Region VIII

Division of Eastern Samar

CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION ((Small Ruminants)

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: 11-ST. ANNE Date: ____________

School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Select and manage breeder goats and sheep (TLE_AFPA9-
12SM-Ia-e-1) Identify suitable and superior breeds of goats and sheep based on industry standard

A. EXPLORE
1. Have you ever heard about Saanen or the Philippine goat? What do you know about it.

B. LEARN
People from the Middle East and Africa to Latin America prefer chevon or goat meat to any
other veal-like meat around the world. They even trade their money for them to have these
various breeds of goats both for their milk and meat (Marid Agribusiness, 2006). In the
Philippines, there are six breeds that could thrive well in this tropical area, and these breeds
can reach their potentials as milk and meat source. This section discusses the reproductive
phenomena of goat - one of them is the detection of female in heat period. This part also
guides interested individuals on to how properly manage breeding and gestation periods. In
case when these breeders do not show any capacity to produce based on industry standards,
raisers should resort to culling in order to maintain the efficiency of the project. Likewise, other
practices such as housing the parent stock, feeding scheme and regular grooming are
explained here.

C. ENGAGE
Directions: Fill in the columns with specific breed under goat and sheep.
The different breed of ruminants are listed inside the box below. You may write your answer on
your activity notebook.
AngloNubian Priangan Shropshire Suffolk Toggenburg Alpine
Philippine Barbados Blackbelly Merino Native Goat Boer
Sheep Saanen

BREEDS OF GOAT BREEDS OF SHEEP

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

D. APPLY
1. What is the difference between “type” and “breed”?.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
2. What are the three types of goat?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
3. What are the types of sheep?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
E. Reference/s:
https://www.thespruce.com/goat-breeds-1238872
https://www.worldofwool.co.uk/apps/base/blog/sheep-breeds-and-their-characteristics
F. Answer Sheet( separate sheet)
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWER:
1. What is the difference between “type” and “breed”?
 Breed is defined as a stock of animals within species having a distinctive appearance and typically
having been developed by deliberate selection.
 Type refers to a group of animals with certain characteristics to distinguish them from the other.
 Type determines which is to be raised for a certain purpose.
2. What are the three types of goat?
 They are the meat type, dairy type, and dual purpose type. o
3. What are the types of sheep?
 They are hair type, wool type and meat type
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: _________________ Date:

____________
School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Select and manage breeder goats and sheep (TLE_AFPA9-
12SM-Ia-e-1) Feed bucks and rams

A. EXPLORE
1. What is the meaning of feeding?

B. LEARN
Directions: Write T if the statement is correct and O if wrong and write it on your activity notebook.
1. The feeding of buck should be given special attention during breeding season. Answer: T
2. Monggo and copra meal are best sources of carbohydrates for bucks. Answer: O
3. Peanut hay is an example of leguminous vines that a buck can feed on. Answer: T
4. Giving one good brushing per week is good to goats. Answer: T
5. Culling is the process of eliminating undesirable and unproductive animals in the herd.
Answer: T
6. Culled animals should be retained in the project. Answer: O
7. Does/ewes that do not settle in spite of repeated mating with a proven buck should be
culled. Answer: T
8. Breeders with deformities should be recommended for culling. Answer: T
9. Does/ewes that have difficulty in kidding will be given a chance to stay in the herd.
Answer: O
10. Prolapse uterus in does/ewes is a good reason for culling. Answer: T

C. ENGAGE

Directions: Enumerate some undesirable traits of breeder animals recommended for culling.
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

D. APPLY
1. Why is feeding essential to breeding buck during breeding season?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________

E. Reference/s:
http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/sheepgoat/Feeding%20Management%20of%20Sheep
%20and%20Goats.html
F. Answer Sheet( separate sheet)
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWER:

1. Why is feeding essential to breeding buck during breeding season?

 Feeding is essential to buck during breeding season because the vitality and vigor during
this period is drained.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: _____________Date: ____________

School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Select and manage breeder goats and sheep (TLE_AFPA9-
12SM-Ia-e-1) Perform regular grooming

A. EXPLORE
1. Define grooming.

B. LEARN

How to Groom Your Goats

Brushing: Brushing removes dandruff and loose hair that some goats get and increases
blood flow — improving the health of the skin and coat. It also gives you an opportunity to check
for any signs of illness or disease, such as a lump, swelling, or other abnormality.

Bathing: You don’t have to bathe goats, but doing so helps remove the lice, makes clipping
easier, and keeps your clipper blades sharp for a longer time. Goats prefer to be washed with
warm water but will survive the inevitable cold water that is all most of us have available. Use a
goat or animal shampoo.

Clipping: An annual clipping is a good idea for all goats. Shorter hair helps goats stay
cooler and allows sunlight to reach their skin, which drives away lice and other critters. Choose
a day after the cold weather is expected to be over.
Two areas that most people clip more frequently are the tail area prior to kidding and the udder
during milking season:
 Tail to kid: Before, during, and after kidding, blood and fluids stick to the goat’s tail and
the coat around the tail. Clip up the sides of the tail, across the end of the tail to make a
short little brush, and around the vulva area and inside top of the back legs.
 Udder: Removing hair from the belly and udder makes the udder easier to clean before
milking and prevents hairs from falling into the milk.
Trimming hooves: Keeping a goat’s hooves trimmed is one of the easiest, least expensive,
and most important parts of goat care. Regular trimming takes very little time and cuts down on
health care expenses in the long term.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

C. ENGAGE

Directions: Answer or do the following questions/activities

1. Do goats need to be shaved?
2. How often should you wash your goat?

D. APPLY
1. How is grooming done to breeder bucks?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________
2. Reference/s:
https://www.dummies.com/home-garden/hobby-farming/raising-goats/how-to-groom-your-goats/
3. Answer Sheet( separate sheet)
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWER:

1. How is grooming done to breeder bucks?

 Grooming the buck is done through clipping its hair, washing its face with soap and
water, and brushing its hair once a week. Proper grooming adds comfort, health, and
good appearance, reduces odor and controls lice infestation.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: ____________ Date: ____________

School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Select and manage breeder goats and sheep (TLE_AFPA9-
12SM-Ia-e-1) Detect signs of heat among sexually mature does and ewes

A. EXPLORE

Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letter to form a word that is being asked in each item. Write
the correct word on the space provided at the end of each statement.
1. BEPURTY – This is the period of sexual maturity. __________ .
2. SUERTS CLYEC – The period intervening between two successive heat periods in the
absence of conception. __________.
3. ROSEUST – It is the period when doe shows interest to a buck and allows the animal to
mount her. _______.
4. NOVUATIOL – The shedding of the eggs from the ovary after the onset of their estrous.
________.
5. STATIONGE – It is also termed as pregnancy period or the period intervening between
conceptions and kidding. ________.

B. LEARN
Reproductive parameters of sheep and goat

Estrous period is repeated every 16-17 days on average in ewes (range 14-

19 days). Estrous period is 19-21 days in does (range 17-24 days). The estrous
period lasts for about 24-36 hours in ewes and 34-38 hours in does.

C. ENGAGE
1. How long does a goat stay in heat?
2. How many times a year can a goat get pregnant?

D. APPLY
1. What are the sign of a heat goat and sheep?
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

E. Reference/s:
http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/sheepgoat/Breeding%20Management%20of%20Sheep
%20and%20Goat.html#:~:text=Reproductive%20parameters%20of%20sheep%20and%20goat&text=Estrous
%20period%20is%20repeated%20every,34%2D38%20hours%20in%20does.

F. Answer Sheet ( separate sheet)

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

1. What are the sign of a heat goat and sheep?

 Redden of the vulva and discharge from vulva

 Tail wagging
 Mounting other animal
 Seeking male
 Frequent bleating
 Push her back
 Standing for mating (standing reflex)
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: _____________Date: ____________

School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Select and manage breeder goats and sheep (TLE_AFPA9-
12SM-Ia-e-1) Mate breeder does and ewes with genetically superior rams/bucks

A. EXPLORE
1. Can sheep breed with their siblings?
2. Can you keep rams with ewes?
B. LEARN
Starting with the premise that production is equal to reproduction, sheep and goat producers must
control the reproduction of their flocks and herds. Because reproductive traits are only slowly improved
through genetic selection, producers must manage what factors they can control: age, environment, and
nutrition. •
 Carefully watching for first estrus, or puberty, in ewe lambs and doelings is the first of these
considerations.
 Be aware of weather extremes during all reproductive stages. Every member of the flock or
herd requires some protection from weather extremes, especially in the hot, humid summer
months.
 Monitor body condition, an important factor that producers can control. Body condition in
ewes, does, ewe lambs, and doelings influences puberty, conception rate, and the health and
vigor of newborn lambs and kids.
 Remember that older ewes and does have different body condition needs than ewe lambs and
doelings, which are still growing. Feeding the bred ewe lamb and doeling is feeding a
developing fetus as well. The body condition and lambing and kidding performance of a ewe
lamb or doeling will have a major effect on subsequent reproductive performance.
 Pay special attention to the pregnancy itself, which is probably more important to the average
sheep and goat producer than the physiology of conception. Don’t allow the ewe or doe to lose
weight while pregnant. Lack of proper nutrition during the last trimester when the lamb or kid
is gaining up to 60 to 70 percent of its growth reduces the birth weight and the prospects for
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

survival. Poor nutrition also reduces the level of milk production, thus reducing weaning
weight.
C. ENGAGE
Directions: Answer or do the following questions/activities
1. Are twin lambs infertile?
2. How many ewes can a ram service in a day?

D. APPLY
1. What are the systems of breeding under natural mating? Discuss the two briefly.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________
2. Define artificial insemination.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________
E. Reference/s:
http://www.goats4h.com/AI.html

F. Answer Sheet ( separate sheet)

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWER:
1. What are the systems of breeding under natural mating? Discuss the two briefly.
 Hand mating - It is the system where an “in-heat doe” is brought to the buck or
the buck is brought to the doe and mate.
 Pasture mating – it is the system where breeding naturally occurs in the pasture
because the buck is permitted to run with the herd throughout the year. o
2. Define artificial insemination.
 Artificial Insemination is a reproductive technology in which the semen is
collected from bucks and then used in fresh or frozen form to breed does through
artificial means.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: _________________ Date:

____________
School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Select and manage breeder goats and sheep (TLE_AFPA9-
12SM-Ia-e-1) Diagnose/confirm pregnant animals

A. EXPLORE

Several techniques for pregnancy diagnosis in goats are developed. Some of them
are efficient and applicable in the field, but not enough accurate. Others are outlined with a
high precision, but require equipment and specialised skills. Laparoscopy, laparotomy and
vaginal biopsy are accurate but invasive and thus, inappropriate for the routine practice.
Abdominal inspection, transabdominal palpation and increased live weight could be
indicative for pregnancy in goats but they are reliable only after the second half of gestation.
Udder examination and palpation are of low accuracy and their independent application for
pregnancy diagnosis is not suitable. Blood, milk and faecal progesterone assays could
indicate pregnancy in goats after the 21st post insemination day until the end of gestation.
The detection of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in blood plasma or milk
samples is an early pregnancy marker but requires laboratory equipment. Non-return to
oestrus is a cheap, practical and widely used method for detection of pregnancy between
post insemination days 17 and 21 and does without signs of oestrus are assumed to be
pregnant. A-mode, B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography are alternative methods for
pregnancy diagnosis. Their accuracy and practical application potential are different. The
two-dimensional ultrasound is one of the most appropriate methods for pregnancy diagnosis
in goats. The accuracy of the method is about 100% on post insemination day 25–30 using
the transrectal approach, whereas via the transabdominal approach, this accuracy is
attained between the 40th and the 45th day.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

B. LEARN

ULTRASONOGRAPHY as a method for monitoring of the reproduction status in small

ruminants is becoming increasingly important and popular (Medan & Abd ElAty, 2010;
Erdogan, 2012). Now, Аmode, В-mode and Doppler ultrasound equipment is used for
pregnancy diagnosis in goats. Their accuracy and usefulness under field conditions is various
(Goel & Agrawal, 1992; Ishwar, 1995)

o А-mode ultrasonography The early attempts of using ultrasound in animal reproduction are
associated with type A (amplitude-depth) ultrasound equipment (Medan & Abd El-Aty,
2010).

o Doppler ultrasonography Doppler ultrasound scanners detect pregnancy through

investigation of blood circulation in the median uterine artery, umbilical artery and foetal
heartbeats (Ott et al., 1981; Wani et al., 2003).
o В-mode (brightness) real-time ultrasonography In veterinary practice, ultrasonography was
introduced in the 1980s for diagnosis of pregnancy at the earliest gestational stage
(Buckrell et al., 1988; Davey, 1986; Haibel, 1990).

C. ENGAGE

Directions: Answer or do the following questions/activities

1. How do you check a goat for pregnancy?
2. How many times a year can a goat get pregnant?

D. APPLY
1. Which method is most commonly used to diagnose pregnancy in the goat?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________

E. Reference/s:
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/092144889500644Z
F. Answer Sheet( separate sheet)

ANSWER:
1. Which method is most commonly used to diagnose pregnancy in the goat?
 Pregnancy Determination in Goats. Pregnancy determination can be performed using
real-time ultrasonography and is very accurate with a skilled operator. Transabdominal
ultrasound is quick and reliable and can detect pregnancy as early as 25 days, with
the fetal heart beat detectable by day 27.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: _________________ Date:

____________
School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Select and manage breeder goats and sheep (TLE_AFPA9-
12SM-Ia-e-1) Cull unproductive buck/ram and does/ewes

A. EXPLORE
1. What can you notice to the picture below?

B. LEARN

Culling is one of the tools that should be implemented to increase the efficiency of the sheep
flock. But what criteria should a producer use to base their culling decision? The following are
guidelines for culling the sheep flock.

1) Open ewes
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Open ewes are the greatest contributor to low weaning percentages and are costly in
terms of feed, labor, and management.

2) Health Issues

Health issues can be a large drain on time, labor, and resources. Such health
issues as chronic foot rot and foot scald make management of the flock more
difficult. Sheep that are limping from foot rot and foot scald perform poorly and
should be culled from the flock. Mastitis is another health issue which causes
damage to the udder and causes low milk production. Also check eyes for cloudiness
or other issues that may cause vision problems.

3) Non-functional or unsound ewes

These ewes create management difficulty because they generally cannot produce
enough milk to maintain the nutritional needs of their lamb(s), thereby creating a
need to orphan or bottle feed the lamb(s) so they can survive until weaning

4) Late lambing ewes

Late lambing ewes are the fourth potential culling criteria. As a producer, you will
need to look at your lambing distribution during the lambing season and identify
those ewes that lamb during the third, fourth, or later lambing cycles.

5) Old ewes

A fifth potential reason for culling a ewe is age. You should not automatically cull a
ewe that is 6 years of age, but you should consider if she can effectively make it
through another year. Consider things such as maintenance, breeding, lambing,
and lactation. Ewes need to be culled while they still have a cull value, because
dead ewes have no value.
6) Poor production records

Based on your records and performance data of your flock, cull ewes most likely
produce poor quality lambs with lower than average production/growth traits such
as weaning weights. Use multiplicative genetic adjustment factors (60-day, 90-day,
and 120-day weights) to determine the productivity of a ewe.

7) Disposition
Culling an animal for poor disposition is often over looked, however, this practice
can save a lot of stress down the road on your shepherd. Ewes that are difficult to
maintain in a grazing situation, run through temporary fence, jump gates, etc.
should not be maintained in the flock.

C. ENGAGE
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Directions: Answer or do the following questions/activities:

1. Why culling is important in small ruminant’s raiser?
2. What are the key factors in culling ram and bucks?

D. APPLY

1. What is culling?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________

E. Reference/s:
https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/livestock/sheep/
breeding-genetics/managing-rams/culling
F. Answer Sheet ( separate sheet)
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWER

1. What is culling?

 Culling is the process of eliminating undesirable and unproductive animals in the

herd.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: _________________ Date:

____________
School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Select and manage breeder goats and sheep (TLE_AFPA9-
12SM-Ia-e-1) Detect signs of pre-heat, standing heat, post-heat

A. EXPLORE

1. What can you notice to this image below?

B. LEARN
Signs of Heat or Estrus Period Detecting in-heat female animals is a critical job for
goats/sheep raisers. He should be alert on the heat cycle of each female animal and sharply
observe on the signs of heat or estrous that manifest among breeder does. Proper detection is
effective in artificial insemination and hand mating, thus positively give a high conception rate.
Compare to doe, it is difficult to detect ewe in-heat when it is separated from the rams.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Estrus behavior is reduce when ewe do not see, smell or hear the ram.

Signs of Estrus in Sheep 
 Nervous/excited behavior, 
 walking fences 
 Shaking of the tail 
 “Ruttish” behavior around  rams – will seek rams out, rub  necks or bodies against them 
 Slightly swollen vulva 

Signs of Estrus in Goats 
 Standing to be mounted by  herd mates 
 Flagging (rapid tail wagging) 
 Attempting to mount other  goats 
 Excited behavior, walking  fences 
 Clear, mucous discharge from  vulva 
 A swollen, red or wet vulva

C. ENGAGE
Directions: Answer or do the following questions/activities:

1. What does it mean when animals go into heat?

2. What are the signs of estrus?

D. APPLY
1. What are the signs of heat in sheep?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________
2. What are the signs of heat in goat?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________

E. Reference/s:
https://www.uidaho.edu/-/media/UIdaho-Responsive/Files/Extension/4-H/Animal-Science-Lesson-
Plans/Reproduction-Heat-Detection-L2-MSmall-ALL.pdf?
la=en&hash=412628444A0A73D7EDF535E1E2C5D1213E9998AB
F. Answer Sheet ( separate sheet)
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWERS:
1. Signs of Estrus in Sheep 
 Nervous/excited behavior, 
 walking fences 
 Shaking of the tail 
 “Ruttish” behavior around  rams – will seek rams out, rub  necks or bodies against them 
 Slightly swollen vulva 

2. Signs of Estrus in Goats 
 Standing to be mounted by  herd mates 
 Flagging (rapid tail wagging) 
 Attempting to mount other  goats 
 Excited behavior, walking  fences 
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: _________________ Date:

____________
School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Select and manage breeder goats and sheep (TLE_AFPA9-
12SM-Ia-e-1) House breeder buck/rams and does/ewes

A. EXPLORE

In the absence of breeding values and data in the form of farm records, visual
selection remains the only method for selecting breeding bucks. It is a popular saying that
a breeding male is ‘half the herd’. The genetic improvement in any herd or flock depends
upon the kind of male you select and in light of which, the following tips can help you in
choosing the right breeding male for your flock. Before reading the article, let us understand the
terms buck and ram.

B. LEARN

Tips for selecting breeding bucks and rams

 The buck/ram should be big, well-developed with broad back, good length and depth of the
body, good rib cage and muscular hind and forequarters with good conformation.
 The health of the breeding animal is of prime importance. The breeding male should not
show any symptoms of disease. Animals with bad breath should not be selected as they
may have problem in teeth which may later reflect in their libido.
 The buck/ram with 1 to 2 years of age should be selected for breeding. The age of the
breeding male can be determined by examining the teeth. The buck/ram with central pair of
permanent incisors signifies that the animal’s age is one year. If there will be two pairs of
incisors, it signifies that animal’s age is two years.
 Both the testes should be present with no pathological changes. Although, the cryptorchid
buck/ram with single testes can also mate but always select an animal with both the testes
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

descended in the scrotum. Well placed epididymis on the ventral aspect of testes with no
pathological changes confirms normal physiology of reproduction.
 The testicles should have a firm consistency, elasticity at palpation, good mobility in the
scrotal sac, and be oval-shaped. Adult bucks should present a scrotal circumference of
25 cm in average and it should be 30 cm for rams.
 Check the body weight of the breeding male. Buck/ram with more than 30kg body weight
should be selected for mating. In any case the animal should not be less than 25kg.
 The chest girth of the buck/ram should be optimum. The chest should not be
narrow. During mating, the chest rest on the female which provides male with a stable
posture during mating.
 The legs of the buck/ram should be long but it should be taken care that the body should not
be narrow. Long legs help in mounting and better gripping of female. Further, the legs
should be set under the body and not out at sides.
 The breed characters should be checked before putting the buck/ram for mating. A breeder
must have the knowledge of characteristic breed characters and it is advisable to put
pure bred bucks/rams for mating. Cross breeding can be done for improving the non-
descript livestock.
 he hooves of the animal should be checked for any pathological change. Bucks/rams with
perfectly placed hooves with intact hoof walls should be selected for mating. The toes
should face forward and should not be splitted.
 The gait of the buck/ram should also be observed along with the response to stimuli. Always
select active and alert males for mating. Limb deformities, laminitis, arthritis, etc. leads to
loss of libido and animals do not mate readily.
 A buck/ram must be dominant and display mating behavior, including a good libido or
sexual interest throughout the breeding season in the presence of a doe/ewe in heat to
effectively present a good serving capacity.
 Bucks/rams must not present abnormality of the mouth such as an undershot or
overshot jaw. The length of the upper and lower jaw should be equal, with the lower teeth
touching the superior dental pad. Mouth malformation will provoke bad bites. Buck/ram will
not be able to eat efficiently and this trait can be transmitted to the offspring.
 In case of rams selected for wool production, rams that have excessive wrinkles should
not be selected for breeding. White-wooled sheep should be free from colored fibers.
Fleeces should be dense and free from kemp and medulated fibers.
 Buck/ram should not be kept for breeding for more than 3 years and replace the buck
before years, so that inbreeding can be prevented.
 The maximum age limit for breeding buck/ram is 8 years approximately and it
should be culled thereafter.

C. ENGAGE
Directions: Answer or do the following questions/activities:
1. Why we should select good breeder buck/ram?
2. Define breeder, buck, and ram.

D. APPLY
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

1. What are the factors to consider in selecting buck/ram?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________

E. Reference/s:
https://www.mla.com.au/globalassets/mla-corporate/generic/extension-training-and-tools/
gig_module-5_web.pdf
F. Answer Sheet ( separate sheet)
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWER:

Typical traits that goat producers are aiming for in their selection and breeding program
include:
 Growth rate
 Conformation such as feet, udder and jaw
 Frame size
 Carcase and meat characteristics
 Fertility and fecundity
 Ease of kidding
 Mothering ability
 Temperament
 Fibre characteristics
 Milk production
 Physical characteristics such as skin colour
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)
GRADE -11

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: 11-ST. ANNE Date: ____________

School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Manage does/ewes and their progenies (TLE_AFPA9-12SM-
If-j-2) Monitor signs of approaching kidding/lambing

A. EXPLORE
1. Based on the picture below, how will you observe?

B. LEARN

1. What is kidding?
 It is an act of giving birth to a young among goats. o
2. How do you prepare a kidding pen for the doe which is about to kid?
 Prior to the expected date to deliver the young, provide the pregnant doe a comfortable
kidding pen. This should be cleaned thoroughly, disinfected, and well-lighted.
3. What is colostrum?
 It is the first milk of the mother goat and functions both as laxative and internal antiseptic for
the newborn kid.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

C. ENGAGE
Directions. Identify the word being asked in each item. Choose the right word inside the box below and
write it on your activity notebook.

lambing amniotic bladder water bag amniotic bladder

colostrum dried banana leaves oxytocin

D. APPLY
1. what are the signs of approaching kidding/lambing?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
____________________________________

E. Reference/s:
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1711&context=extension_curall

F. Answer Sheet( separate sheet)

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWER:

1. what are the signs of approaching kidding/lambing?

 Uneasiness
 Kicking at the belly with the hind hooves
 Pawing the ground (Nesting) similar to building a nest area
 Laying down and getting up frequently in an attempt to get comfortable
 Frequent attempts to urinate
 Some vaginal discharge and obvious uterine contractions may or may not be seen
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: 11-ST. ANNE Date: ____________

School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Manage does/ewes and their progenies (TLE_AFPA9-12SM-
If-j-2) Dispose placenta and dead kids/lambs properly, Assist kids/lambs to suckle colostrum

A. EXPLORE

Based on the picture below, how will you observe?

B. LEARN
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

The lambing process

The lambing process has evolved over thousands of years and most ewes will lamb normally
without any trouble or need for assistance. However, understanding the lambing process can help
you understand when a ewe is ready to give birth and when it may be necessary to lend a helping
hand.

The whole lambing process is controlled by a complex series of hormonal changes. It is the lamb
who decides when it is time to be born. When a ewe is getting ready to deliver her lambs, she may
not eat. Her udder and teats will be distended. Her vulva will be dilated. She will appear a bit hollow
just in front of her hips, and she'll be not as wide and full over the rump, because the musculature
there will have relaxed. The process sometimes appears "confusing" to first-time mothers,
especially yearlings.

Lambing

Lambing is divided into several phases. In the first phase, the cervix dilates and the birth canal is
prepared for delivery. This phase lasts for approximately 12 to 24 hours. At the end of this phase, a
clear-whitish discharge will appear. The presence of the mucous discharge means that lambing has
begun. In the next phase, uterine contractions will increase.

As labor progresses, the ewe will spend more time lying down on her side with her head turned in
the air. Eventually, a large "bubble" or water bag will appear, break, and expel the water. At this
time, the tip of the nose and front feet of the lamb can be felt. The lamb is expelled. As ewes often
have multiple births, the same sequence of the rupture of the water bag and expulsion of the lamb
will be repeated for the delivery of each lamb. Ewes will vary in the time taken to complete lambing.

The last stage of lambing includes the expulsion of the afterbirth or placenta. The placenta is
usually expelled 30 to 60 mintues after the delivery of the last lamb. If the placenta is not expelled
after 24 hours, there may be a problem. The ewe will eat the placenta because her instincts tell her
to hide evidence of lambing to protect her offspring from predators. The placenta should be
discarded to prevent the spread of disease and scavenging by dogs.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

© Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1999.

Dystocia: assisting with difficult births

Dystocia (or difficult births) is one of the leading causes of newborn lamb death. A New Zealand
study showed that dystocia accounted for about 50 percent of deaths among newborn lambs. There
can be many causes of dystocia in a flock:

1) Abortion
2) Disproportionate size of the ewe and lamb
3) Malpresentation of the fetus
4) Failure of the cervix to dilate
5) Vaginal prolapse
6) Deformed lamb

One of the most difficult aspects of shepherding is knowing when and how to assist a ewe during
lambing and when to call for help. It is generally recommended that if a ewe has been straining for
over an hour and has nothing to show for it, it is time to check things out. Before entering a ewe, be
sure to remove watches, rings, and other jewelry. Wash your hands in warm, soapy water and
clean backside of the ewe.

Gloves or sleeves should be worn during the examination. Coat your hand up to your elbow with a
non-irritating lubricant. The liberal use of a lubricant cannot be overemphasized. Bunch your fingers
and thumb into a cone shape and insert them into the ewe's vagina. If the cervix is open, you
should feel the lamb's nose. Next, you need to determine where the lamb's front legs are. If the
presentation is normal, the ewe should be able to deliver the lamb on her own, unless it is too big
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

for her pelvic opening.

You should not keep pulling your hand in and out of the ewe and should not change hands without
washing again. Getting the ewe to stand up or elevating her hindquarters will allow more room for
repositioning and result in less vigorous straining. If you have worked for a half hour with no
progress, it is a good idea to call a veterinarian or a more experienced shepherd. Excessive stress
in pulling and delayed delivery can result in a dead lamb and serious injury to the ewe.

A live lamb will assist to some extent with its own birth. There is never enough room in the birth
canal to correctly position a lamb. The lamb must be returned to the uterus before any corrections
can be made. You should not attempt to deliver a lamb when the birth canal is only partially dilated.
This can seriously damage the ewe. After all deliveries, check to make sure that there are no other
lambs remaining in the uterus. After any assisted delivery, you should give the ewe an injection of a
long-acting antibiotic.

Normal presentation
Normal delivery is when the two front feet appear with the head resting between them. Rarely is any
assistance needed. However, a small ewe may have trouble delivery a very large lamb. In this
case, gentle assistance may be needed. You should pull the lamb downward during her
contractions.

Backwards
A backwards (hind legs first) delivery is also a normal delivery. It is common with twins and triplets.
You should never attempt to convert a backwards delivery to a "normal" frontwards delivery.
Turning a lamb around can result in death of the lamb or damage to the uterus. Plus, it is not
necessary.

Elbow lock
An elbow lock is a "normal" position except the lamb's elbows are locked in the birth canal. You will
need to push the lamb slightly back into the birth canal to extend the legs.

Leg(s) back
If one or both legs are back, you need to cup the lamb's hooves in your palm and bring them
forward. A small lamb may be pulled with one leg back. If you are not able to bring the legs forward,
you should slip a lambing rope onto one or both limbs and push the head back far enough to allow
the legs to be drawn forward.

Head back
If the front legs are forward, but the head is back, you will need to push the lamb back into the
uterus, so you can turn the head around. You should attach a lambing rope to each leg so you don't
lose them. The lamb should not be pulled out by the jaw. A lamb with a broken jaw cannot suck and
will likely die. You can use the eye sockets to pull the lamb's head.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Disproportionate size (tight birth)

Many lambing difficulties are due to the disproportionate size of the lamb and ewe. This can be the
result of a large lamb, a small pelvic opening, or both. It is most common with young ewes and
flocks that have a majority of single births. Lubrication and gentle, but firm assistance will usually
alleviate the problem. You may have to pull the skin over the head. Extending one leg at time may
also help.

Breech
A "true" breech birth is when the lamb is positioned backwards, with the rear legs tucked under and
only the tail near the opening. A breech birth is common when the ewe has been straining for a long
time and there is very little discharge and only a small water bag.

To deliver a breech lamb, the first thing you have to do is bring the rear legs forward by cupping the
fetlocks in your palm. Once the rear legs are forward, you need to quickly deliver the lamb because
once the umbilical cord breaks, the lamb will begin breathing and could risk drowning in its own
fluids.

Swollen head
If the head has been outside the vulva for a long time, it may have become very swollen. The
tongue may be sticking out. While it may appear cold and dead, a lamb can survive for long periods
of time in this position. If the head is covered with straw and feces, it will need to be washed before
being returned to the uterus. Plenty of lubricant should be used. Margarine is an excellent lubricant
for this purpose. If the lamb is dead, it is often easier to remove the head.

Simultaneous births
Sometimes, lambs are presented with their legs intertwined. Before attempting to deliver these
lambs, you need to determine which legs belong to which head. It may be necessary to repel one
lamb to allow easy delivery of the other. Ewes carrying triplets often have a higher percent of
malpresented lambs, so flocks with high lambing rates require closer supervision during lambing.

Dead and deformed lambs

The removal of delivery dead and deformed lambs often requires veterinary assistance. Deformed
lambs often cannot pass through the birth canal. If a lamb is freshly dead, it may be possible to
extract it, but lambs that have been dead for some time often must be removed in pieces.

If your flock experiences excessive lambing problems, you need to consider your breeding and
nutrition problems. For example, a lot of oversized lambs could mean you are overfeeding you
ewes during late pregnancy or using too large of a sire breed on your ewes. In addition, ewe lambs
should not be bred until they have developed sufficiently. The rule of thumb is not to breed ewe
lambs unless they have achieved approximately 70 percent of the mature weight.

Ringwomb
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Failure of the cervix to dilate is called "ringwomb." It is one of the most difficult lambing problems to
deal with. True ringwomb does not usually repsond to any medical treatment or to manipulation of
the cervix. A caesarian section is usually the only viable option to save the ewe and/or lambs.

Ewes experiencing ringwomb should probably be removed from the flock. Ringwomb occurs most
commonly in ewe lambs. Selenium deficiency is considered to be a contributing factor, but the
condition is not fully understood. Its exact cause is unknown, though it is believed to have a genetic
component.

After Lambing

After a normal lambing, the ewe can usually take care of her newborn lambs. It is best
not to interfere. In unusual cases, it may be necessary to wipe the mucous from the
lamb's nostrils to permit breathing. You'll want to make sure that the ewe claims each of
her lambs and allows them to nurse. A vigorous lamb will get up and nurse within a half
hour to an hour after birth. Make sure each lamb gets colostrum, the first milk produced
after lambing.

C. ENGAGE

Directions: Answer or do the following questions/activities:

1. What percentage of lambs die?
2. Why do sheep eat their placenta?
E. APPLY
a. What causes lambs to be born dead?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________

F. Reference/s:
https://www.google.com/search?
q=dead+placenta+for+lamb&source=lmns&bih=545&biw=1242&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirlYDP6s7s
AhU4xYsBHf2rBfIQ_AUoAHoECAEQAA
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

G. Answer Sheet( separate sheet)

ANSWER:
1. Abortion/Stillborn Lambs

Abortions and stillborn lambs are usually caused by an infection like toxoplasmosis,

vibriosis, chlamy diosis or leptospirosis. Lambs may also be born weak and die shortly after
birth as a result of these infec tions. Infections are often a result of poor farm hygiene or
poor biosecurity.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)
GRADE -11

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: 11-ST. ANNE Date: ____________

School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Manage does/ewes and their progenies (TLE_AFPA9-12SM-
If-j-2) Identify kids/lambs through ear tags/notches
A. EXPLORE
Based on the picture below, how will you observe?
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

B. LEARN

Care and Management Practices for Growing Kids/Lambs

Small ruminants are easy to raise because of their size, yet they must be managed to
attain their potentials and produce profitably. Before any care practice is provided, be
sure that all tools and instruments to be used are cleaned and disinfected.
1. Marking/Identification
Each goat of the herd, when purchased or born into your herd, should be
permanently marked for some reasons:
o To identify ownership.
o To distinguish animals of the herd for record-keeping purposes.
o To facilitate easy selection, medication, segregation, culling and disposal.

There are two modes of marking the goats: ear tagging and ear notching.

 Ear tagging – entails placing a marker into the ear. This ear tag is usually
made up of plastic or light metal and is pre-numbered before it is placed
into the ear.

Ear tag at the middle of the ears

 Ear notching is accomplished by providing a v-shaped cut on the edge of
the ear by using an ear notcher. Each cut represents a number as
indicated in the ear notching code.
Hundreds Thousands
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Tens Ones

Ear Notching Code

C. ENGAGE
Directions. Identify the word being asked in each item. Choose the right word inside the box below and
write it on your activity notebook.

marking identification Ear notching

notcher segregation medication

D. APPLY
1. What are two modes of marking the goats?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________

E. Reference/s:
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1711&context=extension_curall

F. Answer Sheet( separate sheet)

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWER:
 1. Ear tagging – entails placing a marker into the ear. This ear tag is
usually made up of plastic or light metal and is pre-numbered before it is
placed into the ear.

 2. Ear notching is accomplished by providing a v-shaped cut on the edge

of the ear by using an ear notcher. Each cut represents a number as
indicated in the ear notching code.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)
GRADE -11

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: 11-ST. ANNE Date: ____________

School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Manage does/ewes and their progenies (TLE_AFPA9-12SM-
If-j-2) Disbud growing kids/lambs appropriately, Dehorn and castrate growing small ruminants
A. EXPLORE
Based on the picture below, how will you observe?
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

B. LEARN

Disbudding

This process refers to the removal of horn-buds on kid as raiser decides to allow the animal
to be hornless as it grows. The kid may be disbudded using the following method. It is advised to
beginners that these be done by experienced hand since neither of the two method is easy.
A. Chemical Method (potassium hydroxide
stick or caustic stick) – this is used only in 2-week
old kids.
Steps:
a. Wrap the caustic stick with paper to
protect hand from burn.
b. Restrain the animal properly
to lessen stress.
c. Clip the hair around the base of the
horn-bud.
d. Apply Vaseline on the
clipped area. This prevents the
chemical from flowing down the eyes
or burning the skin.
e. Hold the pre-wrapped stick and dip one end tip in water.
f. Apply the stick into one of the horn-buds in circular motion, about 2.5 cm in diameter
until the horn tissue is burned-off. Do the same thing on the other horn-bud.
g. After the process, rub ample amount of Vaseline to sooth the burnt spot and down
the side of the head.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

B. Hot-iron cautery Method Steps:

a. Heat the disbudding iron to a bright cherry-red.
b. Restrain the animals properly and firmly to avoid
unnecessary burning.
c. Clip the hair around the base of the horn-bud.
d. Hold the pre-heat disbudding iron and apply it exactly over the hornbud. Let it stay
on the area for six seconds-no more, no less. Do the same on the other bud.
e. The iron may be reheated once or twice for each horn until they have disappeared
completely.
f. Cover the burnt area with Vaseline.

Dehorning
It is a process of removing horn among adult or mature animals since horned
animals could possibly harm other animals during goat fighting as well as caretakers. This
can be done on the first 2 to 4 months of age from birth. The procedure is a risky operation,
so it is wise to consult a veterinarian or expert especially on the administration of
anesthesia.
Steps:
a. Heat the disbudding iron.
b. Restrain the animal properly.
c. Administer anesthesia.
d. Use a dehorning instrument or a small-toothed sharp saw to cut the horn.
e. Saw-off the horn very close the base.
f. Cauterize the wound using the pre-heated disbudding iron to prevent excessive
bleeding.
g. If profuse bleeding occurs, dust the wound with iron sulfate until blood flow stops.
C. ENGAGE
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Directions. Identify the word being asked in each item. Choose the right word inside the box below and
write it on your activity notebook.

anesthesia Sharp saw sulfate

horn potassium hydroxide operation

D. APPLY
a. Differentiate dehorning from disbudding?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________

E. Reference/s:
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1711&context=extension_curall

F. Answer Sheet( separate sheet)

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWER:

Disbudding
This process refers to the removal of horn-buds on kid as raiser decides to allow the
animal to be hornless as it grows
Dehorning
It is a process of removing horn among adult or mature animals since horned
animals could possibly harm other animals during goat fighting as well as caretakers.
This can be done on the first 2 to 4 months of age from birth.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Small Ruminants)
GRADE -11

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: 11-ST. ANNE Date: ____________

School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): Manage does/ewes and their progenies (TLE_AFPA9-12SM-
If-j-2) Keep lactating goats and sheep in a clean and quite environment, Separate lactating goats
from the breeder males
A. EXPLORE
1. Based on the picture below, how will you observe?
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

B. LEARN

Feeding the doe/ewes

Roughage is the main feed for these animals. Pasture and good-quality legume or grass-legume
hay are used for this purpose. One of these legumes is Centrosema. Guinea and Paragrass are
also good for the does. Silage may be used in place of hay. Corn grain and sorghum are commonly
used as concentrates. Protein supplements are not needed if good quality legume pasture or hay is
available. If needed, protein supplements to use include soybean oil meal, cotton seed meal,
linseed meal, and peanut meal.

Feeding Lactating Doe

Forage alone cannot increase milk production among lactating does. For milk production,
the does should be fed with good quality forage and concentrates containing 16–20% crude protein
at the rate of about 0.5 kilograms per liter of milk produced. Enough vitamin-minerals and salt are
indispensable in their ration.

Care of Lactating Does

Keep lactating goats in a quiet environment before and during milking. Noise and the sight of
strangers could cause extreme excitement that may adversely affect milk ejection.
Clip hair in the udder regularly. This prevents contamination of the milk during milking.
To get the best milking results, the following are important points to consider:
•quietness
•gentleness
•regularity of milking process
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

During milking, provide concentrate to minimize distraction/extreme excitement of the doe

during the course of milk ejection.

Preparing the doe before milking

•To make the milking process easier, provide a milking stand or goat holder. A goat X – holder is
used when milking goat in a squatting position. Use bamboo in making the holder.
Comb or brush the goat well.
Clean the milk bucket thoroughly. A stainless steel or
hard plastic bucket is preferred.
Wash hands well.
Clean the udder by using soap and lukewarm water
just before milking.
Dry the udder with clean towel or soft cloth.

Milking periods must be established and strictly

adhered to. If milking is done twice a day, e.g. 6:00am
and 6:00pm, the process should not be delayed or
advanced. If possible, the same

Goat Holder for milking goat in a squatting position

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Proper Steps in Milking a Doe

1. Wash hands with soap and water

and dry them before starting to milk.

3. Grasp the teat with the thumb and first finger.

2. Do the same on the udder and parts around it.

4. Close the second finger and milk will squirt out. Discard the first stream for it is high in bacteria.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

5. Close the forefingers and

press a little steadily.

7. Release the teat so that it will be

filled with milk.

9. Again grasp the teat with your

thumb and first finger.

6. Close the little finger and tear with the whole hand.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

8. Feel the teat again if it is already filled with milk

10. Run your fingers down to the teat to force milk to come out.

C. ENGAGE
Directions. Identify the word being asked in each item. Choose the right word inside the box below and write it
on your activity notebook.

First finger teat Milking doe

thumb release grasp

D. APPLY
a. Why we Separate lactating goats from the breeder
males____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

E. Reference/s: http://www.fao.org/3/t0690e/t0690e05.htm

F. Answer Sheet( separate sheet)

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWERS:

But for the most part, you have to separate male goats or bucks from the females, because
the does come into heat or estrus every 18 to 23 days. Complicating the matter is the fact that males are
important for milk quality. It's a good idea to keep them separate during pregnancy and kidding.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Learning Activity Sheet in

ANIMAL PRODUCTION ((Small Ruminants)

Name: _____________________________ Grade/Section: 11-ST. ANNE Date: ____________

School: CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: MICHAEL G. HOBAYAN
Learning Competency (with code): . Manage does/ewes and their progenies (TLE_AFPA9-12SM-If-j-2)
Provide forage grasses concentrate, other feed supplements and adequate water supply

A. EXPLORE
1. What is Forage?

B. LEARN

What is Forage?

Forage is composed of plant leaves and stems mostly eaten by grazing animals. It can be herbaceous
legumes, grasses, shrubs or tree legumes.

What are the Types of Forage?

• Grasses:
 Serves as main feed for ruminants
 Produces more biomass than legumes

• Legumes:
 Provides better quality feeds
 Provides protein, vitamins and minerals for more improved
performance of animals
 Leguminous crop are cheap source of feeds
 It has lesser chance of ingesting infective larvae as compared to
grazing lower growing vegetation

• Multi – Purpose Tree Species

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Comparative Features

Forage Digesti-
Quantity Protein Other Uses
Type bility

Firewood
Timber
MPTS Low High High
Green Manure
Shade

Legumes Medium High High ---

Thatching (building a
roof w/ dry vegetation)
Grasses High Medium Low Weaving

Selection of Forage Species to Plant

 Adaptability to the environment

 Species that do not meet soil & climatic conditions but would need additional inputs & adjustments in
management
 Growth habit determines adaptability to ways of integrating & using a specific forage

 Nutritive Value

 Availability of planting materials

Multi – Purpose Tree Species for Pasture

Scientific
Common Name Description
Name
White ball acacia Acaciella  Drought tolerant
angustissima
 Can be used as a green
manure and ground
covering.
 Leaves can be used in
composting
 Used as livestock feed
 High in protein
 It should only be used
as an additive to the
feed and not the main
source, since it also
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

toxic in high doses

Mulberry Morus sp.  Leaves and stalks are
fed to ruminants
 It has 70.8% for
digestible CP, 48.4
% for total digestible
nutrients and 35.6 % for
starch equivalent on a
dry basis
 The digestibility of
mulberry leaf: in
vivo (goats) 78.4-
80.8% and in vitro
are very high
(89.2%)

Multi – Purpose Tree Species for Pasture

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Hairy indigo Indigofera  Warm season legume

hirsuta L. and is used as a green
manure and cover crop
 Contains 23.8 percent
crude protein, 2.0
percent ether extract,
15.2 percent crude fibre,
46.8 percent nitrogen-
free extract, 1.88 percent
calcium and 0.37 percent
phosphorus

Scientific
Common Name Description
Name
Kakawate Gliricidia  Used as cut and carry
sepium forage for cattle, sheep,
and goats
 High in protein

Multi – Purpose Tree Species for Pasture

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Madre de Agua Trichanthera  Contains high

gigantea concentrations of
watersoluble
carbohydrates and
starch, and low NDF
 CP content ranges from
12-
22%, IVDMD ranges
from 45-60% and DMD
ranges from 50-70%
 Contains comparatively
high ash and calcium
concentrations at 16-20%
and 2.4-3.8% of DM,
respectively.
 The high ash and Ca
concentrations may be
related to the presence
of cystoliths, small
mineral concretions on
the leaves and stems
Flamengia; malabalatong Flemingia  Contains 22.7 % crude
macrophylla protein (CP) and
8%tannin

 Low digestibility
because of high
tannin and fibre
content.
 Low palatability to cattle,
particularly in the wet
season.

Common Name
Scientific Name Description
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Pigeon Pea Cajanus cajan (L.)  Used as a protein

Millsp. source or supplement,
due to its high
concentration in CP in
both seeds and leaves
 The leaves are high in
fiber, particularly ADF
and lignin

Ipil-ipil Leucaena  Provides an excellent

leucocephala source of high-protein
(Lam.) de Wit cattle fodder
 Contains mimosine, a
toxic amino acid which
is metabolized to
goitrogenic DHP

Desmanthus Desmanthus  It makes a good food

virgatus plant for cattle, it is not
as promising a feed for
pigs
 It is very tolerant of
grazing

Common Scientific Name Description

Name
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Agati Sesbania  Crude protein content is greater

grandiflora (L.) Pers. than 20% and often above 25-30%
DM
 It contains less fiber
 The NDF content was estimated to
be 29 and 37% of DM, and the ADF
content to be 15.6 and 25.8% of DM
 The acid detergent insoluble N
content was 2.1% of total N,
whereas lignin content was
estimated to be 4-8% of DM
 The digestibility and degradability
of dry matter and nutrients are
generally high

Katuray Sesbania sesban (L.)  A source of cut and carry forage

Merr.
 Used as a grazed forage
 Leaves are a good source of protein
for cattle and sheep

Legume Plants for Pasture

Common Scientific Name Description
Name
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Calopo Calopogoniummucunoides Desv.  Used as cover crop

 It provides soil protection against erosion,
reduces soil temperature,
improves soil fertility and controls
weeds
 can be grazed or cut and fed fresh
 Has a low nutritive value

Peanut Arachis hypogaea L.  Highly palatable source of nutrition in

animal feed
 Contain 6 to 8% moisture, 22 to
26% crude protein (CP) and 36 to 44% oil

Manimanian, Arachis glabrata  Grown for hay, silage and pasture,

perennial and as ornamental ground cover
peanut,
rhizoma  Very palatable and it has greater
peanut digestibility of dry matter, fiber, and
protein,
 A suitable protein and energy
supplement feed
 It is best used as a supplemental feed
to other feeds such as grass

Grasses for Pasture

Common Name Scientific Name Description
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Star grass Cynodon  Can be cut in order to be fed

plectostachyus (K. fresh or to make hay
Schum.) Pilger
 Contains about 10% protein
in the DM while the CP of
young grass can exceed 15%
of the DM, and more than
18% when N fertilizer is
applied
 It can produce high levels of
hydrogen cyanide when
overstressed by defoliation,
drought and heavy
grazing/trampling
 Does not have a high nutritive
value, particularly during the
dry season
Alabang X Dichanthium  Suitable for grazing and cut-
aristatum and-carry, and for hay before
flowering
 CP values are often low, but
can be increased by N
fertilization up to 12.5% CP in
young foliage.
 Well eaten by all classes of
stock when leafy
 Low in oxalate

Guinea Megathyrsus  For pasture, cut-and-carry, silage and

grass maximus hay
 Suited to grazing and cutting
 Palatable to livestock with a good
nutritional value
 The crude protein ranges from 6-25%
depending on age
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

Grasses for Pasture

Common Scientific Description
Name Name
Napier grass, Pennisetum  A very important forage in the tropics due
Elephant grass purpureum to its high productivity
 Used in cut-and-carry systems ("zero
grazing") and fed in stalls, or made into
silage or hay
 25.7% DM, 9.2% CP, 60.5% of DOM

Stylo Stylosanthes  Used for hay, cut-and-carry systems and

guianensis pasture
 Palatable to livestock when mature and
can grow on relatively infertile soils
 12-20% CP, 2-60 % IVDMD , 0.2-0.6% P,
0.6-1.6% Ca.
 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

C. ENGAGE
Directions: Copy the activity below in your activity notebook. Answer it by ticking √ to what classification
does each feed belong.
Feed Grass Legume Concentrate Protein
Supplement
1. Centrosema
2. Guinea Grass
3. Corn grain
4. Soybean meal
5. Paragrass

D. APPLY
1. What is the difference between “LEGUMES” and “GRASS”?.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the different Grasses for Pasture?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the Legume Plants for Pasture?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
E. Reference/s

Utilization of mulberry as animal fodder in India. Retrieved July 5, 2016 from

http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/X9895E/x9895e0h.htm) Utilization of mulberry as animal fodder in India; R.K.
Datta, A. Sarkar, P. Rama Mohan Rao and N.R. Singhvi; Central Sericultural Research and Training
Institute, Central Silk Board, Sriramapura, Mysore, India
http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/gbase/data/Pf000045.HTM

F. Answer Sheet( separate sheet)

 Region VIII
Division of Eastern Samar
CAN-AVID NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Can-avid, 6806

ANSWER:

1. Grass is a monocotyledon plant, herbaceous plants with narrow leaves growing from the base. A
common kind of grass is used to cover the ground in a lawn and other places. Grass normally gets
water from the roots, which are located in the ground.

A legume (/ˈlɛɡjuːm, ləˈɡjuːm/) is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or
seed of such a plant. The seed is also called a pulse. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily
for human consumption, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure.

2. STAR GRASS
ALABANG X
NAPIER
STYLO
GUINEA GRASS

3. CALOPO
PEANUT
RHIZOMA PEANUT