk; <) rpyg;gjpfhuk;
tpil : M) rpyg;gjpfhuk;
5. fzpdp + jkpH; vd;gijr; nru;j;J vGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy;_____
m) fzpdpjkpH; M) fzpdpj;jkpH; ,) fzpzpjkpH; <) fdpdpjkpH;
tpil : M) fzpdpj;jkpH;;
6. ``jkpH;bkhHp nghy; ,dpjhtJ v=;Fk; fhnzhk;`` vd;W ghoatu;_____
m) fz;zjhrd; M) ghujpahh; ,) ghujpjhrd; <)thzpjhrd;
tpil : M) ghujpahh;
7. `kh` vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; _____
m) khlk; M) thdk; ,) tpy=;F <) mk;kh tpil : ,) tpy=;F
II. nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f:?
1. ehk; rpe;jpf;ft[k; rpe;jpj;jij btspg;gLj;jt[k; cjt[tJ_____ tpil : bkhHp
2. jkpHpy; ekf;Ff; fpilj;Js;s kpfg; gHikahd ,yf;fz Ehy; ___ tpil: bjhy;fhg;gpak;
3. bkhHpiaf; fzpdpapy; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk; vdpy; ,J _____ mog;gilapy;
totikf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;. tpil : vz;fspd;
III. brhw;fisr; brhe;jj; bjhlupy; mikj;J vGJf.

1. jdpr;rpwg;g[ ? cyf bkhHpfs; gy ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;wpy; jkpGf;bfd;W jdpr;rpwg;g[
cz;L.
2. ehs;njhWk; ? ehs;njhWk; jkpiHf; fw;why; jkpGzh;t[ tsUk;.
IV. FWtpdh
1. jkpH; @j;jbkhHp vdg;gLtJ vjdhy;>
,yf;fpak; njhd;wpa gpwnf mjw;Fupa ,yf;fz tpjpfs; njhd;wpapUf;f ntz;Lk;.
bjhy;fhg;gpak; jkpHpy; ekf;Ff; fpilj;Js;s kpfg;gHikahd E}y;" mg;gobad;why;
mjw;Fk; Kd;djhfnt jkpHpy; ,yf;fpa E}y;fs; njhd;wpapUf;f ntz;Lk;. Mfnt
,jidf; bfhz;L jkpH; kpft[k; bjhd;ikahd @j;jbkhHp vd miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
2. eP=;fs; mwpe;j jkpH;f; fhg;gpa=;fspd; bgau;fis vGJf.
Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fs; :
1. rpyg;gjpfhuk; 2. kzpnkfiy 3. rPtf rpe;jhkzp
4. tisahgjp 5. Fz;lynfrp
I+;rpWfhg;gpa=;fs; :
1. ehfFkhufhtpak; 2. cjazFkhufhtpak; 3. anrhju fhtpak;
4. ePynfrp 5. Nshkzp
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V. rpWtpdh.
1. mBwpiz/ ghfw;fha; vd;Dk; brhw;fspd; bghUs; rpwg;g[ ahJ>
jpiz/ cau;jpiz/ mBwpiz vd ,Utifg;gLk;. cau;jpizapd; vjpu;r;brhy;
jhH;jpiz vd mika ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; jhH;jpiz vd;W Twhky; mBwpiz
(my; + jpiz = cau;t[ my;yhj jpiz) vd;W bgaupl;L miHf;fpd;nwhk;.
ghfw;fha; frg;g[r; Rit cilaJ. mjidf; frg;g[f;fha; vd;W Twhky;/ ,dpg;g[
my;yhj fha; ghfw;fha; (ghF +my; + fha;) vd miHf;fpnwhk;.
2. jkpH; ,dpa bkhHp vd;gjw;fhd fhuzk; jUf.
jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fs; gyt[k; brg;gnyhir/ mftnyhir/ Js;snyhir/
J}=;fnyhir Mfpa ,dpikahd Xirfisa[k;/ nkhid/ vJif/ ,iag[ vd;Dk; brhy;
,dpikiaa[k;/ bra;a[spy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s brhy;Yf;fhd bghUSk; ,dpik kpFe;jdthf
mike;Js;sjhy; jkpiH ,dpabkhHp vd;W miHf;fpd;nwhk;.
3. jkpH; bkhHpapd; rpwg;g[f; Fwpj;J Ie;J tupfspy; vGJf.
@j;j jkpH; bkhHp vd;Wk; ,sikahdJ/ vspikahdJ/ ,dpikahdJ/
tsikahdJ. fhyj;jpw;nfw;gj; jd;idj; jFjpg;gLj;jpf; bfhz;lJ. epidf;Fk;nghnj
be+;rpy; ,dpg;gJ. ek; thH;itr; brHpf;fr; bra;tJ. cyfr; brk;bkhHpfSs; xd;whf
tps=;FtJ jkpH; bkhHp[apd; rpwg;ghFk;. cyf bkhHpfs; gytw;Ws; ,yf;fz/ ,yf;fpa
tsk; bgw;Wj; jpfGk; bkhHpfs; kpfr;rpynt. mtw;Ws; brk;ik kpf;f bkhHp vd Vw;Wf;
bfhs;sg;gl;lit xU rpy bkhHpfns! jkpH; bkhHp[ mj;jF rpwg;g[kpf;f brk;bkhHpahFk;.
VI. rpe;jid tpdh.

1. jkpH; bkhHp gof;ft[k;/ vGjt[k; vspaJ vd;gJ gw;wp c=;fs; fUj;J ahJ>
jkpH; bkhHp ngrt[k; gof;ft[k; vGjt[k; cfe;j bkhHp. capUk; bka;a[k;
,iztjhy; njhd;Wgit capu;bka; xypfs;. capu; vGj;Jfs;/ bka; vGj;Jfs;
Mfpatw;wpd; xypg;g[ Kiwfis mwpe;J bfhz;lhy; caph;bka; vGj;Jfis vspjhf
xypf;fyhk;. vGj;Jfisf; Tl;o xypj;jhny jkpH; goj;jy; ,ay;ghf epfH;e;JtpLk;.
jkpH; bkhHpia vGJk; Kiwa[k; kpf vspJjhd;. ,jw;nfw;g/ jkpH; vGj;Jfs;
ty+;RHp/ ,l+;RHp vGj;Jfshf cs;sd. mtw;Ws; bgUk;ghYk; ty+;RHp
vGj;Jfshfnt mike;Js;sd.
,t;thW jkpH;bkhHp gof;ft[k; vGjt[k; vspikahf ,Ue;jjdhy;jhd; gy
btspehl;ltu; ghuj ehl;L bkhHpfspy; jkpiHna mjpf Mh;tj;JlDk; Mira[lDk;
fw;wdu;. gyu; jkpHpnyna gy E}y;fisg; gilj;J kfpH;e;jdu;. ,e;jpahtpw;F te;j gy
btspehl;ltu; mjpfk; gapd;w bkhHpahft[k; jkpH; tps=;Ffpd;wJ. jkpH; bkhHpapy; ,Ue;j
gy E}y;fisj; j=;fs; jha;bkhHpapy; bkhHpkhw;wk; bra;Jk; kfpH;e;jdu;.
2. jkpH; bkhHp tsu;bkhHp vd;gij czh;fpwPh;fsh> fhuzk; jUf.
jkpGf;F Kj;jkpH; vd;Dk; rpwg;g[g; bgaUk; cz;L/ ,ay;jkpH; vz;zj;ij
btspg;gLj;Jk;" ,irj;jkpH; cs;sj;ij kfpH;tpf;Fk;" ehlfj;jkpH; czh;tpy; fye;J
thH;it ey;tHpg;gLj;Jk;.
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jkpHpy; fhye;njhWk; gy tifahd ,yf;fpa tot=;fs; g[jpJ g[jpjhf cUthfp
tUfpd;wd. g[Jf;ftpij/ ftpij/ bra;a[s; nghd;wit jkpH;f;ftpij tot=;fs;/ fl;Liu/
g[jpdk;/ rpWfij nghd;wd ciueil tot=;fs;. jw;nghJ mwptpay; jkpH;/ fzpzpj;jkpH;
vd;W nkYk; nkYk; tsu;e;J bfhz;L tUfpwJ. ,jdhy;jhd; jkpH;bkhHpia tsu;bkhHp
vd;W TWfpnwhk;.
tpupthdk; ? fdt[ gypj;jJ (fojk;)

fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. ,f;fijf;F eP=;fs; tpUk;g[k; tifapy; ntbwhU jiyg;gpLf.
Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;.
2. c=;fs; vjph;fhyf; fdt[ Fwpj;J xU fojk; vGJf.
vd;Dila vjph;fhyf; fdt[ xU rpwe;j MrphpauhtJ. Vbdd;why;.
``vGj;jwptpj;jtd; ,iwtd; Mthd;~~ vd;fpwJ btw;wp ntw;if. khjh/ gpjh/ FU/ bja;tk;
vd;w thpirg;go ghh;j;jhy; vy;yhk; ty;y ,iwtidf; fhl;Lk; jFjp MrphpaDf;nf
cz;L. mj;jF rpwg;g[ila Mrphpag; gzpna ehd; tpUk;g[k; vjph;fhyf; fdthFk;.
``md;d rj;jpuk; Mapuk; itj;jy; Myak; gjpdhapuk; ehl;ly;
md;d ahtpDk; g[z;zpak; nfho M=;nfhh; ViHf;F vGj;jwptpj;jy;~~
vd;ghh; ghujpahh;. kdpjd; bra;a[k; mw=;fspy; jiyahaJ fy;tpf;bfhilna.
fy;tp/ bfhLg;gth; bfhs;gth; Mfpa ,UtUf;Fk; ,k;ik kWikg; gad; Mfpa ,U
gaida[k; ey;Fk;. grpj;jtDf;F kPidf; bfhLg;gij tpl kPd; gpof;ff; fw;Wf; bfhLg;gJ
nkyhdJ. mj;jF rpwg;g[ila gzpahf Mrphpag;gzp tps=;FfpwJ.
``nfoy; tpGr;bry;tk; fy;tp~~ vd;ghh; ts;Sth;. cyfj;J bghUs;fbsy;yhk;
mHpe;jhYk; mHpahj fy;tpr; bry;tj;ij thhp tH=;Fk; Mrphpag; gzp bgUikf;FhpaJjhnd.
ey;ytdha;g; gpwf;fpd;w kdpjd; mtdJ nrh;f;ifahYk; gpwtw;whYk; vz;zw;w jPikfs;
te;J nrh;tjhy; jd; epiyapypUe;J khWgLfpd;whd;. mtid te;jile;j jPad mfyt[k;/
ey;yd te;jilat[k; tHpfhl;Ljny Mrphpag; gzpapd; jiyahd gzpahFk;.
xGf;fk; caphpDk; rpwe;jJ. mjdhy; khzth;fis xGf;fj;jpy; rpwe;jth;fshf
cUthf;Fntd;. xGf;fk; jtWk; khzth;fisf; fz;of;fj; ja=;fkhl;nld;. gog;gpy;
gpd;j=;fpa khzth;fSf;Fj; jdpf;ftdk; brYj;Jntd;. ghlj;jpy; vspjpy; tps=;fhj
fodg; gFjpfis kPz;Lk; brhy;ypj; jUntd;. gog;gpy; gpd;j=;fpa/ elj;ijapy;
rhpapy;hyj khzth;fspd; bgw;nwhh;fSld; bjhlh;g[ bfhz;L mwpt[iu tH=;Fntd;.
Mfnt. Mrphpag;gzpna vdJ vjph;fhyf; fdthFk;.
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I. tpdhf;fs;. gf;fk; 17
1. ,d;Ritapd; vz;zk; epiwntwf; fhuz=;fshf eP=;fs; vtw;iwf; fUJfpwPu;fs;>
,d;Ritapd; vz;zk; epiwntwf; fhuz=;fshf ,Ue;jit/ mtspd;
tplhKaw;rpa[k;/ mtSila mj;ijapd; cw;rhf Kaw;rpa[k;jhd;. ,d;Rit Kaw;rpapy;
jsu;e;J ,Ue;jnghJ mtSila mj;ijapd; cw;rhfkhd thh;j;ija[k; MWjYk;
mtSf;F cj;ntfj;ijj; je;jJ.
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2. mj;ijapd; fojf; fUj;Jf;fisr; RUf;fp vGJf.
jkpHpy; goj;jhy; rhjpf;f KoahJ vd;gJ jtwhd vz;zk;. rhjidf;F bkhHp
xU jilna ,y;iy. ePz;l beL=;fhykhfnt mwptpay; rpe;jidfnshL tps=;fpath;fs;
jkpHh;fs;. jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fspy; mwptpay; rpe;jidfs; gy fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
bjhy;fhg;gpah; jd; E}ypy; epyk;/ ePh;/ fhw;W/ beUg;g[/ Mfhak; vd;Dk;
Ie;Jk; fye;jJ ,t;t[yfk; vd;Wk;/ cyf caph;fis Xuwpt[ Kjy; Mwwpt[ tiu
tifg;gLj;jpa[s;sija[k; fhzyhk;.
fly; ePh; Mtpahfp nkfkhft[k;/ gpd;du; nkfk; Fsph;e;J kiHahfg; bghHpa[k;.
,jid Ky;iyg;ghl;L/ ghpghly;/ jpUf;Fws;/ fhh;ehw;gJ/ jpUg;ghit nghd;w
,yf;fpa=;fspy; fhz Kofpd;wJ. jputg; bghUs;fis vt;tst[ mGj;jpdhYk; mtw;wpd;
msitr; RUf;f KoahJ vd;gij xsitahu; jdJ ghlypy; Twpa[s;shu;.
tPuh; xUthpd; fhaj;ij btz;zpw Crpahy; ijj;j bra;jpiag; gjpw;Wg;gj;J
TWfpwJ. RwhkPd; jhf;fpajhy; Vw;gl;l g[z;iz/ euk;gpdhy; ijj;j bra;jpia ew;wpiz
Ehy; TWfpwJ. ,jd;tHp ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s mWit kUj;Jtk; gw;wp mwpe;J
bfhs;syhk;.
bjhiytpy; cs;s bghUspd; cUtj;ij mUfpy; njhd;wr; bra;a Koa[k;.
mwptpay; mwp+u; fyPypnah epWtpa fUj;J ,J. ,f;fUj;J jpUts;Stkhiy vd;Dk;
Ehypy; fgpyu; vGjpa ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;sJ.
rhjidahsu;fspd; thH;f;if epfH;t[fis mwpe;Jbfhs;" E}yfk; bry;;" E}y; thrp"
bjhlu;e;J Kaw;rp bra;" eP bty;tha;!
3. ``fdt[ gypj;jJ~~ vd;w jiyg;g[ ,f;fijf;F vt;thW bghUe;JfpwJ vd;gjid tpsf;Ff.
,d;Rit rpW taJ Kjny jhd; Xu; mwptpay; Ma;thsuhf Mf ntz;Lk;
vd;W Mirg;gLfpwhs;. mjw;fhf gy Kaw;rpfisa[k; vLf;fpd;whs;. Mdhy; mtSila
Kaw;rpfSf;Fg; gy Kl;Lf;fl;ilfs; tpGfpd;wd. mjdhy; nrhh;e;J nghd mts;
jd; mj;ijf;Ff; fojk; vGJfpwhs;. jdJ mj;ijapd; fdpthd ngr;Rk; cw;rhfkhd
thh;j;ijfSk; ,d;Ritf;F cj;ntfj;ij mspf;fpd;wJ. mj;ijapd; cw;rhfj;jpdhy;
jhd; bjhlh;e;J jdJ fdit edthf;f gy tHpfspy; Kay;fpd;whs;. ,Wjpahf jhd; Xu;
mwptpay; Ma;thsuhf Mf ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpa fdt[ gypj;jJ. Mfnt ``fdt[
gypj;jJ~~ vd;w jiyg;g[ ,f;fijf;Fg; bghUj;jkhf mike;Js;sJ.
fw;fz;L ? jkpH; vGj;Jfspd; tif bjhif

1. c=;fs; bgah; kw;Wk; c=;fs; ez;gh;fsJ bgah;fSf;fhd khj;jpiu msitf; fz;Lgpo.
(v.fh.) fgpyh; ? 1+1+1+1/2=3
1 1
,uhkd; ? 1+2+1+1 =4 bry;tk; ? 1+ +1+1 =3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
KUfd; ? 1+1+1+1 = 32 ehuhazd; ? 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 62
2
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kjpg;gPL
I. bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s khj;jpiu mst[f;nfw;gr; brhw;fis vGJf. gf;fk; 20
t.vz; Fwpg;g[ brhy;ypd; khj;jpiu brhy;

mst[
1 capbuGj;jpy; bjhl=;Fk; brhy; 2 khj;jpiu mJ
2 XbuGj;Jr; brhy; 2 khj;jpiu if
3 ty;ypd capu;bka; vGj;jpy; bjhl=;Fk; brhy; 4 khj;jpiu gHbkhHp
4 bky;ypd capu;bka; vGj;jpy; bjhl=;Fk; brhy; 4 khj;jpiu E}y;fs;
5 ,ilapd capu;bka; vGj;jpy; bjhl=;Fk; brhy; 4 khj;jpiu thbdhyp
6 Ma;j vGj;J ,lk;bgWk; brhy; 2 1/2 khj;jpiu vBF
bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
I. nfl;Lk; ghh;j;Jk; czh;f.
1. ,dpa jkpH;g; ghly;fisf; nfl;L kfpH;f.
khztr; bry;t=;fns- ,dpa jkpHg; ghly;fisf; nfl;L kfpH;f.
2. jkpHwp+h;fspd; thbdhsp/ bjhiyf;fhl;rp ciufisf; nfl;L kfpH;f.
khztr; bry;t=;fns- jkpHwp+h;fspd; thbdhyp/ bjhiyf;fhl;rp ciufisf;
nfl;L kfpH;f.
II. ngr;rhy; btspg;gLj;jp kfpH;f.
1. nfl;lwpe;j ,dpa jkpH;g;ghly;fisg; ghof; fhl;Lf.
1. mf;fpdpf; F+;brhd;W fz;nld; ? mij
m=;bfhU fhl;onyhh; bghe;jpil itj;njd;"
bte;J jzpe;jJ fhL" jHy;
tPuj;jpy; F+;brd;Wk; @g;bgd;Wk; cz;nlh>
jj;jhpfpl jj;jhpfpl jpj;njhk;.
2. fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;g[fspy; xU epkplk; ngRf.

* jkpH; ,dpJ * jkpH; vspJ * jkpH; g[jpJ
jkpH; ,dpJ :
jkpH; vd;why; ,dpik vd;gJ bghUs;. jkpHpy; brhy; ,dpik/ bghUs; ,dpik/
Xir ,dpik/ ,yf;fz ,dpik/ ,yf;fpa ,dpik vdg; gy ,dpikfs; epiwe;Js;sd.
mjdhnyna jkpGf;Fk; mKbjd;W ngh; vdg; ghul;Lfpwhh; ghnte;jh; ghujpjhrd;.
njd;jkpH; vd;Wk;/ jPe;jkpH; vd;Wk; milbkhHp bfhLj;Jj; jkpHpd; ,dpikia
btspg;gLj;Jfpnwhk;.
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jkpH; vspJ :
vj;jidnah bkhHpfs; cyfpy; njhd;wpa[s;sd" fhy bts;sj;ijf; flf;f
Koahky; vj;jidnah bkhHpfs; mHpe;Jtpl;ld. mt;thW ,Ue;Jk; jkpH; bkhHp mHpahky;
epiyj;jpUg;gjw;Ff; fhuzk; mjd; vspikna. mjdhnyna ,e;jpahtpw;F te;j gy
btspehl;lth; jkpiHf; fw;f Koe;jJ. fw;f Koe;jJ kl;Lky;yhky; gy ,yf;fpa=;fisa[k;
,aw;w Koe;jJ. jkpH; fhyj;jpw;F Vw;g jd;id vspikg;gLj;jpf; bfhs;fpwJ. cyfpYs;s
bkhHpfspy; jkpH; bkhHp nghy vspjhd bkhHp vJt[kpy;iy.
jkpH; g[jpJ :
jkpH;r; r=;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; njhd;wp ,d;iwa g[J ,yf;fpak; tiu gy
ghpkhz=;fisg; bgw;W g[jpa ,yf;fpakhfnt tps=;fp tUfpd;wJ. <uhapuk; Mz;Lfsha;
g[jpa g[jpa ,yf;fpa=;fs; njhd;wp ,d;Wtiu jkpH; g[jpjhfnt jpfH;fpd;wJ. ,yf;fz
mikg;gpy; g[Jik fz;l bgUik jkpH; bkhHpf;nf cz;L. ige;jkpHhf ,Ue;j jkpH; ,d;W
brk;bkhHpahf cyf mstpy; cah;e;J epw;fpd;wJ. ,yf;fpak; vd;Dk; r+;rPtpahy;jhd;
jkpH;bkhHp ,d;wst[k; rPu+;rPtpahf thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;fpwJ.
III. brhy;yf; nfl;L vGJf.
m) ,d;gj;jkpH; M) bjhy;fhg;gpak; ,) Rg;g[uj;jpdk; <) gd;dpuz;L c) ghnte;jh;
C) mBwpiz v) bre;jkpH; V) Muha;r;rpahsh; I) caphpd=;fs; x) fUt{y=;fs;
m) ,d;gj;jkpH; ? ,d;gj;jkpGf;F ehSk; bra;nthk; ey;y bjhz;L
M) bjhy;fhg;gpak; ? cyfpy; fpilj;j ,yf;fz E}y;fSs; kpfg; giHikahdJ
bjhy;fhg;gpak;.
,) Rg;g[uj;jpdk; ? ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;bgah; fdfRg;g[uj;jpdk;.
<) gd;dpuz;L ? jkpHpy; capbuGj;Jfs; bkhj;jk; gd;dpuz;L.
c) ghnte;jh; ? ghujpjhrDf;F ghnte;jh; vd;w rpwg;g[g; bgaUk; cz;L.
C) mBwpiz ? mBwpiz caph;fisa[k; md;g[ bra;a ntz;Lk;.
v) bre;jkpH; ? rpj;jpuKk; ifg;gHf;fk;. bre;jkpGk; eh gHf;fk;.
V) Muha;r;rpahsh; ? bkhHp Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; gpd;gw;Wk; tHpKiwfisf;
TWtJ bjhy;fhg;gpak;.
I) caphpd=;fs; ? caphpd=;fsplj;J ,uf;fk; bfhs;Sjy; ntz;Lk;.
x) fUt{y=;fs; ? jkpHhpd; gz;ghl;Lf; fUt{y=;fshfj; jpfH;tJ
vl;Lj;bjhifa[k; gj;Jg;ghl;Lk; MFk;.
IV. fPH;f;fhQk; gj;jpiag; goj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf. gf;fk; ? 21
tphpthd fUj;ijf; RUf;fpf; brhy;tnj gHbkhHpapd; rpwg;g[/ rhd;whf/ Rj;jk;
nrhW nghLk; vd;Dk; gHbkhHp jUk; bghUisf; fhz;nghk;. Rj;jk; nehaw;w thH;itj;
jUk;. cly; Mnuhf;fpank ciHg;g[f;F mog;gil/ ciHj;Jj; njoa bghUshy; czt[/
cil/ ciwtplk; Mfpatw;iwg; bgWfpnwhk;. ,it midj;jpw;Fk; Rj;jnk mog;gil/
,t;tphpe;j fUj;J rpW mof;Fs; ml=;fpa[s;sJ.
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1. gHbkhHpapd; rpwg;g[_____brhy;tJ.
m) tpthpthfr; M) RU=;fr; ,) gHikiar; <) gy bkhHpfspy;
tpil : M) RU=;fr;
2. nehaw;w thH;itj; jUtJ_____ tpil : Rj;jk;
3. cly; Mnuhf;fpank_____mog;gil tpil : ciHg;g[f;F
4. ciHj;Jj; njoa bghUshy; ehk; bgWtd ahit>
tpil : ciHj;Jj; njoa bghUshy; czt[/ cil/ ciwtplk; Mfpatw;iwg; bgWfpnwhk;.
5. gj;jpf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jiyg;g[j; jUf.
tpil : g[wj;Jha;ik
V. gpwbkhHpf; fyg;gpd;wpg; ngRf.
1. v=;f !;Ty;ny Rw;Wyh Tl;ol;Lg; nghwh=;f.
tpil : v=;fs; gs;spapy; Rw;Wyh Tl;of; bfhz;L nghfpwhu;fs;.
2. bgw;nwhuplk; gu;kprd; byl;lu; th=;fptur; brhd;dh=;f.
tpil : bgw;nwhuplk; mDkjp fojk; th=;fp tur; brhd;dhu;fs;.
VI. Ma;e;jwpf.
1. bgaupy; jiyg;bgGj;ijg; gytifahf vGJfpd;nwhk;.
S. ,dpad;/ v!;. ,dpad;/ r. ,dpad; ? ,tw;Wld; rupahdJ vJ> Vd;>
tpil : ,tw;Ws; r. ,dpad; vd;gnj rupahdJ. jkpH;bkhHpapy; vGJk;nghJ gpwbkhHpf;
fyg;gpd;wp vGJjy; ntz;Lk;.
bkhHpnahL tpisahL
I. jpul;Lf. gf;fk; 22
ik vd;Dk; vGj;jpy; Koa[k; brhw;fspd; gl;oay; jahupf;f.
cz;ik/ bgha;ik/ bgz;ik/ bka;ik/ btz;ik/ fUik/ bghWik/ neu;ik/ nkd;ik/
gd;ik/ bgUik/ rpWik/ tha;ik/ vUik.
II. brhy; tsk; bgWnthk;.
1. fPHf;fhQk; brhw;fspy; cs;s vGj;Jfisf; bfhz;L g[jpa brhw;fis cUthf;Ff.
fUk;g[ = fU/ fk;g[
ftpij = ftp/ fij/ tpij
gjpw;Wg;gj;J = gjp/ gjpw;W/ gj;J/ gw;W.
gupghly; = gup/ ghly;/ ghhp/ gh.
2. ,uz;L brhw;fis ,izj;Jg; g[jpa brhw;fis cUthf;Ff.
E}y; bkhHp nfhy; kPd; ePjp vGJ
fz; btsp jkpH; kzp khiy tpz;
(v.fh : tpz;kPd;)
fz;kzp/ E}y;khiy/ jkpH;bkhHp/ vGJnfhy;/ kzpkhiy/ ePjpbkhHp/
kzpbkhHp/ tpz;btsp/ kPd;fz;/ jkpH;khiy/ tpz;kzp/ jkpH;kzp
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III. bghUj;jkhd brhw;fisf; bfhz;L bjhlu;fis epug;g[f.
(mHF/ Vw;wk;/ ,d;gk;/ Cf;fk;/ ,dpik/ Mw;wy;/ <L/ ,ir/ czu;t[/ VLfs;/ cupik/ vd;Wk;/
vspjha;/ ctif/ md;g[)
(v.fh.)
m ? md;g[ jUtJ jkpH; c ? czu;t[ jUtJ jkpH;
M ? Mw;wy; jUtJ jkpH; C ? Cf;fk; jUtJ jkpH;
, ? ,d;gk; jUtJ jkpH; v ? vd;Wk; ntz;Lk; jkpH;
< ? <L ,y;yhjJ jkpH; V ? Vw;wk; jUtJ jkpH;
IV. fl;l=;fspy; kiwe;Js;s bgau;fisf; fz;Lgpof;f. gf;fk; 23

gh u jp jh r d; f
u k; jh u R r k; 1. ghujpjhrd; 2. ghujpahu;
jp U t s; S t h; 3. jpUts;Stu; 4. xsitahu;
ah gh ij xs it ah h;
5. thzpjhrd; 6. Rujh
h; d; r jh zp th d;
epw;f mjw;Fj; jf
1. ehd; jha;bkhHpapnyna ngRntd;" jha;bkhHpapna fy;tp fw;ngd;.
ehd; vd; jha;bkhHpahd bre;jkpH;/ ige;jkpH;/ jPe;jkpH; vd;W gy bgah;fshy;
miHf;fg;gLk; jkpH; bkhHpiana ,dp ngRntd;. fy;tp fw;ngd;.
2. jkpH;g;bgah;fisna R{l;Lntd;.
ehd; vd; FLk;gj;jpYk;/ ez;gh;fsplj;jpYk; ,dp jkpH;g; bgah;fis R{l;l
bra;ntd;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
I. rup[ahd tpiliaj; nju;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. _____ mKbjd;W ngu;
m) jkpHpw;F M) jkpGf;F ,) jkpGf;Fk; <) jkpGf;nf
tpil : ,) jkpGf;Fk;;
2. jkpH;bkhHp/ g[ytu;fSf;F ___ nghd;wJ
m) mk;g[ M) nflak; ,) ths; <) nty;
tpil : <) nky;
3. jpirfs; _____ bre;jkpHpd; g[fH; gutntz;Lk;
m) ,uz;oYk; M) vl;oYk;
,) ehd;fpYk; <) gj;jpYk; tpil : M) vl;oYk;;
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4. 'rPu;ik’ _____; vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs;
m) bjhd;ik M) g[Jik ,) xG=;FKiw <) gHik
tpil : ,) xG=;FKiw
5. ‘vd;W gpwe;jts; vd;W czuhj ,ay;gpdshk; v=;fs; jha;;’ vdg; ghoatu; ____;
m) fz;zjhrd; M) ghujpjhrd;,) ghujpahu; <) thzpjhrd;
tpil : ,) ghujpahu;;
II. nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.
1. jkpH; _____ ,lbky;yhk; gut[k;. tpil : Rthrpf;fpd;w
2. ghtynuW vd;Dk; rpwg;g[g; bgau; bgw;wtu; _____ tpil : bgU+;rpj;jpudhu;
3. _____ Ml;rpapd; nghJ gy g[ytu;fs; r=;fk; mikj;J thH;e;jdu; tpil : @nte;ju;
4. XbuGj;Jr; brhy;ypd; khj;jpiu mst[ _____ tpil : ,uz;L
5. ,yf;fpak; njhd;wpa gpwnf mjw;Fupa _____ tpjpfs; njhd;wpapUf;f ntz;Lk;.
tpil : ,yf;fz
6. 'jkpHd;‘ vd;Dk; brhy; _____ njthuj;jpy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ. tpil : mg;gu;
7. cyfpy; _____ totk; bgwhj bkhHpfs; gy cs;sd. tpil : vGj;J
III. bghUj;Jf. (tpila[ld;)
thH;t[f;F ? Cu;/ ftpijf;F ? ths;/ cau;t[f;F ? thd;;
IV. tpdhf;fs;.
1. jkpH; vGj;Jf;fs; vit>
capbuGj;J ? 12 bka;baGj;J ? 18 capu;bka; vGj;J ? 216
Ma;jk; ? 1 bkhj;jk; ? 247
2. vGj;J vd;why; vd;d>
xyp tothf vGjg;gLtJk; tuptothf vGjg;gLtJk; vGj;J vdg;gLk;.
3. Fwpy;/ beoYf;fhd khj;jpiu vt;tst[>
FwpYf;F xU khj;jpiu/ beoYf;F ,U khj;jpiu MFk;.
4. capu;bka; vGj;Jfs; vt;thW njhd;Wfpd;wd>
bka;baGj;Jfs; gjpbdl;Lk; capu; vGj;Jf;fs; gd;dpbuz;Lk; nru;tjhy;
njhd;Wgit capu;bka; vGj;Jfs;.
5. Ma;jk; v=;nf gpwf;fpwJ>
Ma;jk; jiyia ,lkhff; bfhz;L gpwf;fpd;wJ. jkpH;bkhHpapy; capu;/ bka;/
capu;bka; vGj;Jfs; jtpu jdp vGj;J xd;Wk; cs;sJ. mJnt Ma;jkhFk;.
6. khj;jpiu vd;why; vd;d>
khj;jpiu vd;gJ ,=;Ff;; fhy msitf; Fwpf;fpwJ. xU khj;jpiu vd;gJ xUKiw fz;
,ikf;fnth xUKiw ifbehof;fnth MFk; fhy mst[.
7. bka;baGj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;>
bka;baGj;Jfs; @d;W tifg;gLk;. mit/ ty;ypdk;/ bky;ypdk;/ ,ilapdk; MFk;.

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khjpup tpdhj;jhs;
,ay; xd;W
neuk; : 1.30 kzp jkpH; kjpg;bgz; : 20
I. midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;ft[k;. 10 x 1 = 10
m. bghUs; jUf.
1. tpist[ ? 2. nkjpdp ?
M. gphpj;J vGJf.
3. mKbjd;W ? 4. ,lg;g[wk; ?
,. nrh;j;J vGJf.
5. jkpH; + v=;fs; ? 6. ghl;L + ,Uf;Fk; ?
<. nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.
8. Vw;wj; jhH;tw;w _____mika ntz;Lk;.
c. bghUj;Jf.
9. tpist[f;F ? ghy;
10. ,sikf;F ? ePh;
II. vitnaDk; @d;W tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f. 3x2=6

11. ghujpjhrd; jkpGf;Fr; R{l;oa[s;s bgah;fs; ahit>
12. fhy bts;sj;ij vjph;j;J epw;Fk; bkhHp jkpH; vd;W ftp+h; TWtjd; fhuzk; vd;d>
13. jkpH; @j;jbkhHp vdg;gLtJ vjdhy;>
14. jkpH; bkhHpapd; rpwg;g[ Fwpj;J Ie;J thpfspy; vGJf.
15. mBwpiz/ ghfw;fha; vd;Dk; brhw;fspd; bghUs; rpwg;g[ ahJ>
III. mogpwHhky; vGJf. 1x4=4
22. `jkpGf;Fk;~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; ,d;gj;jkpH; ghliy vGJf.

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ftpijg;ngiH
,ay; rpyg;gjpfhuk; ? ,s=;nfhtofs;

,uz;L
Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ : gf;fk; 26
bgah; : ,s=;nfhtofs;
bgw;nwhh; : je;ij ? ,katuk;gd; beL+;nruyhjd;/ jha; ? ew;nrhiz
gpwg;g[ : fp.gp. ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L kug[ : nru kug[
gilg;g[ : rpyg;gjpfhuk; jikad; : nrud; br=;Fl;Ltd;
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
jp=;fs; ? epyt[ bghw;nfhl;L ? bghd;kakhdrpfuj;jpy;
bfh=;F ? kfue;jk; nkU ? ,kakiy
myh; ? kyh;jy; ehkePh; ? mr;rk; jUk; fly;
jpfphp[ ? Mizr;rf;fuk; msp ? fUiz
E}y; btsp :
rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;Dk; fhg;gpaj;ij ,aw;wpath; ,s=;nfhtofs;. ,th; nru
kd;dh; kuigr; nrh;e;jth; vd;W rpyg;gjpfhug; gjpfk; TWfpwJ. ,th; fhyk; fp.gp. ,uz;lhk;
E}w;whz;L vd;gh;.
Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fSs; xd;W rpyg;gjpfhuk;. ,Jnt jkpHpd; Kjy; fhg;gpak;.
,J Kj;jkpH;f; fhg;gpak;/ Fokf;fs; fhg;gpak;/ vd;bwy;yhk; nghw;wg;gLfpwJ. rpyg;gjpfhuKk;
kzpnkfiya[k; ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpa=;fs; vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpd;wd. jp=;fs;/ +hapW/ kiH
vd ,aw;ifia thHj;Jtjhf ,e;E}y; bjhl=;FfpwJ.
fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. tsh;gpiwa[k; nja;gpiwa[k; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ngRf.
tsh;gpiw vd;gJ mkhthirapy; bjhl=;fp gt[(bgs)h;zkpapy; KotJ.
nja;gpiw vd;gJ gt[h;zkpapy; bjhl=;fp mkhthirapy; KotJ. kf;fs; mjpfkhf
tpUk;g[tJ tsh;gpiwiana. me;jf; fhy=;fspy;jhd; j=;fsJ tPLfspy; tpHhf;fis
elj;Jtjw;F kpft[k; tpUk;g[th;. nja;gpiw fhy=;fspy; tpHhf;fis elj;j tpUk;g[tJ
,y;iy. Vbdd;why; mJ mth;fSf;F ey;y fhy=;fshf njhd;Wtjpy;iy. tsh;gpiwapy;
tpHhf;fs; itj;jhy;/ me;j tpHhf;fs; rpwg;g[w;W miktjhf kf;fspd; ek;gpf;if. ,e;J
kjj;jpdUf;Fr; rpj;uh gt[h;zkpa[k;/ Mo mkhthira[k; rpwg;gpw;Fhpa ehshFk;. KfkjpaUf;F
tsh;gpiwapy; @d;whk; gpiw rpwg;ghf mikfpd;wJ. mkhthirf; fhy=;fspy; ,ut[
,Ushfj; njhd;Wk;. gt[h;zkpf; fhy=;fspy; ,ut[ btspr;rkhft[k;/ epyh mHfhdjhft[k;
fhl;rp jUk;. mkhthiria tpl gt[h;zkpiag; gw;wp mjpfkhd ftp+h;fs; ghoa[s;sdh;.
gt[h;zkp kf;fSf;F kfpH;r;rpfukhd ehshf mikfpd;wJ. mjdhy; gt[h;zkpiana mjpfk;
tpUk;g[fpd;wdh;.
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2. eP=;fs; tpUk;g[k; ,aw;ifg; bghUs;fspd; bgah;fisg; gl;oaypLf.

kuk;/ bro/ bfho/ kz;/ kiy/ Fd;W/ ePh;/ epyf;fhp/ jhJg;bghUl;fs;/ g{f;fs;/
fha;fs;. fdpfs;/ g[w;fs;/ g{z;Lfs;/ bgl;nuhypag; bghUl;fs;/ jhdpa=;fs;/ tpijfs;/
etuj;jpd=;fs;/ epyh.
3. `èpyh~~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ehd;F mofspy; ftpij gilj;jpLf.
kz;thdpy; ,Us; R{Gk;
br=;fjpnuhd; Japy;bfhs;Sk;
btz;nkfk; Filgpof;Fk;
btz;zpyt[ eilgapYk;
kjpg;gPL
I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. gf;fk; 28
1. fGj;jpy; NLtJ ________
m) jhh; M) fizahHp ,) jz;il <) nkfiy tpil : m) jhh;
2. fjputdpd; kw;bwhU bgah; ________
m) g[jd; M) +hapW ,) re;jpud; <) brt;tha; tpil : M) +hapW
3. btz;Fil vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ______
m) btz; + Fil M) btz;ik + Fil
,) btk; + Fil <) btk;ik + Fil tpil : M) btz;ik + Fil
4. bghw;nfhl;L vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ ______
m) bghd; + nfhl;L M) bghw; + nfhl;L
,) bghz;; + nfhl;L <)bghw;nfh + ,l;L tpil : m) bghd; + nfhl;L
5. bfh=;F + myh; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; ______
m) bfh=;Fmyh; M) bfh=;myh; ,) bfh=;fyh; <) bfh=;Fyh; tpil : <) bfh=;fyh;
6. mtd; + mspnghy; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; ______
m) mtd;mspnghy; M) mtdspnghy;
,) mtd;tspnghy; <) mtdhspnghy; tpil : M) mtdspnghy;
II. eak; mwpf.
1. ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s nkhidr; brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
jp=;fis ? jp=;fis/ +hapW ? +hapW/ khkiH ? khkiH
2. ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s vJifr; brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
jp=;fis ? bfh=;F/ khkiH ? ehkePh;
III. FWtpdh.
1. rpyg;gjpfhuf; fhg;gpak; vt;bttw;iw thH;j;jpj; bjhl=;FfpwJ>
rpyg;gjpfhuf; fhg;gpak;/ thd; epyh/ fjputd;/ thd;kiH nghd;wtw;iw thH;j;jpj;
bjhl=;FfpwJ.
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2. ,aw;if nghw;wj;jf;fJ Vd;>

kdpjd; ,a=;FtJk; thH;tJk; ,aw;ifapdhy;jhd; mt;tpaw;if ,y;yhky;
kdpjdhy; ,a=;f KoahJ. mJnt caphpd=;fSf;F kzpKo mjdhy;jhd; ,aw;ifiag;
nghw;Wfpnwhk;.
IV. rpe;jid tpdh.
1. ,aw;ifiag; nghw;Wk; tHf;fk; Vw;glf; fhuzkhf vtw;iwf; fUJfpwPh;fs;>
gz;ilafhy kf;fs; ,aw;ifnahL ,aw;ifahf thH;e;jdh;. ,aw;ifg;
g[yd;fSf;F Vw;g thGk; ,l=;fis mikj;J/ mt;tt; epyj;jpw;F Vw;w bjhHpiyr;
bra;J te;jdh;. Itif epy=;fis Itifj; jpizfisf; bfhz;L Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/
kUjk;/ bea;jy;/ ghiy vd mikj;J mjw;nfw;w chpg; bghUisa[k; cilath;fsha;
,Ue;jdh;. bjhy;fhg;gpak; caph;fis MW tifahff; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. vy;yh
caphpd=;fSk; kjpf;fg;gLtijg; gy;ntW ,yf;fpa=;fSk; ngRfpd;wd. thoa
gapiuf; fz;lnghbjy;yhk; thondd; vd;W ts;syhh; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. gHe;jkpHh;fs;
,aw;ifnahL ,iae;j thH;f;if thH;e;j fhuzj;jhy;/ ,aw;ifia ed;F mwpe;jpUe;jdh;.
kdpjd; ,a=;FtJk; thH;tJk; ,aw;ifapdhy;jhd;/ mt;tpaw;if ,y;yhky; kdpjdhy;
,a=;f KoahJ. ,aw;ifna caphpd=;fSf;F kzpKo. mjdhy;jhd; kdpjh;fs;
,aw;ifiag; nghw;Wtij tHf;fkhf;fpf; bfhz;ldh;.
ftpijg;ngiH ? fhzpepyk;
ghujpahh;
Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ :
bgah; : Rg;gpukzpad;
rpwg;g[g;bgah; : ghujpahh;/ b&y;ypjhrd;
bgw;nwhh; : je;ij ? rpd;drhkp/ jha; ? ,yf;Fkp
gpwg;g[ : 11.12.1882
Ch; : J}j;Jf;Fo khtl;lk; vl;lag[uk;
,wg;g[ : 11.09.1921
gzp : Kjypy; jkpHhrphpah; gzp gpd;g[ ,jHhrphpah; gzp.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
fhzp ? epy msitf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy;
khl=;fs; ? khspifapd; mLf;Ffs;
rpj;jk; ? cs;sk;
E}y; btsp :
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;od;; ,izaw;w ftp+h; ghujpahh;. mtuJ ,aw;bgah;
Rg;gpukzpad;. ,sikapnyna rpwg;ghff; ftpghLk; jpwd; bgw;wth;. vl;lag[u kd;duhy;
ghujp vd;Dk; gl;lk; tH=;fpr; rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lth;. jk; ftpijapd; tHpahf tpLjiy
czh;it Cl;oath;. kz; chpikf;fhft[k; bgz; chpikf;fhft[k; ghoath;. ehl;Lg;gw;Wk;
bkhHpg;gw;Wk; kpf;f ghly;fs; gytw;iwg; gilj;jth;. gh+;rhyp rgjk;/ fz;zd; ghl;L/ Fapy;
ghl;L Kjypa gy E}y;fis ,aw;wp cs;shh;.
ghujpahh; ftpijfs; vd;Dk; bjhFg;gpy; ,g;ghly; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ.
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fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. ghliy Xireaj;Jld; goj;J kfpH;f.
khztr; bry;t=;fns- fhzp epyk; ghliy Xireaj;Jld; goj;J kfpH;f.
2. fhzp vd;gJ epy msitf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy;. ,Jnghy epyj;ij msf;fg; gad;gLk; brhw;fisg;
gl;oaypLf.
brz;l;/ Vf;fh;/ b\f;lh;/ xU kuf;fh tpijg;ghL/ jhf;F/ FWdp/ FHp/ gh;yh=;F.
3. vd; fdt[ ,y;yk; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ngRf.
vd; fdt[ ,y;yk; ,aw;ifnahL ,iae;j ,y;ykhf tps=;f ntz;Lk;.
tPl;ow;Fs; bjd;wy; fhw;W jtH ntz;Lk;. tPl;ilr; Rw;wp g{+;brofspy; g{f;fs; g{j;Jf;
FY=;f ntz;Lk;. tPl;od; mUfpy; kh/ gyh/ thiH/ fKF/ bjd;id/ KU=;if/
My kuk;/ murkuk;/ ntk;g[/ rg;nghl;lh/ mj;jp/ bfha;ah/ khJis/ vYkpr;ir/ gg;ghsp
nghd;w ku=;fs; epiwe;J fhzg;gl ntz;Lk;. me;j ku=;fspy; Fapy;/ fpsp/ ikdh/ bfhf;F/
ehiu/ FUtp/ fhf;if/ g[wh/ nghd;w gwitfs; te;J j=;f ntz;Lk;. kuj;jpy; Fu=;Ffs;
Js;sp tpisahlntz;Lk;. btapYf;F ey;y epHy; ju ntz;Lk;. gy caphpd=;fSf;Fg;
g[fyplkha; tps=;f ntz;Lk;. tPL mHF tz;zj;jhy; g{rg;gl;oUf;f ntz;Lk;. ,y;yk;
brhh;f;fkhfj; jpfH ntz;Lk;.
kjpg;gPL gf;fk; 30
I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. fpzW vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy; _____
m) Vhp M) nfzp ,) Fsk; <) MW tpil : M) nfzp
2. rpj;jk; vd;gjd; bghUs; _____
m) cs;sk; M) kzk; ,) Fzk;; <) tdk; tpil : m) cs;sk;
3. khl=;fs; vd;gjd; bghUs; khspifapd; _____
m) mLf;Ffs; M) Tiu ,) rhsuk; <) thapy; tpil: m) mLf;Ffs;
4. ed;khl=;fs; vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpf;ff; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _____
m) ed; + khl=;fs; M) ew; + khl=;fs;
,) ed;ik + khl=;fs; <) ey; + khl=;fs; tpil : ,) ed;ik + khl=;fs;
5. epyj;jpdpilna vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpf;ff; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _____
m) epyk; + ,ilna M) epyj;jpd; + ,ilna
,) epyj;J + ,ilna <) epyj; + jpilnatpil : M) epyj;jpd;+,ilna
6. Kj;J + Rlh; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _____
m) Kj;JRlh; M) Kr;Rlh; ,) Kj;Jlh; <) Kj;Jr;Rlh;
tpil : <) Kj;Jr;Rlh;
7. epyh + xsp vd;gijr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _____
m) epyhxsp M) epyxsp ,) epyhbthsp <) epyt[xsp
tpil : ,) epyhbthsp
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II. bghUj;Jf. (tpila[ld;)

1. Kj;Jr; Rlh;nghy ? epyhxsp
2. J}aepwj;jpy; ? khl=;fs;;
3. rp[j;jk; kfpH;e;jp ? bjd;wy;
III. eak; mwpf.
1. fhzpepyk; ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s nkhidr; brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
fhzpepyk; ? fhzpepyk; J}zpy; ? Ja;a fhzp ? fl;o
nfzp ? fPw;W gj;J ? gf;fj;jpny Kj;J ? Kd;g[
fj;J=; ? fhjpy;
2. fhzpepyk; ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s vJifr; brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf/
fhzp ? fhzp fhzp ? J}zpy;
IV. FWtpdh.
1. fhzp epyk; ghlypy; ghujpahh; ntz;Ltd ahit>
fhzp mst[ epyk; ntz;Lk; m=;F xU khspif fl;oj;ju ntz;Lk;. mHfhd J}
z;fisa[k; J}a epwKila khl=;fisa[k; mJ bfhz;oUf;fntz;Lk;. ey;y ePiua[ila
fpzWk; m=;nf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. ,sePUk; fPw;Wk; jUk; bjd;idku=;fs; ntz;Lk;.
m=;nf Kj;J nghd;w epybthsp tPr ntz;Lk;. fhJf;F ,dpa Fapypd; Funyhir nfl;f
ntz;Lk;. cs;sk; kfpGkhW ,se;bjd;wy; jtH ntz;Lk;. vd;W ghujpahh; ntz;Lfpwhh;.
2. ghujpahh; ,aw;ifapd; kPJ bfhz;Ls;s tpUg;gk; Fwpj;J vGJf.
ghujpahh; Xh; ,aw;if ftp+h; Mthh;. mtUila ghly;fspy; mjpfk; ,aw;if
th;zidfns ,lk;bgw;wpUf;Fk;.
`èpyhita[k; thdj;J kPida[k; fhw;iwa[k;~~...
``fhf;if FUtp v=;fs; Tl;lk;~~...
vd;W gy ghly;fis gho ,Ug;gjd; @yk; mtuJ ,aw;ifapd; btspg;ghL
bjhpfpwJ. ve;jbthU ftp+Dk; ,aw;ifnahL xd;wpUf;fhtpoy; ftpijia ,aw;w
KoahJ. me;j mstpw;F ,aw;if/ ftp+Df;Ff; ftpijfis ms;spj; bjspf;fpwJ. mg;go
,Uf;Fk;nghJ ghujpf;F ,aw;ifapd; kPJ bfhz;Ls;s tpUg;gkhdJ g[jpjy;y. ghujpahh;
jd; thH;it ,aw;ifnahnl mikj;Jf;bfhz;lhh;. mth; jd; ghh;itapy; gl;l midj;Jg;
bghUs;fisa[k; ,aw;ifahfnt fz;Qw;whh;. mJkl;Lky;yhky; mth; ghlhj ,aw;if
bghUl;fns ,y;iy. ,aw;ifnahnl thHt[k; fw;Wf;bfhz;lth;. thH;e;Jk; fhl;oath;.
mth;; ,aw;wpa fhzp epyk; ghlypy; Tl/ fhzp mst[ epyk; ntz;Lk;. m=;F xU
khspif fl;oj;ju ntz;Lk;. mHfhd J}z;fisa[k; J}a epwKila khl=;fisa[k; mJ
bfhz;oUf;f ntz;Lk;. ey;y ePUila fpzWk; m=;nf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. ,sePUk;
fPw;Wk; jUk; bjd;id ku=;fs; ntz;Lk;. m=;nf Kj;J nghd;w epybthsp tPr ntz;Lk;
fhJf;F ,dpa Fapypd; Funyhir nfl;f ntz;Lk;. cs;sk; kfpGkhW ,se;bjd;wy;
jtH ntz;Lk;. vd;W ntz;LtJ nghy ghoa[s;shh;. ,tw;iw bay;yhk; ghh;f;Fk; nghJ
ghujpahh; ,aw;ifapd; kPJ guhrf;jpaplk; bfhz;Ls;s tpUg;gk; btspg;gLfpwJ.
V. rpe;jidtpdh.
1. ghujpahh; tPl;od; mUfpy; bjd;id ku=;fs; ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;. eP=;fs; ve;bje;j ku=;fis
tsh;g;gPh;fs; vd vGJf.
mj;jpkuk;. Mykuk;. gyhkuk;/ khkuk;/ bfha;ahkuk;. thiHkuk;/ ghf;Fkuk;/
KU=;ifkuk;/ bjd;id kuk;/ ntg;gkuk;/ mnrhfkuk;. g[d;idkuk;/ g[=;fkuk;/
rg;nghl;lhkuk; nghd;wtw;iw tsh;g;ngd;.
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ciueil cyfk; ? rpwfpd; Xir

fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. c=;fs; gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; gwitfspd; bgah;fisg; gl;oaypLf.
fpsp/ g[wh/ fhf;if/ ikdh/ rpl;Lf;FUtp/ bfhf;F/ ehiu/ fhil/ bfsjhhp/ gUe;J/
fGF/ njd;rpl;L/ btsthy;/ kPd;bfhj;jp/ kuk;bfhj;jp/ kapy;/ Fapy;/ J}f;fdh=;FUtp/
ePh;f;fhfk;/ nfhHp/ thd;nfhHp/ ,ul;ilthy; FUtp/ fU=;FUtp.
2. c=;fs; tPl;of;F mUfpy; gwitfs; tUtjw;F vd;bdd;d bra;ayhk; vd;gJ gw;wp
tFg;giwapy; fye;JiuahLf.
v=;fs; tPl;lUfpy; gwitfs; tUtjw;F Kjypy; mikjpahd R{Hiy
Vw;gLj;Jnthk;. epiwa ku=;fis tsh;g;nghk;. gwitfis md;nghLk; fUiznahLk;
ghh;g;nghk;. gwitfSf;Fj; njitahd czt[/ jhdpa=;fs;/ ePh; nghd;wtw;iw itg;nghk;.
TLfs; fl;o thGk; R{H;epiyia cUthf;Fnthk;. gwitfSf;F vg;bghGJk;
bjhe;jut[ mspf;f khl;nlhk;. gwitfSf;Fj; njitahd fdpjUk; ku=;fis tsh;j;J
mjpy; fpilf;Fk; fdpfisg; gwpf;fhky; mitfSf;nf jpd;gjw;F tpl;LtpLnthk;.
nfhilf;fhy=;fspy; mitfSf;Fj; njitahd gH=;fisf; filapy; th=;fpf;
bfhLg;nghk;.
3. gwitfs; bjhlh;ghd gHbkhHpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
1. fhf;iff;Fk; jd;F+;R bghd;F+;R.
2. cau cau gwe;jhYk; Ch;f;FUtp gUe;jhf KoahJ.
3. brhd;dijr; brhy;Ykhk; fpspg;gps;is.
4. ,yt[ fhj;j fpsp nghy
5. nfhHp kpjpr;rh F+;R rhFk;.
4. ,aw;ifiag; ghJfhf;Fk; tifapy; KHf;fj; bjhlh;g[fis vGJf.
(v.fh.) fhg;nghk; fhg;nghk;- gwitfisf; fhg;nghk;-
mHpf;fhnj- mHpf;fhnj- fhLfis mHpf;fhnj-
kPl;nghk;- kPl;nghk;- ,aw;ifia kPl;nghk;-
fhg;nghk;- fhg;nghk;- td tpy=;Ffisf; fhg;nghk;-
btl;lhnj- btl;lhnj- ku=;fis btl;lhnj-
kuk; tsh;g;nghk;- kiH bgWnthk;-
kjpg;gPL gf;fk; ? 35
I. chpa brhy;iyj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. jl;gbtg;gk; vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpf;f fpilf;Fk; brhy; _____
m) jl;gk; + btg;gk; M) jl;g + btg;gk;
,) jl; + btg;gk; <) jl;g[ + btg;gk;' tpil : m) jl;gk; + btg;gk;
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2. ntjpa[u=;fs; vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpf;ff; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _____
m) ntjp + a[u=;fs; M) ntjp + cu=;fs;
,) ntj; + cu=;fs; <) ntjp + a[u=;fs; tpil : M) ntjp + cu=;fs;
3. jiu + ,w=;Fk; vd;gijr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy;_____
m) jiuapw=;Fk; M) jiu,w=;Fk; ,) jiua[w=;Fk; <) jiua;w=;Fk;
tpil : m) jiuapw=;Fk;;
4. tHp + jlk; vd;gijr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _____
m) tHpjlk; M) tHpj;jlk; ,) tHpjplk; <) tHpj;jplk;
tpil : M) tHpj;jlk;
5. rpl;Lf;FUtp thH Koahj gFjp _____
m) JUtg;gFjp M) ,kakiy ,) ,e;jpah <) jkpH;ehL
tpil : m) JUtg;gFjp
1. kpf ePz;l bjhiyt[ gwf;Fk; gwit _____ tpil : Mh;of; Myh
2. gwitfs; tyir nghtijg; gw;wpg; ghoa jkpH;g;g[yth; _____ tpil : rj;jpKj;jg;g[yth;
3. gwitfs; ,lk;bgah;tjw;F _____ vd;W bgah; tpil : tyirnghjy;
4. ,e;jpahtpd; gwit kdpjh; _____ tpil : lhf;lh; ryPk; myp
5. gwitfs; tyir nghff; fhuz=;fSs; xd;W _____ tpil : ,dg;bgUf;fk;
III. brhw;bwhlh; mikj;J vGJf.
1. btspehL : btspehL brd;W midj;J gwitapd=;fisa[k; mwpjy; ntz;Lk;.
2. thH;ehs; : thH;ehs; KGtJk; ghujpahh; jkpHd;idf;Fr; nrit bra;J te;jhh;.
3. braw;if : braw;if cu=;fisj; jtph;j;J ,aw;if cu=;fisg; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
IV. bghUj;jkhd brhy;iyf; bfhz;L epug;g[f.
1. ku=;fis tsh;j;J ______ iaf; fhg;nghk; ______ cu=;fisj; jtph;j;J epytsk;
fhg;nghk;. (braw;if' ,aw;if) tpil : ,aw;if/ braw;if
2. tyirg; gwitfs; tUif jkpHfj;jpy; ______ jw;nghJ rpl;Lf;FUtpfs;
vz;zpf;if______ (Fiwe;Js;sJ ' kpFe;Js;sJ) tpil : kpFe;Js;sJ/ Fiwe;Js;sJ
V. FWtpdh.
1. gwitfs; vf;fhuz=;fSf;fhf ,lk; bgah;fpd;wd>
czt[/ ,Ug;gplk;/ jl;gbtg;gepiy khw;wk;/ ,dg;bgUf;fk; ,tw;wpf;fhfnt
gwitfs; ,lk; bgah;fpd;wd.
2. tyirapd;nghJ gwitapd; clypy; Vw;gLk; khw;w=;fs; ahit>
jiyapy; rpwF tsh;jy;/ ,wFfspd; epwk; khWjy;/ clypy; fw;iwahf Ko
tsh;jy; xUtifg; gwitia ntWtifg; gwit vd;W fUJk; mstpw;Ff;Tl rpy
neu=;fspy; khw;w=;fs; Vw;gLk;.
VI. rpWtpdh.
1. rpl;Lf;FUtpapd; thH;f;if gw;wpr; rpW Fwpg;g[ vGJf.
jw;nghJ btFthf mHpe;J tUk; gwitapdk; rpl;Lf;FUtpjhd;. rpl;Lf;FUtp
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TL fl;othGk; gwitapdj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ. TL fl;Lk; fhy=;fspy; rj;jkpl;Lf; bfhz;nl

,Uf;Fk;. TLfl;oa gpd; @d;W Kjy; MW Kl;ilfs; tiu ,Lk;. gjpdhd;F ehs;fs;
milfhf;Fk;. gjpide;jhk; ehspy; F+;Rfs; btsptUk;.
JUtg; gFjpfs; jtpu kdpjd; thGk; ,l=;fspy; vy;yhk; rpl;Lf;FUtpfSk;
thH;fpd;wd. ,e;jpah KGtJk; rpl;Lf;FUtpfisf; fhzyhk;. ,kakiyj; bjhlhpy;
4000 kPl;lh; cauj;jpy; Tl ,it thH;fpd;wd.
jhdpa=;fs;/ g[G g{r;rpfs;. kyh; mUk;g[fs;. ,se;jsph;fs;/ njd; nghd;wit rpl;Lf;
FUtpfspd; czthFk;. rpl;Lf;FUtpapd; F+;Rfs; bgUk;ghYk; g[G/ g{r;rpfisna
cl;bfhs;Sk; mjdhy;/ jha;f;FUtp g[G g{r;rpfisg; gpoj;Jj; jk; F+;RfSf;F Cl;otpLk;.
rpl;Lf;FUtpapd; thH;ehs; gj;J Kjy; gjpd;@d;W Mz;Lfs; MFk; rpl;Lf;FUtp
cUtj;jpy; rpwpaJ. MdhYk; ntfkhfg; gwf;Fk;.
2. tyirg; gwitfspd; gazk; gw;wp eP=;fs; mwpe;jit ahit>
gwitfs; fz;lk;tpl;Lf; fz;lk; gwf;fpd;wd. mit bgU=;fly;fisa[k;
kiyfisa[k; fle;J nghfpd;wd" Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF g[wg;gl;l ,lj;jpw;nf
te;J nrh;fpd;wd. ,t;thW gwitfs; ,lk; bgah;jiy `tyir nghjy;~ vd;gh;. ePh;thH;
gwitfns bgUk;ghYk; tyir bry;fpd;wd.
gwitfs; j=;fSf;bfd xU tHpj;jlj;ijj; njh;bjLj;J/ me;jg; ghijapnyna
gwf;fpd;wd. rpy gwit ,d=;fs; mnj ghijapy; jha;epy=;fSf;Fj; jpUk;g[fpd;wd. rpy
gwit ,d=;fs; nghtw;Fk; tUtjw;Fk; ,UntW ghijfisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
gazk; bra;a[k;nghJ rpytifg; gwitfs; ,iu/ Xa;t[ nghd;w njitfSf;fhfj;
jiu ,w=;Fk;. ,ilapy; v=;Fk; epw;fhky; gwe;J thHplk; nrUk; gwitfSk; cz;L.
tyirapd; nghJ gwitfspd; clypy; rpykhw;w=;fs; Vw;gLtJKz;L. mit jiyapy;
rpwF tsh;jy;. ,wFfspd; epwk; khWjy;. clypy; fw;iwahf Ko tsh;jy;. xUtifg;
gwitia ntWtifg; gwit vd;W fUJk; mstpw;Ff;Tl rpy neu=;fspy; khw;w=;fs;
Vw;gLk;.
VII. rpe;jid tpdh.
1. gwit ,d=;fs; mHpahky; fhg;ghw;wg;gl ehk; bra;a ntz;oait gw;wpr; rpe;jpj;J vGJf.
Mykuk;/ murkuk;/ ntg;gkuk;/ nghd;w ku=;fs; ek; tPl;lUfpy; tsh;f;f ntz;Lk;.
mt;thW tsh;j;jhy;. mk;ku=;fspd; fdpfis cz;z gy gwitfs; tUk;. gwitfSf;F
czt[k; fpilf;Fk;;. j=;f ,lKk; fpilf;Fk;.
njhl;l=;fspYk; tay;btspfspYk; braw;if cu=;fs;/ g{r;rpf;bfhy;yp kUe;Jfs;
Mfpatw;iwj; bjspg;gijj; jtph;f;f ntz;Lk;.
gy tifahd fdpfisj; jUk; ku=;fis tsh;f;f ntz;Lk;. jhdpag; gaph;fis
tsh;f;f ntz;Lk;. gwit ,d=;fis ntl;ilahLtijj; jLj;J epWj;j ntz;Lk;. FUtp
,d=;fs; TLfl;of; bfhs;Sk; tifapy; kdpjd; jd; thHplj;ij mikj;jy; ntz;Lk;.
gwitfSf;F ek;khy; Koe;jtiu bjhe;jut[ bra;ahky; md;g[ bra;a[k; gHf;fj;ij
tsh;j;Jf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. jz;zPh;/ czt[ tH=;Fk; gHf;fj;ij jpdKk; bra;jy;
ntz;Lk;. gwitapd=;fis cz;gJ jtph;f;fg;gl ntz;Lk;. gwitapd=;fSf;Fj;
bjhe;jut[ bra;ahj tifapy; kdpjd; jd; md;whl thH;it mikj;Jf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
mjpfkhd ku=;fis tsh;j;jy; ntz;Lk;. fhl;il mHpg;gijj; jtph;f;f ntz;Lk;.
kw;w caph;fSk; kdpjidg;nghy gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij czh;e;J kdpjh;fs; thHf;
fw;Wf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. gwitapd=;fs; thH Vw;w NH;epiyfis mikj;Jf;bfhLj;jy;
ntz;Lk;. ,t;thbwy;yhk; bra;jhy; gwitapd=;fs; mHpahky; fhg;ghw;wg;gLk;.
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tphpthdk; ? fpHtDk; flYk;

fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. fly; fhl;rp xd;iwg; glk; tiue;J tz;zk; jPl;Lf. mg;glj;jpw;Fg; bghUj;jkhd ehd;F
thpfSf;Fs; Fwpg;g[ vGJf.
xU khztd; fly; miyfSld; nghl;og;nghl;L me;j
miyfisj; jhz;o Kd;ndw ntz;Lk; vd;W mtdJ
kdJf;Fs; xU ,yf;if cUthf;Ffpwhd;.
me;j ,yf;F mtdJ kdjpy; xU g[jpa cw;rhfj;ija[k;
me;j miyfis jhz;oa[k; Kd;ndwp tpLntd;
vd;W mtdJ kdJf;Fs; cWjpa[k;/ jd;dk;gpf;ifa[k;
gpwf;fpwJ. mtdJ cWjpa[k; jd;dk;gpf;ifa[k; Kd;ndw
tHp tFj;J mJ kpfg;bghpa btw;wpiaj; jUfpwJ.
khztr; bry;t=;fns- ``cd; kPJ jd;dk;gpf;if ,Ue;jhy; njhy;tp cd;id beU=;f
gag;gLk;~~. ,f;fij ekf;F czh;j;JtJ xU kdpjDf;F cWjpa[ld; jd;dk;gpf;ifa[k;
nrh;e;J ,Ue;jhy; mJ btw;wpiaj; njo jUk;.
kjpg;gPL gf;fk; 42
1. fpHtDk; flYk; glf;fijia c=;fs; brhe;j eilapy; fijahff; TWf.

flYk; fly; rhh;e;j gFjpa[k; bea;jy; MFk;. ,jpy; thGk; kf;fs; kPdth;fs;.
mk;kPdth;fSf;F tw;whj bry;tkhf tps=;Fgts;; flyd;id Mths;. rhz;oahnfh taJ
Kjph;e;j kPdth; mthplk; kPd; gpof;ff; fw;Wf;bfhs;tjw;fhf kndhypd; vd;Dk; rpWtd;
te;jhd;. Kd;bgy;yhk; flYf;Fr; brd;why; kPd; ,y;yhky; jpUk;gkhl;lhh;. Mdhy; fle;j
vz;gj;J ehd;F ehs;fshf Vndh mtUf;F xU kPDk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. kndhypd; Kjy;
ehw;gJ ehs;fSk; mtUld; flYf;Fr; brd;whd;. mtd;/ mtUf;F ntz;oa cjtpfisr;
bra;jnjhL ngr;Rj;; Jizahft[k; ,Ue;jhd;. mtnuhL flYf;Fg; nghdhy; xU kPDk;
fpilg;gjpy;iy vd;W mtid ntW glfpw;F mDg;gptpl;ldh; mtdJ bgw;nwhh;
,g;nghbjy;yhk; jdpahfnt kPd;gpof;fr; bry;fpwhh; rhz;oahnfh.
md;W vz;gj;J Ie;jhtJ ehs;/ rhz;oahnfh/ vdf;F kPd;gpof;fj; bjhpahJ vd;W
kf;fs; epidf;fpd;wdh;. mij khw;wpf;fhl;l ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;Jld; flYf;Fs;
bry;fpwhh;. ,ut[ KGJk; ghLgl;Lk; kPd; xd;Wk; gpogltpy;iy. fhiya[k; te;jJ.
mth; kdjpy; xU nghuhl;lk; kPd; gpof;fhky; fiuf;Fj; jpUk;g nghtjpy;iy vd;W Kot[
bra;jhh;. ez;gfy; ntisa[k; MdJ/ mth; ,l;oUe;j J}z;oy; bkJthf mire;jJ. mth;
kdjpy; kl;lw;w kfpH;r;rp" J}z;oy; fapw;iw ,Gf;fpd;whh;. mtuhy; ,Gf;f Koatpy;iy.
Mfnt. bghpa kPd;jhd; rpf;fpa[s;sJ vd;gij czh;e;J gy nghuhl;l=;fSf;F kj;jpapy;
mij nkny ,Gj;J jhd; itj;jpUe;j <l;oahy; bfhy;fpwhh;. kPd; ,we;J tplnt mij
glfpy itf;f KoahJ vd;Wzh;e;J/ mij glnfhL nrh;j;Jf; fl;Lfpwhh;. fl;oagpwF
fiuia nehf;fp tUk; tHpapy; kPidj; jpd;Wtplntz;Lk; vd;w Mirapy; gy Rwhf;fs;
kPidr; Rw;wp tl;lkpLfpd;wJ. mijf;fz;l rhz;oahnfh Rwhit tPH;j;jp ,Wjpahff;
fiuf;F te;J glif xU fk;gj;jpy; fl;o tpl;Lg; glifa[k; kPida[k; ghh;f;fpd;whh; Rwhf;fs;
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jpd;wJ nghf kPdpd; jiy/ vYk;g[ kl;Lnk kp+;rpapUe;jJ. ftiya[ld; jd; tPl;oy;
,Ue;j rhz;oahnfhitf; fhz kndhypd; te;jhd;. jhj;jh vt;tst[ bghpa kPidg;
gpoj;jpUf;fpwha;. ,dp cd;id ahUk; gHpj;Jg;ngr KoahJ. cd; Kaw;rp btd;Wtpl;lJ.
,dp ehd; cd; Tljhd; kPd; gpof;f tUntd;. cd;dplk; epiwa fw;Wf;bfhs;s
Mirg;gLfpnwd;. vd;W kndhypd; TWtijf; nfl;lJk; rhz;oahnfhtpw;F MWjyhf
,Ue;jJ. rhz;oahnfhtpd; Kaw;rpf;F btw;wp fpl;oaJ.
2. ,f;fijapd; tHpahf eP=;fs; czh;e;jtw;iw tFg;;gpy; gfph;f.
thH;f;if vd;gJ xU nghuhl;lk; mij thH;e;Jjhd; ghh;f;fDk;. btw;wpf;F taJ
xd;Wk; jilapy;iy. rhz;oahnfh taJ Kjph;e;jtuhf ,Ue;jhYk; btw;wpbgw ntz;Lk;
vd;w nehf;fpy; vz;gj;J Ie;J ehs; tplhky; nghuho btw;wp bgWfpwhh;. kpfg; bghpa kPidg;
gpoj;J jd; Kaw;rpapd; gyid mDgtpf;fpwhh;. btw;wp bgw gy jilfs; te;jhYk;
mij cilj;bjwpe;J tpl;Lr; brd;why;jhd; nehf;fk; epiwntWk;. rKjhak; btw;wp
bgw;wth;fisna epidtpy; itf;Fk;. thH;f;if vd;gJ kyh;gLf;if my;y khwhf Ks;
gLf;if. Kjph; tajpYk; nrhh;e;J tplhky; jd; ghijapy; mth; gazpj;jjhy; jhd; mth;
kpfg;bghpa kPidg;gpof;f Koe;jJ. ,th; xU btw;wp ehafd;/ tPu ehafd;. jhd; gykpHe;J
,Ue;jhYk; Tl mij xU bghUl;lhf vz;zhky; jd; typikbay;yhk; xd;W jpul;o
me;jg; bghpa kPid tPH;j;jp btw;wpa[ld; fiuf;Fj; jpUk;g[fpwhh;. Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;
vd;gij ekf;F czh;j;jpa[s;shh;.
3. rhz;oahnfh Fwpj;J c=;fs; fUj;J ahJ>
rhz;oahnfh xU rhjid kdpjh;. ,th; Kaw;rpf;F Xh; ,yf;fzkhfj; jpfH;fpd;whh;.
jdJ Kjph; tajpYk; rhjpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; bfhz;lth; Kaw;rp xd;iwna
KG @r;rhff; bfhz;L bray;gl;lth;. njhy;tpiaf; fz;L Jtz;L tplhjth;. Koa[k;
vd;gijna jhuf ke;jpukhff; bfhz;lth;. tajpw;Fj;jhd; KJik cz;L kdjpw;F my;y
vd;w vz;zk; bfhz;L bray;gLgth;/ ,Wjpapy; btw;wpa[k; fz;lth;.
fw;fz;L ? KjbyGj;Jk; rhh;bgGj;Jk;

fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. Kjy; vGj;Jfs;/ rhh;g[ vGj;Jfs; bjhlh;igg; gw;wp tpthjpf;f.
m Kjy; xs tiu cs;s caph; vGj;Jfs; gd;dpuz;Lk;/ f; Kjy; d; tiu cs;s
bka;baGj;Jfs; gjpbdl;Lk; Mfpa Kg;gJ vGj;JfSk; Kjy; vGj;JfshFk;. ,it
rhh;g[ vGj;Jfs; njhd;Wtjw;F Kjw;fhuzkha; ,Ug;gjhy; Kjy; vGj;Jfs; vdg;gLk;.
Kjy; vGj;Jfisr; rhh;e;J ,a=;Fk; vGj;Jfs; rhh;bgGj;Jfs; vdg;gLk;.
,it/ caph;bka;/ Ma;jk;/ capusbgil/ xw;wsbgil/ Fw;wpaypfuk;/ Fw;wpaYfuk;/
Ifhuf;FWf;fk;/ xsfhuf;FWf;fk;/ kfuf;FWf;fk;/ Ma;jf;FWf;fk; vdg; gj;J tifg;gLk;.
jdpj;J ,a=;Fk; Mw;wypd;wp capbuGj;Jfs;/ bka;baGj;Jfs; Mfpatw;iwr;
rhh;e;J tUtjhy; rhh;bgGj;J vdg;gLk;.
2. Kjy; vGj;Jfs; kl;Lk; ,lk;bgWk; brhw;fis vGJf.
(v.fh.) Mk;
md;/ Mz;/ Mk;/ My;/ ,y;/ cd;/ Ch;/ CH;/ vd;/ vz;/ vs;/ Vd;/ VH;/ Vh;/ Xh;
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3. Kjy; vGj;Jfs; ,lk;bgwhj brhw;fis vGJf.
(v.fh.) FUtp
ghujp/ ftpkzp/ Rujh/ ehL/ khL/ fhL/ bro/ bfho/ tPL/ ghL. g[yp/ fuo/ ahid/
g{id/ ehp/ ghp/ fUtp/ fiy/ rpiy/ kiy/ fhiy/ khiy/ +hapW/ epyh/ bgUik/ rpWik.
kjpg;gPL gf;fk; 44
vGj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;>
vGj;Jfs; ,uz;L tifg;gLk; mit/ 1.Kjy; vGj;J/ 2.rhh;bgGj;J
1. Kjy; vGj;Jfs; vd;git ahit> mit vjdhy; mt;thW miHf;fg;gLfpd;wd>

caph; vGj;Jfs; gd;dpuz;L bka;baGj;Jfs; gjpbdl;L Mfpa Kg;gJ
vGj;JfSk; Kjy; vGj;Jfs; MFk;. gpw vGj;Jfs; njhd;Wtjw;Fk; ,a=;Ftjw;Fk;
Kjw;fhuzkhf ,it ,Uf;fpd;wd. vdnt ,tw;iw Kjy; vGj;Jfs; vd;gh;.
2. rhh;bgGj;Jfs; vj;jid> mit ahit>
rhh;bgGj;Jfs; gj;J .mit/
1. caph;bka; 2. Ma;jk; 3. capusbgil 4. xw;wsbgil
5. Fw;wpaypfuk; 6. Fw;wpaYfuk; 7. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; 8. xsfhuf;FWf;fk;
9. kfuf;FWf;fk; 10. Ma;jf;FWf;fk;
3. brhw;fspy; Ma;j vGj;J vt;thW ,lk;bgWk;>
Ma;j vGj;J jdf;FKd; xU Fwpy; vGj;ija[k; jdf;Fg;gpd; xU ty;ypd
caph;bka; vGj;ija[k; bgw;Wr; brhy;ypd; ,ilapy; kl;Lnk tUk;. jdpj;J ,a=;fhJ.
rpe;jid tpdh.
4. caph;bka;/ Ma;jk; ,it ,uz;Lk; rhh;g[ vGj;Jfshff; Twg;glf; fhuzk; jUf.
bka; vGj;JfSk; caph; vGj;JfSk; xd;Wld; xd;W nrh;tjhy; caph;bka;
vGj;Jfs; njhd;Wfpd;wd. Kjy; vGj;Jfisr; rhh;e;J tUtjhy; ,it rhh;bgGj;J
tifa[s; ml=;Fk;.
Ma;jk; jdf;FKd; xU Fwpy; vGj;ija[k; jdf;Fg;gpd; xU ty;ypd caph;bka;
vGj;ija[k; bgw;Wr; brhy;ypd; ,ilapy; kl;Lnk tUk;. jdpj;J ,a=;fhJ. Kjy;
vGj;Jfshfpa capiua[k;/ bka;iaa[k; rhh;e;J ,a=;Ftjhy; Ma;j vGj;J rhh;bgGj;J
MFk;.
thH;tpay; ? jpUf;Fws;
jpUts;Sth;
Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ :
bgah; : jpUts;Sth;
bgw;nwhh; : je;ij ? gftd;/ jha; ? Mjp
fhyk; : fp.K.31 ijj; jp=;fs; ,uz;lhk; ehs;
rpwg;g[g; bgah; : thd;g[fH; ts;Sth;/ bja;tg;g[yth;/ bgha;apy; g[yth;
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,aw;wpa E}y; : jpUf;Fws;

rpwg;g[ : vf;fhyj;Jf;Fk; bghUe;Jk; thH;f;if bewpfis tFj;Jj; je;Js;shh;.
E}y; btsp :
jpUts;Sth; ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;lth;. vf;fhyj;Jf;Fk;
bghUe;Jk; thH;f;if bewpfis tFj;Jf; Twpa[s;shh;. thd;g[fH; ts;Sth; bja;tg;g[yth;/
bgha;apy; g[yth; Kjypa gy rpwg;g[g; bgah;fs; ,tUf;F cz;L.
jpUf;Fws; mwj;Jg;ghy;/ bghUl;ghy;/ ,d;gj;Jg;ghy; vd;Dk; @d;W gphpt[fisf;
bfhz;lJ. gjpbdz; fPH;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W. jpUf;Fws; 133 mjpfhu=;fspy; 1330
Fws;gfhf;fisf; bfhzLs;sJ. ``jpUf;Fwspy; ,y;yhjJk; ,y;iy/ brhy;yhjJk; ,y;iy~~
vd;Dk; tifapy; rpwe;J tps=;FfpwJ. jpUf;FwSf;F cyfg; bghJkiw/ tha[iw thH;j;J
Kjypa gy rpwg;g[g; bgah;fs; tH=;Ffpd;wd. E}w;Wf;Fk; nkw;gl;l bkhHpfspy; jpUf;Fws;
bkhHpbgah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. kf;fSf;F kfpH;r;rp jUtJ _____
m) Cf;fkpd;ik M) mwpt[ila kf;fs;
,) td;brhy; <) rpwpa bray; tpil : M) mwpt[ila kf;fs;
2. xUth;f;F rpwe;j mzp _____
m) khiy M) fhjzp ,) ,d;brhy; <) td;brhy;
tpil : ,) ,d;brhy;
II. bghUj;jkhd brhw;fisf; bfhz;L epug;g[f.
1. ,dpa _____ ,d;dhj Twy;
fdpapUg;gf; _____ fth;e; jw;W. tpil : csthf/ fha;
2. md;gpyhh; _____ jkf;Fhpau; md;g[ilahh;
_____ chpah; gpwh;f;F. tpil : vy;yhk;/ vd;g[k;
III. eak; mwpf.
braw;fhpa bra;thh; bghpah; r[pwpah;
braw;fhpa bra;fyh jhu;
,f;Fwspy; cs;s vJif. nkhidr; brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
vJif : nkhid :
braw;fhpa ? bra;thh; braw;fhpa/ bra;thh;/ rpwpah;
braw;fhpa ? bra;fyh braw;fhpa bra;fyh
IV. gpd;tUk; bra;jpf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fws; vJ vdf; fz;lwpe;J vGJf.
2016 Mk; Mz;L upnah efhpy; khw;Wj;jpwdhspfs; xypk;gpf; nghl;o eilbgw;wJ.
mjpy; jkpH;ehl;ilr; nrh;e;j khhpag;gd; fye;Jbfhz;lhu;. cauk; jhz;Ljy; nghl;oapy;
mtu; j=;fg; gjf;fk; bgw;whh;. bra;jpahsh;fs; mtUila jhaplk; neh;fhzy; bra;jdh;.
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``vd; kfdpd; btw;wp vdf;F kpft[k; kfpH;r;rp mspf;fpwJ. mtidg; bgw;w bghGijtpl
,g;nghJ mjpfkhf kfpH;fpnwd;~~ vd;W kfpH;r;rpa[ld; Twpdhh;.
m) braw;fhpa bra;thh; bghpah; rpwpah; M) <d;w bghGjpd; bghpJtf;Fk; jd;kfidr;
braw;fhpa bra;fyh jhh; rhd;nwhd; vdf;nfl;l jha;
,) ,dpa csthf ,d;dhj Twy;
fdpapUg;gf; fha;fth;e; jw;W
tpil :
M) <d;w bghGjpd; bghpJtf;Fk; jd;kfidr;
rhd;nwhd; vdf;nfl;l jha;
V. FWtpdh.
1. capUs;s cly; vJ>
md;g[ ,Ug;gJjhd; capUs;s cly;. md;g[ ,y;yhjJ btWk; vYk;gk
[ ; njhYk;jhd;.
2. vGj;JfSf;Fj; bjhlf;fkhf miktJ vJ>
mfunk vGj;JfSf;Fj; bjhlf;fkhf mika[k;.
3. md;gpyhh;/ md;g[ilahh; bray;fs; ahit>
md;g[ ,y;yhjth; vy;yhg; bghUSk; vdf;nf vd;ghh;fs;. md;g[ cilath;fs; jk;
clk;g[k; gpwh;f;nf vd;ghh;fs;.
bkhHpia Ms;nthk;-
I. nfl;Lk; fz;Lk; mwpe;Jk; kfpH;f.
1. ,aw;if rhh;e;j ghly;fs;/ fijfs;/ ciufisf; nfl;L kfpH;f.
khztr; bry;t=;fns- ,aw;if rhh;e;j ghly;fs;/ fijfs;/ ciufisf; nfl;L kfpH;f.
2. gwitfs;/ tpy=;Ffspd; thH;f;if Kiw gw;wpa fhbzhypf; fhl;rpfisf; fz;L kfpH;f.

khztr; bry;t=;fns- gwitfs;/ tpy=;Ffspd; thH;f;if Kiw gw;wp fhbzhypf;
fhl;rpfisf; fz;L kfpH;f. gf;fk; ? 48
II. ckJ Chpd; ,aw;if tsk; gw;wpg; ngRf.
vdJ Ch; Fw;whyk;.
bjd;wy; mire;JtUk; bjd;jkpH; ehl;oy; mike;j Fw;whyk;/ kiytsk; gilj;j
gHk;bgUk; CuhFk;. mk;kiyapny nfh=;Fk; nt=;ifa[k; x=;fp tsUk;" FutKk;
Ky;iya[k; eWkzk; fkGk;" nfhykapy; njhif tphpj;jhLk;" njDz;l tz;Lfs;
jkpH;g;ghl;oirf;Fk;. ,j;jifa kiyapdpd;W tpiue;J ,w=;Fk; bts;sUtpfs; tl;lr;
Ridapny tPH;e;J ,w=;Fk; bgh=;Fk; bghGJ rpjWk; ePh;j;jptiyfs; ghyhtpnghy; gue;J
vGe;J k+;rpnahL bfh+;rpf; Fyht[k;. ntdpw; fhyj;jpy; jpUf;Fw;why kiyapy; tPRk;
bky;ypa g{=;fhw;W/ kUe;Jr;bro bfhofspd; ey=;fisf; fth;e;J tUjyhy;/ eype;j
cliyj; njw;Wk; ed;kUe;jhFk;" rypj;j cs;sj;ijj; jpUj;Jk; r+;rPtpahFk;.
eWkzk; fkGk; bghHpy;fSf;fpilna fpisf;Ff;fpis Fu=;Ffs; jhtp
tpisahLtija[k; jk; ,dj;njhL bfh+;rpf; bfhz;oUg;gija[k; fhQk;nghJ/
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`thdu=;fs; fdp bfhLj;J ke;jpbahL bfh+;Rk;~ vd;fpw Fw;whyf; Fwt+;rpj; bjhlh;

epidt[f;F tUk;.
Fw;whyj;jpd; ikag;gFjpapy; nguUtp cs;sJ. ,t;tUtpapy; ePhpd; ntfk;
mjpfkpy;yhky; xnu rPuhfg; gutyhff; bfhl;Lk;. vdnt/ ,e;j mUtpapy; kf;fs; mjpfkhf
ePuhLfpd;wdh;. Ie;jUtp Fw;why efhpd; nky;g[wk; rw;Wj; bjhiytpy; mike;Js;sJ.
XuUtp Ie;jUtpaha;g; gphpe;J ntfkha;f; bfhl;LfpwJ. vd;bza; nja;j;Jf; bfhz;L
mUtpapy; Fspj;jhy; rpiff;fha;J}s; nja;f;fhky; vz;bza;g; gir ngha;tpLk;. Fw;why
kiykPJ rpwpJ J}uk; brd;why; rz;gfhmUtp/ njdUtp Kjypatw;iwf; fz;Lfspf;fyhk;.
mJnghf/ rpw;wUtp/ giHa Fw;why mUtp/ gHj;njhl;l mUtp/ g[yp mUtp vd;Dk; mUtpfs;
kiyapy; M=;fh=;nf tHpe;J ,aw;ifapd; mHif ms;spms;spj; jUfpd;wd.
,aw;if tsKk; braw;ifaHFk; epiwe;j bjd;bghjpiff; Fw;whyk; fz;Qf;F
mHF. m=;F tpGk; mUtpfspy; ePuhLtJ clYf;F mHF. gy;ntW @ypif thridfisr;
Rke;JtUk; fhw;W ek; Rthrj;jpw;F mHF. ,j;jifa mUika[k; bgUika[k; bfhz;l
Fw;whyj;jpw;F Mz;LnjhWk; rhuy; gUtj;jpy; brd;W mUtpapy; ePuho kdtsKk; cly;
eyKk; bgWnthkhf.
III. fPH;f;fhQk; gj;jpiag; goj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf.
,ay;ghfnt njhd;wp kiwa[k; bghUs;fs;/ mtw;wpd; ,af;fk;/ mit ,a=;Fk;
,lk;/ ,a=;Fk; fhyk; midj;Jk; xd;wpize;jnj ,aw;if vd;fpnwhk;. gdpglh;e;j
ePykiyfs;/ ghoj;jphpa[k; gwitfs;/ jd;dpr;irahfr; Rw;wpj;jphpa[k; tpy=;Ffs;/ ryryf;Fk;
Xilfs;/ Mh;g;ghpj;J tPGk; mUtpfs;/ ePe;Jk; kPd;fs;/ miytPRk; mHfpa fly;/
fz;rpkpl;Lk; tpz;kPd;fs/ j=;f Xlkha;j; jtH;e;J tUk; btz;zpyh ,itbay;yhk;
,aw;if ekf;Fj; je;j ghpR.
,aw;ifapd; mHif urpj;jhy; kl;Lk; nghjhJ. me;j mHif ehk; ghJfhf;f
ntz;Lk;. ehk; ekJ njitf;fhf kiyfs;/ fhLfs;/ tpy=;Ffs;/ gwitfs; Mfpatw;iw
mHpj;J tUfpnwhk;. nkYk; epyk;/ ePh;/ fhw;W Mfpatw;iw khRgLj;jp tUfpnwhk;. mjdhy;
,aw;ifr; rkepiy khwp g[tp btg;gkakhfpwJ. g[tp btg;gkilahky; fhg;gJ ekJ flik.
,aw;ifiag; ghJfhj;jhy; ehk; ek;ika[k; ghJfhj;Jf;bfhs;s Koa[k;.
1. vjid ,aw;if vd;fpnwhk;>
,ay;ghfnt njhd;wp kiw[a[k; bghUs;fs;/ mtw;wpd; ,af;fk;/ mit ,a=;Fk;
,lk;/ ,a=;Fk; fhyk; midj;Jk; xd;wpize;jnj ,aw;if vd;fpnwhk;.
2. ,g;gj;jpapy; cs;s ,aw;ifia tUzpf;Fk; brhw;fs; ahit>
gdpglh;e;j ePykiyfs;/ ghoj;jphpa[k; gwitfs;/ jd;dpr;irahfr; Rw;wpj;jphpa[k;
tpy=;Ffs;. ryryf;Fk; Xilfs;/ Mh;g;ghpj;J tpGk; mUtpfs;. ePe;Jk; kPd;fs;. miytPRk;
mHfpa fly;/ fz;rpkpl;Lk; tpz;kPd;fs;/ j=;f Xlkha;j; jtH;e;J tUk; btz;zpyh
,itbay;yhk; ,aw;ifia tUzpf;Fk; brhw;fs;.
3. ,aw;ifia Vd; ghJfhf;f ntz;Lk;>
ehk; ekJ njitf;fhf kiyfs;/ fhLfs;/ tpy=;Ffs;/ gwitfs;/ Mfpatw;iw
mHpj;J tUfpnwhk;. nkYk; epyk;/ ePh;/ fhw;W Mfpatw;iw khRgLj;jp tUfpnwhk;. mjdhy;
,aw;ifr; rkepiy khwp g[tp btg;gkakhfpwJ. g[tp btg;gkilahky; fhg;gJ ekJ flik
,aw;ifiag; ghJfhj;jhy; ehk; ek;ika[k; ghJfhj;Jf; bfhs;s Koa[k;.
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4. gj;jpf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jiyg;g[j; jUf.
``,aw;ifapd; bfhilfs; ~~
IV. Mrphpah; Twf;nfl;L vGJf.
khkiH/ thd; rpwg;g[/ Kuy; kPd;/ tyir nghjy;/ gwit ,d=;fs;/ rhh;g[ vGj;Jfs;/
rhz;oahnfh/ njhw;fof;f KoahJ/ fhzpepyk;
khkiH ? khkiH nghw;WJk; khkiH nghw;WJk; vd epynthLk;/
NhpandhLk; kiHiaa[k; thH;j;jp jd; rpyg;gjpfhuk; ghliyj;
bjhl=;Ffpwhh; ,s=;nfhtofs;.
thd; rpwg;g[ ? ts;Sth; flt[s; thH;j;Jf;F mLj;jjhf thd;rpwg;g[ vd;Dk;
kiHapd; rpwg;igg; ghLfpwhh;.
Kuy; kPd; ? kpfr;rpwe;j fly;kPd; tiffSs; Kuy;kPDk; xd;W
tyir nghjy; ? gwitfs; j=;fs; czt[/ ,dg;bgUf;fk;/ Xa;tpw;fhf ,lk;
bgah;jiy tyir nghjy; vd;gh;.
gwit ,d=;fs; ? gwit ,d=;fs; mHpahky; fhg;ghw;wg;gl ntz;Lk;.
rhh;g[ vGj;Jfs; ? Kjy; vGj;Jfisr; rhh;e;J tUk; vGj;Jfs; rhh;bgGj;Jfs;.
mit 10 tifg;gLk;.
rhz;oahnfh ? rhz;oahnfh rhjid kdpjh"; Kaw;rpapd; ,yf;fzkhfj;
jpfH;gth;.
njhw;fof;f KoahJ ? vjida[k; njhw;fof;f KoahJ vd epidj;jhy; nrhk;gny kp+;Rk;.
fhzpepyk; ? epy msitf; Fwpf;Fk; xU brhy;ny fhzpepyk;.
bkhHpnahL tpisahL
I. jpul;Lf.
1. fly; vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; ntW brhw;fisj; jpul;Lf.
MHp/ Mh;fyp/ Ke;ePh;/ thuzk;/ bgstk;/ guit/ g[zhp vd;gdthk;.
II. bjhlh;fisg; gphpj;J ,uz;L bjhlh;fshf vGJf. gf;fk; 49
(v.fh) gy ehs;fshf kiH bga;ahjjhy; gaph;fs; thod.
tpil : gy ehs;fshf kiH bga;atpy;iy. gaph;fs; thod.
1. fgpyd; ntiy bra;jjhy; fisg;ghf ,Uf;fpwhh;.
tpil : fgpyd; ntiy bra;jhh;" fisg;ghf ,Uf;fpwhh;.
2. ,yf;fpah ,dpikahfg; ghoajhy; ghpR bgw;whs;.
tpil : ,yf;fpah ,dpikahfg; ghodhs;" ghpR bgw;whs;.
III. bghUj;jkhd brhy;iyj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. gue;J tphpe;J ,Ug;gjhy; flYf;Fg; _____ vd;W bgah; (gwit ' guit) tpil : guit
2. ,yf;fpa kd;w tpHhtpy; Kfpyd; rpwg;ghf _____ Mw;wpdhh; (ciu ' ciw) tpil : ciu
3. Kj;J jk; _____ fhuzkhf CUf;Fr; brd;whh; (gdp ' gzp) tpil : gzp
4. fiykfs; jd; tPl;Lj; njhl;lj;ijg; ghh;f;f tUkhW njhHpia _____
(miyj;jhs; ' miHj;jhs;) tpil : miHj;jhs;
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IV. bghUj;jkhd brhw;fshy; fl;l=;fis epug;g[f.

1. `g[s;~ vd;gjd; ntWbgah;. ? g w it
2. gwitfs; ,lk;bgah;jy;. ? t y ir ngh j y;

3. ruzhyak; vd;gjd; ntW bgah;. ? fh g; g f k;
V. thpir khwpa[s;s brhw;fisr; rhpahd thpirapy; mikj;J vGJf.

1. ,s=;nfhtofs; fhg;gpaj;ij vd;Dk; ,aw;wpath; rpyg;gjpfhuk;
tpil : rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;Dk; fhg;gpaj;ij ,aw;wpth; ,s=;nfhtofs;
2. kdpjd; cyfpy; ,y;yhj gwit thH KoahJ
tpil : gwit ,y;yhj cyfpy; kdpjd; thH KoahJ.
3. kpfg;bghpa rhz;oahnfh kPidg; gpoj;jhh;.
tpil : rhz;oahnfh kpfg;bghpa kPidg; gpoj;jhh;
4. kdpjh; ,e;jpahtpd; lhf;lh; ryPk; myp gwit
tpil : ,e;jpahtpd; gwit kdpjh; lhf;lh; ryPk; myp
VI. fl;l=;fspy; rpy brhw;fs; kiwe;Js;sd. Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L mtw;iwf; fz;Lgpoj;J
vGJf.
K j; j kp H; fh
g; ig dp nk k zp
g y; ep y t[ ep
J l iy u; g y
iy f nk zp k k;
br =; fh y; eh iu
1. ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpa=;fspy; xd;W _____ tpil : kzpnkfiy

2. KjbyGj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if _____ tpil : Kg;gJ
3. jp=;fs; vd;gjd; bghUs; _____ tpil : epyt[
4. rj;jpKj;jg; g[ytuhy; ghlg;gl;l gwit _____ tpil : br=;fhy;ehiu
5. ghujpahh; _____ ntz;Lk; vd;W ghLfpwhh;. tpil : fhzpepyk;
6. Ma;j vGj;jpd; ntW bgah; _____ tpil : jdpepiy
VII. Ma;e;jwpf. gf;fk; 50
1. bgUfptUk; kf;fspd; njitf;fhf ,aw;ifia mHpg;gJ rhpah> ,aw;ifiar; Ruz;lhky;/
kf;fspd; njitfis epiwntw;w khw;W tHpfs; cz;lh>
bgUfptUk; kf;fspd; njitf;fhf ,aw;ifia mHpg;gJ jtW.
,aw;ifiar; Ruz;lhky; kf;fspd; njitfis epiwntw;w khw;W tHpfs; cz;L.
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khw;WtHpfs; :
fhl;il mHpg;gijj; jtph;j;jy; :
kf;fs; jkJ mwpahikahYk; bghUshirahYk; fhLfis mHpf;fpd;wdh;. tPL
fl;lt[k;/ bjhHpw;rhiyfs; mikf;ft[k;/ tpwfpw;fhft[k; kf;fs; fhLfis mHpf;fpd;wdh;.
td=;fs; mHpf;fg;gLtjhy; kiHtsk; FiwfpwJ. ehl;oy; btg;gKk; twl;rpa[k;
jhz;ltkhLfpd;wd. fhl;L tpy=;fpd=;fs; mHpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kz;zhpg;g[k;/ NH;epiy
mikg;gpy; khw;wKk; Vw;gLfpd;wd. fhLtsk; RU=;fpdhy; ehl;Ltsk; RU=;Fk;.
fhl;Ltsj;ij mHpf;fhky; ,Uf;f tPl;Lf;bfhU kuk; tsh;g;nghk;. tPl;L kuj;jpd; tHpahf
ekJ njitia epiwntw;wpf;bfhs;syhk;.
tpwfpw;fhff; fhLfis mHpg;gijj; jtph;j;J Nhpa rf;jpia vhpg;gjw;Fg;
gad;gLj;jyhk;. Nhpa Mw;wy; tw;whj Mw;wyhFk;. mt;thW gad;gLj;jpdhy; fhL
mHptpdpd;W kPSk;. td tpy=;FfSk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.
fdpk tsj;ijj; njitf;nfw;g gad;gLj;Jjy; :
mjpfkhd fdpk tsj;ijr; Ruz;lhky; njitf;nfw;g gad;gLj;jpdhy;
kz;tsk; ghJf;fhf;fg;gLk;. fdpkj;ij njhz;o vLj;jg;gpwF/ vLj;j epyj;ij mg;gona
tpl;Ltplhky; mij Kiwahfg; gz;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. mg;go bra;jhy; kz;tsk; mjpfk;
ghjpf;fg;glhJ.
bgl;nuhy;/ Ory;/ kz;bzz;izf;Fg; gjpyhft[k;/ epyf;fhpf;Fg; gjpyhft[k;
Nhpa rj;jpiag; gad;gLj;jhyk;. jdpj;jdp thfdj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf bghJ thfdj;ijg;
gad;gLj;jyhk;.
fHp[t[fisf; Fiwj;jy; :
kdpjh;fs; Mirapd; fhuzkhf mjpfkhd bghUl;fis th=;fp Ftpf;fpd;wdh;
Mdhy;/ mJ gad;ghL ,y;yhky; rpy ehl;fspy; gadw;Wg; nghfpd;wJ.
mJ fHpthf khwp epyj;ijf; bfLf;fpwJ. Mfnt/ kdpjh;fs; j=;fspd;
njitf;nfw;g bghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;j gHfpf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. Miriaf;
Fiwj;Jf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
el;g[ld; thH ntz;Lk; :
gpw ehLfSld; el;g[wt[ itj;Jf;bfhz;lhy; nghUf;F m=;nf tha;g;gpy;iy
mjdhy;/ mQFz;L nrhjid njitapy;iy. epyKk;/ fhw;Wk; ghHhf tha;g;g[kpy;iy.
kdpjd; ,y;yhky; ,aw;ifahy; thHKoa[k; Mdhy; ,aw;if ,y;yhky;
kdpjdhy; thHKoahJ vd;gij czh;e;J kdpjd; bray;gl;lhy; Ruz;liyj;
jtph;f;fyhk;.
VIII. ftpij gilf;f.
1. fPnH fhzg;gLk; kiH gw;wpa ftpijiar; brhe;jj; bjhlh;fshy; epug;g[f.
thdpy; ,Ue;J te;jpLk;
kdjpy; kfpH;r;rp je;jpLk;
vd;Wk; ,sik rpe;jpLk;
vy;yh kzKk; epiwe;jpLk;
v=;Fk; tsik bghHpe;jpLk;
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epw;f mjw;Fj; jf...

vd; bghWg;g[fs;...
m. Rw;Wg;g[wj;ijj; J}a;ikahf itj;Jf; bfhs;ntd;.
* tFg;giwapy; Fg;igfis mfw;Wntd;.
* kl;Fk; Fg;ig/ kl;fhj Fg;igfis juk; gphpj;J Fg;igj; bjhl;oapy; nghLntd;.
* fHptiwf;Fr; brd;W jpUk;g tUk;nghJ iffis nrhg;gpdhy; fGt[ntd;.
* njitaw;w bghUs;fis clnd mg;g[wg;gLj;Jntd;.
* fHpt[ ePh; nj=;fhky; clnd mfw;wpLntd;.
M. ,aw;ifiag; ghJfhg;ngd;
* ku=;fis el;L guhkhpg;ngd;
* gs;sp kw;Wk; tPLfspy; epw;Fk; ku=;fSf;F ePh; Cw;Wntd;.
* bjUnthuk; epw;Fk; ku=;fSf;Fk; ePh; Cw;Wntd;/* FoePiu tPzhf;f khl;nld;.
* ku=;fspy; Mzp mof;f khl;nld;. * kpd;rhuj;ij rpf;fdkhf gad;gLj;Jntd;.
* vhpbghUis tPzhf;f khl;nld;.
* MWfs;/ tha;fhy;fs;/ Fs=;fspy; glh;e;Js;s mkiyr; brofis mg;g[wg;gLj;Jntd;.
* bgw;nwhhplk; thfdg; g[ifiaf; Fiwf;fr; brhy;ntd;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
I. rup[ahd tpiliaj; nju;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. `brd;dp~ vd;gJ _____ f; Fwpf;Fk; bgah;
m) rhSf;fpaid M) nruid ,) nrhHid <) ghz;oaid
tpil : ,) nrhHid;;
2. Kj;Jr;Rlh; vd;gJ ,=;F _____ f; Fwpf;fpwJ.
m) fly; Kj;ij M) epyhit ,) epyhxspia <) khspifia
tpil : ,) epyhxspia
3. rpl;Lf; FUtp thH Koahj gFjp;
m) JUtg; gFjp M) ,kakiy ,) ,e;jpah <) jkpH;ehL
tpil : m) JUtg; gFjp;;
4. ehuha; ehuha; vdj; bjhl=;Fk; ghliy vGjpath;
m) fgpyh; M) rj;jpKj;jg; g[yth;
,) gof;fhRg;g[yth; <) xsitahh; tpil : M) rj;jpKj;jg; g[yth;
5. ____ ,y;iybad;why; caph;fisg; grp Jd;g[Wj;Jk;.
m) g{kp M) fhw;W ,) beUg;g[ <) kiH
tpil : <) kiH
1. bjhy;fhg;gpak; caph;fis _____ tifahf Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. tpil : MW
2. _____ gwitfns bgUk;ghYk; tyir nghfpd;wd. tpil : ePh;thH;
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3. _____ kd;duhy; ghujp vd;Dk; gl;lk; ghujpf;F tH=;fg;gl;lJ. tpil : vl;lag[u

4. rpl;Lf;FUtp _____ ehs;fs; milfhf;Fk;. tpil : gjpdhd;F
5. lhf;lh; ryPk; mypapd; jd;tuyhw;W E}Yf;Fg; bgah; _____
tpil : rpl;Lf; FUtpapd; tPH;r;rp
6. ‘md;g[‘ cs;sth;fs; jk; _____ gpwh;f;nf vd;gh;. tpil : clk;g[k;
7. xUth;f;Fr; rpwe;j mzp _____ tpil : ,d;brhy;
III. bghUj;Jf. (tpila[ld;)

Fil ? jp=;fs;/
rf;fuk; ? +hapW/
mUs; ? kiH
IV. tpdhf;fs; :
1. jpUf;FwSf;F ciu bra;jth;fs; ahth;>
jpUf;FwSf;Fg; gj;J ngh; ciu bra;Js;sdh;. mth;fs; 1. jUkh;/ 2.kzf;Flth;/
3. jhkj;jh;/ 4. er;rh; 5.ghpjp/ 6.ghpnkyHfh;/ 7.jpUkiyah;/ 8. ky;yh;/ 9. ghpg;bgUkhs;/
10. fhsp=;fh; ,th;fSs; ghpnkyHfh; ciuna rpwe;jJ vd;gh;.
2. ts;StUf;F tH=;Fk; ntWbgah;fs; ahit>
ehadhh;/ njth;/ Kjw;ghtyh;/ bja;tg;g[yth;/ ehd;Kfdhh;/ khjhDg=;fp/
bre;ehg;nghjhh;/ bgUehtyh; vd;gdthk;.
3. kiHapd; jd;ik vj;jifaJ>
kiH chpafhyj;jpy; bga;ahJ nghdhy; cyfj;J caph;fisbay;yhk; grp
Jd;g[Wj;Jk;. chpa fhyj;jpy; bga;ahJ bfLg;gJk; kiHjhd; chpa fhyj;jpy; bga;J
fhg;gJk; kiHjhd;.
4. bgw;nwhh;fSf;F kfpH;r;rp vJ>
jk;iktplj; jk; gps;isfs; mwpt[ilnahh; vd;why; bgw;nwhh;fSf;F mJjhd;
kfpH;r;rp.
5. md;gpd; jd;ik vj;jifaJ>
md;g[ ,y;yhjth; vy;yhg; bghUSk; vdf;nf vd;ghh;fs;. md;g[ cilath;fs;
jk; clk;g[k; gpwh;f;nf vd;ghh;fs;. md;g[ ,Ug;gJjhd; capUs;s cly;/ md;g[ ,y;yhjJ
btWk; vYk;g[k; njhYk; jhd;.
6. vGj;JfSf;Fj; bjhlf;fk; vJ> cyfpw;Fj; bjhlf;fk; ahh;>
mfunk vGj;JfSf;Fj; bjhlf;fk;. Mjp gftnd cyFf;Fj; bjhlf;fk;.
7. bghpnahh;/ rp[wpnahh; ahh;>
Koahj braiya[k; Koj;Jf; fhl;Lgth; bghpnahh;/ KoahJ vd;gth; rpwpnahh;.
8. jha; vg;nghJ bgUkfpH;r;rp milths;>
jd; gps;isapd; g[fiHf; nfl;l jha; bgw;bwLj;jnghJ mile;j kfpH;r;rpia
tpl bgUkfpH;r;rp milths;.
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khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
,ay; ,uz;L
neuk; : 40 epkpl=;fs; jkpH; kjpg;bgz; : 20
m. bghUs; jUf.
1. bfh=;F ? 2. fhzp ?
M. gphpj;J vGJf.
3. bghw;nfhl;L ? 4. epyj;jpdpilna ?
,. nrh;j;J vGJf.
5. bfh=;F + myh; ? 6. epyh + xsp ?
7. rpj;jk; vd;gjd; bghUs; _____.
8. xUth;f;Fr; rpwe;j mzp _____.
c. bghUj;Jf.
9. Kj;Jr;Rlh;nghy ? khl=;fs;
10. J}a epwj;jpy; ? epyhbthsp
II. vitbaDk; Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f. 3x2=6
11. rpyg;gjpfhuf; fhg;gpak; vt;btt;tw;iw thH;j;jpj; bjhl=;FfpwJ>
12. fhzp epyk; ghlypy; ghujpahh; ntz;Ltd ahit>
13. tyirapd;nghJ gwitapd; clypy; Vw;gLk; khw;w=;fs; ahit>
14. rpl;Lf;FUtpapd; thH;f;if gw;wpr; rpW Fwpg;g[ vGJf.
III. mogpwHhky; vGJf. 2x2=4
15. `md;gpd;~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; jpUf;Fwis vGJf.
16. `jha;~ vd Koa[k; jpUf;Fwis vGJf.

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ftpijg;ngiH
,ay; mwptpay; Mj;jpR{o
@d;W ?bey;iy R.Kj;J
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
,ad;wtiu ? Koe;jtiu/ xUkpj;J ? xd;Wgl;L/ xsljk; ? kUe;J
E}y; btsp :
jk;ik xj;j miyePsj;jpy; rpe;jpg;gth; vd;W nkjF mg;Jy;fyhk; mth;fshy;
guhl;lg; bgw;wth; bey;iy R.Kj;J. ,th; mwptpay; mwp+h; kw;Wk; ftp+h;. tpf;uk;
rhuhgha; tpz;btsp ikak;/ rjP&;jthd; tpz;btsp ikak;/ ,e;jpa tpz;btsp ikak; Mfpa
epWtd=;fspy; gzpahw;wpath; mwptpay; ftpijfs;/ fl;Liufs; gytw;iwg; gilj;Js;shh;.
vz;gJf;Fk; nkw;gl;l E}y;fis btspapl;Ls;shh;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. `mwptpay; Mj;jpr;R{o~ gFjpapy; c=;fSf;Fg; gpoj;j moia vGjp mjd; fhuzj;ijf; TWf.
`Xa;tw ciH~
,t;tona vdf;Fg; gpoj;jJ. Vbdd;why; ciHg;gpy;yh kdpjd; capuw;w
clYf;Fr; rkk;. Xuwpt[ caph; Kjy; Mwwpt[ila kdpjh; tiu ciHf;fpd;wdh;. xUtd;
vj;Jiwapy; btw;wp bgw ntz;LkhdhYk; Kjypy; ciHj;jy; ntz;Lk;. ciHg;ng
thH;tpd; cah;t[f;Fk; rpwg;g[f;Fk; mog;gil. fod ciHg;gpw;F <L ,iz vJt[kpy;iy.
2. mwptpay; rpj;jidiaj; J}z;Lk; KHf;fj; bjhlh;fs; Ie;J cUthf;Ff.
(v.fh/) mwptpaiy tsh;g;nghk;-
cyif bty;nthk;-
1. fzpdpia cUthf;Fnthk;- 3. braw;iff;nfhisg; gilg;nghk;-
fhyj;ij bty;nthk;- cyfpy; brk;khh;e;J elg;nghk;-
2. mQitg; gpsg;nghk;- 4. ,izaj;jpy; ,iznthk;-
mQrf;jpiag; bgWnthk;- ,ja=;fis ,izg;nghk;-
5. mwptpaypy; ,iznthk;-
mfpyj;ij kPl;nghk;-
kjpg;gPL
1. cly; neha;f;F _____ njit.
m) xsljk; M) ,dpg;g[ ,) czt[ <) cil tpil : m) xsljk;
2. ez;gh;fSld;_____ tpisahL.
m) xUkpjJ; M) khWgl;L[ ,) jdpjJ; [ <) gifj;J tpil : m) xUkpj;J
3. fz;lwp vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____.
m) fz; + mwp M) fz;L + mwp ,) fz;l + mwp <) fz; + lwp
tpil : M) fz;L + mwp
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4. Xa;tw vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____. gf;fk; ? 54
m) Xa;t[ + mw M) Xa; + mw ,) Xa; + tw <) Xa;t[ + tw
tpil : m) Xa;t[ + mw
5. Vd; + vd;W vd;gjidr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____.
m) Vd;vd;W M) Vbdd;W ,) Vd;bdd;W <) Vdd;W
tpil : M) Vbdd;W
6. xsljk; + Mk; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____.
m) xsljkhk; M) xsljk;Mk; ,) xsljhk; <) xsljMk;
tpil : m) xsljkhk;
II. vjph;r;brhw;fis bghUj;Jf. (tpila[ld;)
1. m) mQF × tpyF M) Iak; × bjspt[
,) Cf;fk; × nrhh;t[ <) cz;ik × bgha;ik
III. ghly; thpfSf;nfw;wthW Kiwg;gLj;Jf.
1. rpe;jid bfhs; mwptpay; tpil : mwptpay; rpe;jid bfhs;
2. brhy; bjspe;J Iak; tpil : Iak; bjspe;J brhy;
3. nfs; Vd; vd;W tpil : Vd; vd;W nfs;
4. bty;Yk; vd;Wk; mwptpany tpil : vd;Wk; mwptpany bty;Yk;
IV. FWtpdh.
1. kdpjh;fSf;F kUe;jhf tps=;FtJ vJ>
kdpjh;fSf;F kUe;jhf miktJ mtuth; mDgt=;fns.
V. rpWtpdh.
1. ghlypd; fUj;ij c=;fs; brhe;j eilapy; vGJf.
khzth;fs;/ mwptpaypy; ehl;lk; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. fhuz fhhpa=;fis
mwpa Ma;tpy; @H;Fjy; ntz;Lk;. mwptpay; khw;w=;fisa[k;/ cz;ikfisa[k;
g[hpe;Jbfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ve;jbthU braiya[k; <Lghl;Lld; bra;a ntz;Lk;.
mwptpd; Jizbfhz;L mwptpay; cz;ikiaf; fz;lwpa ntz;Lk;. ehk; vLf;fpd;w
Kaw;rpfs; fl;lhak; xU ehs; btw;wpiaj; jUk;. ,t;t[yfpy; mwptpany vd;Wk; btd;W
epw;Fk;. bjspt[gLj;jpf;bfhs;s Vd; vd;W nfl;ly; ntz;Lk;. gpwUf;Fr; brhy;Yk;nghJ
bjspthfr; brhy;y ntz;Lk;. el;g[ld; bray;gl ntz;Lk;. vLj;j Kaw;rpapy; btw;wp
bgWk;tiu mauhJ ciHj;jy; ntz;Lk;. mDgtnk ekf;F mUkUe;J.
VI. rpe;jid tpdh.
1. c=;fSf;Fj; bjhpe;j kUj;Jt Kiwfs; ahit>
rpj;j kUj;Jtk;/ ,aw;if kUj;Jtk;/ Ma[h;ntj kUj;Jtk;/ a[dhdp kUj;Jtk;/
bua;fp kUj;Jtk;/ th;k kUj;Jtk;/ mnyhgjp kUj;Jtk;/ Xkpnahgjp kUj;Jtk;/ fhe;j
kUj;Jtk;/ mf;F g+;rh; kUj;Jtk;/ mf;F gpu&h; kUj;Jtk;. ehl;L kUj;Jtk;/ krh$;
kUj;Jtk;/ @ypif kUj;Jtk;. etkzp kUj;Jtk;/ rphpg;g[ kUj;Jtk;/ cstpay; kUj;Jtk;.
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ftpijg;ngiH ? mwptpayhy; Ms;nthk;

fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. mwptpayhy; Ms;nthk; ftpijia chpa Xira[ld; gof;f.
khztr; bry;t=;fns- mwptpayhy; Ms;nthk; ftpijia chpa Xira[ld;
goj;J kfpH;f.
2. c=;;fisf; fth;e;j mwptpay; rhjd=;fs; ehd;fpid vGJf.
1. fzpdp/ 2. bjhiyf;fhl;rp/ 3. miyngrp/ 4. Fsph;rhjdg;bgl;o/ 5. kpd; tpsf;F.
3. `miyngrpahy; ed;ikna~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; tFg;gpy; fye;Jiuahly; bra;f.
mwptpay; fz;Lgpog;g[fspny kpft[k; kfj;jhd xd;whf tps=;FtJ miyngrp
vd;why; mJ kpifad;W. ,jidr; bry;Ykplbky;yhk; vLj;Jr; bry;Ykstpw;F kpfr;rpwpa
mstpy; totikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,f;fUtp @yk; ek;nkhL ngRgthpd; bgaiua[k;
miyngrp vz;iza[k; mwpa Kofpd;wJ. nkYk; ngRgthpd; cUtj;ijg; ghh;f;Fk;
trjpa[k; ,f;fUtpapy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Kd;bgy;yhk; jftiyg; gfph;e;J bfhs;tjw;F gy ehl;fs; MFk;. Mdhy;/
,d;nwh miyngrpapd; tHpahf clDf;Fld; gfph;e;J bfhs;syhk;. ek;nkhL vLj;Jr;
bry;tjhy; VjhtJ ,f;fl;lhd NH;epiyapy; Tl jftiyg; gfpu Koa[k;/ tpgj;Jf;
fhy=;fspy; tpiuthfr; bray;gl miyngrp cjt[fpwJ. ehk; fhQk; ,aw;if mHif
kw;wth;fSf;Fk; fhzr; bra;tjw;F miyngrpapy; cs;s g[ifg;glf; fUtp gad;gLfpwJ.
kjpg;gPL
1. mtd; vg;nghJk; cz;ikiana _____
m) ciuf;fpd;whd; M) ciHf;fpd;whd;
,) ciwfpd;whd; <) ciufpd;whd; tpil : m) ciuf;fpd;whd;
2. MHf;fly; vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____
m) MHkhd + fly; M) MH; + fly;
,) MH + fly; <) MHk; + fly; tpil : <) MHk; + fly;
3. tpz;btsp vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____
m) tpz;+ tsp M) tpz;+ btsp ,) tPz;+ xsp <) tpz; + bthsp
tpil : M) tpz; + btsp
4. ePyk; + thd; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____
m) ePyk;thd; M) ePsk;thd; ,) ePythd; <) ePyt;thd;
tpil : ,) ePythd;
5. ,y;yhJ + ,a=;Fk;; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ____
m) ,y;yhJ,a=;Fk; M) ,y;yh,a=;Fk;
,) ,y;yhjpa=;Fk; <) ,y;yjpa=;Fk; tpil : ,) ,y;yhjpa=;Fk;
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II. eak; mwpf.
1. ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s nkhidr; brhw;fis vGJf.
MH ? Ma;t[fs; ePy ? epytpy; vYk;g[k; ? ve;jpu
braw;if ? bra;jp cWg;ig ? clYk; mQit ? midj;Jk;
ehis ? efuk; ntis ? tpz;btsp
2. ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s vJifr; brhw;fis vGJf.

ePy ? epytpy; braw;if ? bra;jp mQit ? midj;J
3. ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s ,iag[r; brhw;fis vGJf.

ghh;f;fpd;whd; epidf;fpd;whd; rpwf;fpd;whd ciuf;fpd;whd;
gilf;fpd;whd; bfhLf;fpd;whd; fhf;fpd;whd; ghh;f;fpd;whd;
thH;e;jpLthd; mikj;;jpLthd;
III. rpWtpdh.
1. braw;iff;nfhs; vtw;Wf;F vy;yhk; gad;gLfpwJ>
bra;jpj; bjhlh;gpy; rpwe;J tps=;Ftjw;Fk;/ ,aw;if ts=;fisa[k; g[ay;/ kiH
Mfpatw;iwf; fz;lwpe;J Twt[k; braw;iff;nfhs; gad;gLfpwJ.
2. ehisa kdpjdpd; thH;t[ vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;>
ehisa kdpjndh tpz;zpYs;s nfhs;fspy; vy;yhk; efu=;fs; mikj;J thH;e;jpLthd;.
m=;F brd;Wtu tpz;btspapYk; ghij mikj;jpLthd;.
IV. rpe;jid tpdh.
1. vtw;Wf;Fg; g[jpa fz;Lgpog;g[fs; njit vd;gJ gw;wpr; rpe;jpj;J vGJf.
MH;fliyg; gw;wpa Ma;tpw;Fk;/ nfhs;fs; gw;wpa Muha;r;rpfSf;Fk;/ ,aw;ifapy; Vw;gLk;
khw;w=;fisf; fz;lwptjw;Fk;/ ,aw;ifapy; brwpe;Js;s ts=;fisf; fz;Lbfhs;tjw;Fk;/ kdpjd;
bra;fpd;w ntiyfis mtDf;F <lhfr; bra;J Kog;gjw;Fk;/ cyifna jk; fl;Lg;ghl;oy;
itj;Jf;bfhs;stjw;Fk;. ,izaj;jpy; ,ize;jplt[k;/ vspjhd mWitrpfpr;ir bra;tjw;Fk;/
kdpjdpd; thH;ehisg; bgUf;Ftjw;Fk;/ mQrf;jpiag; bgUtjw;Fk;/ ntw;Wf;nfhs;fSf;Fr;
bry;tjw;Fk;/ tpz;btsp gw;wpa Ma;tpw;Fk;/ tptrhaj;ijg; bgUf;Ftjw;Fk; bghUshjhuj;ij
cah;j;Jtjw;Fk;/ ,aw;ifia mHptpdpd;wp fhg;gjw;Fk; g[jpa fz;Lgpog;g[fs; njit.
2. ,Jtiu vj;jid nfhs;fs; fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;L;s;sd> mit ahit>
,Jtiu xd;gJ nfhs;fs; fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mit/ g[jd;/ bts;sp/ g{kp/
brt;tha;/ tpahHd;/ rdp/ a[nud!;/ beg;oa{d;/ g[Al;nlh
3. ,e;jpah mz;ikapy; epyt[f;F mDg;gpa braw;ifnfhs; ahJ>
,e;jpah mz;ikapy; epyt[f;F mDg;gpa braw;iff;nfhs; re;jpuhad; MFk;.
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ciueil cyfk; ? fzpadpd; ez;gd;

fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. c=;fis xU ve;jpukdpjdhff; fw;gid bra;Jbfhz;L ez;gh;fSld; ciuahLf.
ve;jpu kdpjd; : tzf;fk; ez;gh;fns- ehd; jhd; ve;jpu kdpjd;
gyuhkd; : vd;dJ eP ve;jpu kdpjdh>
ve;jpu kdpjd; : Mk;. ehd; jhd; ve;jpu kdpjd; tpkhdpaw;w cst[ tpkhdj;jpYk;/ kw;w fpuf=;fspy;
jiuapy; ,w=;fp jfty; nrfhpf;ft[k; gad;gLfpnwd;.
fgpyd; : cd;id itj;Jjhd; ve;jpud;/ 2.0 nghd;w gl=;fs; vy;yhk; vLf;fpwhh;fsh>
ve;jpu kdpjd; : mJ vy;yhk; giHait. ,g;nghJ ehd; gy yl;rk; iky;fSf;F mg;ghy;
cs;s ntw;Wf; fpuf kdpjh;fisf; Fwpj;J jfty; nrfhpj;J mDg;g[fpnwd;.
c=;fs; kdjpy; epidj;jij braw;gLj;jt[k; vd;dhy; Koa[k;. ehd; cyif
Kg;ghpkhzj;jpy; ghh;f;ft[k; jpwik bgw;wtd;. kpfg;bghpa bjhHpw;rhiyfspy;/
mjpf btg;gkhd ,l=;fspy; vd;Dila gad;ghL mjpfk;.
Kj;Jtot[ : jw;nghJ cd; bray;ghL nghd;w eldk; (Robotics) gpugykhfp tUfpwnj.
ve;jpu kdpjd; : Mk;- gpugykhfp tUfpwJ. mJkl;Lk; ,y;yhky; kdpjh;fs; j=;fisg; nghd;w/
j=;fisa[k; jhz;o Mgj;jhd ntiyfs; bra;a v=;fis cUthf;Ffpwhh;fs;.
bgUk;ghYk; nghh; Fwpj;j bray;ghLfspy; jhd;; v=;fis mjpfkhf
gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;.
kiyaurd; : bghJthf eP kdpjd; ,Lk; fl;lisfis epiwntw;Wgtd; jhnd-
ve;jpu kdpjd; : ,g;nghJ ehd; c=;fsplk; ciuahlt[k; tpthj=;fspy; g=;nfw;ft[k; jahuhfp
tpl;nld;. c=;fspd; tHpfhl;Ljy; ,y;yhky; ehnd rpe;jpj;J ,a=;Fk; mst[f;F
jauhfp tUfpnwd;.
bry;tp : mwptpay; tp+;+hd bjhHpy;El;g tsh;r;rpapy; cd;Dila g=;fspg;g[
njitjhd;. tptrha mWtilg; gzpfspy; nky;ehl;oy; cd; g=;fspg;g[ mjpfk;.
vk; nghd;w kdpj tsk; kpf;f ehl;oy; cd; g=;fspg;gpw;fhd njit jw;nghijf;F
kpff; Fiwnt.
ed;wp.
kjpg;gPL gf;fk; 62
I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. El;gkhfr; rpe;jpj;J mwptJ
m) E}ywpt[ M) Ez;zwpt[ ,) rpw;wwpt[ <) gl;lwpt[
tpil : M) Ez;zwpt[
2. jhnd ,a=;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; _____
m) fzpdp M) jhdpa=;fp[ ,) miyngrp[ <) bjhiyf;fhl;rp
tpil : M) jhdpa=;fp
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3. epd;wpUe;j vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____
m) epd; + wpUe;j M) epd;W+,Ue;j ,) epd;wp + ,Ue;j <) epd;wp + Ue;j
tpil : M) epd;W + ,Ue;j
4. mt;t[Utk; vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____
m) mt;t[ + t[Utk;M) m + cUtk; ,) mt; + t[Utk; <) mt[ + Utk;
tpil :M) m + cUtk;
5. kUj;Jtk; + Jiw vd;gijr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____
m) kUj;Jtk;Jiw M) kUj;JtJiw ,) kUe;JJiw <) kUj;Jtj;Jiw
tpil : <) kUj;Jtj;Jiw
6. bray; + ,Hf;f vd;gjidr; nrh;j;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _____
m) braypHf;f M) bray;,Gf;f ,) bra,Hf;f <) braypyf;f
tpil : m) braypHf;f
7. ePf;Fjy; vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; vjph;r;brhy; _____
m) nghf;Fjy; M) js;Sjy; ,) mHpj;jy; <) nrh;j;jy;
tpil : <) nrh;j;jy;
8. vspJ vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; vjph;r;brhy; _____
m) mhpJ M) rpwpJ ,) bghpJ <) twpJ
tpil : m) mhpJ
1. kdpjd; jd; ntiyfis vspjhf;ff; fz;Lgpoj;jit _____.
tpil : ve;jpu=;fs;
2. jhdpa=;fpfSf;Fk;. ve;jpukdpjh;fSf;Fk; ,ilna cs;s Kf;fpa ntWghL _____.
tpil : braw;if Ez;zwpt[
3. cyf rJu=;f tPuiu btw;wpbfhz;l kPj;jpwd; fzpdpapd; bgah; _____.
tpil : Og; g[A (Deep blue)
4. `nrhgpah~ nuhnght[f;Ff; Foa[hpik tH=;fpa ehL _____.
tpil : rt[jp mnugpah
III. brhw;fisj; bjhlhpy; mikj;J vGJf.
1. bjhHpw;rhiy :
tpil : bjhHpw;rhiyfspd; bgUf;fj;jhy; ek; ehl;od; bghUshjhuk; tsh;e;jJ.
2. cw;gj;jp :
tpil : cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gLfpd;w midj;Jg; bghUl;fSk; jukpf;fjhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
3. Ma;t[ :
tpil : Ma;t[fs; midj;Jk; kdpjdpd; mwptpay; rpj;jidiaj; J}z;Ltjhf mika
ntz;Lk;.
4. braw;if :
tpil : braw;if thH;itj; Jwe;J kdpjd; ,aw;ifnahL thHf;fw;Wf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
5. Ez;zwpt[ :
tpil : Ez;zwpt[ vd;gJ El;gkhfr; rpe;jpj;J mwptjhFk;.
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IV. FWtpdh.
1. nuhngh vd;Dk; brhy; vt;thW cUthdJ>
fhuy; fbgf; vd;gth; `brf;~ ehl;ilr; nrh;e;j ehlf Mrphpah;. ,th; 1920 Mk;
Mz;L ehlfk; xd;iw vGjpdhh;. mjpy; ``nuhngh~~ vd;Dk; brhy;iy Kjd; Kjyhfg;
gad;gLj;jpdhh;. nuhngh vd;w brhy;Yf;F `moik~ vd;gJ bghUs;. xU bjhHpw;rhiyapy;
nuhnghf;fs; ntiy bra;tjhf me;j ehlfj;jpy; fhl;rpfis mikj;jpUe;jhh;. ,t;thW
nuhngh vd;Dk; brhy; tHf;fj;jpw;F te;jJ.
2. Òg; g[s{~ ? kPj;jpwd; fzpdp gw;wp vGJf.
1997 ? Mk; Mz;L nk khjk; rJu=;fg; nghl;o xd;W eilbgw;wJ. mjpy;
cyfr; rJu=;f btw;wpahsh; nfhp nf!;g[nuht; vd;gth; fye;J bfhz;lhh;. I.gp.vk;. vd;Dk;
epWtdk; cUthf;fpa Og; g[s{ vd;Dk; kPj;jpwd; fzpdp mtUld; nghl;oapl;lJ.
nghl;oapd; Kotpy; Og; g[s{nt btw;wp thif NoaJ.
V. rpWtpdh.
1. ve;jpukdpjdpd; gad;fis tpsf;Ff.
kdpjh;fis tpl kPj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf ,Ug;gjdhy;/ kdpjh;fis tpl tpiuthft[k;
tpntfkhft[k; bray;gl Kofpd;wJ. kdpjh;fs; bra;a[k; midj;J ntiyfisa[k; bra;a
ve;jpukdpjd; gad;gLfpwhd;. cztf=;fspy; czt[ ghpkhWtjw;Fg; gad;gLfpd;whd;.
bghJ ,l=;fspy; tHpfhl;Ltjw;Fg; gad;gLfpd;whd;. btoFz;Lfisr; braypHf;fr;
bra;fpd;whd;. tpisahl;Lj;JiwapYk;. kUj;Jtj;JiwapYk; Kj;jpiu gjpj;J
tUfpd;whd;. kdpjdhy; bry;yKoahj ,l=;fspYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;whd;. gak;
mwpahjtd; ,e;j ve;jpukdpjd;.
2. JUtg; gFjpfspy; Ma;t[ bra;a ve;jpukdpjh;fis mDg;g[tjd; fhuzk; ahJ>
btg;gepiy ciwepiyf;Fk; fPnH cs;s JUtg;gFjpfs; kdpjh;fs; thH Vw;w
NH;epiy ,Ug;gjpy;iy. ,=;F Ma;t[ bra;a kdpjh;fisg; gad;gLj;jpdhy; mth;fs;
gy cghijfSf;F Ml;gLth; my;yJ ,we;Jk; nghth;. mg;go ele;jhy; Ma;t[ ghjpapy;
epd;WtpLk;/ KGika[k; bgwhJ. Mdhy; ve;jpukdpjh;fs; ve;jg; gUtepiyapYk; ,a=;Fk;
jd;ik bgw;wth;fs;. ,th;fisg; gad;gLj;jpdhy; Ma;t[ ve;j jl=;fYkpd;wp KGik
bgWk;. mjdhy;jhd; JUtg;gFjpapy; Ma;t[ bra;a ve;jpu kdpjh;fis mDg;g[fpd;wdh;.
VI. rpe;jid tpdh.

1. c=;fSf;bfd xU ve;jpukdpjd; ,Ue;jhy; mij vjw;bfy;yhk; gad;gLj;JtPh;fs; vdr;
rpe;jpj;J vGJf.
vdf;bfd;W xU ve;jpukdpjd; ,Ue;jhy; mtid vd; ez;gdhfg; ghtpg;ngd;.
mtDld; tpisahLntd;. gy ,l=;fSf;Ff; Tl;or; bry;ntd;. tPl;L ntiyfspy;
gad;gLj;Jntd;. vd;Dlnd vg;nghJk; ,Uf;fr; bra;ntd;. tptrhaj;jpw;Fk;.
kUj;Jtj;Jiwf;Fk;/ mwptpay; Jiwf;Fk;/ Ma;t[j; Jiwf;Fk;/ cst[j; Jiwf;Fk;/ ehl;od;
ghJfhg;gpw;Fk;/ r@f nritf;Fk;/ tpisahl;Lj;Jiwf;Fk; tpz;btspj;Jiwf;Fk;/
Rw;Wyhj; Jiwf;Fk;/ thdpiy Ma;tpw;Fk;/ bghwpapay; Jiwf;Fk;/ fzpg;bghwpj;
Jiwf;Fk;/ fiyj; Jiwf;Fk;/ fl;olj; Jiwf;Fk;/ czt[ cw;gj;jpj; Jiwf;Fk;
gad;gLj;Jntd;.
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tphpthdk; ? xsp gpwe;jJ

(mg;Jy; fyhKld; neh;fhzy;)
fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. fdt[ fhQ=;fs; vd;gJ mg;Jy; fyhkpd; bghd; bkhHp. c=;fs; fdt[fs; gw;wp tFg;gpy;
fye;JiuahLf.
vdJ fdt[fs;/ gs;spg; gUtj;jpy; ed;whfg; goj;J xGf;fj;jpy; rpwe;j khztdhf
tps=;f ntz;Lk;. 10?k; tFg;g[/ 11?k; tFg;g[/ 12?k; tFg;g[ bghJj;njh;t[fspy; mjpf
kjpg;bgz; bgw ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpwF kUj;Jtg; gog;g[ goj;J rpwe;j kUj;Jtuhf
tuntz;Lk;. me;j kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; rpwe;j bjhz;lhw;Wtnj vdJ kpfg;bghpa
fdthFk;.
nehaw;w thH;nt Fiwtw;w bry;tkhFk;. kf;fspilna gzk; ,Uf;fyhk;"
gjtp ,Uf;fyhk;" fy;tp mwptpUf;fyhk;" ,itbay;yhk; ,Ue;Jk; cly; eykpd;nwy;
gadpy;iy. ,y;nyhh;/ cs;nshh; vd;w ghFghod;wp midtiua[k; clw;gpzp ghjpf;fpwJ.
gpzpj;Jd;gj;ijg; nghf;fp thH;tpd; kWkyh;r;rpia cz;lhf;Fjy; jiyahd mwkhFk;.
gpwh; ,d;dy; ePf;fp/ mth;jk; ,d;Kfk; fhz;gnj vd; thH;tpd; nehf;fk;. kf;fSf;Fr;
bra;a[k; bjhz;nl ,iwtDf;Fr; bra;a[k; bjhz;lhf epidj;J cjt/ clw;gpzp ePf;Fk;
kUj;Jtdhntd;. kUj;Jtk; bra;J bfhs;tjw;F tWik xU jilf;fy; md;W/ vd;gij
epiyehl;Lntd;. ViH vspath;fSf;Fk; ,ytr kUj;Jtk; ghh;g;ngd;.
2. eP=;fs; neh;fhzy; bra;a tpUk;g[k; xUtiuf; Fwpg;gpLf. mthplk; nfl;f tpUk;g[k; Ie;J
tpdhf;fisg; gl;oaypLf.
ehd; neh;fhzy; bra;a tpUk;g[k; egh; md;id bjurh mth;fs;. mthplk; nfl;f
tpUk;g[k; Ie;J tpdhf;fs;. mit/
1. eP=;fs; btspehl;ltuhf ,Ue;Jk; ,e;jpa ehl;L kf;fspd; kPJ vt;thW ,t;tst[
ghpt[k; ,uf;fKk; Vw;gl;lJ>
2. Vd; c=;fs; thH;ehs; KGtJk; r@f nritf;fhfnt mh;g;gzpj;jPh;fs;>
3. c=;fs; thH;tpd; ,d;gkhd/ Jd;gkhd jUz=;fs; vd;W vjid epidf;fpwPh;fs;>
4. c=;fspd; rhjidahf vjid Tw tpiHfpwPh;fs;>
5. j=;fSf;Fg; gpoj;jJ ,iwj;bjhz;lh my;yJ kf;fs; bjhz;lh>
kjpg;gPL gf;fk; 68
1. Rje;jpu ,e;jpah mile;j btw;wpfshf mg;Jy; fyhk; vtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;>

czt[ cw;gj;jpapy; jd;dpiwt[ mile;jJ. jfty; bjhHpy;El;gj;Jiwapy;
kpFjpahd tsh;r;rp bgw;Ws;sJ. vt;tifahd braw;iff; nfhisa[k; Vt[k; jpwd;
ek;kplk; cs;sJ. mQ ciyfs; @yk; kpd;rhuk; jahhpg;gpy; Kd;dzpapy; cs;sJ. etPd
kUe;JfSk; ghuk;ghpa kUj;JtKiwfSk; tsh;r;rp bgw;Ws;sd. ghJfhg;g[j;Jiwiag;
bghWj;jtiu `mf;dp~ kw;Wk; `gphpj;tp~ Vt[fizfisr; brYj;Jtjpy; btw;wp bgw;Ws;nshk;.
,tw;iwbay;yhk; Rje;jpu ,e;jpah mile;j btw;wpfshf mg;Jy;fyhk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
2. jkf;Fg; bgUkfpH;it mspj;jjhf mg;Jy;fyhk; Fwpg;gpLk; epfH;t[ ahJ>
nghypnahtpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; @d;W fpnyh vila[s;s braw;iff;
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fhy;fisg; bghUj;jpf; bfhz;L rpukg;gl;L elg;gijf; fz;nld;. ghJfhg;g[f; fUtpfspy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; `fhh;gd; ,iHia~ bfhz;L Ke;E}W fpuhk; vilapy; braw;iff; fhy;fs;
cUthf;fg;gl;ld. mjid mth;fs; mzpe;J kfpH;e;j epfH;r;rpjhd; jdf;F bgUkfpH;it
mspj;jjhff; TWfpwhh;.
rpe;jid tpdh.
1. eP=;fs; mg;Jy; fyhkplk; nfl;f tpUk;g[k; tpdhf;fis xU fojkhf vGJf.
nkjF mg;Jy;fyhk; Iah mth;fSf;F/
tzf;fk;.
ehd; j=;fsplk; nfl;f ntz;oa rpy tpdhf;fs; cs;sd. mtw;iwbay;yhk; ,g;nghJ
nfl;fpd;nwd; gjpy; jhU=;fs;.
1. ,e;jpah ty;yurhf tsh;e;J tUk; NHypy; jfty; bjhHpy; El;gj;jpYk;/ tpz;btsp
Muha;r;rpapYk; gy Kd;ndw;wj;ij mile;Js;sJ. mg;go ,Uf;Fk; nghJ Vd; ek;kth;
nuhngh jahhpg;gjpy; Mh;tk; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;>
2. ,e;jpahtpy; vy;yh ts=;fSk; brwpe;J fhzg;gLk;nghJ Vd; ,d;Dk; ehk; kw;w
ehLfisna vjph;ghh;j;J ,Uf;fpd;nwhk;>
3. ,e;jpah ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wik fhQk; ehL vd;W gyh; TWifapy; Vd; ,d;Dk; KG
xw;Wika[ld; ek;khy; thH Koatpy;iy>
4. cyfpnyna mjpf kiH bga;a[kplk; ,e;jpahtpy;jhd; cs;sJ. mg;goapUf;f rpy
Ch;fspy; jz;zPh;g; g+;rk; ,Ue;J bfhz;oUg;gjw;fhd fhuzk; vd;d>
5. kdpjd; Raeyj;jpw;fhf ,aw;ifiar; Ruz;o mHpj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpwhd;. ,g;gona
nghdhy; vjph;fhy re;jjpapdhpd; epiyjhd; vd;d> ,jw;F tHpna ,y;iyah>
6. khzth;fs;/ xGf;fj;jpy; rpwe;J tps=;ft[k;/ ehl;Lg;gw;Wld; thHt[k; rpy mwpt[iufs;
TW=;fs;.
,tw;wpw;bfy;yhk; eP=;fs; gjpy; jUtPh;fs; vd;W ek;g[fpnwd;.
ed;wp Iah-
fw;fz;L ? bkhHp Kjy;/ ,Wjp vGj;Jfs;

fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. +/ a/ t Mfpa caph;bka; vGj;Jfs; thpirapy; bkhHpKjy; vGj;Jfshf mikgit vit>
+ ? +kyp/ +hyk;/ b+fpHp/ b+hs;fpw;W
a ? atdh;/ ahid/ a[fk;/ a[{fk;/ nahfk;/ bastdk;
t ? til/ thil/ tpjp/ tPjp/ bty;/ nty;/ itak;/ btsthy;
kjpg;gPL gf;fk; 72
1. bkhHp Kjypy; tUk; caph;bka; vGj;Jfs; ahit>
brhy;ypd; Kjypy; tUk; vGj;Jfis bkhHpKjy; vGj;Jfs; vd;W TWth;.
f/r/j/e/g/k Mfpa thpirfspy; cs;s vy;yh caph;bka; vGj;JfSk; brhy;ypd; Kjypy; tUk;.
=/+/a/t Mfpa caph;bka; vGj;J thpirfspy; rpy vGj;Jfs; kl;Lnk brhy;ypd; Kjypy; tUk;.
= ? thpirapy; `=~ vd;Dk; Xh; vGj;J kl;;Lnk brhy;ypy; Kjy; vGj;jhf tUk;.
+ ? thpirapy; +/ +h? b+/ b+h Mfpa ehd;F vGj;JfSk; brhy;ypd; Kjypy; tUk;.
a ? thpirapy; a/ah/a[/a[{/nah/ bas Mfpa MW vGj;JfSk; brhy;ypd; Kjypy; tUk;.
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t ? thpirapy; t/th/tp/tP/bt/nt/ it Mfpa VG vGj;JfSk; brhy;ypd; Kjypy; tUk;.
2. bkhHp ,Wjpapy; tuhj bka;fs; vd;bdd;d>
f;/ =;/ r;/ l;/ j;/ g;/ w; Mfpa VG bka; vGj;JfSk; brhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tuhJ.
3. brhy;ypd; ,ilapy; kl;Lnk tUk; vGj;J vJ>
Ma;j vGj;J brhy;ypd; ,ilapy; kl;Lnk tUk;
bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
I. fz;Lk; nfl;Lk; kfpH;f.
1. mwptpay; fz;Lgpog;g[fs; gw;wpa fhbzhypfisf; fz;Lk; nfl;Lk; kfpH;f.
khztr; bry;t=;fns- mwptpay; fz;Lgpog;g[fs; gw;wpa fhbzhypfisf;
fz;Lk; nfl;Lk; kfpH;f.
II. ngrp btspg;gLj;Jf.
1. c=;fis Xh; mwptpay; mwp+uhff; fw;gid bra;J bfhz;L vt;tiff; fz;Lgpog;g[fis
epfH;j;JtPh;fs; vd;gJ Fwpj;Jg; ngRf.
ehd; Xh; mwptpay; mwp+uhf ,Ue;jhy; ,e;j cyfpy; mikjpa[k; rkhjhdKk;
Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F xU fUtpiaj; jahhpg;ngd;. mf;fUtpapd; bray;ghLfs; ,t;thwhf
mika[k;. me;jf; fUtpahdJ rpwpa totpy; ,Uf;Fk;. me;jf; fUtp xt;bthU
kdpjw;Fs;Sk; bghUj;jg;gLk;. mJ ey;y vz;zj;ij Cf;Ftpg;gjhft[k;/ ey;y
czh;itj; J}z;Ltdthft[k; mika[k;. kdpjh;fspd; kdjpy; vGfpd;w nguhir/ bfhiy
bra;a[k; czh;t[/ fst[/ gpw caph;fSf;Fj; Jd;gk; tpistpj;jy;/ fhk ,r;ir/ Jnuhfk;
bra;jy;/ Vkhw;Wjy;/ g[w=;Twy; nghd;wit njhd;Wk;nghJ ,e;jf; fUtp bray;gl;L/
,t;t[zh;t[fis mHpj;J ey;byz;zj;ij cUthf;fp kdpj ,dj;ij mHpt[g;
ghijapypUe;J kPl;blLf;Fk;. ,jdhy; kf;fs; xw;Wika[lDk;/ el;g[lDk; gHft[k;
thHt[k; Koa[k;.
thfd tpgj;Jfs; Vw;glhtz;zk; mij jLj;J epWj;j fUtp fz;Lgpog;ngd;.
me;jf; fUtpfis xt;bthU thfdj;jpYk; bghUj;jp tpLntd;. thfd=;fs;
tpgj;Jf;Fs;shFk; jUzj;jpy; me;jf; fUtp bray;gl;L tz;oapd; bray;ghL Kw;wpYk;
epd;WtpLkhW mf;fUtp ghh;j;Jf;bfhs;Sk;. mjdhy; tpgj;Jfs; jLf;fg;gLk;/ kdpj
caph;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.
III. gj;jpiag; goj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vGJf.
mJ 1921 Mk; Mz;L. kj;jpa jiuf; flypy;/ xU fg;gy; ,=;fpyhe;ij nehf;fpr;
brd;W bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. jkpHh; xUth; fg;gypd; nky;jsj;jpy; epd;W fly; miyfisg;
ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;oUe;jhh;. jpObud mtuJ cs;sj;jpy; fly;ePh; Vd; ePyepwkhff;
fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ vd;w tpdh vGe;jJ. mt;tpdh mtiu cw=;f tpltpy;iy. ,=;fpyhe;J
gazk; Koe;J ,e;jpah jpUk;gpdhh;. gpwF ghjur Mtp tpsf;F. bgd;rPd; kw;Wk; epwkhiyf;
fhl;o Mfpatw;wpd; cjtpa[ld; jkJ Ma;itj; bjhl=;fpdhh;.
Ma;tpd; Kotpy; 1928 gpg;uthp 28 Mk; ehs; ``,uhkd; tpist[~~ vd;Dk; jkJ
fz;Lgpog;ig btspapllhh;. ,f;fz;Lgpog;g[ ,e;jpahtpw;F mwptpaYf;fhd Kjy;
nehgy; ghpirg; bgw;Wj; je;jJ. mth; jkJ fz;Lgpog;ig btspapl;l gpg;uthp 28 Mk;
ehis Mz;L njhWk; `` njrpa mwptpay; ehs;~~ vdf; bfhz;lho kfpH;fpnwhk;. mth; ahh;
bjhpa[kh> mth; jhd; rh;.rp.tp.,uhkd;.
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1. ,uhkd; tpisitf; fz;lwpe;jth; ahh;>
tpil : rh;.rp.tp ,uhkd;
2. ,uhkd; mth;fSf;F nehgy; ghpirg; bgw;Wj; je;j nfs;tp vJ>
m) fly;ePh; Vd; fWg;ghff; fhl;aspf;fpwJ> M) fly;ePh; Vd; ePy epwkhf ,y;iy>
,) fly;ePh; Vd; ePy epwkhff; fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ> <) fly;ePh; Vd; cg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ>
tpil : fly;ePh; Vd; ePy epwkhff; fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ>
3. njrpa mwptpay; ehs;; vd;iwf;Ff; bfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ> Vd;>
tpil : Mz;LnjhWk; gpg;uthp 28Mk; ehisj; njrpa mwptpay; ehshff;
bfhz;lhLfpd;nwhk;. rh;.rp.tp ,uhkd; jdJ fz;Lgpog;ig btspapl;l ehs;
vd;gjhy; bfhz;lhLfpnwhk;.
4. ,g;gj;jpf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jiyg;gpLf.
tpil : cyfstpy; ,e;jpahtpd; vGr;rp.
IV. Mrphpah; Twf;nfl;L vGJf.
<LghL bgU=;fly; bjhHpy;El;gk; nghypnah Ez;bghUs;
JUtg; gFjp Ez;Qzh;t[ @yf;TWfs; cw;wtd; Fwpf;nfhs;
<LghL : fzpdpj; Jiwapy; <Lghl;il tsh;j;Jf; bfhz;Ls;sdh; jk;pHh;fs;.
bgU=;fly; : Fkhpf;fz;lk; vDk; bgUepyg;gFjp ,e;jpag; bgU=;flypy;
@H;fptpl;lJ.
bjhHpy;El;gk; : mwptpay; bjhHpy;El;g tsh;r;rpapd; xU gFjpna ve;jpu kdpjd;
cUthf;fk;.
nghypnah : Ie;J tajpw;Fl;gl;l FHe;ijfSf;F nghypnah brhl;LkUe;J
bfhLg;gjhy; nehapd; ghjpg;ng jw;nghJ ,e;jpahtpy; ,y;iy vDk;
epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ez;bghUs; : mQj;Jfs; vd;gJ ghh;itf;Fg; g[yg;glhj Xh; Ez;bghUs;.
JUtg; gFjp : JUtg;gFjpapy; MW khj=;fs; bjhlh;e;J gfyhft[k; MW khj=;fs;
bjhlh;e;J ,Ushft[k; ,Uf;ft[k;.
Ez;Qzh;t[ : bjhiy Ez;Qzh;t[ braw;iff; nfhs;fs; g{kpapd; ts=;fis
g[ifg;gl=;fshf vLj;J mDg;g[fpwJ.
@yf;TWfs; : Xh; mQthdJ g[nuhl;lhd;/ vyf;l;uhd;/ epa{l;uhd; vDk; @yf;TWfshy;
MdJ.
cw;wtd; : Kaw;rpapd;ik vDk; neha; cw;wtd; thH;f;ifapy; vf;fhyj;jpYk; btw;wp
bgw ,ayhJ.
Fwpf;nfhs; : ekf;F thH;f;ifapy; Xh; Fwpf;nfhs; ntz;Lk;.
bkhHpnahL tpisahL
brhy;tsk; bgUf;Ff.
I. gpd;tUk; bjhlh;fspy; mof;nfhol;l brhw;fSf;F ,izahd jkpH;r; brhw;fis vGJf.
1. fk;ga
; {l;lh; Jiwapy; c=;fs; mwpit tsh;j;Jf; bfhs;S=;fs;
tpil : fzpg;bghwp ' fzpdp
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2. fhyp=;bgy;iy mGj;jpdhd; fzpad;
tpil : miHg;g[kzpia
3. kdpjh;fs; j=;fs; ntiyfis vspjhf;f kp&pd;fisf; fz;Lgpoj;jdh;.
tpil : ,ae;jpu=;fisf;
4. ,d;W gy;ntW JiwfspYk; nuhngh gad;ghl;ow;F te;Js;sJ.
tpil : ve;jpukdpjd;
II. gfph;f.
nuhnghf;fs; fz;Lgpog;gpdhy; Vw;gLk; tpist[fs; gw;wp tpthjpf;f.
ntiyapy;yhj; jpz;lhl;lk; :
kdpjh;fisg; nghynt vy;yh ntiyfisa[k; bra;a[k; nuhnghf;fshy; kdpjd;
jdJ ntiyfis ,Hf;f nehpLk; mjdhy; gynfhokf;fs; ntiyapy;yhky; jtpf;Fk; epiy
Vw;gLk;.
jtW Vw;gl tha;g;g[s;sJ :
nuhnghf;fisr; bray;gl itf;f fzpdpapd; cjtp njitg;gLfpwJ. mt;thW
njitg;gLk; fzpdp gGJ mila neh;e;jhy; nuhnghf;fs; jd; braypy; jtwp tpLk; ,jdhy;
gy jtWfs; Vw;gl tha;g;g[s;sJ.
capUf;F Mgj;J :
nuhnghf;fis gpw Jiwfspy; gad;gLj;Jk;nghJ jtW Vw;glnt tha;g[s;sJ.
Mdhy; kUj;Jtj;JiwapYk;/ ghJfhg;g[j; JiwapYk; mt;thW my;y/ khwhf kdpjh;fspd;
capiuna gwpj;J tpLk; Mgj;J cs;sJ. mjdhy; gy caph;fs; gypahfptpLk;.
cyfpw;F Mgj;J :
nuhnghf;fis ehl;ow;Fj; jP=;F tpistpf;Fk; vz;zk; bfhz;lth;fs; jtwhfg;
gad;gLj;jpdhy;/ ,e;j cyfpw;nf nguhgj;jhf mike;J tpLk;. mJnt caphpd=;fSf;Fg;
bgUk; mr;RWj;jyhf khw tha;g;g[s;sJ. kdpjd; jd; njitf;fhf cUthf;fpa nuhnghf;fns
kdpj ,dj;ij Kw;wpYkhf mHpj;JtpLk;.
jplf;fHpt[ mjpfk; Vw;gLk; :
mjpf nuhnghf;fspd; tuthy; giHa braypHe;j nuhnghf;fspd; fHpthy; epyk;
khRghL mila[k;.
nuhnghf;fshy; gy ed;ikfs; Vw;gl;lhYk; rpy gpd; tpist[fs; Vw;glt[k;
tha;g;g[s;sJ.
III. fiye;Js;s vGj;Jfis Kiwg;gLj;Jf. gf;fk; 74

1. tpfz;yk; ? tp z; f y k;
2. kj;UJk;t ? k U j; J t k;
3. mtpwpy;a ? m wp tp a y;
4. zpdpf ? f zp dp
5. vyhy;k; ? v y; yh k;
6. mg;iHg[ ? m iH g; g[
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tl;lj;jpy; rpf;fpa vGj;Jfis vLj;J vGJf.
k; J m y; f yh g;
vGj;Jfis thpirg;gLj;jp jkpHf mwptpay; mwp+iuf; fz;Lgpoa[=;fs;.
tpil : mg;Jy;fyhk;
IV. thf;fpaj;ij ePl;o vGJf.
v.fh: ehd; gog;ngd;. (mwptpay;/ ghlk;/ ed;whf)
ehd; ghlk; gog;ngd;.
ehd; mwptpay; ghlk; gog;ngd;.
ehd; mwptpay; ghlk; ed;whfg; gog;ngd;.
1. mwpe;J bfhs;s tpUk;g[. (vija[k;/ fhuzj;Jld;/ bjspthf)
vija[k; mwpe;J bfhs;s tpUk;g[.
vija[k; fhuzj;Jld; mwpe;J bfhs;s tpUk;g[.
vija[k; bjspthf fhuzj;Jld; mwpe;J bfhs;s tpUk;g[.
2. ehd; brd;nwd;. (CUf;F/ new;W/ ngUe;jpy;)
ehd; CUf;Fr; brd;nwd;.
ehd; new;W CUf;Fr; nrd;nwd;.
ehd; new;W CUf;Fg; ngUe;jpy; brd;nwd;.
V. mor;brhy;Yld; vGj;Jfisr; nrh;j;Jg; g[jpa brhw;fis; cUthf;Ff.

(v.fh) mwp ? mwpf/ mwpe;J/ mwp+h;/ mwptpay;/ mwptpg;g[
1. ghh; :
tpil : ghh;f;f/ ghh;j;J/ ghh;it/ ghh;f;ftd;/ ghh;f;ftp/ ghh;Rtk;/ ghh;g;g[/ ghh;tjk;
2. bra; :
tpil : bra;f/ bra;J/ bra;jhd;/ bra;jp/ bra;if/ bra;a[s;/ bra;jpj;jhs;
3. bjsp :
tpil : bjspf;f/ bjspe;J/ bjspjy;/ bjspj;jy;/ bjsptpj;jy;/ bjspthf
4. go :
tpil : gof;f/ goj;J/ goj;jy;/ gojy;/ goif/ goepiy/ gofk;/ gotk;/ gog;g[
VI. bka; vGj;J eLtpy; mika[khW brhw;fis cUthf;Ff.

(v.fh) fk;g[
t
f e
tpil : tk;g[/ ek;g[/ jk;g[/ fk;gp/ ek;gp/ jk;gp
k;
gp g[
j
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VII. FWf;bfGj;Jg; g[jph;
1
m f; dp r; rp w F f s;
o
ik fp
t[ a; 2
M =;
dp a
f; 3
v e; jp u k dp j d;
4
m 5
jh
6 7
tp o l; ngh nrh
8
k; j l xs gp
9
g 10
r t[ jp m nu gp ah
,lkpUe;J tyk; tykpUe;J ,lk;
1. mg;Jy;fyhkpd; Rarhpij _____ 2. Muha;r;rp vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy; _.
3. rpe;jpj;Jr; bray;gLk; jhdpa=;fp ____ 6. rJu=;fg; _____ apy; Og;g[A btw;wp
10. ve;jpukdpjDf;F Foa[hpik tH=;fpa bgw;wJ.
Kjy; ehL _____ 8. kUe;J vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy;
nkypUe;J fPH; fPHpUe;J nky;
1. `nuhngh~ vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; _ 4. ,e;jpah brYj;jpa Vt[fiz _____.
2. mfu thpirapy; mika[k; ,yf;fpak; _. 5. jhdhfr; bray;gLk; ve;jpuk; _____.
7. `g[Jikfspd; btw;wpahsh;~ vd;Dk; 9. mg;Jy;fyhk; tfpj;j _____ FoauRj;
gl;lk; bgw;w nuhngh _____. jiyth;.
tpilfs;:
,lkpUe;J tyk; 1. mf;dpr;rpwFfs; 3. ve;jpukdpjd; 10. rt[jpmnugpah
tykpUe;J ,lk; 2. Ma;t[ 6. nghl;o 8. xsljk;
nkypUe;J fPH; 1. moik 2. Mj;jpR{o 7. nrhgpah
fPHpUe;J nky;; 4. mf;dp 5. jhdpa=;fp 9. gjtp
VIII. R{Hiyf; ifahs;f.
khiyapy; gs;sp Koe;J ngUe;jpy; tPl;ow;F te;Jbfhz;oUf;fpwPh;fs;. mg;nghJ ngUe;J
gGjhfp ghjp tHpapy; epd;WtpLfpwJ. ,e;jg; ngUe;ij tpl;lhy; c=;fs; CUf;F ntW
ngUe;J ,y;iy. ,g;nghJ eP=;fs; vd;d bra;tPh;fs;>
* mH Muk;gpj;J tpLntd;.
* ahhplkhtJ cjtp nfl;ngd;.
* mUfpy; cs;sthplk; bjhiyngrp th=;fp tPl;ow;Fj; jfty; jUntd;.
* CUf;F ele;nj bry;yj; bjhl=;Fntd;.
tpil : mUfpy; cs;sthplk; bjhiyngrp th=;fp tPl;ow;Fj; jfty; jUntd;.
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epw;f mjw;Fj; jf...

vd; bghWg;g[fs;...
mwptpay; fUtpfis ed;ikf;F kl;Lk; gad;gLj;Jntd;.
tpil :
* tptrhaj;jpy; brhl;LePh;g; ghrd Kiwapy; gaph;bra;J jz;zPh; tPzhtijj; jLg;ngd;.
* bjhiyf;fhl;rpapy; tpisahl;L/ bra;jpfs;/ tpy=;Ffs;/ fz;Lgpog;g[fs;/ bjhHpw;rhiy
bray;ghLfs; Fwpj;j epfH;r;rpfis kl;Lk; ghh;g;ngd;.
* fzpdpia ghlk; bjhlh;ghf vGk; Ia=;fis jPh;f;f kl;Lnk gad;gLj;Jntd;.
* tPl;oy; cs;s miyngrpia jfty; bjhlh;g[f;F kl;Lnk gad;gLj;Jntd;.
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
,ay; @d;W
neuk; : 40 epkpl=;fs; jkpH; kjpg;bgz; : 20
m. bghUs; jUf.
1. xsljk; ? 2. xUkpj;jk; ?
M. gphpj;J vGJf.
3. Xa;tw ? 4. tpz;btsp ?
,. nrh;j;J vGJf.
5. Vd; + vd;W ? 6. ,y;yhJ + ,a=;Fk; ?
7. ez;gh;fSld; _____ tpisahL.
8. kdpjd; jd; ntiyfis vspjhf;ff; fz;Lgpoj;jit_____.
c. vjph;r;brhw;fisg; bghUj;Jf.
9. mQF ? nrhh;t[
10. Iak; ? tpyF
II. vitnaDk; @d;W tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f. 3x2=6
11. kdpjh;fSf;F kUe;jhf tps=;FtJ vJ>
12. braw;iff;nfhs; vtw;Wf;F vy;yhk; gad;gLfpwJ>
13. `nuhngh~ vd;Dk; brhy; vt;thW cUthdJ>
14. Òg; g[A~ ? kPj;jpwd; fzpdp gw;wp vGJf.
15. ve;jpukdpjdpd; gad;fis tpsf;Ff.
III. vitnaDk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f. 2x2=4
16. bkhHp Kjypy; tUk; caph;bka; vGj;Jfs; ahit>

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gUtk; I  kdg;ghlk; VI  f=;fh  jkpH; 53
kdg;ghlg;gFjp
,d;gj;jkpH;
jkpGf;Fk; mKbjd;Wngh; ? me;jj;
jkp[H; ,d;gj; jkpH;v=;fs; capUf;F neh;-
jkpGf;F epybtd;W ngh; ? ,d;gj;
jkp[H; v=;fs; r@fj;jpd; tpist[f;F ePh;-
jkpGf;F kzbkd;W ngh; ? ,d;gj;
jkpH; v=;fs; thH;t[f;F epUkpj;j Ch;-
? ghujpjhrd;
rpyg;gjpfhuk;
jp=;fisg; nghw;WJk; jp=;fisg; nghw;WJk;
bfh=;F myh;jhh;r; brd;dp Fsph; btz;Fil nghd;W,t;
m=;fz; cyF mspj;j yhd;
+hapW nghw;WJk; +hapW nghw;WJk;
fhtphp ehld; jpfphpnghy; bghw;nfhl;L
nkU tyk; jphpjyhd;
khkiH nghw;WJk; khkiH nghw;WJk;
ehk ePh; ntyp cyfpw;F mtd; mspnghy;
nky;epd;W jhd; Ruj;jyhd;
? ,s=;nfhtofs;
fhzp epyk;
fhzp epyk; ntz;Lk; ? guhrf;jp
fhzp epyk; ntz;Lk; ? m=;Fj;
J}zpy; mHfpajha; ? ed;khl=;fs;
Ja;a epwj;jpdjha; ? me;jf;
fhzp epyj;jpilna ? Xh; khspif
fl;oj; juntz;Lk; ? m=;Ff;
nfzp mUfpdpny ? bjd;idkuk;
fPw;Wk; ,sePUk;
gj;Jg; gd;dpuz;L ? bjd;idkuk;
gf;fj;jpny ntQk;.
? ghujpahh;
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54 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; gUtk; I  kdg;ghlk;

jpUf;Fws;
mfu Kjy vGj;bjy;yhk; Mjp
gftd; Kjw;nw cyF.
tpz;,d;W bgha;gg
; pd; tphpePh; tpaDyfj;J
cs;epd;W clw;Wk; grp.
bfLg;gJ}ck; bfl;lhh;f;Fr; rhh;tha;kw;W M=;nf

vLg;gJ}ck; vy;yhk; kiH.
braw;fhpa bra;thh; bghpah; rpwpah;

braw;fhpa bra;fyh jhh;.
jk;kpd;jk; kf;fs; mwpt[ilik khepyj;J

kd;Daph;f;F vy;yhk; ,dpJ.
<d;w bghGjpd; bghpJtf;Fk; jd;kfidr;

rhd;nwhd; vdf;nfl;l jha;.
md;gpyhh; vy;yhk; jkf;Fhpah; md;g[ilahh;

vd;g[k; chpah; gpwh;f;F.
md;gpd; tHpaJ caph;epiy mBjpyhh;f;F

vd;g[njhy; nghh;j;j clk;g[.
gzpt[ilad; ,d;brhyd; Mjy; xUtw;F

mzpay;y kw;Wg; gpw.
,dpa csthf ,d;dhj Twy;

fdpapUg;gf; fha;fth;e; jw;W.
? jpUts;Sth;
fl;Liu
1. md;whl thH;tpy; mwptpay;
Kd;Diu :
kdpjdpd; md;whl thH;t[f;F czt[/ cil/ ciwa[s; Mfpad mtrpakhdit.
bjhiyf;fhl;rp/ thbdhyp/ jpiug;glk;/ nghf;Ftuj;J/ fy;tp/ ntshz;ik/ bjhHpy;/
kUj;Jtk;/ bghGJnghf;F nghd;wd kf;fspd; thH;tpy; ,ize;jit. ,it midj;Jk;
bgw;W kdpjd; epiwtha; thH mwptpay; Jiz epw;fpwJ.
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gUtk; I  fl;Liu VI  f=;fh  jkpH; 55

mhpa bray;fs; :
kdpjdpd; ,iltplh Kaw;rpahYk;/ rpe;jid tsh;r;rpahYk; mwptpay; tsh;e;J
bfhz;nl tUfpd;wJ. kdpjd; tpz;iz msf;fpwhd;. kz;iz msf;fpwhd;" flypd;
MHj;ijj; JUt[fpwhd;" ,uitg; gfyhf;Ffpwhd;" mQitg; gpsf;fpwhd;" mjd; Mw;wiy
Mf;f ntiyf;Fg; gad;gLj;Jfpwhd;" neha; jPh;f;Fk; kUe;Jfisf; fz;Lgpof;fpwhd;.
mwptpaypd; Mf;f=;fs; gyg;gythFk;.
mwptpaypd; tsh;r;rp :
gytpjkhd czt[g; bghUs;fis tpiue;J rikf;ft[k;/ gy ehs;fSf;Fg;
ghJfhf;ft[k; fUtpfs; te;Jtpl;ld. ifahy; E}y; E}w;W bert[ bea;j fhyk; ngha;
,ae;jpu=;fisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w epiy te;Jtpl;lJ. Foirfspy; thH;e;j kdpjd;
thdshtpa mLf;Fkho tPLfs; fl;of;bfhs;s bghwpapay; mwpt[ Jiz epw;fpd;wJ.
tPl;Lf;Fj; njitahd fl;oy;/ gPnuhf;fs;/ Fsph; rhjdg; bgl;ofs;/ thbdhyp/
bjhiyf;fhl;rp/ fofhuk;/ miyngrp/ bjhiyngrp/ fzpdp/ ,!;jphp bgl;o/ kpd; tprpwp/ kpd;
tpsf;Ffs;/ kpd;rhuk;/ kht[ miuf;Fk; rhjdk;/ Jzp Jitf;Fk; rhjdk;/ kpd; mLg;g[fs;
Kjypadt[k; mwptpaypd; ed;bfhilfns.
cHtpw;F khLfis ek;gpapUe;j kdpjd; ,ae;jpuk; @yk; Fiwe;j neuj;jpy; gue;j
btspia cGfpd;whd;. etPd braw;if cu=;fisg; gad;gLj;jp epiwe;j tpisr;riyg;
bgWfpd;whd;. ePh; ,iwf;ft[k; kUe;jof;ft[k; ,ae;jpu=;fisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;whd;.
,d;iwa nghf;Ftuj;Jr; rhjd=;fs; cyif xU FLk;gk; vd;Dk; mstpw;Fr;
RUf;fptpl;ld. cyfpd; xU @iyapy; elf;Fk; bra;jp cybf=;Fk; gut xypgug;g[
rhjd=;fs; te;J tpl;ld. ve;j nehiaa[k; kUj;Jtj;jhy; Fzg;gLj;jyhk; vd;w epiyf;F
mwptpay; tsh;e;J tpl;lJ. mwptpay; fz;lwpe;j mr;Rg;bghwpfSk; fhfpj=;fSk;
braw;iff; nfhs;fSk; mwptpay; gilg;g[fns.
Kot[iu :
,t;thW md;whl thH;tpy; Crp Kjy; cj;jpuk; tiu/ JUk;g[ Kjy; J}z; tiu
cs;s bghUl;fs; midj;Jk; mwptpaypd; fUtpfns bfhilfns.
2. jkpH;bkhHpapd; rpwg;g[
Kd;Diu :
giHikahd bkhHp/ gz;gl;lbkhHp/ ek; ige;jkpH; bkhHp jkpnH. bjd;dtd;
bkhHp/ bjd;gh=;F bkhHp/ njdpDk; ,dpaJ ek; jPe;jkpH;bkhHp. jkpH; vd;why; ,dpik" jkpH;
vd;why; mHF" jkp[H; vd;why; mkpH;jk;. CndhL Cdhf/ capnuhL capuhf/ czh;nthL
czh;thf xd;wptpl;l ek; cah;jdpr; brk;bkhHpahk; jkpH; bkhHpapd; rpwg;gpid mwpnthk;.
vd;WKs bjd;jkpH; :
vj;jidnah bkhHpfs; cyfpy; njhd;wpa[s;sd" fhy bts;sj;ijf; flf;f
Koahky; vj;jidnah bkhHpfs; mHpe;J tpl;ld. cyfpnyna giHikahd bkhHpfs;
vdg; ghuhl;lg;gLgit ,yj;jPd;/ fpnuf;fk;/ vgpnuak;/ rPdk;/ rkw;fpUjk;/ jkpH; Mfpa MW
bkhHpfs; jhk;. Mdhy; mHpahj bkhHpahf/ rpijahj bkhHpahf/ md;W Kjy; ,d;W tiu
xnu epiyapy; caph;g;g[ld; thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; xnu bkhHp ek; jkpH; bkhHpjhd;.
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56 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; gUtk; I  fl;Liu

thH;t[f;F ,yf;fzk; :
,yf;fz mikg;gpy; g[Jik fz;l bgUik jkpH; bkhHpf;nf cz;L.
bjhy;fhg;gpah; vGj;J/ brhy;/ bghUs; vd @d;W mjpfhu=;fsha; mikj;Jj; jkpGf;F
,yf;fzk; tFj;jhh;. cyfpy; Vida bkhHpfspy; vGj;Jf;F ,yf;fzk; cz;L"
brhy;ypw;F ,yf;fzk; cz;L" ahg;g[/ mzpfSf;Ff;Tl ,yf;fzk; cz;L" Mdhy;/
bghUSf;F ,yf;fzk; ntW vk;bkhHpapYk; ,y;iy. jkpH; bkhHp xd;Wjhd;/ thH;t[f;nf
,yf;fzk; mikj;J rpwe;J kpspUk; tskhd bkhHpahFk;. khdpl thH;f;ifiana `mfk;~/
`g[wk;~ vd;W ,Utifg;gLj;jp ,yf;fz=;fz;l bgUik jkpH;bkhHp xd;Wf;Fj;jhd;
cz;L.
,yf;fz/ ,yf;fpa tsk; :

thH;t[f;nf ,yf;fzk; tFj;j tz;lkpH; bkhHpapy;/ gHe;jkpHh; thH;itg;
glk; gpoj;Jf; fhl;Lk; tskhd ,yf;fpa=;fSf;Ff; Fiwtpy;iy. ,yf;fpak; vd;Dk;
r+;rPtpahy;jhd; jkpH;bkhHp ,d;wst[k; rpu+;rPtPahf thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;fpwJ.
gj;Jg;ghl;L/ vl;Lj;bjhif/ gjpbdz; fPH;f;fzf;F/ gjpbdz;nky;fzf;F/
Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpak;/ I+;rpWfhg;gpak; nghd;wd jkpHpd; bgUikiag; giwrhw;Wfpd;wd.
gd;dpU jpUKiwfs;/ ehyhapuj; jpt;a gpuge;j=;fs; gf;jp kzk; gug;g[fpd;wd. ey;tHp/
@Jiu/ cyf ePjp/ bfhd;iw nte;jd; nghd;wd ePjp bewpfhl;Lk; tHpfhl;ofsha;
tps=;Ffpd;wd. kfhghujk;/ fk;guhkhazk; nghd;wd jkpHd;idf;F mzpfyd;fsha;j;
jpfH;fpd;wd.
bjhy;fhg;gpak;/ mfj;jpak;/ ed;D}y;/ jz;oay=;fhuk;/ ahg;gU=;fyf;fhhpif
nghd;w ,yf;fz E}y;fs; jkpH;f;nfhtpiy mHpahky; fhj;J tUfpd;wd.
jkpH;r;Rit fz;nlhh; :
mkpH;jj;ijf; file;jhy; mjpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; mhpa brhy;ny `jkpH;~ vd;W
nghw;Wfpd;whh; ehkf;fy; ftp+h; ``,Ue;jkpnH cd;dhy; ,Ue;njd; ,iknahh; tpUe;jkpH;jk;
vd;whYk; ntz;nld;~~ vd;W jkpH; czh;t[kpf;f `jkpH;tpL J}J~ Mrphpah; ghLfpwhh;.
``bjs;Sw;w jkpHKjpd; Rit fz;lhh;/ ,=;fkuh; rpwg;g[f; fz;lhh;~~ vdj; jkpiH mkpH;jkhfr;
Ritj;jhh; ghujpahh;.
``jkpHf;F mKbjd;Wngh; ? me;jj;
jkpH;,d;gj; jkpH; v=;fs; capUf;F neh;~~
vd;W jkpiH mkpH;jhft[k; capuhft[k; kjpj;jhh; g[ul;;rpf; ftp+h; ghujpjhrd;.
Kot[iu :
mkpH;jhd jkpiH mfj;jpy; epidg;nghk;- capuhd jkpiH cs;sj;jpy; bfhs;nthk;-
jkpH; v=;fs; caph; vd;w czh;nthL thH;nthk;- vj;jidnah ,yf;fpa=;fis <d;bwLj;j
ek; Kj;jkpH; caph;jdpr; brk;bkhHpahk; jkpH;bkhHpia/ ehk; be+;rhug; nghw;Wnthk;.

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gUtk; I  khjphp tpdhj;jhs; VI  f=;fh  jkpH; 57
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
bjhFj;jwpt[ njh;t[
Kjy; gUtj; njh;t[
neuk; : 1.30 kzp jkpH; kjpg;bgz; : 60
m. bghUs; jUf.
1. mrj ? 2. jpfphp ?
M. gphpj;J vGJf.
3. ed;khl=;fs ? 4. fz;lw ?
,. nrh;j;J vGJf.
5. ,y;yhJ + ,a=;Fk; ? 6. jiu + ,a=;Fk; ?

8. fjputdpd; kw;bwhU bgah; _____.
9. rpj;jk; vd;gjd; bghUs; _____.
10. `kh~ vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; _____.
11. kpf ePz;l bjhiyt[ gwf;Fk; gwit _____.
c. bghUj;Jf.
12. g[yth;f;F ? khl=;fs;
13. J}a epwj;jpy; ? bjd;wy;
14. rpj;jk; kfpH;e;jpl ? nty;
II. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSs; vitbaDk; Ie;jDf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f. 5 x 2 = 10

15. ,d;gj; jkpH; ? ghlypy; c=;fSf;Fg; gpoj;j mofs; ,uz;lid vGJf.
16. bre;jkpHpd; g[fH; v=;bfy;yhk; gut ntz;Lk; vd;W ftp+h; TWfpwhh;>
17. ,aw;if nghw;wj;jf;fJ Vd;>
18. c=;fSf;Fj; bjhpe;j kUj;Jt Kiwfs; ahit>
19. jkpH; ,dpabkhHp vd;gjw;fhd fhuzk; jUf.
20. gwitfs; vf;fhuz=;fSf;fhf ,lk; bgah;fpd;wd>
21. ve;jpu kdpjdpd; gad;fis tpsf;Ff.
III. mo gpwHhky; vGJf. 2x3=6
22. `jp=;fisg;~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; rpyg;gjpfhug; ghliy vGJf.
23. `jk;kpd;jk;~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; jpUf;Fwis vGJf.
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58 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; gUtk; I  khjphp tpdhj;jhs;

IV. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSs; vitnaDk; @d;wDf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;ft[k;. 3x2=6
24. capbuGj;Jfs; vt;thW gpwf;fpd;wd>
25. jkpH; ,yf;fz=;fs; ahit>
26. rhh;bgGj;Jfs; vj;jid> mit ahit>
27. brhw;fspy; Ma;j vGj;J vt;thW ,lk;bgWk;>
V. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;ft[k;. 2 x 5 = 10

29. jkpH; bkhHp vt;thW mwpahikia mfw;Wk;>
(my;yJ)
fhzp epyk; ghlypy; ghujpahh; ntz;Ltd ahit>
30. gwit ,d=;fs; mHpahky; fhg;ghw;wg;gl ehk; bra;a ntz;oait gw;wpr; rpe;jpj;J
vGJf. (my;yJ)
jkpH; bkhHp tsh;bkhHp vd;gij czh;fpwPh;fsh> fhuzk; jUf.
VI. fl;Liu tpdh. 2 x 6 = 12

31. mj;ijapd; fojf; fUj;Jfisr; RUf;fp vGJf.
(my;yJ)
rhz;oahnfh Fwpj;J c=;fs; fUj;J ahJ>
32. c=;fs; Chpd; ,aw;if tsk; gw;wpf; fl;Liu vGJf.
(my;yJ)
`miyngrpahy; ed;ikna~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vGJf.
VII. jpwd; tpdh. 1x2=2

31. èpyh~ my;yJ `kiH~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; Ie;J thpfspy; ftpij vGJf.
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Namma Kalvi 6th Standard Tamil Guide Term 1 220948

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5-in-1 6

jkpH; Ö M=;fpyk; Ö fzpjk;

OUR BANK DETAILS

Account Name : SURYA PUBLICATIONS

Account Name : SURYA PUBLICATIONS

In tune with the objectives as formulated in the new text

Adequate explanations for all the exercises will enrich their

One of the most salient features of the book on your hand

It is earnestly hoped that GANGA 5-in-1 GUIDE will be of

Wish you the most successful, pleasant Academic year with

bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL njh;t[ 57

Prose Sea Turtles

1 Poem The Crocodile 61 - 87

Prose When the Trees Walked

2 Poem Trees 88 - 124

Supplementary The Apple Tree and the Farmer

Prose The Visitor From Distant Lands

3 Poem Dream of Spices 125 - 154

Supplementary Spices of India

Summative Assessment 155

Memoriter Poem 158

1 vz;fs; 161 - 189

2 ,aw;fzpjk; ? Xh; mwpKfk; 190 - 202

3 tpfpjk; kw;Wk; tpfpj rkk; 203 - 226

4 totpay; 227 - 249

5 g[s;spapy; 250 - 276

6 jfty; brayhf;fk; 277 - 287

Kjy; gUt khjphp tpdhj;jhs; 288 - 290

1 mstPLfs; 293 - 306

2 tpira[k; ,af;fKk; 307 - 322

3 ek;ikr; Rw;wpa[s;s gUg;bghUl;fs; 323 - 342

4 jhtu=;fs; thGk; cyfk; 343 - 352

5 tpy=;Ffs; thGk; cyfk; 353 - 359

6 cly; eyKk; RfhjhuKk; 360 - 369

7 fzpdp ? Xh; mwpKfk; 370 - 373

Kjy; gUt khjphp tpdhj;jhs; 374 - 376

1 tuyhW vd;why; vd;d> 379 - 386

2 kdpjh;fspd; ghpzhk tsh;r;rp 387 - 393

4 jkpH;ehl;od; gz;ila efu=;fs; 407 - 414

1 nguz;lk; kw;Wk; Nhpaf;FLk;gk; 415 - 423

1 gd;Kfj; jd;ikapid mwpnthk; 435 - 440

Kjy; gUt khjphp tpdhj;jhs; 447 - 448

gUtk; I  ,ay; 1 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; 1

2 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; gUtk; I  ,ay; 1

gUtk; I  ,ay; 1 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; 3

4 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; gUtk; I  ,ay; 1

brhy;Yk; bghUSk; : gf;fk; 5

gUtk; I  ,ay; 1 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; 5

6 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; gUtk; I  ,ay; 1

ciueil cyfk; ? tsh;jkpH;

gUtk; I  ,ay; 1 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; 7

njh;t[ thH;j;J jd;dk;gpf;if thH;j;J

8 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; gUtk; I  ,ay; 1

3. `rPupsik~ vd;w brhy;iyg; gpupf;ff; fpilf;Fk; brhy;_____

III. brhw;fisr; brhe;jj; bjhlupy; mikj;J vGJf.

gUtk; I  ,ay; 1 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; 9

VI. rpe;jid tpdh.

10 VI  f=;fh  jkpH; gUtk; I  ,ay; 1

tpupthdk; ? fdt[ gypj;jJ (fojk;)