Experience Sharing Document.
Experience Sharing Document.
Experience Sharing Document.
TROUBLESHOOTING MANUAL
Parts of Laptop
Part I
Date 14 /04/2021E.C
Prepared By:- Wakgari Bekele Deressa
For more info & Troubleshoot call….0917360265
I
Laptop Problems Classification
Laptop Problems
System Unit
Display Unit
Problems (80%)
Problems (20%)
1
Laptop System Unit Problems Troubleshooting
Problem 1: Computer doesn’t turn on at all.
When you plug the AC adapter into the laptop, there are no lights turning on at all. When
you push on the power button, nothing happens. The laptop appears to be completely dead,
makes no sounds, no indications of life.
Possible problem:
♥ The AC adapter failed and the battery has no charge left. In this case test the AC
adapter with a voltmeter. If it’s dead, replace it with a new one.
♥ DC jack failed and the motherboard doesn’t receive any power from the adapter. In
this case the DC jack has to be replaced.
♥ Motherboard failed. The motherboard has to be replaced, if it’s not too expensive.
Otherwise get ready to buy a new computer.
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Problem 2: Screen is Blank.
The laptop turns on, power LED lights up, cooling fan works but nothing appears on the
screen. The screen is completely black and blank. There is no image on the screen at all.
• Possible problem:
This can be memory failure. It’s possible one of the memory modules failed. In this case
you can try reseating memory modules to make sure they are making good contact with
the slot. You can try removing memory modules one by one and test the laptop with
only one module installed. You can try replacing memory modules.
If reseating/replacing memory doesn’t help, try removing the hard drive, DVD drive,
modem, wireless card, keyboard, etc…
In other words, disassemble the laptop to bare minimum and test again. If the laptop
still doesn’t turn on, most likely you have failed motherboard or processor.
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The laptop turn on without showing any image on the screen. After a few seconds it turns
off by itself. Then it turns on and off again.
Possible problem:
Most likely this is motherboard failure. You can try reseating/replacing memory as I
described in the Problem 2. If it doesn’t help, probably the motherboard failed.
The laptop turns on and everything works fine, except it makes some constant weird
grinding or rattling noise.
Possible problem:
➢ In most cases this noise is coming from the cooling fan or hard drive. Take a closer look
at the cooling fan.
➢ If the fan doesn’t spin but the the laptop makes noise, probably it’s coming from the
hard drive. Back up all personal data as soon as possible and replace the hard drive.
➢ Also, you can remove the hard drive and stat the laptop. If the laptop still makes noise,
most likely it’s bad fan.
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Problem 5: Laptop shuts down or freezes.
The laptop runs properly but after a while it freezes or shuts down without any warning.
When it happens, the bottom feels hot. Also, the cooling fan runs louder than usual.
Possible problem:
Most likely this is heat related issue. It happens because the fan heat sink is clogged with
dust and the processor not cooling down properly. Cleaning the fan and heat sink from
dust should fix it.
The battery stopped charging properly. It doesn’t charge at all or charges only after you
adjust the position of AC adapter plug inside the power connector.
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Possible problem:
❖ Failed battery. If it doesn’t charge completely try reconnecting the battery first.
❖ Also, try running the laptop just from AC adapter with battery removed. If it runs fine
from AC adapter, most likely it’s either bad battery or failed motherboard. Try
replacing the battery first.
❖ Failed DC power connector. If the battery charges only after you adjust the position of
AC adapter tip inside the connector, most likely this the DC jack failed.
The laptop starts properly but after a while the screen light turns off. The image still
appears on the screen but it’s very dark.
In some cases, the screen light never starts and all you can see is a very faint image.
Possible problem:
➢ Most likely it’s either failed screen inverter or backlight lamp (CCFL) failure. When
either one fail, the backlight stops working.
➢ In order to troubleshoot this, you’ll need some spare parts: either new working inverter
or known good backlight lamp.
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Problem 8: Some keyboard keys stopped working.
Possible problem:
Most likely the keyboard failed and they are not repairable.
Problem solution:
If a key separated from the keyboard, it’s still possible to fix it.
If you have many keys missing, probably it makes sense to replace the whole keyboard.
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Problem 10: Repetitive beep sound on startup.
You turn on the laptop but there is no video on the screen. Instead, it starts making
repetitive beeping sound. In some cases, you can “fix” the problem temporarily if you press
on the keyboard keys.
• Problem solution:
Most likely you have stuck keys. In this case you’ll have to replace the keyboard.
Problem solution:
Liquid spills are very dangerous and unpredictable. If it happened, turn off the laptop
ASAP, remove the battery and do not use it until all internal parts are inspected for liquid
damage.
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Problem 12: - Battery Problems
Problem Description:
Any laptop computer has a battery pack which provides power to the laptop while it’s not
connected to the wall-plug through AC/DC power adapter. Laptop batteries come in many
different shapes and they are model-specific.
❖ The laptop is working on direct (laptop stopped running on the battery power. It
works fine from the AC adapter but shuts down as soon as you unplug the adapter)
❖ The laptop battery is working on minimum time (it is mostly happen b/c of battery
life time /duration)
❖ The battery discharges very quickly after it reaches some critical point
Solution
A. 1st check the charger with replacement (b/c sometimes this problem is related with
charger)
B. 2st check the Battery with replacement (b/c sometimes this problem is related with
board)
C. Recharge Battery cells
D. Change Battery cells (If u can get)
E. Change Battery by its own Manufacture / Model No
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Problem 13: - CD Drive Problems
Problem Description:
They are three common laptop CD drive problems on most laptops: -
❖ The drive selects CD
❖ The drive totally can’t read any CD
❖ Mechanical problems
Solution
A. Check the driver first (if the problems is driver install driver)
B. If the drive selects CD use lens cleaner
C. If the drive can’t read any CD change the CD dive (they are two types of CD drive
in laptop Normal CDD and Slim CDD)
NB: - when changing the CD drive we must consider about the iron connecterfound of the
back of the CD drive and the front bezel.You can see two different types of connectors
found in modern CD/DVD optical disc drives. One drive has a SATA connector and the
other one has an older slim ATAPI connector.
An optical disc drive with a SATA connector is not interchangeable with an optical disc
drive with a slim ATAPI connector and vice versa.
NB: - Almost on all laptops the sound IC is found on around the air phone port.
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Solution
If the USB is physical damage: -
♣ Chang USB port (by its own type/pin)
If the USB isn’t physical damage: -
♣ Check USB driver (If there is driver problem install USB driver)
♣ If windows problem (Install new windows)
♣ Chang USB port
♣ Chang USB controller IC
Problem 16: - Fan Problems
Problem Description:
Most laptops have fan problems. The symptoms of fan problem are (abnormal overheating,
accidental restart or shutdown, system freeze or stack, abnormal sound etc.)
Solution
♣ Clean fan properly
♣ Change fan (if you can get change by its own model else make it modify)
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Solution
A. Check RAM connection
B. Change RAM slot
C. Clean RAM interface
D. Check RAM with replacement
E. Check RAM speed
F. Change RAM
Solution
♣ Check software problem by live windows (if the keyboard keys and working properly
on live windows install new windows)
♣ If the keyboard is not work in live windows check keyboard connection/spacer
♣ Change keyboard (by its own model)
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Solution
❖ First go to the bois using the function keys depending the laptop model and check
if the HDD is recognized by the bios.
❖ Check with external enclosure or new hard disk.
❖ IF there is a windows problem install new windows.
❖ If the new HDD is recognized by the BIOS the problem is on the previous HDD. So,
change the HDD.
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Solution
♣ Check the Wi-Fi /network driver (if the driver is not installed install the driver).
♣ Check the Wi-Fi cable/wire connecters’ connection.
♣ Change Wi-Fi card
Solution
♣ Flash/Install EEPROM IC program (By its own model)
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Problem 23: - Charging Problems
Problem Description:
The laptop is working properly but the battery is not charging.
Solution
♣ Check charger by replacement (b/c some of the time this problem is charger related).
♣ Check Battery by replacement (b/c some of the time this problem is Battery related).
♣ If the problem isn’t related with charger or battery (Change Charging IC by its own
Number.
♣ Check SMD components found on around charging section
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Solution
❖ Check power sections of the motherboard (DC input section)
❖ If there is power IC change by its own number.
❖ Check sort SMD components around power section.
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Problem 5: - Screen Hinj/Holder Problems
Problem Description:
The laptop screen holder /hinj problem is happen b/c of abnormal usage and accidental
broken.
Solution
❖ Maintain the upper & lower case of laptop holder problems by modify
❖ Change Holder and cover
Thanks!!
If Necessary, I will attach Part II Next Round!!
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