A. stu ck up B. stood out c. stuck out D.

held out
30. Everyone
Everyo ne approve
approved
d of the scheme but when we as ked for v olunteers they all
hu ng _______ .
A. ba ck B. on c. about D. up

IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5 marks)

Choose
Choo se the word that best fits each gap.
gap.
31. The
The social condcondem
em natio
nations
ns of the bombin
bombing,g, therefo
therefore
re , focus
focus not o n _______ 
_______ 
the act but on lamenting the consequences.
A. execrating
exe crating B. deplo
deploring
ring
c. shed
shedding
ding tears o ver D. wringing hands over 
32. If you want to have a good flat in London, you have to pay through the
for it.
A. mo uth B. eye c. nose D. head
3 3 .1 wa s ou t o f _____
__________wi
_____withth you on th
this
is matter, but llet’s
et’s not quarrel about it.
A. empathy
em pathy B. harmo
harmon ny c. keepi
keeping
ng D. sympathy
symp athy
34. Eventua lly, a pass er-by ._
_____and
____and asked h er what her pro blem was.
A. p ut h er out o f his mis
misee ry B. was c har
haritable
itable tow
toward
ardss
c. took pity on her D. threw him self on h er mercy
35. She expects the political experience gained in this election will stand her in
good _____
_______ __ in her future career, which, she sug suggests,
gests, could include another 
campaign. '
• A. fo oting B. grou nding c. precede nt D. stead ■
36. Poor management
manageme nt brou brough
ghtt village shops to t ee teter__
r_____
___ of collapse
collapse altho
although
ugh
comm unity-own ed shops, Inter Internet
net retail
retailing
ing and h home
ome delivery
delivery schem
schemeses were
 becom ing more popular.
A. in the teeth B. on the brink 
c . on th e r azo
azor’s
r’s edge D. on the thresh
threshold
old
37. A lot o f ccriti
riticism
cism and s cor
cornn h as bee
been n hea ped ______
_______ _ his options.
A. a bove B. beyo
beyond nd c. on D. up
38. Unan
Unan swer
swered,
ed, the dema
demands
nds for nu clear d eterre
eterrents
nts ha ve ____ fears o f civil wa
war.
r.
A. f lashed
lashed up B. pro
progn
gnostostica
icate
tedd c. sidetr
sidetracke
acked d D. stoked
stoked up
39. , the people who come to this club are in their t wentie s and thirties.
A. By and large B. All together c. To a degree
degree D. Virtually
Virtu ally
4 0 .1 don’t
do n’t feel like buying
buying a _____
___________ in a poke; we ’d better
better check the con
content.
tent.
A. pig B. cattle c. buffalo D. ox

81

V. READINGCOMPREHENSION
READING 1: Read the following magazine article and choose the best   
answer to each question. (5 marks)
In the course of its history, human inventions have dramatically increased the
average
average amou
amount
nt o f en
energy
ergy av
available for use pe r person . Primitive peoples in cold
ailable
regions burned wood and animal dung to heat their caves, cook food, arid drive
 off animals by fire. The first step toward the deve
develop
lop ing of more effici ent fuels
was taken when people discovered that they could use vegetable oils and animal
fats in lieu QỈ  gathered
  gathered or cu t wood. Charcoal gave o ff a more intensive heat than
wood and was more easily obtainable than organic fats. The Greeks first began
to use coal for metal smelting in the 4th century, but it did not come extensive
use until the Industrial Revolution.
In the 1700s, at the beginning of the Industrial evolution, most energy used in
the United States and other nations undergoing industrialization was obtained
from perpetual and renewable sources, such as wood, water streams, domesticated
animal labor, and wind. These were predominantly locally available supplies. By
mid-1800s, 91 percent of all commercial energy consumed in the United States
and European countries was obtained from wood. However, at the beginning of
the 20th century, coal became a major energy source and replaced wood in
industrializing countries. Although in most regions and climate zones wood was
more readily accessible than coal, the latte
la tter 
r   represents a more concentrate source
of energy. In 1910
1910,, natural gas and oil firmly replaced coal as the main source of
fuel because they are lighter and, therefore, cheaper to transport. They burned
more cleanly than coal arid polluted less. Unlike coal, oil could be refined to
manufacture liquid fuels for vehicles; a very important consideration in the early
1900s, when the automobile arrived on the scene.
By 1984, nonrenewable fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas,
 provided over 82 percent of the commercial and industrial energy used in the
world. Small amounts of energy were derived from nuclear fission, and the
remaining 16 percent came from burning direct perpetual and renewable fuels,
such as biomass.
biomass. Between 1700 and 1986, a large numbe numberr of coun tries shifted
from the
the use of energy from local sources to a centralize centralized
d generati on of
hydropower and solar energy converted to electricity. The energy derived from
nonrenewable fossil fuels has been increasingly produced in one location and
transported to another, as is the case with most automobile fuels. In countries
with private, rather than public transporta
transportati
ti on, the age of nonrenewa ble fuels ha s
created a dependency on a finite resource that will have to be replaced.
Alternativ e fuel sou
sources
rces are numerou
numerous,
s, and shale oil and hydro
hydrocc arbons are
 jus t two examples. The extraction of shale oil from large deposi deposits
ts in Asian and
European regions has proven to be labor consuming and costly. The resulting
 product is sulfur- and nitrogen- rich, arid large-scale extractio
extractions
ns are presently
 prohib itive,   Similarly, the extraction of hydrocarbons from tar sands in Alberta
and Utah is ccomplex.
omplex.

82

Semi-solid hydrocarbons cannot be easily separated from the sandstone and

limestone
lime stone th
that
at ca rry th
them,
em, and modern t echnol
echnolog
og y is not suf
sufficien
ficientl
tlyy ver
versatil
satilee for
a large-scale
large-sc ale removal of the mater material.
ial. Howev
However,
er, both sources of fuel may
eventua
event ua lly be nee ded as petro
petroleum
leum pric es continue to rise and limi
limitatio
tations
ns in fossil
fuel av ailab
ailabil
ility
ity m ake a lterna
lternativ
tivee de
depos
posits
its more attrac
attractive.
tive.
41. What is tthehe main top
topic
ic o
off th
thee pas
passage?
sage?
 A. Ap plica
plicatt ions of various
various fuels B. Natura
Naturall resourc
resources
es and fossil fuels
c. A histo
history
ry o f energy use D. A historical
historical overvi
overview
ew of energy rates
42. Th
Thee p hra
hrase
se “per person” in line 2 is close in meaning to
A. p er cap ita B. per year c. per family D. per day
43. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that
A. coal mining was essential for primitive peoples
B. the Greeks used coal in industrial production
c. the develop
d evelopment
ment of effici
efficient
ent fuels was a gradua
graduall process
process
D. the
the discove
discove ry o f efficient
efficient fuels was mmostly
ostly accidental
44. T he phrase “in lieu” in line 5 is closest in meaning to
A. in spite B. in place - c. in every way D. in charge
45. The
The auth
authoror o f the pa
passage
ssage impli
implies
es that in th
thee 1700
1700s,
s, sources
sources o f energy
energy were
A. used for comme rcial purposes B. used in various combination s
c. not der ived from mineral de posits D. not always easy to locate
46. The phrase “t “the
he l at
attt er
er”
” in line 16 refers to
A. wood B. coal c. most region s D. climate zones
47. Accordin g to t he pa passage
ssage,, wh
what at was tthe
he greates
greatestt ad
advanta
vantage
ge o f oil
oil a s fue
fuel?
l?
A. It w as a concent
concentrara ted source o f eenergy.
nergy.
B. It was lighter and cheaper than coal.
c. It replaced
replaced woo d and coal and r educed polluti pollution.
on.
D. It
It co
coul
ul d be convert
convertee d to au tomob
tomobileile fuel.
48. It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 20th c entury, ene energy
rgy was
obtain
obt ained
ed primaril
primarilyy fr o m ......
.........
......
......
...
A. fossil fuels B. nuclear fission
c. hydrau
hydrauliclic and s olar sources D. burning
burning bioma
biomassss
49. The
The auth or o f the
the pas
passage
sage impl
implies
ies that
that alte
alternativ
rnativee sources o f fue
fuell are curr
currently
ently
A. be ing used for consumptio
consu mptionn B. being explo
explored
red
c. availa ble in few locations D. examined on a large scale
50. The word “prohibitive” in line 35 is is clos
closest
est in mean
meaning
ing to
A. pr ohibi
ohibitt ed B. provid
provided
ed c. too expensive D. too exp edient
R E A D I N G 2: Read the following magazine article and choose the best answer
to each question. (5 marks)
In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was
done in the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as
well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high,

and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy
83

timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above
the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far
enough
enoug h in front of the risin
rising
g ccolum
olumn
n of heat to be safe from catch
catchin
in g fire.
fire.
Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney.
On these rested the ends of a "lug pole" from which pots were suspended when
cooking. Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it w ould
 resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred,
and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the
fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug
 poles, and later fire
fireplaces
places had pivotin
pivotingg metal rods to hang pots from.
Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a
small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out
smoke. Sometim
Sometimes es the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were
 built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or
twice a week) a roaring fire of "oven wood," consisting of brown maple sticks,
was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely hot. The embers were
later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut
until the bread was fully baked.
 Not all bak
baking
ing was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron "bake
kettle," which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is
said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by
glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid.
51. Which
Which of the following aspects of dom domestic
estic life in colonial North America
does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Meth
Methods
ods of bakin
baking
g bre
bread
ad
B. Fireplace cooking
c. The use o f iron
iron kettles in a typical kitchen
D. The
The ty
types
pes o f woo
woodd used in pr
preparin
eparingg me
meals
als
52. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate
A. how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern
fireplaces
B. that they served diverse functions
c. that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces
D. how
how tthey
hey were sa fer th
than
an north
northeaste
eastern
rn firepl
fireplaces
aces
53. The word "scorched" is closesclosestt in in mean
meaning
ing t o ........
............
.......
... ....
........
......
A. burned •' B. cut c. enlarged D. bent
54. The
The w ord "it” refers t o ....
........
........
........
.......
...
A. the stone
stonewo
wo rk B. the fireplace
firep lace opening
open ing
c. the man
mantel
tel tre
treee D. the rising
rising column
column of heat
55. According
Accord ing to the passage, how was food usually cooked in a pot in the
seventeenth century?
A. By placing
placin g tthe
he pot d
directly
irectly into the fi fire
re
B. By putting the pot in the oven

84

c. By filling th
thee p
pot
ot with hot wa
watt er 
D. By hanging
hangi ng th
thee po t on a pole o ver the fire
56.. Th
56 Thee w o rd ’’obta
’’obta in” is close
closest
st in m eani
eaning
ng t o ....
........
........
........
........
...... ..
A. ma intain B.' reinforce c. manufa
manufacture cture D; a cquire
57. Which of the follofollowin
wing g is ment
mention
ioned
ed in paragr
paragraph aph 2 as as a didisadv
sadvantag
antagee of
using a wooden lug pole?
A. It w as m ade of wood not rea dily av ailab
ailable.
le.
 B. IItt wa
wass d iffic
ifficul
ultt to move or ro
rotate
tate,,
c. It occasionally broke.
D. It becam
becamee ttoo
oo hot to touch.
 
58. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, "oven 
wood”  produced
A. less sm oke B. more heat c. fewer e mbers D. lower
low er flames
59. Accor
Accor ding to parag
paragraph
raph 3, alalll of th
thee follow
following
ing were true of a c olonial
olonial oven
EXCEPT:
A. It was used to heat the k kitche
itchen n every day.
B. It wa s built as part of the main fireplace.
c. The smoke it generated went out thro ugh the main chim chimney.
ney.
D. It was heated with maple sticks.
60. According
Accord ing to the passage
passage,, whic
which h of the follo
following
wing was an adva
advanta
nta ge of a
* ’’bake kettle”?
A. It did not take up a llot
ot o f sp
space
ace in tthe
he firepl
fireplac
ace.
e.
B. It did not need to be tightly closed.
c. It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven.
D. It could be used to cook several foods at one time.

VI. CLOZ
CLOZ E T EST
CLOZE TEST 1
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your  
answ er s heet to indicate the correct word for eeach ach of the blan blanks.
ks. (5 mark
markss )
THE BEGINNINGS OF FLIGHT
The ststo
o ry o f m an's ma ste ste ry o f th e ai airr is a lmost as o olld as ma ma n him self
self,, a
 pu zz le in wh ic h the esse es se nt ial (0 ).........
)........... wer e not fou nd unt il a ver y late
stage
sta ge.. H
Hoo we ve ver, r, to (6 1) .....
........
......
.....
.... this
this we mu must st firs
firs t go bac k to the time
when primitive man hunted for his food, and only birds and insects flew. We
cannot know with any certainly when man first deliberately shaped weapons
for throwing, but that (62)....,..... of conscious design marked the first
step on a road that leads from the spear and the arrow to the aero-plane
and the gian t rock et o f th e pr es en t (6 3 ). ).....
......
....
..... It w ould seem, in f act, ttha ha t
th
thii s (6 4) ....
......
....
....
.... to thro w things thing s is on onee o f the the mo st p prr im iti
iti ve and de ep -
seatee d o f o ur ins ti
seat tin
n ct
ctss , (6 5)
5)......
....
....
...... in childho od and and pe rs rsii sti
sti ng int
into
o old
old age
age..
The mo re mature am bi bitt io
ionn to tthrow
hrow t hi hinn gs ssw w ift
ift ly and
and accu rat rat ely
ely , which is

85

the
the origi
riginn o f m os t ou tdoor g gam
am es, pr pro
o ba bly has ititss root s in the ag es w hen
th
thee po ss es sion o f a (6 6 ).
)...
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.. w ea po n an d tth
h e aab b il
ilii ty tto
o thro w it w it
ith
h
force and accuracy (67)............the difference between eating and starving.
It is si
sig
g nific ant that suc
suc h we apon s were ((6 6 8)...
8).....
....
.. . an and d br ough t to ththee ir 
final form at an early stage in history. If we were restricted to the same
(6 9 )....
)......
.....
.....
.. , it iiss d
dou
ou bt
btff ul if w
wee co
cou
u ld pr
pro
o du
ducc e b
bee tt
ttee r b
bow
ow s aand
nd arr ow s ttha
hann
th os e tthh at de st ro ye d the arm ies o f t he pas t. Th e arrow was the fir st tr tru
ue
 weapon ca pable o f m ain ta
taii ni ng di
dirr ec ti
tio
o n over cco o nsiderab le (7 0)..
0).... ....
......
....
....
.. .
It was to be centuries before man himself could fly.
0 A. clu
clues
es B. k ey
eyss c . res pon ses D. res olu tio ns
61. A. value B. a pp
pprr ov
ovee c. understand D. realize
62. A. act B. deed c. action D. e vent
63. A. instant B. day c.hour  D. m oment
64. A. feeling B. urge c. enc oururaage
gemen
mentt D. emo
mottio n
65.. A..
65 A..co
com
m ing
ing B. arriving c. appearing D. growing
66. A. suitable B. fitting c . relat ed D. cho sen
67. A. involved B. mean
meantt c.told D. showed
68. A. invented B. imagined c . planned D. prod uced
69. A. matters B. substance
subst ancess c . material s D. source s
70. A. length B. extents c . areas D. dist ances

CLOZETEST2:
Read the followin g passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your  
answer
answ er sh eet to indicate
indicate the correct
co rrect word fo r each of the blanks.
blanks. (5 marks)
mar ks)

A LACK OF COMMUNICATION
Recent
Rece nt rese
researc
archh has (0) ............
....................
.........tha
.thatt a tthird
hird of peop
people
le in Brita
Britain
in have
not met their (71) .................... neighbours, and those who know each other 
(72) ........... speak. Neigh
Neighbours
bours g gossipin
ossiping g over garden fences and in the street
was a comm
common on (73) .. .. .. .. .. . in the 1950s, says Dr. Carl Ch Chinn,
inn, an expe
expert
rt on
local communities. Now, however, longer hours spent working at the office,
together with the Internet and satellite television, are eroding neighbourhood
(74) ........
...............
.............
...... 'Poo
'Poorr neighb
neighbourh
ourhood
oodss onc
oncee had stro
strongng kinshi
kinship,
p, but now
 prosperity
 prospe rity b uys privac
privacy,'
y,' said Chinn.
Professor John Locke, a social scientist at Cambridge University, has
analysed a large (75) ............. . of surveys. He fou nd that in A meric mericaa and Britain
the (76) .........
.............
.....of
of time spent in socia
sociall activ
activity
ity is decr
decreasin
easing. g. A thir
third
d of peop
people
le
said they never spoke to their neighbours at (77) ...................
................. Andre w Mayer,
25, a strategy consultant, rents a large apartment in west London, with two
flat-ma
flat-mates,
tes, who work in e -commerce. “We have a family of teachers in up stair stairss
and lawyers below , but our only contac contactt comes via letters (78) .............. to the
communal facilities or complaints that we’ve not put out our bin bags properly,”
said Mayer.

86

The (7 9 ).....
)...........
.........
... of communities can ha have
ve ser
serious
ious ef
effects
fects.. Conce
Concerr ned at the
rise in burgl
burglaa ries and (80) ...........
............. . of vanda
vandalism,
lism, the popolice
lice have re-launched
crime prevention schemes such as Neighbourhood Watch, calling on people who
live in th e same area to'k eep an eye on each- each-othe
other's
r's hous
houses
es and report anyt
anything
hing
they see which is unusual.
0. A. exhibited B. conducted c. displayed D. reveal
71. A. side-on B. next- d dooor c . close-up D. nearside
 72. A. barely B. roughly c. nearly D. virtually
73. A. outlook  B. view c . vision D. sight
74. A. ties B. joins c . strings D. laces
75. A. deal B. amount c. number D. meas ure
76. A. deal B. amoun t c. number   D. measure
77. A. least B. once c. all D. most
78. A. conce
co ncern
rning
ing B. regardi ng c. a pplying D. relating
79. A. breakout B. break tth
hough c. brea
eak
kdown D. breakaway
80. A. acts B. shows c. counts D. works

B. WRITTEN TEST (60 sentences/70 marks)

I. OPE
OPENN C LO
LOZE
ZE TE
TES
S T (2
(20
0 ma
mark
rks)
s)
CLOZE TEST 1
 
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use 
only one word in each space.
THE SLOW ARRIVAL OF THE WHEEL
It is nearl
nearly y impossib
impossible le in our post-indus
post-industr trial
ial society to conceive of a worl world d
witho ut wheels. From clocks to huge machinery and from cars to computer 
disks,
dis ks, ( 1 ) ......
.........
......
.....
.. ...
......
......
......
......
... emp
employ loyss cog cogs, s, w heels
heels or o ott her types o f cyl
cylind
indric
rical
al
components
comp onents that spin on an axis axis.. (2) ..... ...........
..........
.... the w heel took a relati relatively
vely long
time to be invented and several civilizations reached a relatively high level of 
techn
tec hnolo
ological
gical sopsophishistication
tication ( 3 ) ... ......
..... ...
......
... . ...
......
......
......
..... it. The mosmostt lik
likely
ely e xpl
xplana
anatio
tionn
is that
tha t n either terrterraiai n nor cl climate
imate suited the wheel. Until 10,000 BC, much of the
world was ( 4 ) ...... ...........
...........
......the
the grip o f the last ve vestiges
stiges of the lee Age. (5) . ...... ............
......
was not under ice sheet was covered by desert, jungle or bog - conditions
obviously
obvi ously unsuit
unsuited ed for somet somethi hi ng like the wheel. Most expert expertss agree that tthe he
wheel evolved from the fact that Neolithic man was familiar with moving heavy
obje
ob jecc ts ((6)
6) .. .. .. .. .. .. .: .. .. .. .putting
.putting a rol rol le
ler,
r, ssuc
uch h as a tree
tree tr trun
unk,
k, und
under
er tthe
he lloa
oad.
d.
Such techniques were used to move the huge stone blocks to build the pyramids
around 2980 BC and probably Stonehenge, which dates back to around 2000 BC.
(7) ................technique for moving large, heavy objects was to place them on
sledges and to put the sledges on rollers. In time, it is likely that the sledge wore
grooves into the rollers with the result that ancient man had a ratio - a small turn
of the inner edg e of the worn groov groovee genera generated ted a la rger turn of the o uter edge of
the roller
roller.. The next ( 8 ) ............
................
.... final step in the invention invention of the wheel was

87

to reduce tthe he w eigh

eightt of the rolle
rollerr by ccuttin
utting
g away the wood betwee
betweenn the gr oov
ooves,
es,
in (9) ..................way creating an axle with a wheel at each end. At last man
(1 0 ).....
)............
.............
...... bett
better
er ind
indulge
ulge his papassion
ssionss for trav
travee l, spee
speed
d an
and
d m ovem
ovemee nt. .

CLOZE TEST 2
Head the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use  
only o ne wor
wordd in each
each space.
space.
ENJOY THE BENEFITS OF STRESS!
 Are you looking forward to another busy week? You should be according to
some expe
experts.
rts. They argue that the stress enco
encountered
untered in our d aily lives is not only
good for us, but essential to survival. They say t hat the response to (1 1) _______
_________,
which cr eates a ch
chemical
emical called adrenal in, helps the mind a nd b ody to act quickl
quickly
y
(1 2 )___
)_______
________
____ emer
emergenc
gencies.
ies. Anim
Animals
als and hu
human
man bebeings
ings u
use
se it to memeet
et the
hostile condit
condit ions which exist on the planet.
Whilst nobody denies the pressures of everyday life, wh at is su rprising is that
we are yet to develop successful ways of dealing with them. (13) ________ the
experts consider the current strategies to be inadequate and often dangerous. They
 believe that (1 4) ______, of trying to manage our response to stress with drugs
or relaxation techniques, we must exploit it. Apparently, research shows that
 people (15) ________ create conditions of stress for (16) _______ by doing
exciting and risky sports or looking for challenges, cope much better with life's
 problems. Activitie
Activitiess of this type have been shown to create a lot of em otion;
 people may actually cry or feel extremely uncomfo uncomfortable.
rtable. But there is a point
(1 7 )___
)__________
_____ whic
whichh they rrealis
ealisee they h
have
ave susuccee
cceeded
ded and knoknoww that it was a
 positive experien
experience.
ce. This is because we learn through challeng challengee and difficulty.
That'ss (1 8) ____
That' ______
__ _ we g et o ur wisd
wisdom.
om. Few o f US, unfo
unfort
rt unat
unately
ely,, u
under
nderst
st and
this fact. For exexampl
ample,
e, many peop
peoplele believ
believee they (1 9 )___
)_______
________ from stress at
work, and ta ke tim e o ff as a result. Yet it hahass been found in ssome
ome comp
companies
anies that
 by far
fa r (2 0 )_____
)__________
_____ healthiest people are tho those
se with the most responsi
responsibility.
bility.
So next time you're in a stressful situation, just remember that it will be a
 positive learning experience and could also bene benefit
fit you
yourr health!

II. WORD
WORD F ORMS (20 marks) marks)
A. Give the cor rect form of o f the word in brackets.
brackets.
1. The act o f ____
________
______
__ ' shou
should
ld be proh
prohibite
ibitedd unde
underr any circu
circumm stan
stances
ces..
Everyone all has equal rights to vote. (FRANCHISE)
2. The boss or
ordere
dered
d his sta
staff
ff to b e ____
_______
____
_ with ea
each
ch other in dea
dealing
ling with the
company's end-of-year burden. (LABOR)
3. It is such a ________
_________ _ story that the mom lostlost"" her child when her family
immigrated from Africa into Europe. (LUCK)
4. The mayo
mayorr was dete
determi
rmined
ned that h e woul
wouldd do eve
everyth
rything
ing in his p ower to ____
_____ 
_ 
the murder case. (MYSTERY)

88

5. The gove
governme
rnmentnt s tresse
tressed
d it was not aba
abandoni
ndoning ng its tough '_
______
_____ policies.
policies.
(INFLATE)
6. The wom
womaa n det
detect
ected
ed h er ___
______
____
_ con
condit
ditio
ions
ns soon after she.f
sh e.felt
elt ill in her b
body
ody..
(CANCER)
7 . 1cast my eye s___
s_____ ____
____ an
and
d s aw the
the ge
gees
esee f ly
lyin
ingg in V-
V-lin
line.
e. (HE
(HE AVEN)
8. _________
_________ progr
programam s are offered to th
those
ose who w ant to do p pro
ro fessional
fessional trainin
training
g
while
whi le bei
being
ng paid to worwork.
k. ( SER VIC E)
9. It is inhum
in human
anee tto
o se ll ___
______
______
____
_ _ lim
limbs
bs o f tthe
he anima
animals,
ls, such as rhinocero
rhinoceross or 
or 
 elephant
eleph ants,
s, in the ma
marke
rkett plac
place.
e. (ME MB ER )
10.. He was regar
10 regardd ed as a _____
__________
_______
__ winner as he beat his oppon
opponen
en ts in three

straight sets. (RUN)

B. Use the correct form of each of the words given in the box to fill in the  
blank in the following passages.

 per sist confe r    dispose lonely   difficult 

 pa rt    think    out condition   conscious

More than half the world’s population consider themselves shy, delegates to
the first internat
internat ional (1 1 )........
)..............
......on
on shyn
shyness,
ess, being he held
ld in Cardiff,
Cardi ff, will be told
today. One in 10 cases is severe. Effects include mutism, speech problems,
(1 2 ).......
)...........
......
.. , b
blus
lushihing,
ng, shaki
shakingng and trembl
trembling
ing,, lac
lackk o f eye
eye cont
cont act,
act, (1 3 ).......
)...........
.......
...
in forming relationships and social phobia - the most extreme form of shyness,
defined by the American Psychiatric Association as a pronounced and (14).........
fear of social
social or perform ance situations in which embarr assment may o ccur. Shy
 people tend to blame themse lves for social failure and attribute success to
(15) .........
..................
........... factors.
factors. The They y expec
expectt the
their
ir behav
behavio io ur to be inadequat
inadequatee
remember only negative information about themselves and accept without
challenge adverse comments from others.
The causes are complex and not fully understood. The latest theory is that it
can be traced
traced to gene geness as wel
welll as to social ((1 1 6 )........
).................
...............
...... . One estima
estimate, te,
 based on resea rch with twins, is that around 15 per cent of the popula tion are
 bom with a ( 1 7 )........... ......to shyness. Some psycholog ists believe there are two
types: an early early developing , fearf fearful ul shynes
shynesss and a later dev
developin
eloping
g , (1 8 )............
)............ .
shyness . The fearful version emerges often in the first year of life and iiss (19)
........
............
......
.. ....
........
.... to be (2 0 )...
).......
......
.. ........
............
......
.. inheri
inherited
ted.. -

III ER RO
ROR
R IDEN
ID ENTI
TIFIC
FICAA TIO
TION N : (10 ma
marks
rks))
There are 10 errors in the following passage. Identify and correct them.
 Line
Childr en who tell pop music does not inte
Children interfere
rfere with their homework
homewor k receive
receive 1
support today, with the discov
discovery
ery that pay atte
attention
ntion to visual stimu
stimuli
li and sounds 2
requires completel y different brain pathways which can operate at the same 3

89

time wit
time withh you
yourr app
apprr eci
eciaa tio
tion
n o f eit
either
her bei
beinn g da
damag
magee d. Res
Resee arc
arche
he rs hav
havee 4
founded
foun ded th at listening to ca r ste stereos
reos does not cr eate much interferen ce 5
when you are d riving.
riving . Simila
Similarly,
rly, pop music should not interfe re with 6
child
ch ildre
re n hom
homee wor
work k . T he aff
affec
ectt o f pop mu
musicsic on th
their
eir per
perff ormance at it 7
is far ou tweigh
tweig h by ot her ffacto
actors
rs , su ch as how h appy they are to b bee d oing it. 8
These findi
finding
ng s co
could
uld be ap plied for the desig designn of places
places which
whic h people 9
havee to tak
hav takee in larg
larg e am ou ounts
nts of inform
informat
ation
ion ver
very
y q uickly.
uickly. T hey could
could,, 10
for ex
example,
ample, be relev
relevaa ntly to th e l ayou
ayoutt of pilot coc
cockpits
kpits on aircra
aircra ft. 11
 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10..
10

IV. SEN
SEN TENCE TRA
TRANSF
NSFO
O RMATION (2
(20
0 marks)
marks)
Rew rite the sentence with the give
given
n word
word or tthe
he giv
given
en begi
beginnin
nnin g so tha thee  
thatt th
new sentence has the same meaning as the previous one.
1. He contributed significantly to the success of the project, (import)
 —> H is __________
___________________
__________________
_________________
________ the succes
successs o f the projec
p roject.
t.
2. He was terribly upset by the news, (blow)
 —> Th e n ews ca m e________ _________
___________________
___________________
_____________ ______ him.
3. The new town has made the town centre nicer, but public transport could still
 be improv
improveded a lot. (room)
 —> The n ew to wn has ma
made
de the town centre nicer, b u t__________________
t__________________ _ 
to public transport.
4. Trying desperately to compensate for his terrible behaviour, he bought her a
 bunch of flowers, (amends)
 —» In a ________
__________________
__________ • his terr ible behav iour, he bough
b ough t he r 
a bun
bunch
ch of flowe
flowers.
rs.
5. We decided to stay for longer because we were so thrilled by the plane,
(prolonging)
 —> O u r________
r____________ ________
__________________
___________________
_______________
______ we by the plane.
6. The north west o f Britain
Britain has m ore rain each year t han the so utheas
utheas t.
 —>The an nu al ______ _________
__________________
__________________
__________ _ ________________ 
________________ 
7. They
They de claclared
red w ar on the prete
pretex
xt o
off defen
defending
ding the ir territori
territoriaa l righ
r ights.
ts.
 —»T he
8. No one stand
standss a chanc
chancee of beating Mansel
Manselll in this y ear
ear’s
’s champion
cham pionss hip.
 —> I t’s a fo reg on e________
e__________________
____________ __ •_
________J_________
_______ J_______________ ______ _ 
9. This house is very different from the little flat we used to live in. (cry)
 —►Thishis ho us e________
e_________ _ __________
___________________
__________________
___________________
_______________ _____ 
10. The spectators got so angry that they had to cancel the football match.
 —* S uc h_____ ___________
_____________
___ _________
__________________
__________________
__________ 
_ 

90

-TRƯỜN
TRƯỜNG
- G__THPT
___ CHUYÊN LÊ QUÝ ĐÔN - BÀ RỊA
« VŨNG TÀU

A. M ULTIPLE CHOICE
CHOICE
I. PHO
PHO NO
NOLO
LOGY
GY
Choose the wor d whose un
underl
derlined
ined part is pr
pronou
onoun
n ced differe
differently
ntly from the othe
others
rs
 brood B. broomstick  c. foolscap D. brooch
massage B. pilgrimage c. p illa
illage
ge D. dosage
 exist B. exhaustion c. ex
expl
plo
o re
rer 
r  D. exhibit
accredit B. salamander  c. maj
maj es
esty
ty D. saliva

swarthy B. w reathe c. apothecium D. feathe r  

Choos e the word w hic
hic h is stressed differe
differen
n tly
tly fro
from
m th
thee ot
oth
h er tthr
hree e
6. A. interviewer  B. e ncour agem entc. acknowledge D. interpreter
7. A. diploma
di plomacy
cy B. synonymous c. elephant
elephantine
ine D. petroleum
petroleum
8. A. authoritative B. argumentative c. administrative D. initiative
9. A. communa
com munall B. delicacy c. peninsula D. pneu
pneumonia
monia
10. A. telecommuting B. geophysical c. hydroelectric D. humanitarian

II. WORD CHOICE

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
11.. The children in the audience we re___ by the show.
11
A. brighte ned B. advocated c. captiva
captivated
ted D. cultivated
cultiva ted
12 Ther e’s a great deal ooff pressure in the newspaper ind
industry;
ustry; editors might
work a 12-hou
2-hourr day with n o ___.
A. come- down B. letdown c. let-up D. crack-down
crack-d own
13.. The differenc e between your estimate an
13 and
d mine is just too small to mention.
It makes no sense to __abo
__about ut it.
A. chew the fa t B. split hairs c. talk shop D. brave the element
elementss
14. It was predicted that business would be destroyed and the town’s economy
would be in____.
A. frag ments B. scraps c. segment
segmentss D. tatters
tatte rs
15.. In frie
15 friendsh
ndship
ip w e___ the em
embarra
barrassmen
ssmentt o f a diss
dissident
ident disclo
disclosure.
sure.
A. are at pains to avoid B. are on pain of avoidance
C. are under pain o f avoidance D. avoid for one a nother’s pains
16.. In some countries, confrontation between police and strikers o n ___has
16
 become a feature of life in the eighties.
A dole queues B. picket lines c. back benches D. assembly lines
17.. Believe
17 B elieve it or not, he has ev en ___to swindling his own friends.
A reduced B. decline
declinedd c. sunk D. connived
18.. Even if they threa
18 threaten
ten you, you mumust
st be firm a nd ____
_________
_____ _ .
A. rub your shoulders B. get off scot-free
c. stick to your guns D. turn the tabl es on

91

19.. A: Sarah is one of the most p

19 popular
opular fashion designers in the country, i sn’t she?
B: Indeed.
Indeed. She is ______
____________
___________
_________
____at at pre
present.
sent.
A. riding th e cre
crest
st of a wav
wavee B. bur
burnn ing th
thee m idnig
idnig ht oil
c. lett
letting
ing of f steam D. maki
making ng a mountain out of a molehill
molehill
20.. The deple
20 depleteted
d col
colum
umnn wa
wass ba
barel
rely
y abl
ablee t o __ th
thee e nemy
nemy attack.
attack.
A. with
withstand
stand B. expel c . withho
withho ld D. smash

III.. G RAM MA
III MAR
R AND STRU CTU
CTUR
R ES
21. T he idea is ___
____
_ the p ubl
ublici
icitt y dep
depart
artme
me nt d uri
uring
ng peak periods
periods..
 A. Susan to a ssist B. Susan assisting
c. that Susan be assi sted D. that Susan assist
22. M y do ctoctorr s ai d__
d___ _ the m edi
edicat
cation
ion for six mon monthsths..
A. I would have to take B. I mus t have taken
c . that I take D. me to take
23..Ne
23 Neb b rask
raskaa has floflood
odss in ssom
omee ye ar ars,s,__
____
__ ;
A. in other
otherss dro ught B. droughts ar aree ot
others
hers
c, while other droughts D. others in drough t
24. Manjypeople
Manjypeo ple r eg ard ___ ____ _ the p oli
olicece have started carry carrying
ing guns.
guns.
A\ assa
assa-»r
-»real
eallỳy
lỳyba
badd idea when B. it a re ally bad idea if 
G?.ittassadre
G?.itta ssadreally
ally bad idea that D. it to be a re ally bad idea for 
25.. __
25 ____
____■ real
real work wa wass dodone
ne in the the offic
officee wh
whil ilee t he bo
boss s w as away.
A. Not a B. No c . Not onl
only y D. Non
Nonee
26. Social
Social scien
scientis
tists
ts beli
believe
eve th at ____ from soun sounds ds such as grunts
gru nts and babarks
rks
made by earl earl y an cesto
cestors
rs o f human beings beings..
A. language, which was very slow to develop
B. language, very slowly developing
c. the very slow development of language
D. language developed very slowly
27. ______
________ __ , only pe ople who agree with her aare re real Jews.
A. We can infer how she is concerned
B. We can infer that as far as she is concerned
c. Inferre d from what she is concerned
D. We can infer wh at she is conce concerne rne d
28. _____ the c ircli
ircling
ng the globe faster tha thann Jules
Ju les V erne ’s ficti
fiction
onal
al Phileas
Phileas Fogg.
A. A pion eer jourjournali
nalist,
st, N elli
elliee Bly’s explexploits
oits include
included d
B. Also incl
include
uded d in the exploi
exploitt s o f Nell
Nellie
ie Bly, a pi pionee
oneerr journalist, w as
c. The explo its of N Nelli
elliee Bly, a p ioneer jour journalist,
nalist, w were
ere inclu
included
ded
D. The p ionionee er jjourna
ourna list’s exexplo
ploii ts o f N
Nell
ellie
ie Bly incl
incl uded
uded
29. O wning an andd livi
living
ng in a fre estan
estandd ing house is still a goal of young a du lts ,__ 
earlier generations.
A. as did B. as it was of c. like tha t o f D. so have
30. Unsalte
Unsaltedd butt
butter
er is best for this re cipe, bu t_ __ that, m arga
argarine
rine wil
willl do.
A. e xcept B. given c. for all of D. fa ilin
iling
g

92

IV. P HRA
HRASASAL LV VEE RBS AND P PREP
REPOSIOSITI
TIOO NS
31. He do esn 't in vest in arms industry . principle.
A. on B. in c. under  D. within
32. No agreem
agreementent wa
wass rreached
eached.. TThe
he strikers
strikers decided to  _ out for a better deal.
Ạ. keep B. watch c. hold D. draw
33. Marrying into such a rich family had always been _  his wildest dreams.
A. un der B. above c. over D.beyond
34. What the tre asure
asurerr ssaid
aid virt
virtually
ually _  a confession,
 A. amounted to B. came up c. stood by D. embodied with
35. Do
Don’t
n’t try t o _ _  with your lies and excuses

A. head me off  B. palm me off  back me up D. hand me down

36. I was bored so I _   _ a magazine to killc.time.
A.eye d up B. thu
thumbed
mbed th
through
rough
c. knuckled down D. muscled in
37. E ver ssin
in ce they made her assis
assistant
tant manager, she’s been herself.
A. looking up B. getting above c. getting out D. looking
loo king out
38. She k nonocke
cke d__
d_____
___ a m
meal
eal in ten min
minute
utes.
s.
A. up B. of
offf c. out D. on
39. Th
Thee ffirm
irm w il
ill__
l_____
_____ unless
unless b usi
usines
nesss imp
improv
roves.
es.
A. go on B. go under
unde r c. take up D. take over 
40. The files
fil es are locked up and 1c1can’
an’tt ___the
___them.
m.
A. pu t on B. take in c. get at D. pick up

V. GUIDED CLOZE
GUIDED CLOZE 1
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space:
I never seem to sstop.
top. I’m not so much a worka
workaholic
holic as th e (l )____
)_____ _ _ ’gir
’girll
who can ’t say n o’. Not only have I never learned to o rganize my time, I need the
dead line to pa ss before I get going. Then I w onder why I feel ( 2) ____ ! I’m very
good at whipping up falsfalsee energy. Without (3)._
(3).____
___ rest, tthough,
hough, I start to look 
grey and then, apart from a good night’s sleep, the only thing that brings me
 back to life is meditatio n. I find that 20 minutes ’ meditation is (4 )______ to a
nig ht’s s leep and th at keep
keepss me going. . '
Somehow
Some how thoug
though,
h, I never get aro
around
und to med
meditati
itating
ng on a da daily
ily ( 5 )_____
)_______.
I’m no good in the morning. By the time I’ve managed to get up and repair
the (6) of the night, hal f the day’s gone. When it comes to food, I’m a
hostess
hos tess’s
’s nightmare. As 1 (7 )____
)_____
_ from migrai
migraine,
ne, I avo
avoidid ch eese and ststimulan
imulants
ts
like coffee, red wine and spirits, which are generally (8) ‘ to trigge r an
attack. I only eat rye bread, as the gluten in wheat makes me feel bloated and
ropy, I’ve ( 9 )_____
)______ _ countl
countless
ess migrai
migrainene ‘cure
‘cures’,
s’, fro
fromm the herbal remedy
feverfew to acupun cture. Acupun Acupunctcture
ure (10)_
(10)______
_____ balance the syste system,m, but
nothing stops the attacks.

93

1. A innovative B first c fore

foremo
moss t D original
2. A apathetic B exhausted c gruell
gruelling
ing D spen
spen t
3. A sufficient B seve
seve re c acceptable D minim
minim al
4. A compatible B alike c eq uival ent D proportiona
propo rtionall
5. A wa
way y B basis c ro utine D ma nner  
6. A damages B wreck
wreckss c ravage
ravagess D ruins
7. A co mpl
mplai
ai n X B suff
suff er  c experience D ache
8. A foreseen B maintained c regard
regardeded D thought
9. A tried B expe
expe rim
riment
entee d c searched D prove
proved d
 10. A assists B improves c re stores D helps

GUIDED
Read the CLOZE 2 and decide which answer best fits each space:
text below
In the unive rsally ( 1 )__ Pixar mov
movie
ie Insid
Insidee Out, th ere is a scene where
where a dad
is having trouble getting his toddler to eat broccoli, a vegetable that (2)
disguss t in m ost childr
disgu childree n of that age. Fo
Forr th e mov ie’s intern
internaa tional
tional relea
release,
se, Pixar
replaced broccoli with whatever vegetable was most suitable for a particular
region’s picky-eating children. When food blogger Linda Miller Nicholson was
(3) ___
___ with the challen
challengege of raising a son who turns his (4) ___ up at
veget
veg et abl
ables
es,, she rea
readil
dily
y acce
accept
pted
ed it by (5) __ _ them them into
into pa pasta
sta in (6) _ _ 
imaginative ways.
As a molecular gastronomist known as the  Lady Gaga o f Food  by the Cooking

Chann
Cha nnel,
el, N ich
ichols
olso
o n regul
regulaa rly ( 7 )__
)_____
_____ __ foo
foodd in an original way. How Howeve
ever,
r, she
has (8
( 8 ) ___
______
___ to ffame
ame for
for her outout-of
-of-- thi
this-w
s-woo rld past
pastaa ( 9 ) ___
______
____ _ . They
They aren’t
your ordinary pastas with bland colors and dull flavors; they’re zany pasta
desig
designs
ns with (1 0 )__
)_____
___ of col
colors
ors,, mesme
mesmeriz rizing
ing patt
pattern
ernss , hom
homaa ges to art
art pieces
pieces
like Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring,  Earring,   and other cultural icons using all-
natural ingredients. (...)
1. A. extolle d B. exalte d c. acclaimed D. appl
appl auded
2. A. invokes B. provokes c. excites D. incites
3. A. presen ted B. acqua inted c. di
disp
spla
layed
yed D. in trodu
troduced
ced
4. A. chin B. eye c. mouth
mouth D. nose
5. A. sneaking B. stit ching c . stalking D. sli pping
6. A. wildly B. pas
passi
si ona
onately
tely c. indige
indigenonousl
usly
y D. disorderly
7. A. reaches B. undertakes c. approa ch ches D. tackl es
es
8. A, increased B. ascend ed c . risen D.s urg ed
9. A. creations B. pro
pro duc
ductio
tion
ns c. constructions D. formatio
formatio ns
10. A. outpourings B. outbreaks c. bur
bursts
sts D. flare-ups
VI. READING COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE 1
LOST CIVILIZATION OF PERU
Two thousand years ago a mysterious and little known civilization ruled the
norther
norther n coast of Peru. Its peopl
peoplee were calle
called
d the Moch
Moche.The
e.They
y built huge
hug e and

94

 bizarre pyrami
pyramids ds that still d ominate the sur rounding countryside; some well over
a hun dred feet talk Many a re so he avily eroded they look like natural hills; only
close up can you see they are made up o f millio millions
ns of mud bric
bricks.Se
ks.Sever
veral
al of the
 pyramid s, known as 'huacas', meaning sacred site in the local Indian dialect,
contain rich collections of murals depicting both secular and sacred scenes from
the Mo che w orld. Other
Otherss ho
house
use the elabo
elaborr ate tomb
tombss of Moch
Mochee le
leaders
aders..
Out in the desert, archaeologists have also found the 2,000-year-old remains
of an eextens
xtensii ve syste
system
m o f mumudd br
brick
ick aqued
aqueducts
ucts which enab
enable
le d the Moch
Mochee to tame
their desert environment. Many are still in use today, indeed there are signs that
 the Moche irrigated a larger area o f land than farmers in Peru do now.

But w ho.we re the Moche? How did they create such an apparently succe successsful
civilisation in the middle ooff the deser
desert,
t, what kind o f a societ
society
y was it, and wh
why
y did it
disappear? For decades it was one of the greatest archaeological riddles in South
America. But now at last, scientists are beginning to come up with answers.
As archaeologists have excavated at Moche sites they've unearthed some of
the most fabulous pottery and jewellery ever to emerge from an ancient
civilization. The Moche were pioneers of metal working techniques like gilding
and early forms of soldering. These skills ena bled them to create extraordinarily
intricate artefacts; ear studs and necklaces, nose rings and helmets, many heavily
inlaid with gold and precious stones.
But it was the pottery that gave the archaeologists their first real insight into
Moche life. The Moche left no written record but they did leave a fabulous
account of t heir life aandnd time
timess jn paint
paintings
ings on.p
on.pots
ots and ves
vessels.
sels. Many show
everyday
everyda y eve nts and o bjects such as people, fish, birds and other animals. Others
show scenes from what, at first sight, look like a series of battles.
But as the archaeologists studied them more closely they realised they, weren't
ordinary battles; all the soldiers were dressed alike, the same images were
repeated time and again. When the battle was won, the vanquished were ritually
sacrificed; their throats cut, th e blood drained into a cup and the cup d runk by a
God-like deity. It was, the archaeologists slowly realised, a story not of war but
ritual combat followed by human sacrifice.
But what did it mean. Was it a real or mythological scene; and, above all, was
it a clue to the Moche's life and times?
The first break through came when a Canadian archaeologist called Dr Steve
Bourget,
Bourg et, of the Unive
Universit
rsityy o f Texa
Texass in A
Austin
ustin,, disco
discovere
vered
d a collection o f bones
bones at
one of the
t he m ost important Moche huacas. Exa Examining
mining them he realised he wasn 't
looking at an ordinary burial site. The bodies had been systematically
dismembered and marks on neck vertebrae indicated they had had their throats
cut. Here was physical proo f that the images o f combat and sacrifice on the pots
were depic ting not a m ythological scene but a real one.
Many of the skeleton s were deeply encased in mud which meant the burials
had to have taken place in the rain. Yet in this part o f Peru it alm ost never rains.

95

Bourget realised there had to be a deliberate connection between the rain and the
sacrifices. It lead him to a new insight into the Moche world. The Moche, like
most dese
desert
rt soc
societi
ietiee s, had prapracti
cticed
ced a form of ri ritual
tual designed
desig ned to celeb
celebrate
rate or
encourage
encou rage rain
rain.. The sac sacrifi
rifices
ces were abo
about
ut maki
makin
n g an unpre dicta
dictable
ble w
world
orld more
 predict able. A harsh envir onm ent had moulded a harsh civil civilisatio
isatio n with an
elaborate set of rituals designed to ensure its survival.
These
The se dis
disco
cover
verie
iess ansanswe
wered
red one qu quest
estion
ion - wha
whatt was the icoicono
no graph
graph y al
alll
about - but st still
ill le
left'
ft' a central riddle
riddle.. What had gongonee wrong; why had Moche
society
society final
finally
ly colla
collapsed
psed?The
?The next clue was to come from hundr hundreds
eds of mimiles
les
 away in the Andes mountains. Here climate researcher Dr Lonnie Thompson, of

Ohio State Univers

University,
ity, was gathe
gatherr ing evi
evidenc
dencee of the region's clima tic history
using ice cores drilled in glaciers.
Almost immediately Thompson and his team noticed something intriguing.
The historic records showed that over the last one hundred years, every time the
ice cores showed drought in the mountains, it corresponded to a particular kind
of wet weat her on the co coast,
ast, a weath
weath er syst
system
em known as an El Nino. In o othe
the r
words droug ht in tthehe mountains meant an El Nino on the coast. If Thompson Thom pson
could trace back the climate record in the mountains he'd also get a picture of
what happe
happened
ned on the coast. .
The result was fascinating. The climate record suggested that at around 560 to
650 AD - the ttime
ime tthe
he Moc
Mochehe we
were
re thoug
thoughtht to have collap
collapsed
sed - there had been a 30-
year drought in the mountains,
mountains, followed by 30 years or so of heavy rain and snow.
If the weather on the coast was the opposite, then it suggested a 30-year El
 Nino - what climat ologis
ologiststs call a mega El Nino - startin g at around 560 AD,
which was followed by a mega drought lasting another 30 years.-Such a huge
series of climati
climaticc extrem
extremee s woul
would d have been enough to kill of offf an civil
civilizati
izatio
on -
even
eve n a mo
moder
dern
n one
one.. Here, at las
last,
t, wa
wass a pla
plausi
usible
ble ttheo
heory
ry for the d isa
isapp
pp ear
earaa nce of
the Moche. But could it be pro ved?
Archaeologists set out to look for evidence. And it wasn't hard to find. All the
huacas are heavily eroded by rain - but scientists couldn't tell if this was recent
damagee or from tthe
damag he tim
timee of the Moc
Moche.he. But then Steve Bourg et fou found
nd evid ence
of enormous
enormo us rain dama
damagege at a Moche site calle
called
d Huanc
Huancaco
aco which he co
could
uld date.
Here new building work had been interrupted and torn apart by torrential rain,
and artefacts
artefa cts found in the dama
damaged
ged area dadated
ted to al
almo
mo st exactly the period
Thompson had predicted there would have been a mega El Nino. Thompson's
theory seemed to be stacking up.
Then archaeolog
archa eologists
ists began tto
o fi
find
nd evidenc
evidenc e of Thom pson
pson's
's meg
megaa drough
drought.
t.
They found huge sand dunes which appeared to have drifted in and engulfed a
numb er of Moche settle ment s around 600 to 650 A AD.
D. The story all fitted •
together. The evidence suggested the Moche had been hit by a doubly whammy:
a huge climate disaster had simply wiped them out.

96

For several
several year
yearss this becam
becamee th
thee ac cept
cepted
ed version o f even
events;
ts; the riddle
riddle of the
Moche had been solved.
- The
Therere wa
wass onl
only
y one prprob
oblem.
lem. In the llate
ate 1990
1990ss Am
Amerierica
cann ar
archaeolo
chaeologg ist Dr
Tom Dilleh ay reviste
revisted
d some of the more
mor e obscur
obscuree Moche sites and found that the
dates didn't match with the climate catastr
catastrophe
ophe exp
explan
lanation.
ation. Many of these
settlee ments were later than
settl th an 650 AD. C lear
learly
ly the w eath
eathee r had
hadn't
n't bee
been
n the c ause of
their demise.
He a lso found some
something
thing else. Many of the new settlem ents were quite unlike
 previous
 previo us Moche settlem
settlements.
ents. Instead of huge huacas, the Moche had started
  build ing fortress
fortresses.
es. They had been at war.
But who with? Searching the site for clues, Dillehays's team were unable to
find any non-Moche
non-M oche milita ry ar tefacts. It could only m ean one thing. The Moche
had being fighting amongst themselves.
Dilleh ay now put togeth er a new theo theory.
ry. The Moche had strugstruggled
gled through
the climatic disasters but had been fatally weakened. The leadership - which at
leastt in part claime
leas claimed d a utho
uthori
ri ty on the ba
basis
sis of b
being
eing able to dete
determin
rminee the weat
weathe
herr
- had lost its author
authority
ity and con
control
trol over its people. Moche villages and and/or
clan groups turned on each other in a battle for scare resources resourc es like food and
land. The Moche replaced ritual battles and human sacrifices with civil war.
Gradua
Grad ually
lly t hey fought them
themselv
selves
es into the grave
grave..
‘ Yet even that's not , the whole story. Today, along the coast of Peru it's

impossible
impossi
work ofble to craftsm
local escape en.
the And
legacy of this
if you lostto
travel ci the
vilization. Their
highlands, theartMoche
lives on in the
tradition
of ritualised
rituali sed comb at is preserved in the Tin Tinkuku ceremonies where highland
villages conduct ceremonial battles against each other in the hope of ensuring a
good harvest. ,
Today, after 1,500 y ears, the Moche, and their legacy are beg beginn
inning
ing to tak
takee
their place in world history. The story o f the Moche is an epic accoun accountt o f society
that thou ght iitt coul
couldd control the world and what happened to it when it found it
couldn't.
couldn 't. It's a story of human achiev
achievee ment and natural disaster
disaster,, human sacrifice
and war.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the  

Reading Passage?
TRUE Write agrees with the Information
if the statement
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
 NO T GIVEN if there is no information on this
ANSWER 
1. Chiefs are buried in some pyramids. 1. ___
_______ 
____ 
2. M oche wate r chan
channels
nels have lasted to the present day. 2 .__
.____
____
___ 
_ 
3. Archaeologists found evidence that the Moche used money. 3.
4. Texts in the Moche language were discovered. 4. _______ 
5. Pottery designs had scenes o f the Moche fighting foreign armies. 5. ____ __ 

97

 
Complete
MBEthe
A NU MBER notes.
R from theChoose
t he Readi NOP assage
Reading
ng MORE
ass THAN
age for each THREE
each answer. WORDS AND/OR  
answer.
6. T he aim of the killi
killings
ngs and burials was to make it mor
moree likely there would be

7. The extremely dry weather led to some Moche sites being covered by______ 
8. It was tho
though
ughtt the
theii r cciviliza
ivilization
tion had bee
beenn des
destro
troy
y ed by cha
change
ngess in t h e ______
_______ 
_ 
9. Dillehay found evidence that Moche society had survived beyond__________ 
10.. The fi
10 first
rst ev
evide
idence
nce o f milmilit
itaa ry acti
ac tivit
vity
y was the di
disco
scove
very
ry o f ___
______
______
___ _ 
Which THREE of these reasons does Dillehay suggest contributed to the  
 disap
disap pear
pear ance
ance o f the
the Moch
M ochee civili
civiliza
zatio
tion?
n?
A. a disastrous war with an external enemy
B. six decad
decadeses of extre
extreme
me weat
weath h er 
c. people no longer obeying their leaders
D. d ecl
eclining
ining rel
religi
igious
ous b eli
eliee f 
E. the practice of sacrificing people
PASSAGE 2
FOOTBALL’S PAST
In the early 19th  century, football was very popular in the top private schools
in England. Initially, each school had its own rules and while the pupils were still
at school the fact that they played by these particular rules hardly mattered.
When, however, they left for the universities or for business in the provinces, it

 becam
need a euniversa
clear
uni that
l setifothey
versal were
f rrules,
ules, to ab
a cceptcontinue
cceptab le to allplaying
team s. football they were going to
teams.
Up until the 1850s, two teams at, say, Oxford Universit University,
y, would only be
 playin g a fami liar game if everevery y player had been to the same school. As things
turned out, a major game was often preceded by a long correspondence with
lengthy arguments about the rules. Was handling to be allowed? How many
 playerss on each side? How long should the pitch be? How wide the goals?
 player
Would
Woul d carrying the ball be per permitted?
mitted? (‘Yes
(‘Yes’,
’, woul
wouldd say all
all th
thee ex-pu pils of
Rugby school; ‘No’, wouldwould say alm ost everyone else.) And even when the game
got under
unde r way, confus ion and protests wou would
ld necess itate long mid midfield
field
conferences between the two captains.

In time it became usual for the ex-Rugby students and their small but growing
company of followers from other schools to play ‘rugby’ football on their own.
and for t he othe
otherr s to come to some agreem
agreement
ent ov
over
er the rules of the mo
more
re popular
popula r
versio n. Few of these early codes of rules have come down to US compl complete,
ete, but
snatches from them give a cl clea
ea r idea of the p
patterns
atterns of the early game, and in
 partic ular how boring it must have been to stand in the col cold
d a nd watch.
The first seriou s attem pts at laylaying
ing d
down
own the rules of foot ball were made at
Cambridge University in 1848 and these were adapted and tightened up twice in
the 1850s
1850s.. The
Thenn in No vem ber 1862 the CambCambridg
ridgee Rules were
w ere revised yet again
and specified
specifie d 11-a-side, an u mpire from each side plus a n eutral referee , goals 12
feet (3.7m) across and up to 20 feet (6.15m) high and an hour and a quarter’s
98

 play only. These rules were said to have w orked well; in the follow ing year they
formed
formed a vvit
itaa l part o f the
the rules o f the
the newly fo
form
rm ed Footba
Football
ll Assoc
Assoc iation.
iation.
The formation
formati on of tthe he Football Associa
Associati
ti on was bibitter
tter and o
often
ften ill-tempered.
With neither
neith er side wilwillin
ling
g to give
give way, the spl split
it betw
between
een rugby players
player s and the
rest becam e too wid widee ever to be mended. The real disag disagreem
reem ent was not over
running with the ball, but over ‘hacking’. Rugby players felt it was manly and
courageous to tackle an opponent by kicking him on the leg: the others did not,
and voted against it. The rugby men called them cowards and walked out.
Rugby did, however, leave behind one significant innovation- the more precise
 name for its competitor. The story may not be true, but the legend iiss that one Charles
Wreford-Brown, who later became a notable official of the Football Association,
was asked by some friends at Oxford whether he would join them for a game of
rugby or ‘rugger’, as it was now oftoften
en called. Hẹ refused, clai
claiming
ming that he was going
to play ‘socc er' — evidently a play on the word ‘association’. It caught on.
—evidently
1. In th e m iddle of the 19th ce
 centur
ntury,
y, it became clear tthat
hat ........
..........
A. university football was played by a special set of rules.
B. not all football teams were prepared to accept standard rules
c. each school had different rules for football.
D. provincial footballers players by old-fashioned.
2. Before the mid-19th century, the rules for important games were mainly settled
 b y .. .. ..
A. le tters e xchan
xchang g ed before th e m match.
atch. 1

B. players from the same school.

c. a special meeting between the two captains.
D. all the players on the pitch.
3. We know from the text th at football before 1848 wa s.........
A. very sim ilar to modern rugby.
B. more strictly regulated than rugby.
c. alway
alwayss played with the same widt widthh go
goal..
al..
D. not very interesting for spectators.
4. Th
Thee w ord ‘sn
‘snaa tche
tc he s’ pro
probably
bably means ......
.........
...
A. de tailed copies B. playe rs’ descripti ons
c. short extracts D. carefu
carefull diagram
diagramss
5. The
The C amb
ambriri dge Rul
Ruleses of 186
18622 la
laid
id down ......
........
..
A. the
th e mini
minimum
mum t ime for a gam game. e. B. the n umber of playe
players
rs and offic
officiaials,
ls,
c. the exact size of the goal D. the m aximum
aximum lengt
length
h of the pitch.
pitch.
6. Ru gby play
player
erss ccou
ould
ld not aagre
greee with the Foo Footbatball
ll Association
Association ov er ....’.
... .’...
A. running with the ball B. kicking other players
c. what to call the game D. the
the shape o f the goal
7. The word ‘it’ refers to ....
.......
...
A. the Football Association, B. the use o f ‘ru
‘rugg
gg er’ for rugby.
c. the game at Oxford. D. the new name for football.

99

B, WRITTEN TEST
CLO ZE T EST: Read the text and fill in each gap with ONE suita ble word 
I. CLOZE
OPEN CLOZE 1
Chocolate has an intriguing history that goes way back in time to the Mayas
of Central
Central Ameri
Ameri ca, who first discovere
discoveredd the secr
secret
et of the coc
cocoa
oa tree. The Maya
Mayass
educate
educatedd the
the Az tecs, w ho in turn reveal
revealed
ed all to the
th e European
Europeans.s.
The Aztec
Aztec s called
called the drink
drink they mmade
ade from crushe
crushedd coco
cocoaa bean
beanss ( 1 ) ____ 
with vanilla
va nilla and sugar ’The Food of the God
Gods’,
s’, a term (2 )___
)_____
__ chan
changed
ged to ’The
Food for Love’ in Europe. Many do swear that chocolate is an aphrodisiac and
 event recent
rece nt research
researc h (3) _ ____
___ _ proved that chocolate does help ÚS to relax and
feel more
mo re s ensual
ensual (Casan
(Casan ova s wore by it).
Chocoo late has changed
Choc changed a great
great deal
deal (4 )_____
)_____ the ddays ays of the Aztec
Aztecs.s. For a
start,, Europ
start Europ eans found (5 )___ )_______ preferred
preferred the ta taste
ste if they
th ey di
didn
dn ’t inclu
include
de chilli
 pepperr ( 6 )_____ its production!
 peppe pr oduction! Spain held
h eld a mo
monopoly
nopoly on chocolate
choco late (7 )______ 
1615, when the daughter daugh ter of Phillip 11 11 of Spa
Spain
in married
married King Louis XIII of 
Francee and took
Franc took the secret
secret of chocolate with her. But ( 8 ) _____ _____ so, chocola
chocolate te
recipes
recip es wer
weree a closely guard
guardee d secre
secrett for hund
hundred
redss ooff yyears
ears..
Although in great demand, the quality of chocolate at that time was very
changg eabl
chan eablee . It all changed
changed in the early ninet
ninetee enth century,
century, (9)____
(9)____,, wwhen
hen t he first
Swiss chocolate factory was founded near Vevey, (10) __ the shadow of 
 beautifull Lake Geneva. The founder and the father of Swiss choco
 beautifu chocolate
late was
Fracois-Louis Cailler. You can still buy Cailler chocolate today; in fact, most of
the original chocolate ’names’ are still in existence centuries on.
OPEN CLOZE 2
THE WORLD OF COSMOPOLITAN
One maga
magazz ine, (1 )____
)____ than anyany other,
other, symbolize
symbolizess the global
global domin
dominance
ance of 
Western youth culture and fashion. Cosmopolitan,   the lifestyle and fashion guide
for women
women in the 18-3 18-344 age group
group,, ( 2 ) ____now publis
publishh ed in 28 lan languag
guages.
es.
From Latvia
Latvia to India,
India, wome
womenn (3( 3 ) ____to Cosmo  for advice and a taste of adult
content in a lighthearted, upbeat style. Each local (4) ____follows the same
formula, which is strictly laid down in a secret 50-page instruction manual. The
cover,
cove r, for example,
exam ple, of ever
everyy issue must depict
depict a w oman whowho (5 )___)_____ the spi
spirit
rit
of Cosmo,   which is summed up in its slogan: fun and fearless female. But each
local editor ensures that Cosmo   reflects local tastes and is respectful (6).____ 
local culture.
culture . Photog raphs are mostly of of local celebr
celebrities
ities who are easily
recognised, and relationship advice is geared to the values of the local
 population.
 populat ion. In China, for example,
examp le, any mention of sex would be unacceptabl unacc eptable,
e,
(7) ____the magazine still offers beauty advice amongst articles advocating
 patriotism and good citizenship.
citizen ship. With an internat
international
ional ( 8 ) ____ of 8.2 million,
Cosmopolitan   can
can be said toto (9
( 9 ) ____
____ succee
succeeded
ded in cater
caterii ng fo
forr th
thee needs and
interests of women worldwide. But to others, Cosmopolitan   is just another
American product successfully marketed to the (10)____of the world.

100

IL WORD FORMATION
PART 1: Complete
Co mplete each senten
se ntence,
ce, using the cor
correct
rect fo
form
rm of
o f tthe
he word in parentheses
parent heses
1. For tthe
he fir
first
st nig
nig ht'
ht'ss pe rfor
rform
m anc
ancee th e ___
______
______
______
______
___ had to be called
called in to
take the part because the leading lady was ill, (STUDENT)
2. S he survi
survivv ed the crash wi with
th minor injurie
injuries,
s, but t he ca r was a _____ . (WRITE)
3. S ome •______
___________
______ _ memb
membersers left to form a new party
party.. (AFFE
(AFFECT)
CT)
4. T hey are on a (n )_____
)__________
___________
_______ _ mis
mission
sion to ga ther all data,
dat a, surveys
survey s and
spec ialis
ialistt rep
reports
orts to op pose the no smokismokin n g ban in Irelan
Ireland
d . ( FACT)
5. P ayi
aying
ng chil
child d ren too m uch att attent
ention
ion w
when
hen tthe
he y m isb
isbehave
ehave can b e _________
______
____
_.
(DEFEAT)
 to a chi
chiee ve but h aviaving
ng an o ppo
pposit
sitee effe ct
6. Prices may rise and consumption
consum ption may fa ll as individua ls refrain from
 purc hasin g n ew cars, compu ters and o th er _________ _______ . (E SSEN CE)
7. The onlonlyy slig
sl ig ht ___
______
______
______
_____ __ in the p ain
aintin
ting
g is a sc ratch
ratch in the corn
corner.
er.
(PERFECT)
8. Hi
Hiss lif
lifee of
offere
feredd me no hope o f__ f_____
______
______
_______ . (GO
(GOOD)
OD)
9. Ca tho
tholic
lic lea
leaders
ders hav
havee n o t__
t_____
______
______
___ _ the
themse
msell ves from ththee am bivale
bivalent
nt
state
sta te ment em emana
anati
tin
n g ffrom
rom las
lastt w eek’s fu
funer
neral.
al. (SO
(SOCIAL)
CIAL)
10. Na tive speak
speakers ers of all
all w ritte
ritten
n langu
language
agess use contex t t o ___________
_____________  __ 
homophone pairs that have a single written form. (AMBIGUOUS)

 
PART 2: Complete the following passage using the words given in the box 
below.. You may change
below chang e the form o f the word i f necessary.
neces sary.
decima
imation
ion informa
mattion   weak er pic k institute
 gov ern men tal capit al    lobby legisla ttee   states

“ Aft
Aftee r deca
decadd es of cutt
cuttii ng its own staff and researc researchh arm
arms,
s, much of C Capi
apitol
tol
Hill’s ( 1 ) ___
______
___ mem
memo o ry anand
d ppoli
olicy
cy expert
expertis isee now resi
resides
des in the (2 (2)) __ ___
____ 
_ 
industry.” This is the most important sentence in the article. Our penny-wise,
 poun d-foo lish count ry has ( 3 ) ______ its expertis expertisee in the sectors that are the
object
obje ct o f its (4 )_____
)______ _ , so now it re lies on lobbylobbyists
ists to tell US how thing
thingss work.
Unlike government experts who receive decent salaries to keep their congressmen
(5) ______ so tthat hat they can negonegotiatiate
te wit
withh lobbyist
lobbyistss with knowledge
know ledge,, these
these
lobbyists use their monopoly on knowledge to manipulate the system, now
regularly
regu larly wr iting the laws, only to get a ru bber stam stampp from Congre
Congress.
ss. Acco rding
to our
our Cons
Constitu
tituti
tion,
on, demo
democracy
cracy resid
resides
es in our government. All this this ( 6 ) ______ 
______ 
 prop agan da, from the right and the Democra tic centrist s, (7) _ ____our republic .
There are many things markets do well. There are many things governments do
well.
wel l. The only thi things
ngs the Const
Constii tution
tution say
sayss ab
about
out marke
marke ts or (8 ) ___
______
___ is t hat
states should regulate their trade and that the federal government regulates
(9) ______ and international trade. Our republ republii c is supposed
suppos ed to prom
promoteote the
genera
gen erall wel
welff are
are,, not e asy (1 0) ___
______
___ for glo
globa
ball c orpora
orporatio
tions.
ns.

101

III. ERROR CORRECTION.

The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them
 LINE 
1  People in Brita in today still pay a great deal of attenti
attentions
ons to the notion of
class. According to recent research by linguists, British people attach
much signific ance to ac accent
cent and chochoice
ice of wo
words
rds than anyth ing else, even
wealth
weal th , w hen asses
assessin
singg oth er p eopl
eoplee socia
sociall statu
status.
s. Howe
Howevever,
r, a n ew style of 
5 English pronunciatio
pronunciation
n has been adopte
adoptedd by people from all levels o f society
may soon make it impossible to judge somebody according to their speech.
The new standard English is known as Estuary English (EE) although it is
 The new standard English is known as Estuary English (EE) although it is

originated
throughoutt in
throughou thethe area round
south-east. the o
A way River
f sp Thames
speaking
eaking estuary,
is ve
very butr with
ry popula
popular is now
th e typical
yo
young
ung
10   in particular, who are kee
10 keenn to disguise their social origins.
The most character feature of EE is a tendency to weaken consonants,
 particularly
 partic ularly / and t   sounds, so the word what   is heard as wha wha   and will   
sounds something like wiw. wiw.   Some vowels are voiced clearly so that the
words full, fa ll  and/òơ/
 and/òơ/ sound virtually the same, which can cause ambiguity.
75 EE speech is a controversi
controversialal subject in England - some people welc welcomom e it
as a sign that Britain is moving towards towards a free-class society, but oth others
ers
consider
consi der it a lazy, ignoran
ignorantt way of speak
speaking,
ing, and schools have told to
encoura
encouragege ttheir
heir ppu
u pils to spea
speakk mo
morere cor
correctl
rectly.
y.
2. 3 ._ 
4. 5. 6. _ 
7. 8. 9. _ 
10..
10

IV. R ewrite
ewrite the followi
fol lowing
ng sente
sentence
nces,
s, using the words
wo rds g iven
1. When confron
confronted
ted with his crime the accused was unre
unrepentant.
pentant. (REM ORSE )
-> T he ___
_______
________
________
________ ._
_______
__________
________
_____ _ crim
crimee he had comm
committed
itted..
2. My brothe
brotherr ggets
ets a terr
terrible
ible rash every tim
timee h
hee eats sea
seafood
food.. (BRIN
(BRINGS
GS )
 —> E ati ng ________
_______________
_______________
_____________a
_____a terr
terrible
ible crash.
3. Journalists are expected to work until late at night. (PUT)
 —>Jour nalists are eexp
xpect
ect ed_____
ed_____________
________________
________ .
4. He had no idea what was going to happen to him when he walked into that
room. (STORE)
 —> L it tl e_______
e___________
____ ________
_______________
_______________
________________
_________
_ him when he
walked into that room.
5 . 1was ddee term
termined
ined to take a dvan
dvantage
tage of the exp
experien
erience.
ce. (MIS
(MISSED
SED))
-» 1wo uld___
ul d_______
_______
_______
________
________
______su
__such
ch an expe
experien
rience
ce for all the w
world.
orld.
6. S omeo
omeone
ne must havhavee seen the th
thie
ieves
ves esc
escapin
aping
g with the jew els. (MAK
(MAKING)
ING)
 —» Th e thie ves ._
_______________
___________________
_____ _ ________
_________with
_with the jewels
jewels..

102

7. In order to discover how the disagreement had started, Mary talked to each
child separately. (ONE)
-> Mary
M ary ta lked to the ch ild
ildren
ren __________
_______________
__________
__________
__________
_____ attempt to
discover how the disagreement had started.
8. Minnie
Min nie mean
meantt well so you mu stn't
stn 't be offe
offended
nded by he r comments.
comm ents. (AMIS
(AMIS S)
 —> Pl ea se _________________________
____________________________ ___ because she m eant well.
9. Th ere are so man
manyy dif
differen
ferentt styl
styles
es of ethnic
ethnic cuisine
cuisine to choose from these
th ese days.
(SPOILT)
 —>Th ese days, w e ___________________ when it comes to ethn ic c uisine.
10. Ray ag onize
onized
d o ver w hethe
hetherr he
he shoul
should
d tell
tell his host that the
the chic
chicken
ken was
 underdone. (QUANDARY)
 —> Discov ering that his chicke
chickenn was u nde rdo ne________________________ 
should he tell his hos
hostt or not.

TRƯỜNG
TRƯỜNG THPT CCHUYẾN
HUYẾN NGUYEN DU - Đ ẮK LẮK

I. WOR
WORD D CH
CHOI OI CE (5 pts)
Choos
Cho osee the b est opoptio
tions
ns to ccomomple
pletete the fol
follo
lowin
wing g ssent
entenc
encee s.
1. The ma n's cho ice to run away vir virtua
tually_____
lly_______ __ to an admi
admissi
ssioo n of guilt.
guilt.
A. resu lted B. came c. amounte
amounted d D. added
2. E nvi
nvironmental
ronmental pol pollut
lution
ion h as ___
______
____ _ man
many y sp
speci
ecies
es to the verg
vergee of extin
extincti
ction.
on.
A. se nt B, throw
thrownn c.  brought D. driven
3. After
Af ter y ear
earss of wor
workin
king g tto
o gether
gether,, the par
partne
tners
rs fou
found
nd t hem selves _________
___ lin
linked
ked..
A. p erma
ermanently
nently B. indel
indelibly
ibly c. perpetu
 perpetuallyally D. ine
inextricabl
xtricablyy
4. It was decided that th thee cost of the project w would
ould b e _____
_______ __ and so it was
abandoned.
A. re press
pressiv
iv e B. prohi
prohibb itiv
itivee c. restri
restrict
ct ive D. exclusive
5. Living
Living by thethe oce
oceaa n rea
realllly
y _ _ _ _ _ yo ur___
ur___________ . O nce
nce y ou've
ou've l ived
ived there,
there,
you never want to leave.
A. ca me .in/
.in/heart
heart B. get in/h
in/hear
eartt c. run in/blood D. came in/blood
6. Ta mar
maraa has set h er _________
____ _ on bec
becomoming
ing a bball
allet
et-da
-dance
ncer.
r.
A. fe et B. bra
brain
in c. head D. heart
7. P aul
aul's
's been in AlAlice
ice’s
’s b ad ___
______
____
_ eve
everr since
si nce he offended
offended her a t the party.
party.
A. ey es B. books c. likes D. treats
8. K nowin
nowin g the
th e c onfid
onfiden
ential
tial detai
details
ls gave him a( n) ___ over the
the othe
otherr candid
candidates.
ates.
A. ed ge B. possibility c. exertion D. fringe
9. He pro mise
misedd me an Oxfor
Oxford d dictionary
diction ary and to my great jjoy,
oy, h e _____ his w ord.
A. stood by B. stuck at c. went back on D. held onto
10. His new play is not only interesting butalso unique. It is really off the beaten

A. tr ack B. road c. path D. ro

route
ute

103

II. STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR (5 pts)

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1. John: “Ou r teac her, Mr. Jones, is not very flexib le. He alway s requ ires US US to
submit
submit his
his as
assi
sign
gnmemenn ts on t im
ime.
e. ”
Jack:
Jack: “____
“__________ . He s hou
houldld know
know tha t we have to lear learn
n many s ubje
ubje cts.
cts. ”
A. I can ’t dis
disaa gre
greee wit
withh you mor
moree B. I c an ’t agree
agree w ith you mormoree
c. That can be tr ue D. I am not w ith you here
2. The m ore
ore ex
expe
pe ns
nsive
ive c arpet
arpet is a ggoo
ood
d c ho ic
ice_
e___
____
____ __ it wil
willl la
last
st long
longer
er..
A. by me
mean
an s of B. du
duee to c . in th
thaa t D. in vi
view
ew o f 
3. Ther
Theree was no one down downstairs
stairs;; so he turned of f th e lights again and decide decidedd
 that she imagined t hings
hings..
A. m ust have
have B. should hav
havee c. can’t have
have D. n ee
eed
d n’
n’tt hav
hav e
4. Little Deon: “This herb smells horrible!”
M om my :_ :___
____
____
__ , it wil
willl do yo
you
u a po
pow
w er o f good
good..
A. Be th at a s it may B. Com e w hat m ay
c. How much horrible is it D. Wh ateve
ateverr it smells
5. _______
_______ I’ve toltold
d him not to go out wit with
h those p eople,
eople, but he w oul dn’t listen.
Just let him face the music now.
A. M any a tim
timee B. M any the tim
timee c . Qui
Quite
te a tim
timee D. Fo r a ti me
6. _______
_______ as tas te is really a com posite sense made up o f both taste and smell.
A. T hat we ref
refee r to B. W hat we r efer
efer to

To w hic
c. ____ hich
h we refrefer
er D. Wh at do we refe refe r to
7. ______
___ _ the w ate
aterr cle
cleaa r but also prev
prevee nt the rive
riverr fro
from
m ove
overf
rflow
lowin
in g.
A. Not only the hippo’s eating habits keep
B. K eep not o only
nly t he h ippo’s eeating
ating ha
habi
bi ts
c. The hip
hippo’
po’ss eating
eating habi
habits
ts not only kekeep
ep
D. Not on ly k eep the hippo’s eating ea ting hab
habits
its
8. Co mputer are said to b e ___ ______
_____ for the dev
devee lop
lopmm ent of mankin
mankind.d.
A. h ere tod
today
ay B. her
heree and t her
heree
c . here
here to s tay D. neithe
nei therr here
here nor t here
here
9. Did the min
minister
ister ap
appp rov
rovee the b uild
uilding
ing pla ns?
ns?-- N ot r eal
eally,
ly, he tturn
urned
ed th em down
down
 _______ that the costs were too high.
A. in case B. prov
provided
ided c. on ththee g ro
roun
und d s D. s upposing
upposing
10.. It was such a loud n
10 no
o is e___
e_______
____ every
everyoo ne in the house
house
A. as to w ake B. tha
thatt to w ake c. so as to w ake D. th at w aki akin
ng

III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 pts)

Choose the word or phrase which which best completes each sentence.
1. H e ___
______
____
_ a big
bi g fo rtu
rtune
ne wh
when
en he was yo
you
u ng, so he did
didn
n 't have
ha ve to w ork hard
hard..
A. c ame into B. cam
camee up c. cam
camee ac ross
ross D. ca me round
round
2. Are you t ak in g__
g_____
_______ all of the
these
se phr
phrasa
asall ver
verbs?
bs?
A. fo r B. dow
down n c. of f D. in

104

3. The
A. bmed
medic
ear ic ine ta
with takes
kes o
one
ne
B. hour
kick tino ___
______
_____c.
. make out D. get by
4. Have
Have yo u ___ ______
_____ wi
with
th you
yourr hom
homew ew ork yyet?
et?
A. go tten throu
througgh B. take
takenn over c . thought up D. checked over 
5. Je nn ife r_______ the invitation to join US for dinner.
A. cal
called
led on B. come ou outt c. got out of  D. passed on
6. I f he'
he'ss clums
cl umsy,
y, he can b um p__
p_____
_______ the desk
desk..
A. by B. ove
overr c . into D. throu
through
gh
7. We can put you for a few days if you have nowhere else to live.
A. on B. out c . up D. o ff 
 8. Mary was asto
astonis
nished
hed that shshee w as __   __ for the counse lor s position
position..
A. go t by B. turned down c. caugh
caughtt on D. come to
9. A fte
fterr running up tthe
he sta
stairs
irs,, I w as ___   breath.
A. wi
withou
thoutt B. out of  c. no D. away
away from
10. She n early lost h er own life
li fe ___
___atte
attempti
mptin
n g to save the chil
child
d from drow
drownin
ning.
g.
A. wit
with h B. for c . at D. in

IV. COLLOCATI
COLLOCATI ONS AND IDIOMS (5 pts)
1. I fe lt a b it _____
_______
__ and se emed to have more aches and p ains than usual.
A. ou t o f sorts c . on the mend
B. o ver t he wo rst D. und
under
er the fever 
2. A: ‘Oh, I'm eexhaus
xhausted
ted!! I'v e been do
doing
ing h omew
omeworkork all day.'
B: ‘Come and put yo ur up for 5 minute
minutess and I’ll make you a cup of tea.’
A. ha nds B. hair c. heart D. feet
3. His English was rou gh ly__ly_______
_____ with my Greek
Greek,, so com muni
municc ation
ation was
rather difficult!
A. levelled B. on a par c . equal D. in tu ne
4. Although she had never used a word-proceesor before, she soon got the
 _____ of it.
A. feel B. touch c. move D. hang
5. I over slept this morni ng and caught the last bus to school by the skin of my

A. m outh B. leg c. neck D. teeth

6. If you want a flat in the centre of the city, you have to pay throug h the
for it.
A. te eth B. back of your he ad c. nose D. arm
7. You wi
will
ll be p
puu ttin
tting
g your life on th e____
e_______ ___ if you tak e up skydiving.
skydivi ng.
A. gr ound . B. line c . way D. lane
8. As far as her future goes, Oli Olivia
via i s _____
_______ __ . She ha sn't got a clue what
wha t c areer 
to follow.
A. on the level B. all at sea c. behind the scenes D. in tthe he know
9. Y our husb
husbanan d w as a bbit
it out of con
contro
troll at the part
party,
y, t o ______
________ mildl
mildly
y.
A. tak e it B. put it c . say D. tell

105

10.. T
10 Ther
heree is a la
large
rge ef fo rt ____
________
____ to rebu
rebuild
ild arts edu
educc ation in the New York 
city public schools.
A. und
under
er wa y B. a long way c. out of the way D. in the way
V. READING COMPREHENSION (10PTS):
Read the pasages below and choose the best answer to each question.  
PASSAGE 1
They are just four, five and six years old right now, but already they are
making criminologists nervous. They are growing up, too frequently, in abusive
or broken homes, with little adult supervision and few positive role models. Left
to themselve
them selves,
s, they spen
spendd much of their time hanging out on the streestreets
ts or
 soakin
soak in g up v viol
iolent
ent TV shows. By t he ye year
ar 2 005 they wi will
ll be teena ger s-a group
that tends to be, in the view of Northeastern University criminologist James Alan
Fox,, “tempora
Fox “temporary ry sociopa ths
ths-- impuisi ve and immature.” , if they also have ea easy
sy
access to guns and drugs, they can be extremely dangerous.
For all the heart ening news offered by recen recentt crime statisti cs, there is an
ominous flip side. While the crime rate is dropping for adults, it is soaring for
teens. Betwe en 1990 and 1994, the rate at which adults age 25 and older
committed homicides declined 22%; yet the rate jumped 16% for youths
 betwe en 14 and 17 17,, the age group that in the early ’90s suppla nted 18- to 24-
year-olds as the most crime-prone. And that is precisely the age group that will
 be boom ing in the next decade. There are c urren urrently
tly 39 million childre
children n unde r 10
in th e U.S., more than at a ny tim timee since the 1950s. “This is th e calm before th e 
before the
crime storm,”   says Fox. “So long as we fool ourselves in thinking that we're
winning the war against crime, we may be blindsided by this bloodbath of
teenage violence that is lurking  in  in the
th e f utu
uture.
re.””
Demogra
Dem ograp
p hics do n't have to be destiny,
destiny, but othe otherr social trend
trendss do little tto o
contradict the dire predictions. Nearly all the factors that contribute to youth
crim
cri m e-sing le-
le-p
p arent hou
house
seho
holds
lds,, child ab abuse
use,, deteriora
deteriorating
ting inner
inner-- cit
city
y sc
scho
hooo ls -
are getting worse. At the same time, government is becoming less, not more,
interee sted in spen
inter spending
ding money to help br break
eak the c ycle of povpoverty
erty and crime
crime.. All o f
which has led John J. Dilulio Jr., a p profes
rofessor
sor of p oliti
olitics
cs and pub
public
lic affai
affairs
rs at

Princeton, to warn about a new generation of “super predators,” youngsters who

are coming of age in actu
actuaa l and “moral pove
poverr ty,” w ithout ““th
th e benef
benefit
it o f paren
parents,
ts,
teach ers, coach es and clergy to teach them right or wron wrong g and show them
unconditional love.”
Predict
Predicting
ing a gene
generatio
ration's
n's future crim
crimee patte
patterns
rns is, of cour
course,
se, risky
risky;; especial
especialll y
when outside factors (Will crack use be up or down? Will gun laws be tightened?)
remain unpredic
unpredictable.
table. Michael Tonry, a profess
professoror of law and pu public
blic policy at the
University of Minnesota, argues that the demogr demographic
aphic doomsa
doomsayers
yers are un unduly
duly
alarmist . “Ther
“Theree will be a slightly larger numbe
numberr of p people
eople relative to the overall
 population
 populati on who are a t high risk for doing bad things, so th at's g oing to have some

106

effect, he coconcedes.
ncedes. “But it's not going to be an apocalyptic effect." Norval
Morris,, profes
Morris professs or of law and crimin
criminology
ology at the Univer
University
sity of Chicago, finds
Dilulio s notion of supe r predators too simplistic: “The human animal in young
males is quite a violent animal all over the world. The people who put forth the
theory
theory o f moral ppo
o verty lack a se
sense
nse o f histo
history
ry and ccompar
omparative
ative crim inology."
inology."
Yet other students ooff the inner city are more pessimistic. “All the basic elements
that spawn teenage crime are still in place, and in many cases the indicators are
worse," says Jonathan Kozol, author o f Amazing Grace, an examination o f poverty
in the South Bronx. “There's a dramatic increase of children in foster care, and that's
a very high-risk group of kids. We’re not creating new jobs, and we're we' re not
improving education to suit poor people for the jobs that exist."
 improving education to suit poor people for the jobs that exist.
Can anything
anythi ng defuse the demographic
demograp hic time bomb? Fox urges “rein vesting in
children": improving schools, creating after-school programs and providing
other alternatives
altern atives to gangs and dr drugs.
ugs. Dilulio, a law-and
law-and-orde
-orderr conserv
conservative,
ative,
advocates tougher prosecution and wants to strengthen religious institutions to
instill better values. Yet he opposes the Gingrich-led effort to make deep cuts in
social programs. “A failure to maintain existing welfare and health commitment
for kids,
kids,"" he says, “ is to guarant
guarantee
ee tth
h at th
thee next wave of juvenil
juvenil e preda
predators
tors will be
even worse than we’re dealing with today." Dilulio'urges fellow conservatives to
think o f Medica
Medicaidid not as a healt
health-care
h-care progr
programam but as “a
“an
n anti
anticrime
crime po
policy.”
licy.”
(Source: Time Magazine)
1. Yo
You
u ng ch
childr
ildren
en are ma
makin
king
g crimino
criminolog
logii sts nervo
nervous
us b ec
ecau
ause
se___
______
____
_.
A. they are commit
committing ting too much crime
B. they are impulsive and immature
c. they may grow up to be criminals
D. they have no role models
2. The general crime rate in the US i s ____ _______
___ .
A. in creas
creasing
ing B. decre
decreas
as ing c. not changing
cha nging D. difficu
difficu lt to predict
3. The age grgr oup w hichichh com
commitmitss the hig
highe
hest
st rat
ratee of crime i s ___
______
_____.
A. 14—17 B. 1 8 -2 4 c. 24 + D. the old
4. James
Jam es Fox belbelii eve
evess tha
thatt the
the imp
improv
rovem
ement
ent in cr
crime
ime figu
figu res c ou ld ______
_______ _.
A. make
ma ke US co mplac ent in the figh t aga against
inst crime
B. resu lt in an increase in teenage violence

c. make US bec ome fooled and blinds

blindsided
ided
D. result in a decrease in teenage violence
5. Accor
Ac cording
ding to parag
paragrap
raphh 3, tthe
he g overnm ent
ent___
______
_____.
A. cutting down on the budget
B. is doing everything it can to solve the problem
c. is not interested in solving the problem
D. is not doing enough to solve the problem
6. In c ompa
omparison
rison with JaJames
mes Fox, Micha
Michael
el Tonry is _____
_________ .
A. more
mo re pes
pessimistic
simistic ■ B. les
lesss pessimi
pessimisti
sticc
c. equal
equalll y p essim
essimistic
istic D. indiffere
ind ifferent
nt

107

7. Jon
Jonaa tha
thann Kozol bel believ
ieves es t h at ___
______
____ _.
A. there is no solution to the problem
B. em plo ploy
y ment aan n d education are no nott the answ er 
c. emp
employm
loym ent and education can improve the situatio situationn
D. people can solve the problem by improving schools
8. Pr
Profe
ofess ssor
or Di
Dilu
lu lio th
thinks
inks t hat sspending
pending o onn socia
so ciall pro gra ms __
_____
_______ .
A. sh ould cont continue
inue as it is B. shou
should ld be d ecreased
c. 'i
'iss irr
irrele
elevan
vantt to cri
crime
me rates D. is a b ett
etter
er solution
solution to t he pro
proble
blem
m
9. The word ‘lur ‘lurkk ing ”  in the par
ing paragr
agraa ph 2 can be b est r eplaceplaced
ed b y __
_____
_____
__ .
A. h appappee nin
ningg B. hiding c. impen
impendingding D. lo omin
omingg
10. The sentence “Th “This is i s the
the calm
calm befor
beforee the
the crim
crim e stor m. ”  means "_ _____ .".
storm.
 A. There will be population booming in in the next decade
B. Th
Thee ag
agee grou
group
p co mmitting crime m
most
ost in the next d eca
ecade
de is no
now
w under io
c. The age
age gr
group
oup 1 4 -1 7 will comm
commit
it the most
most crim
crimes
es in the n
next
ext dec
decaa de
D. People will be successful in dealing with the war against crime in the next
decade

PASSAGE 2: For quest ions 1-6, read the text below and choo se the corr ect  
PASSAGE
heading
headi Theree 
ng for e ach paragraph B- G from the l ist o f headings below (i-x). Ther
are more headings than paragraphs. Write your answers in the corresponding  
numbered boxes. There
There is an example at the beginning. (5pts)
HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK?
A. Our life span is restricted. Everyone accepts this as 'biologically' obvious.
‘Nothin
‘Noth in g lives for eve ever!’r!’ Howe
Howev v er, in this statem
statement
ent we ththink
ink of art
artificia
ificiall
ll y
 produced,
 produ ced, techn
technical
ical objects, producproducts ts which are subjecte
subjectedd to natural wea r and
tear during use. This leads to the result that at some time or other the object
stops working and is unusable ('death' in the biological sense). But are the
wea r an
andd tear and loss o f funct functii on of techn
technical
ical obje
object
ctss and the death of livin
living g
orgaa nis
org nism
m s rea
reall
ll y ssii mil
milaa r oorr compa
comparr abl
able?
e?
B. Our ‘de‘deaa d’ produ
pr oductctss aarr e ‘st
‘static’,
atic’, cclos
losee d ssy
y ste
stems.
ms. It is al
alway
wayss the b asi
asicc mat
material
erial
which cons
constitut
titutes
es the ob objec
jectt aand
nd w which,
hich, in tthe he na
natural
tural cours e of thing
thingss , is
worn down and beco becom m es ’’old older’.
er’. A geing in th is cas casee must occu
occurr a ccor
ccord d ing to

the law
lawss of p ph
h ysi
ysica
call chem
chemii str
stryy and of thermod
thermodyn ynam
am ics
ics.. Alt
Altho
ho ug
ugh h the same
law holds
holds for a living orgaorganis
nism,
m, the result of this law is n ot inexo
inexorable
rable in t he
same way. At least as long as a biologic biological
al system has the abili ability
ty to renew
itself it could actually become older without ageing; an organism is an open,
dynam
dyna m ic sy
system
stem thro
throug
ug h wh
which
ich new matematerial
rial cont inuously fl ows. Destr
Destructio
uctionn
of old mate
materr ial and for
forma
matio
tion
n of new m mate
ateri
rial
al are t hus in pe rmanen t dyndynam
am ic
equili
equi li brium
brium.. The mate materiri al of whicwhichh the or organ
ganism
ism is fo forme
rmed d chan
change
ge s
continuously. Thus our bodies continuously exchange old substance for new,
 ju st like a sp ring which more or less m ainta ins its form and mov movemeeme nt, but in
which
whi ch the w ateaterr mo
molec
lecules
ules ar
aree al way
wayss dif
different.
ferent.

108

c.
Thus ageing
organism and death
possesses should
many not be seen
mechanisms for as inevitable,
repair. It is particularly as the
not, in principle,
necessary
necessa ry for a biological system to age and die. Neverthele
Neve rtheless
ss , a restricted
restricted life
span, ageing, and then death are basic characte ristics of life. The reason for
this is easy to recognise: in nature, the existent organisms eithe r adapt or are
regularly replaced by new types. Because of changes in the genetic material
(mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their
individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptati
adaptationon to the
environm ental conditions. Immortality would disturb this system - it needs
room for new and better life. This is the basic problem of evolution
D. Every organism has a-lif e span which is highly characte ristic. There are
 striking differences in life span between different species, but within one
species the paramet er is relatively constant. For exampl examplee , the average
duration of human life has hardly changed in thousands of years. Although
more and more people attain an advanced
advan ced age as a result of devel
develop
op ments in
medical care and better nutrition, the characteristic upper limit for most
remainss 80 years. A furth
remain furtherer arg ument agai
against
nst the sim
simple
ple w ear and tear theory
is the observation that the time within which organisms age lies between a
few days (even a few hours for unicellula r organisms) and several thousan d,
years, as with mammoth trees.
E. If a lifespan is a genetic ally deter mined biological character istic, it is logically
necessary to propose the existence of an internal clock, which in some way
measures and controls the aging process and which finally determines death
as the last step in a fixed programme. Like the fife span, the metabolic, rate
has for different organisms a fixed mathematical relationship to the body
mass. In com parison to the life span this relationship is ‘invert ed’: the larger
the organism the lower its metabolic rate. Again this relationship is valid not
only for birds, but also, similarly on average within the systematic unit, for all
other organisms (plants, animals, unicellular organisms)..
F. Animals which behave ‘frugally’ with energy become particularly old for
example, crocodiles and tortoises. Parrots and birds of prey are often held
chained up. Thus they are not able to ‘experience life’ and so.they attain a high
life span in captivity. Animals which save energy by hibernation or lethargy
(e.g. bats or hedgehogs) live much longer than those which are always active,
The metabolic rate o f mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food
(hunger diet) They then may live twice as long as their well-fed comrades.
Women become distinctly (about 10 per cent) older than men. If you examine
the metabolic rates of the two sexes you establish that the higher male
metabolic rate roughly accounts for the lower male life span. That means that
they live life ‘energetically’ - more intensively, but not for as long.
G. It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to
extend life. Extreme high performance sports may lead to optimal
cardiovascular performance, but they quite certainly do not prolong life.

109

Relaxation lowers metabolic rate, as does adequate sleep and in general an

equable and balanced personality. Each of US can develo developp his or her own
‘energy saving programme' with a little self-observation, critical self-control
and, above all, logical consistency. Experience will show that to live in this
way not only increases the life span but is also very healthy. This final aspect
should not be forgotten.
For question 1-6, ch oose the c orrect head
heading
ing for p aragraph
aragraph s A-G from t he list
of headings below.
Write the correct
co rrect number,
nu mber, Ỉ-
Ỉ-X
X, in the correspon
cor respondi
ding
ng num
num bered
bere d boxes.
boxes.
LIST OF HEADINGS
 i The bio logical clock 
ii Why dying is beneficial
iii The a gein
geing
g proce
processss o f men and wome
women
n
iv Prolongin
Prolongingg your life
V Limitation
onss o f life span
vi Modes of development of different species
vii A stable life span despite improveme
improvements
nts
viii Energy consum ption
ix Fundamental differences in ageing o f objects and organisms
X Repair o f genetic material

 Example answer:  Paragraph A: V

answers:
1. Parag raph B __________  
2. P aragra
aragraph
ph c •____ 
3. Parag raph D __________ 
4. P ara
aragra
graph
ph E ___
______
___ _ 
5. Paragrap
Paragraphh F __________ 
6. Parag raph G __________ 

Questions 77- 90, complete the notes

no tes below
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

• Obje
Objects
cts age in accor
accordance
dance with princ
principle
ipless o f (7 )____
)_________
__________
______
_ and o f (8)

• Throu
Through
gh mutat
mutations,
ions, orga
organisms
nisms can ( 9) _____
__________
_____ better
better to the en vironm
vironm ent.
• (1 0) _____
__________
_______
__ woul
would
d pose a serio
serious
us pro
problem
blem fo
forr the t heory of evolution.
evolution.

VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST (lOpts):

Read the following passages and decide which option A, B, c or D best  
fits each space.
PASSAGE 1
The coolest kids in Europe share a single ( 1 )______ they want to get married,
have children and live happily ever after
after.. They know it mean
meanss (2 ) ______their 

110

children first and sticking with their spouses even i f tthey hey slip out of love. This news
comes from the report o f a new study that ( 3 )_____ )__________
_____ out to find the the answer
answe r to
the modem riddle: What wi will
ll today's youth really, really want tom orrow?
Poign
Poig n antl
antly,
y, one of tthehe cleare
clearest
st ans
answe
wersrs is that they want to have happy
fa
fami
mill ies.
ies. Ev
Even
en in th
thee mo
most
st ( 4 ) __
____
____
____ _ _ _ co
coun
untr
trie
iess tthe
here
re was ccononde
de mn
mnation
ation
for divo
divorce,
rce, dema
demands
nds th
that
at par
parents
ents shoul
shouldd keep their
their marri
marriaa ge ((55 ) _____
__________
______ _ 
and admiration for stable couples.
It appears
appe ars that amon
among g the
the middl
middl e clas
classes,
ses, the quali
qualityty of our child ren's lives
has suffered from the pressures on parents in high-stress professions. In the days
when
whe n the co conc
nc ept of 'quality ttim
ime'
e' first (6 ) ___
______
______
_____ __ , I reme
reme mber seeseeing
ing a
TV producer
prod ucer on ((7 7 ) _____
_________ dial home o onn hher
er mobile
mobile phone to read he herr son a
  bedti me story. This is just not good enough.
Quali
Qua lity
ty ttime
ime cannot be t ime (8 )__
)_____
____ _ . Chi
Children
ldren nee
need d unconditio
unconditional
nal tim
timee in
the same way that they need unconditional love. This study found a generation
that had given
given up tryin
trying
g to (9 )____
)______
__ its pare
parents'
nts' aatten
ttentio
tionn but was (1 0 )_______ 
)_______ 
to do better by its own children.
1. A. drive B. eagern
eagerness
ess c . ambition D. year ning
2. A. putting B. keeping c. h aving D. wan
wan ting
3. A. made B. aimed c . looked D. set
4. A. loose B. relaxed c . generou s D. liberal
5. A. oaths B. vows c . pledges D. prom ises

6
7.. A
A.. site
procee ded B. revealed cc .. esim
tueartgioed
n D
D.. rlo
osceation
B. place
8. A. o rganiz ed B. manage d c. controlled D. disci pl plined
9. A. have B. make c. get D. take
10. A. determ ined B. firm c . persist ent D. stub born
PASSA
PASSA GE 2
KIWI SURPRISE
When a work projectproje ct gave me the oppo opportun
rtunity
ity to retu
return
rn to New Zeala Zealand,nd, I
spent
spe nt several
several wee
weeks
ks ( ! ) ___
______
____
_ a cou
countr
ntry
y I had le left
ft iin
n my earearly
ly twen
twen tie
ties.
s. Ed
fo
forg
rgotten
otten about th thee petro
petroll st
stat
atio
ions
ns where
where memenn in smar
smartt uni
unifo
form
rm s (2) _ _ _ _ _ to
you. They fill
fill your tan
tank,
k, check you
yourr oil and st
still
ill (3 )____ you less t han one third
of the British price for fuel. And tthe he people rush to your assis assistance
tance if they see
you (4 )____
)______
__ over a map map.. Or the blissf
blissful
ul absenc
absencee of tipstips.. Lo
Locals
cals simply cann ot
under
und ersta
stand
nd w hy a nyb
nybo o dy shoul
shouldd exp
expect
ect to pa
payy extra for friefriendl
ndlyy effic
efficien
ientt serv
servic
ice.
e.
Given
Give n that Ne
Neww Zealand has about 3,000 kilo kilomet
meters
ers of co astli
astli ne, it shoul
shouldd
come as no (5) _______
_______ that social social life (6) _____
_______ __ around the sea. When
Auckland offic
officee work ers leave their des desks
ks at the end of the work ing day, they
do n’t (7 )__
)_____
_______ hom
home. e. Inste
Instead,
ad, tthey
hey (8) _ ___
______a
___a b eeline
eeline for the m mar
arina
ina and
spend the evening under sail on the Hauraki Gulf. There are more yachts in
Auckland
Auckl and than in any other city in th e w world-
orld- no wond er it’s cal called
led the City of 

111

Sails. Even those who can ’t afford a (9) of their own will alway s know
someon e who has one.
one.,, or at the very least, will win dsu rf the offsh ore breeze s at
speeds that make the commuter ferries appear to stand (10) .
1. A. rregaining
egaining B. recapturi
rec apturing
ng c . refam
refamilia
iliariz
rizing
ing DD.. re dis
disco
co ver
verin
in g
2. A. assist B. attend c. supply D.serve
3. A. charge B. ask  c. require D. dem
dem and
4. A. pointing B. doubting c. clamoring D. puzzling
5. A. wonder  B. surprise c. amazement D. new
newss
6. A. centers B. revolves c. turns D. gathers
7. A. move B. aim c. head ’ D. divert
8. A. have B. do c. get D. make
 9. A. vehicle B. hull c . vessel D. re
recc ept
eptac
acle
le
10. A. still B. dead c. afloat D. upright

B. WRITT EN TE ST (70pts)
I. OPEN
OPE N CLOZE
CLOZE TE ST (20 pts):
Read the passages below and fill each blank with ONE word.
CLOZE TEST 1 (lOpts)
As a result
result of the recent disco
discovery
very of lunar wa water,
ter, the moon has sudden
suddenlyly
 become a far more interesting place for investors, ( 1 ) _______ must now view
the long-term prospects with optimism. The last manned mission to the moon
drew (2) _ ____ __ a close in 1973, when two astronau astronautsts from Apollo 17 climbed
 back into the ir lunar mod ule, (3 )_______ collected a lot o f moonro ck, but b ereft
(4 )____
)_______
___ any ffuture
uture pla
plans.
ns. Now thethe moon sshines
hines br
bright
ighter
er for aastron
stronauts
auts and
scient
scientist
istss alik
alike,
e, (5 )_____
)_________ to the existe
existence
nce of (6 )__
)_____
______
___mm ight
ight be b illi
illions
ons of 
tonnes of water at the poles.
There is ( 7 ) _____
_______
__ high-t
high-tech
ech subst
substitute
itute for water in space exploration . To
support
suppo rt the internation
international
al space ststation,
ation, (8
(8 )) _____
_________
____ has cos
costt at least $100,
$100,00
00 0
a day to send water into orbi orbit.
t. N ot only wou
wouldld lunar w ater cut thes
thesee costs, but it
would additi
additionally
onally be used for rocket fuel, (9 )____)_______
___ two compo
compo nents, liquid
hydrogen and liquid oxygen, are the elements found in water.
Scientists
Scient ists are particula
particularly
rly exci
excited
ted (10) _____
_________ , given the absence of an
atmosphere, lunar water has never been recycled and they believe, therefore, that
it could very well hold clues to the formation of the solar system itself.
CLOZE TEST 2 (lOpts)
For over two hundred years, scholars have shown an interest in the way
children learn to speak and understand their language. Several small-scale
studiess were carried out, especially
studie especially towards the end of the ninetenineteee nth century,
(1)_______
(1)___ ____ data recor
recorded
ded in parent
parental
al diaries. But de detaile
tailed,
d, systema
systematic
tic
investigat
invest igation
ion did not begin until the middle decades of the twentieth centur century,y,
when the tape recor
recorde
de r ( 2 ) _____
_______
__ into routin
routinee use. T
This
his made it possib
possibll e to
keep a pe rmane
rmanent
nt record
record of samples of child spespeech,
ech, so th at a nalyst
nalystss could listen

112

repeatee dly to obscu

repeat obscure
re ( 3 ) ______
________ , and thus
thus produc
producee a detai
detailed
led and acc
accura
urate
te
descrii ption.
descr ption. The problems that have (4) (4) _______ when investigati
invest igatinn g child
child
speec
speechh are
are quite
quite differe
differenn t from
from ( 5 ) ______
________ encoun
encounter
tered
ed when work work ing with
with
adults. It is not possible to carry out certain kinds of experiments, because
aspectss of child
aspect child ren’s cognitive
cognitive developme
development,nt, such as their abili
ability
ty to (6 )_______ 
)_______ 
attention or to remember instructions, may not be sufficiently advanced. (7)
 _______ is it easy to get children to ( 8 ) ________ systematic judg ments men ts about
language
langu age - a task that is virtually impossibl
impossiblee below the
the age of three. Moreover,
Moreover,
anyone who has tried to make a tape recording of a representative sample of a
child’s speech knows how frustrating this can be. Some children, it seems, are
innately
innate ly program
programmedmed to (9 )_______
)_______ off as soon
soon as they notice
notice a tape
tape recorder 
 (10)
(1 0) ______
________ switch
switched
ed on.

II. WORD FOR

FORMM ATI
ATIONON S (20 pts)
PART 1: Complete the sentence with the correct form
form of the given word. (10 pts)
1. The private, school feared losing its with the
th e sta
state's
te's university
universi ty s ystem.
(CREDIT)
2. That thè child
child beh ave d_______
d_______ made the couple
couple happy. ( DEAR)
3. The candidate
candid ate made a( n) _______speech
_______ speech that
that incensed
incensed all those
thos e w ho heard it.
(FLAME)
4. The business is as it can no longer meet the repayments
repayme nts on its debt.

5. A(SOLVE)
_______
_______ is a popular
popula r place for touris
touris ts and t ravellers
ravellers to se
send
nd and receive e-
mails. (CAFÉ)
6. In Scotlan
Sc otland,
d, there is greate
greaterr emphasis
emphasis o n ___by individual schools.
schools. (VAL
(VALUE)
UE)
7. Babies affected by the disease will be born small, small, _______ and brain
damaged. (FORM)
8. She stood there completely
complete ly , so I had no idea at all what she was
thinking. (EXPRESS)
9. “ What
What if ’ q uestio
uestionn s involv
inv olving
ing___
_______
____ are fam
famili
iliar
ar in his
histo
toric
rical
al spe
specul
culati
ation
ons.
s.
(FACT)
10. The Prime Minister warned thẹ people of his country that they must be ready
for a n y ______
________ - even
even the p ossibi
ossibilit
lityy of war.
war. (EVENT)
(EVENT)
PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words  
given in the box. (lOpts)
offend)   respect    irritate   temper    tolerate
 gro und    construct    organize   compose   burst 

ANGER.
We’ve all felt anger at some time, whether as faint annoyance or blind rage.
Anger is a normal, sometime useful human emotion, but uncontrolled (1)
of temper can be destructive. People who give free rein to their anger, regardless
113

of the
the ( 2 )___
)_____ this
this m may
ay ccau
ause,
se, haven’t llea
earn
rned
ed to ex
expr
pres
esss them
themseselv
lvee s ( 3 )_
)___
____
__ ,
says Martin
Martin Smolik, who runs weekend residential courses in ange r m management.
anagement. ‘It
is imp
impo o rta
rtant
nt to ma
maint
intaiain
n you
yourr (4 ) ___
______
___ and puputt you
yourr case in an aasser
ssertt ive
ive,, not
aggressive
aggre ssive mann er witho witho ut h hurtin
urtingg others
others.. Being assertive doe sn’t mean being
 pushy or deman ding; it m eans being (5 )_______ of you rse lf and othe r p eop le.’
He adds that people who are easily angered 1  are (6) _____ _______ __ of frust
frustra
ra tio
tion,
n,
inconvenien
inc onveniencc e o orr ir
irrit
ritati
ation
on and,
and, not s urp
urpris
risin
ingly
gly find
fi nd relat
relatii ng to other
other peo
peoplplee v
very
ery
difficult. But what causes people to behave like this? It seems there is evidence
to suppo
support rt the id
idea
ea tthat
hat some child
childre
re n ma
may y be born
born ((7 7 ) _______
_______ and pro pronene to
anger and this tendency is sometimes apparent from a very early age. However,
researc
rese archh al so sugg
suggest
estss tha
thatt a pe
pe rso
rson
n ’s fam
family
ily (8 )__
)_____
_____
__ may h ave an influ influenc
encee .
 Very often,
often, peop
people
le who are ((9
9 ) _______
_______ and often
often fi
find
nd it diffi
difficc ult tto
o expres
expresss
their
their emoti
emoti ons c ome from (1 0) ___
______
____
_ and dis
disru
ru pti
ptive
ve famil
familie
ies.
s.

III. ER ROR CO RRERREC C TIO

TIONN (10 pts
pts):
): Rea
Read
d the fo llo
llowin
wingg text
te xt which
contaii ns 10 mistakes. Underline the error
conta errorss and write the ccor
or rections in the  
rections
corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning (0).
 Line
1 The arrival of satellite
satellite TV has br brough
oughtt up a whole
whole new world of
2 viewing
viewin g into our living roomroomss - if we can afford to pay for it, that is,
3 majorr spo rt events
majo eve nts can n ow be seen live. Beside thi this,
s, a wider
wi der v ariety
ariety o f
4 sports is now
now availabl
available.e. The viewe
viewerr can choose anythin g from dog
5 racing and sumo wrestling. Certain channels show 20 film every day,
6  again, the choice is enormous-from old classics to the latest Hollywood
7  releases. For them who like to keep informed, 24-h our new s is available
8 for the touch of a b utton. Children ar aree not forgotten
forgotte n neither. A special
9  jun ior channel broadcas
broadcasts ts cartoons and chil dren ’s films. But do we
10 really need all this choice? The danger is that we will become a
11  popula tion of passive couch- potato with square eyes and fingers glued
12 to the remot
remotee -contr
-controo l. Of cours
coursee choice is a goo goodd thing, but viewe rs
13 should
shoul d use hi
hiss abi
ability
lity to selec
selectt th
thee bes t and disrega
disrega rd o f the rest.

Your ans wers:  0.

up on (line 1)
1. ______
_________
______
_____
__ _  2. ______  3._ 
4.________________  5 ._____
.______ 
_  6."
7. 8. 9."
io"

IV. SENTE
SENTENCE NCE TRA
TRAN N SFOR
SFORMAT
MATION ION (20 PTS):
PART
PAR T 1
1:: Com
Compp lete the second senten
sentence ce in s uch a w ay that it mean s exactl
exactlyy 
the sa me as the sente nce printed before it. (10 points)
1 .1 wa s too scared to tell him what I r eally th ought.
 —>H ac ke d.....................
d................................
......................
..............
... ............................
................................
....

114

2. It’s
 —* Ga widesp
wid
eorgesprea
readd assum
as sumption
e......................ption that
that George
e............................................. was wrongly
wron gly
.............................................. accus
accused. ed. .....................
..............................................
............................................
3. He declared
declare d his disapp
di sapprovarovall of o f the beha
behaviour
viour of some o f his his supporte
sup porterr s.
 —>He let i t.............................................
t...................... ..............................................
..............................................
..........................................
...................
4. The collision didn't damage my car much.
 —>No t a g re a t... ....... ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ .............................................
...................... .........................
..
5. Although he is 8 years older than her, they were good friends.
 —*D espite ,....................
,...........................................
..............................................
.....................................
..............

PART 2: Comp lete the second sentence so that it has a simila r meani ng to  
second
the first one. Use the word given in block letter, and this word must not  
 be changed in any way. (10 points)
6.1 presume you are coming to the party Miriam. READ
 —> Can 1 .....................:...........
.................... .:........... .....................
............................................
......................... you are coming comi ng to
the party Miriam?
7. After a long hard journey, I cheered up when I saw my home. SIG SIG HT
 —>After
>Af ter a long hard journey, jour ney, my spirits sp irits .......................
...............................
........ . of my home.
8. Yvonne did everything she could to ensure the trip was successful. LENGTHS
 —>Y vo nn e..... é............................................
....................... ..................... Í................ to ensu ensure re the success.
9. Russ's opinions on the new management policies were very different from
those o f his fellow
fellow workers.
workers. ODDS
 —> Russ ....... ..............................................
....................... .............................
...... .............................
.................... ......... ........ the new
management policies.
10. 1tried aass hard
hard as I couldcould to t o make
make sure sur e that this
t his problem would not arise. arise. POWER 
 —* I d id ............................................
..................... ..............................................
....................... this problem
problem from arising arising..

TRƯỞNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN THỊ MINH KHAI - sóc TRĂNG

A. MULT IPLE CHO

CHOICE
ICE (40 points)
1 .1-
.1-1
10 W OR D CHOIC
CHOICE
E
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. Although oshe
rderwould
career in order wo
tould have
have preferred
prefer
n. red to carry on w orking,
children.
childre orking, my mum......
mu m...........
..... her 
A. devoted
de voted B. repealed c . sacri
sacrificed
ficed D. abolishe
abo lishedd
2 . 1find
1find the offer
offer q u it e......
e..........
.......
... . b ut I thin
thin k I’d r ather
ather st
study
udy at Oxford
Oxford
A. tempt
te mptin
ingg B. desiro
desirous us c . inclined D. envious
envi ous
3. I don’t
don ’t norma
no rmally
lly lik
likee noisy
noisy clubclubs,s, but I had a sudde suddenn .. .. .. .. .. to see wha wha t the
Blue Parrot was like.
A. force
forc e B. motive
motive c .  pressur
 pressuree D. impulse
im pulse
4. Jerry
Jerry loves
lo ves s nowbo
nowboardarding
ing so much much that
t hat i t’s almos
almostt like
like a d rug.
ru g...........
........
....
A. passion
pas sion B. obsess
obsession ion c . add
addict
iction
ion D. requirement
requirem ent

115

5. I do n't wa
wantnt to do the course in appli applied ed stat
statisti
isticc s, b ut i t 's ....
........
........
......
A. compulso
com pulsorr y B. inevitable c. bound D.ind
D.indecisive
ecisive
6. D on't worry about me - I’m quite....
quite.......... to sit here and wait for you to come back.
A. ecstati
ecstaticc B. deli
deligh
gh ted c. joyfu l D. con tent
7. When 1was pregnant
pregnant,, 1
1often
often got
got a su dd en ........
............
.....for
.for tinn
tinneded sardine
sardiness .
A. preferenc
pref erencee B. cravi
cravin ng c. envy D. greed
8. Thank you for thinkin g of U US S, b ut I’m afraid we ’re going to have to ......... ............
...
your kind invitation.
A. declin e B. deny c. conde
condem mn D. re ject
9. I'v e never se seen
en anyon
anyonee s o ....
........
.......
... to the
theirir joy as Philip is.
A. eag er B. Keen c. dedic
dedicated
ated D. interest
in terested
ed
10. I wish you would stop wasting so much on your computer games and do
 something as a little more...........
A. welcome B. envia
enviablbl e c. feasi
feasible
ble Đ. worthwh
wor thwhil
ilee
IL 11-20 GRA GRAMMA MMA R AND STRUCTU STRUCTURES RES
Choosee the b est opti
Choos optio
o ns to comp
compll ete the follo
following
wing sent
sentences
ences..
11.1 recommend that Miriam a boarding school. She’d be much more challenged
academically.
A. atten
atten ds B. atten
attend d c . is atte
attendi
nding
ng D. were
wer e at tendi
tendingng
12.. A mbros
12 mbrosee had to take a jo jobb a t a fa st-food
st-food res tau ran t;....
t;.... ........
........he
he wou
wouldn’t
ldn’thave
have
 been a ble to make his car payment.
A. othe rwise B. if so c. had he done so D. were that the case
13. Many educators seem convinced students would respond favorably to a
change in the system.
A. what B. the fact that c. that D. what ever 
14.. ...............
14 ............... students wanted to go right into the workp workplace lace after graduatio
graduation n
would choose the vocational track.
A. Whateve
Wh ateverr B. Howe
Howeve ve r c . When
Whenee ver D. W home
homev v er 
15. He ..............us on the last day of the congress so his presence at the opening
ceremo
cerem o ny w was
as somet
somethin
hing go off a surpri
surprise.
se.
A. must have join joined
ed B. was to join c. had to join D. should join
16.. In fa ct the cr im in al
16 als....
s.......
... in becau
because se tthe
he fr
front
ont door was wide open open and so
they just walked in.
A. needn
ne edn’t ’t have broke
brokenn B. didn
didn’t’t need break 
c. did n't need
need to break
break D. nee dn't to have b rokroken
en
17.. People whose main concern is .......
17 ...........
.... may eve eventuall
ntuallyy develop some serious
health problems.
A. not to be overfed B. not to be over feeding
c. not to overfe
overfed d D. not o verfee
verfeedin
ding
g
18................
18................ of Alb ania was once once forested, but ..........of the original original vegeta tion
remains
remai ns,, ddue
ue to ccentu
enturr ies o f cl
clearin
earing g anandd live
livestoc
stock
k gr
grazing
azing..
A. Much - litt ittle B. M an y-no ne c. So Som me - few
few D. M o st -a n y
19.. Most critics agree that
19 that rathe
ratherr li tt le ....
........
........
...... done by the arti
artist
st after his illn
illness
ess
has any great value.
A. of what was B. of that was c. of that what was D. which has been
116

20...........
20...............
.... betwe
betweee n th thee tw
two
o attack
attacks,s, the comm ande
anderr tried
tri ed to p
preve
reve nt the enem
enemy y
troop s..s.....
......
......
... the
their
ir str
strength.
ength.
A. With
Witho o ut delayi
delayingng - to g athe
atherr B. By n ot de
dell ay
ayin
ingg - from
from ga
gath
thee ring
ring
c. In del delayay ing - for gathe
gathe rin
ring
g D. Having
Having del
delaye
ayedd - with
witho
o ut gat
gathh eri
ering
ng
II
III.
I. 21-30 PR PREPEP OS
OSIT ITIOIONSNS - PH PHRASAL
RASAL VE VERB RBS S
Choos
Cho osee t he besbestt o
op
p tio
tions
ns to co mpl mplet
et e the fol
follow
lowin in g se nte
ntenc
nc es.
21 .............bei
............ .bei ng a litt
little
le messy, she will be a goo d f latmate for you.
A. F ar awa away y B. At length c. Beside D. Apa rt from
22 ......
.........
... wor
workiking
ng ver
very y long
long h hours,
ours, JoJohn
hn strive
strivess tto
o exerci
exercisese at l east trice a wee
week.
k.
A. Regar
Regardless
dless of B. On beha lf of c. Bec Becausausee of D. Howev
Ho wevee r 
23. There
There is a rum our.... our ........
........
...... circul
circulat
ation
ion that the direcdirector
tor had a big ar argum
gum ent
 ........
...........
... the mana ger at tthe he last meeting.
meeting.
A. o n --aa b o u t B. u p o n --ii n c. fo r- o u t D. a ft e r-
r - o ff 
24. Factories
Facto ries which produc producee a lot of toxic fumes are contri buting .... .........
.........
.......t
...the
he
de ststrr uc ti
tio
o n...
n......... ...
... .th
.th e env
enviriron
onm m en
ent.
t.
A. f or-a
or-arr ou nd B. b y-ag ai nst c. into
nto - up upon
on D. t o - o f 
25. It’s so hot, 1 1coul
could d d o ......
.........
... a nice
nice cool drink.
A. up B. with c. out D. wi thout
26. O nce we 'd spe spent nt all ou ourr mon
monee y, we f e ll ...
......
......
.....
.. our c redit
redit card.
A. out B. for c. back on D. o ff 
27.1
27.1 f e ll ......
.........
......
.....o
..one ne of my friend
friendss and have
haven’t
n’t spo
spokenken to her for weeks.
week s.
A. in w ith B. out with c. thr
thrououghgh D. behind
beh ind

2 8 A.
.1caway
an’tyg e t.....
awa t........
......
.....
..to
to B.
Joan.
at I t hin
hink
k t here’s a fa
c. thr
througulthon the line.
ough D. along
29. Th e record shop has a promotionpromoti on and is gi vi ng .... ........
.........
.....free
free CDs.
A. a way B. of f c. in D. out
30. H e’s a go
go od spe
speak ak er and gets
gets his v iews....
iews.......
.....
.. very we ll.
A. o ver B. acr
across
oss c. on D. through
IV. 31-40 COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS
Choose
Cho ose the be best
st opt
option
ionss to co mpl
mplee te th e fol
follo
lo wing
wing sent
sentee nce
nces.s.
31 I h ave n’t had an acc ident yet but I’ve had a nu num
m ber o f .........
.............
....shaves.
shaves.
A. nar
narro
ro r B. nea
nearr c. close D. tiny
32. My father
fathe r refuse
refusedd to eat memeat
at that had been fri fried.
ed. He ha d... d.......
........
........
.... in his

 bonn et ab out it caus ing cancer.

A. a bug B. a bee c. a bull D. an a nt
33. You
You real
really
ly dr op pe d..;.
d. .;....
.....
.. ;...th e othe
otherr day whe
when n you tol
told
d Brian
Brian you ’d seen
his wife at the cinema. He thought she was at her mother’s.
A. a brick B. a sto
stonene ' c. a log D. a p lank 
34. I ca n’t stand Mr. Bryan
Bryant. t. He’s al always
ways blowing his own ... - telling
tel ling every
everyone
one
how good he is at everything.
A. balloo
balloonn B. breath c. mind D. trum pet
35. T he e sca
scape
pe d pr
pris
iso
o ne
nerr f ou gh t...
t.....
....
.. ...befo
...befo re he was f inal
inally
ly overpowered
overpowe red
A. he ad over heels B. tooth and nail
c. heart and soul D. foot and mouth

117

36. I did n’t ssuspe

uspect
ct an
anythi
ything
ng at first
first,, but whe
when
n I noticed
notice d her going throu
through
gh the
office draw
draw ers I began to s m el l........
l.............
.....
A. a r at B .ap ig c. a th ie
ieff D. cu lp
lpri
ritt
37. Ja ne looke
looked
d ..........
...............
...... at the shop assist
assistant ant w ho h ad been rude to her.
A. arrows
arr ows B. nee
needles
dles • c . poiso
poisonn D. da ggers
38. Peter was born and b rough roughtt up in Hasti
Hastings ngs and kno
knoww s it like th e......
e........
A. nose
nos e on his face B. tip of his tongue
tongu e
c.  back of his hand D. hai r on his he ad
39 I've hea rd that argu
argum m ent befbefore
ore and quite fran frankly
kly it jus t d oesn’t
oes n’t ....
........
........
......
..
A. face the music B. hit th
thee nail on the hea
head d
c. carry weig ht D. hold water 
 40. Jo hn will nev
nevee r b
buy
uy you a dr
drin
in k - h e’s far t o o ........
............
........
....
A. tight-fiste
tigh t-fisted
d B. pigheaded c. hig
highl
hly-s
y-strung
trung D. easy-going
easy-goi ng

V. 4
41-6
1-60
0 RE AD IN G C
CO
O MPR EH EN SION
41-50 READING 1
Read the passage and choose the best option for each questions below
Sharks have gained an u nfair reputation
Sharks reputation for being fierce predapredators
tors of large sea
animals.
anima ls. Humanit
Humanity'sy's unfo
unfound
undeded fear and h hatred
atred of these anciancient
ent ccreat
reatures
ures is
leading to a worldw
worldw ide slaugh
slaughterter th
that
at may result in th thee extinct
extinction
ion of many
coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped att attitude
itude of wil
wil dlife
dlife
 protec tion; we strive only to protect the beautiful, non-t hreat ening parts of our
enviro
envir o nmen
nment.t. And, in our effort
effortss to resto
restore
re only non-t hreatening
hreat ening parts of our our
earth, we ignor
ignoree other impor
importt ant par
parts.
ts. A pe
perfect
rfect illustr
illustratio
ationn of this atti
attitude
tude is the
contrasting attitude toward anoth another er large sea
sea anima
animall , the dolphin
dolphin.. During the
1980s,
1980 s, envi
enviro
ro nment
nmentalists
alists in th e United States protested the use of driftn driftnets
ets for
tuna fishing in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The
environmentalists generated enoug enough h politic
political
al and econo
econom m ic pressu re to p preve
revent
nt
tuna companies from buyingbuying tuntunaa that had been c aught in driftnets.
drif tnets. In c ontra
ontrast
st to
this effort on behalf
beh alf of th e dolph
dolphins,
ins, these samsamee envir
enviro o nmentalist
nmen talistss have done
very little to help save the Pacific Ocean sharks whose population has decreased
nearly
nearly to the point of extinctio
extinction.n. Shark
Sharkss are a mong the oldes
oldestt c reatures
reatu res on earth,
having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely
efficient
effic ient animal
animals,s, feedin
feeding
g on woun
wounded
ded or dying aanimal
nimals,
s, thus perfo rming
rmin g an
important
impor tant role in natu
nature
re of weedi
weeding
ng out the weake
weakerr anim als in a species. Just the
fact that species such as the Great White Shark have managed to live in the
oceanss for so many millio
ocean millions
ns of ye
years
ars is eno
enough
ugh proof of their efficiency and
adap tabil ity to changi
changing
ng environ ments. It is time for US huma
humans,ns, who may not
survive anot her 1,000 years at the rate we are d amaging
amagin g the plan
planet
et , to cast away
our fears and begin considering the prot protection
ection of sharks as an impor
important
tant part of a
 program for pro tection o f all our natural environ ment.

11 8

 / •
 

41. With which of the following topics is this passage primarily concerned?
A. Sharks are efficient creatures with bad reputations.
B. Sharks are some of th thee o
oll dest c reatu
reatures
res on earth
earth,,
c. Sharks illustrate a problem in wildlife protection
D. The campa
campaii gn to save dolph
dolphinsins was n ot exten
extende
ded d tto
o save sh
sharks.
arks.
42. Which of th thee follo
follow
w ing is mo
most st simila
similarr to th e m eaning
eaning of thethe w ord "warped"   
in line 4?
A. distorted
dis torted B. waste
wasteful
ful c . extra
extravag
vagant
ant D. wãnton
wãnton
43. In line 10
10,, the word "protested" is closest in meaning to which o f the following?
A. prescrib
pre scribeded B. obje
objected
cted to c. protected D. reflecte d on
44. In line 11, the w word
ord "generated" could be best replaced by
 A. consumed
con sumed B. absor
absorbed
bed c. designated D. prod uced
45. How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?
A. They
The y p
pre
revente
vented
d fishe
fishermen
rmen from selling
se lling them for meat.
B. They
They press
pressured
ured fis herme
hermenn into prote
protecti
cting
ng d
dolp
olphins
hins by law.
c. They brought political pressure against tuna companies.
D. They created sanctuaries where dolphin fishing was not allowed.
46. About how long have sharks lived on the planet?
A. 25 milli
million
on years B. 150 million
millio n years
c. 350 m illion years D. 500 million years
47. In lines 19-20, the ph rase "managed to live" is used to infer that

A. surviving
surv iving w as d ifficu
ifficull t B. migra
migration
tion was com
common mon
c.  procreation
 procrea tion was expa nding D. roaming was necessary
48. The word "proof' in line 20 cou couldld be best replaced by whic
whichh o f the following?
A. charact
ch aractee ristic B. evide
evidence
nce c. praise D. custom ary
49. What is tthe
he aauu thor'
thor'ss ttone
one in tthis
his pass
passage?
age?
A. explanat
exp lanato o ry B. accus
accusato
atoryry c. gentle D. proud
prou d
50. Which o f ththee fo
follo
llowing
wing best de dess cribe
cribess th
thee organizat
organization
ion of thi
thiss passage?
passage?
A. order
ord er o f impor
importance
tance B. cause and effect
effect
c. statem ent and example D. chronological order 
51-6
1-60
0 R EA DI NG 2
Read th
thee passa ge be
bell ow a nd cch
h oose th
thee co
corr rec
rec t a nsw ers  
nsw ers
WATER IN DESERT
Desert areas of the world are not completely void of precipitation, but rainfall
in these regions is known to vary greatly. Typically, scientists use an annual
rainfall amou nt o f four inches as the dividing line between desert and non-desert
non-de sert
areas. While these arid regions may receive a similar amoun amountt of ra infall each
year, how that rainfall affects surface water and groundwater resources is largely
dependent upon the area’s topographical characteristics. For example, landforms
such as flats and depressions common to deserts are known to collect water, but
these features
featu res constit
constitu
u te only a small perc
percentag
entagee of the deser
deser t landscape. It iiss

119

interest ing to not

interesting notee that these arid lands in fact contain some of the ea rth’s largest
systems
syst ems o f river
rivers.
s. In the Case
Casess o f these river systems
systems,, th e source
sourcess of the riv
rivers
ers lie
outside the arid region -itself, and hence they are known as “exogenous” rivers
and systems. These exogenous systems play a critical role in nourishing life in
the world 's most parched regio regions.
ns. For exam
exampl
pl e, annua
annuall floo
flood
d ing of th
thee Nile,
Tigris, and Euphra tes rivers has long supplied reside nts with wate r and brought
in fertile silt to help agriculture. With the advent of modern technology,  
howeve
howe ve r, this floodi
flooding
ng is largel
largely managed by human hands, which has 
y managed
required more governmental cooperation among nations in crafting treaties  
and ag reements regula
regula ting the use of these
these ri ver basins.
In addition to human interven tion, the flow of exog exogenous
enous rivers is imp
impacted
acted
  by the season. Ironically, it somsometimes
etimes takes a num ber o f months for the effect o f
a rainy season outside a desert area to be felt within it, so by the time the peak
flow finally arrive s, it ma may y in fact be the driest time of the year. While this
additional water does aid the irrigation for agriculture, weather changes during
the dry season like higher temperatures and lower humidity may make the
cultivation of some crops even more challenging than it is during the normal
growing season.
In contrast to exogenous rivers, those identified as “endogenous” systems
 begin and end within the arid region. Water in these systems genera generally
lly comes
from groundwat
groun dwaterer springs, but many o off the
these
se rivers are fed b byy wate
waterr com
coming
ing
from limesto ne massifs, such as the Atlas Mountains in Moroc Moroccoco.. Rivers of this
variety
variet y tend not to re
reach
ach the sea, but instead end up drainin g into inland basins,
where most of it is simply lost to evaporati
evaporation on or disappears into the gro ground.
und.
Though rivers and lakes are present in d desert
esert areas, groun
groundwat
dwater er ma
makes
kes up a
much larger percent age of the total w ater in these regions. However, However , o nly a small
 portion of th ese undergro
undergroundund deposits ever reach the hydrolo hydrologic
gic cycle; i.e., it
neverr ente
neve enters
rs the const
constant
ant m ovem
ovemee nt o f wate
waterr on, abov
above,e, and b elow the surface of
the earth that characterizes
characterize s most of the p lane
lanet’s
t’s oth
other
er w ater resou
resourcrces.
es. ■ A) The
groun
grou n dwater that does enter into this cycle u suallsuallyy does so by feedin
feeding g the flo w o f
streams or by maintaining water levels in lakes. Water taken in this way from
groundwater stores is then refilled by surface flows and rainwater. rainwa ter. ■ B)
International
Internati onal organi zation
zationss such as the United N ations and t he World Bank have
 both funded efforts to survey existi existing
ng ground
groundwater
water in arid lands and to create
effective methods to draw usable water from these sources. ■ C) These efforts
are particularly necessary due to the lack of clear understanding in these regions
about jus t how much grou grounn dwater exists. ■ D) What What is knknown,
own, howev
however, er, is th at
thesee grou
thes grounn dwater depo
deposits
sits are v
very
ery une
uneve venly
nly dis
distrib
tributed
uted,, and ththat
at much of this
waterr can be f ound dee
wate deepp benea
beneath
th the earth’s s urfac
urfacee .Thes
.Thesee groundwa ter de deposi
positt s
are found underground
underg round in open spaces betw betweeeen,
n, inside, and amon g rocks and
sedim
sedi m ent. These wate
water-l
r-laden
aden laye
layers
rs of ear
earth
th are know
known n as “aq
“aquif
uifers.”
ers.” In g ener
eneral,
al,
limestone and sandstone aquifers tend to be deep and large, which contributes to

120

their relativ
relatively
ely high cconce
oncentrati
ntratio
o n of mi
minerals
nerals.. They are usually
usually not replenished
repleni shed
 because they became saturated more than 10,000 years ago and do not need to
 be. These deep aquifers are sometim es called “fossil water s” to denote the fact
that this water has been present for so long. On the other hand, shallow aquifers
found in sand or gravel are much less extensive, but they can quickly be replenished.
51. A ccordi
ccordingng to paragr
paragrap
ap h 1, wha
whatt do scienti
scientist
st s use to determ ine whet her or not
an area is labeled a desert?
A. The amoun
amountt o f annual rainfall
B. The lack o f ground
groundww ater resource
resourcess
c. Topographical characteristics
D. The absence of flats and de pressi
pression
on s in the landscape

52. The word “depressions” in line

line 7 is closest in meani
meaning
ng to