Introduction To Culture, Society and Politics

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO CULTURE,
SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
OBJECTIVES
1. Define the concept of identity and relate it to society and culture.
2. Define the social sciences and describe its various fields of studies.
3. Discuss how each social sciences contributes to understanding society,
culture and politics.
4. Describe how social backgrounds shape vies about society and the world.
5. Analyze social, political, and cultural change, and give examples each.
6. Relate their observations on social differences, social change, and identities,
and discuss their interrelatedness.
7. Demonstrate an interest and willingness to explore the origins and dynamics
of culture, society, and politics.
IDENTITY, CULTURE, AND SOCIETY
WHAT IS IDENTITY?
➢It is the distinctive

characteristic that
defines an individual or
is shared by those
belonging to a
particular group.
IDENTITY IN A FAMILY
•Daughter
•Son
•Brother
•Sister
IDENTITY IN SCHOOL
• Member of student council
• Club member
• Member of organization
• Varsity Player (Football,
Basketball, etc.)
• Music Enthusiast
• Performance artist
• Factors that influenced identity:
1. Sexual orientation and gender
a. Male, female, transgenders, transexuals, intersex,
gender queers
2. Nationality
a. Filipino, Japanese, French, Korean, etc.
• Identity can also change over the course of a
person’s lifetime. It continuously shaped and
reshaped through the passage of time as well
as the overall context of one’s life cycle.
Son Father
Daughter Mother
Student Doctor, Engineer, etc.
WHAT MADE IDENTITY VERY IMPORTANT?
➢it shape both individual and group behavior as well as people’s views
about other people.
➢Learning one’s self, culture, and society entails knowledge
about various identities and how these shape people’s view and
behavior.
➢Enables a person to appreciate what makes him similar to and
different from other people.
➢Helps a person to understand that identities are rational and
contextual.
▪ Ex: - Understand why muslim does not eat pork
- Avoid stereotyping on ‘istambays’
WHAT IS CULTURE?
➢Defined as society’s way of life.
➢Provides the basis for forging identities.
➢Allows people to understand themselves in
relation to others.
➢Provides them a lens through which they base
what is considered the ‘right way’ of doing things.
Material Dimension of Non Material Dimension
Culture of Culture
• Clothes • Interpretations of
• Music others behavior
• Food • Bases as what is right
or wrong
Ex: Belief, Religion,
Morality
WHAT IS SOCIETY?
➢It refers to a group of people living in a community.

▪ All societies have some form of subcultures
depending on geographical origin, religion, and
class.
“ Society is a web social
relationship, which is constantly
changing.”
- MacIver and Page

SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE
THE CONCEPT OF IDENTITY IS
RELATED TO:
1. Social change
2. Cultural change
3. Political change
In the year 1900s:
•Filipinos held its first elections
and only Filipino males could
vote and participate in politics.
•Later, Filipino women became
more educated and were
enlightened about their rights
particularly suffrage or right to
vote.
1930s:
•The campaign for women’s
suffrage gained ground.
The 1935 Constitution:
• The framers of this constitution allowed women to

vote by virtue of the law that was passed by the
National Assembly.
• The law mandated a plebiscite on the question of
Filipino women suffrage which required 300,000
votes to grant women the right to vote.
1937:
•The results of the plebiscite
yielded more than 400,000
votes in favor of women’s
suffrage.
•Suffragist movement is said
to be the precursor of
current rights that Filipino
women enjoy.
•It is also a good example
of how political and social
changes have
transformed Filipino
women’s identities.
•Rapidly advancing technology
also has profound implications for
sociocultural and political change.
• People know more
about what is
happening in the
world.
• Now, people across
the world are
becoming more similar
in tastes than they
were 50 years ago.
TRENDS THAT TRANSFORMED OVER TIME:
1. Clothing
2. Hair style
3. Fashion style
4. Food choices
FILIPINO WORKING ABROAD:
• 10% of the Philippine population is now abroad either as
temporary migrants or permanent immigrants.
• Some of their aspects of their beliefs and values may have
also changed.
• Because of perceived success, there is a high societal
expectation from them.
• Ex: Pasalubong
•They are regarded as modern day
heroes.
Positive effects Negative effects
• Filipino restaurants and • Transnational families most
groceries abound. esp. children no longer
• Filipino nurses abroad are identify with a household
known for their kindness whose members live in the
and care for patients esp. same house.
to the elderly. • They primarily interact with
each other through
internet and other social
media forms.
•These examples
manifest that
international migration
is creating social,
cultural, and political
changes both here
and abroad.
ANTHROPOLOGY,
SOCIOLOGY, AND POLITICAL
SCIENCE
• Social Sciences
➢It is where the disciplines under
which identity, culture, society,
and politics are studied.
➢It is comprised of a wide array of
academic disciplines that study
the overall functions of society as
well as the interactions among its
individual members and
institutions.
SOCIAL SCIENCES PROMINENT
DISCIPLINES:
1. Anthropology
2. Sociology
3. Political science
• Anthropology
➢Is the systematic study of
the biological, cultural,
and social aspects of
man.
➢It is derived from two
Greek words ANTHROPOS
w/c means MAN, and
LOGOS w/c means STUDY
or INQUIRY.
• Anthropology
➢It is a significant branch of
knowledge bec. it integrates
elements from the biological
sciences and humanities to
fully comprehend the
complex of human species,
including their past practices
and social patterns, across
diverse cultures.
RENOWNED ANTHROPOLOGISTS:
1. Edward Burnett Taylor

2. Franz Boas
3. Alfred Kroeber
4. Bronislaw Malinowski
5. Clifford Geertz
6. Margaret Mead
DIVERSE FIELDS OF STUDY AND AREAS OF
INTEREST AMONG ANTHROPOLOGISTS:
1. Social anthropology
2. Cultural anthropology
3. Linguistic anthropology
4. Biological or physical
anthropology
5. Archeology
• Social Anthropology
➢It studies how social patterns
and practices and cultural
variations develop across
different societies.
• Cultural Anthropology
➢Studies cultural variations across different
societies and examines the need to
understand each culture in its own context.
• Linguistic Anthropology
➢Studies language and discourse
and how they reflect and shape
different aspects of human
society and culture.
• Biological or Physical Anthropology

➢Studies the origins of humans as well as the
interplay bet. social factors and the processes of
human evolution, adaptation, and variation over
time.
• Archeology
➢Deals with
prehistoric
societies by
studying their
tools and
environment.
WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
➢As defined by Anthony Giddens, “it is the study of human
social life, groups, and society.”
➢It is an academic discipline that attempts to provide a
deeper assessment of individual and group behavior, as
well as the phenomena by examining the interplay
between economic, political, and social factors.
1. August Comte SOCIOLOGY HAS BEEN LARGELY
SHAPED BY THE WORKS OF:
2. Herbert Spencer
3. Karl Marx
4. Emile Durkheim
5. Max Weber
• By incorporating other methods and
knowledge from other academic disciplines,
sociologists examine and present new insights
and perspectives on the different elements
and aspects of society such as culture,
gender, race, ethnicity, social movements,
class and other forms of social stratification,
crime, and other organizations and institutions.
WHAT IS POLITICAL SCIENCE?
➢It is the systematic study of politics.
➢“The activity through which people make,
preserve, and amend the general rules under
which they live.” – Andrew Heywood
➢It focuses on the fundamental values of equality,
freedom, and justice and its processes are linked to
the dynamics of conflict, resolution, and
cooperation.
INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE IN THE
FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE:
1. Plato
2. Aristotle
3. Niccolo Machiavelli
4. Jean Jacques Rousseau
5. Baron de Montesquieu
6. Thomas Hobbes
7. John Lock
8. Karl Marx
IMPORTANCE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
➢Political scientists help us understand the nature
and characteristics of authority and power
distribution and how it shapes the way society is
organized.
➢It also analyze a wide array of topics including
systems of governance, political theories,
lawmaking process, political behavior and ethics,
policies, and their implications, political
organization, and electoral process.
AREAS OF INTEREST IN POLITICAL SCIENCE:
1. Public administration
➢Examines how the government functions and how
decisions and policies are made.
2. Political economy
➢Evaluates the interplay between economics, politics,
and law and its implications to various institutions w/in
society.
3. Comparative politics
➢Compares domestic politics and governance systems
across different sovereign states.
OTHER IMPORTANCE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
➢Analyze the fundamental concepts, theories, and
doctrines related to politics such as:
a. Power
b. Authority
c. Law
d. Justice
➢Though each of the social sciences focuses on a
particular subject and adheres to specific perspectives,
their views often overlap and complement one another.
➢In this sense, continuous discourse and exchange of
knowledge among the three disciplines are instrumental in
deepening the discussion of culture, society, and politics
toward a better understanding of the world around us.
REFERENCE
Atienza, M.E. et. al. (2016). Understanding Culture,

Society, and Politics. C&E Publishing, Inc.

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CHAPTER 1

➢It is the distinctive

➢It refers to a group of people living in a community.

- MacIver and Page

• The framers of this constitution allowed women to

1. Edward Burnett Taylor

• Biological or Physical Anthropology

Atienza, M.E. et. al. (2016). Understanding Culture,

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