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LAPTOP SYSTEM PROBLEMS

TROUBLESHOOTING MANUAL

Parts of Laptop

Display Unit System Unit

Part I

Date 14 /04/2021E.C
Prepared By:- Wakgari Bekele Deressa
For more info & Troubleshoot call….0917360265

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Laptop Problems Classification

Laptop Problems

System Unit
Display Unit
Problems (80%)
Problems (20%)

1. Computer doesn’t turn on at all


2. Screen is Blank
3. Laptop turns on and off repeatedly
1. Screen problems 4. Battery related problems
2. Cable problems 5. CD drive related problems
3. Backlight Problems 6. Sound related problems
4. Screen cover & Hinge 7. USB related problems
Problems 8. Fun related problems
5. EEPROM problems 9. RAM related problems
6. Motherboard problems 10.Keyboard related problems
11. Hard disk related problems
12.Mouse related problems
13.Wi-Fi related problems
14.EEPROM related problems
15.Charging related problems
16.Motherboard problems
17.Super I/O problems
18.Screen hinj related problems
19.Power on related problems
20.Charger connecter problems & etc…

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Laptop System Unit Problems Troubleshooting
Problem 1: Computer doesn’t turn on at all.

When you plug the AC adapter into the laptop, there are no lights turning on at all. When
you push on the power button, nothing happens. The laptop appears to be completely dead,
makes no sounds, no indications of life.

Possible problem:

♥ The AC adapter failed and the battery has no charge left. In this case test the AC
adapter with a voltmeter. If it’s dead, replace it with a new one.
♥ DC jack failed and the motherboard doesn’t receive any power from the adapter. In
this case the DC jack has to be replaced.
♥ Motherboard failed. The motherboard has to be replaced, if it’s not too expensive.
Otherwise get ready to buy a new computer.

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Problem 2: Screen is Blank.

The laptop turns on, power LED lights up, cooling fan works but nothing appears on the
screen. The screen is completely black and blank. There is no image on the screen at all.

• Possible problem:
This can be memory failure. It’s possible one of the memory modules failed. In this case
you can try reseating memory modules to make sure they are making good contact with
the slot. You can try removing memory modules one by one and test the laptop with
only one module installed. You can try replacing memory modules.
If reseating/replacing memory doesn’t help, try removing the hard drive, DVD drive,
modem, wireless card, keyboard, etc…
In other words, disassemble the laptop to bare minimum and test again. If the laptop
still doesn’t turn on, most likely you have failed motherboard or processor.

Problem 3: Laptop turns on and off repeatedly.

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The laptop turn on without showing any image on the screen. After a few seconds it turns
off by itself. Then it turns on and off again.

Possible problem:

Most likely this is motherboard failure. You can try reseating/replacing memory as I
described in the Problem 2. If it doesn’t help, probably the motherboard failed.

Problem 4: Laptop makes noise while running.

The laptop turns on and everything works fine, except it makes some constant weird
grinding or rattling noise.

Possible problem:

➢ In most cases this noise is coming from the cooling fan or hard drive. Take a closer look
at the cooling fan.
➢ If the fan doesn’t spin but the the laptop makes noise, probably it’s coming from the
hard drive. Back up all personal data as soon as possible and replace the hard drive.
➢ Also, you can remove the hard drive and stat the laptop. If the laptop still makes noise,
most likely it’s bad fan.

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Problem 5: Laptop shuts down or freezes.

The laptop runs properly but after a while it freezes or shuts down without any warning.
When it happens, the bottom feels hot. Also, the cooling fan runs louder than usual.

Possible problem:

Most likely this is heat related issue. It happens because the fan heat sink is clogged with
dust and the processor not cooling down properly. Cleaning the fan and heat sink from
dust should fix it.

Problem 6: Battery not charging properly.

The battery stopped charging properly. It doesn’t charge at all or charges only after you
adjust the position of AC adapter plug inside the power connector.
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Possible problem:

❖ Failed battery. If it doesn’t charge completely try reconnecting the battery first.
❖ Also, try running the laptop just from AC adapter with battery removed. If it runs fine
from AC adapter, most likely it’s either bad battery or failed motherboard. Try
replacing the battery first.
❖ Failed DC power connector. If the battery charges only after you adjust the position of
AC adapter tip inside the connector, most likely this the DC jack failed.

Problem 7: Screen light fails.

The laptop starts properly but after a while the screen light turns off. The image still
appears on the screen but it’s very dark.

In some cases, the screen light never starts and all you can see is a very faint image.

Possible problem:

➢ Most likely it’s either failed screen inverter or backlight lamp (CCFL) failure. When
either one fail, the backlight stops working.
➢ In order to troubleshoot this, you’ll need some spare parts: either new working inverter
or known good backlight lamp.

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Problem 8: Some keyboard keys stopped working.

Some keyboard keys do not work at all or type wrong characters.

Possible problem:

Most likely the keyboard failed and they are not repairable.

Problem 9: Keyboard has missing or broken keys.

A key got separated from the laptop keyboard.

Problem solution:

If a key separated from the keyboard, it’s still possible to fix it.
If you have many keys missing, probably it makes sense to replace the whole keyboard.

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Problem 10: Repetitive beep sound on startup.

You turn on the laptop but there is no video on the screen. Instead, it starts making
repetitive beeping sound. In some cases, you can “fix” the problem temporarily if you press
on the keyboard keys.

• Problem solution:

Most likely you have stuck keys. In this case you’ll have to replace the keyboard.

Problem 11: Liquid spill.

You spilled something on the laptop and it’s stopped working.

Problem solution:
Liquid spills are very dangerous and unpredictable. If it happened, turn off the laptop
ASAP, remove the battery and do not use it until all internal parts are inspected for liquid
damage.

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Problem 12: - Battery Problems
Problem Description:
Any laptop computer has a battery pack which provides power to the laptop while it’s not
connected to the wall-plug through AC/DC power adapter. Laptop batteries come in many
different shapes and they are model-specific.

❖ The laptop is working on direct (laptop stopped running on the battery power. It
works fine from the AC adapter but shuts down as soon as you unplug the adapter)
❖ The laptop battery is working on minimum time (it is mostly happen b/c of battery
life time /duration)
❖ The battery discharges very quickly after it reaches some critical point

Solution
A. 1st check the charger with replacement (b/c sometimes this problem is related with
charger)
B. 2st check the Battery with replacement (b/c sometimes this problem is related with
board)
C. Recharge Battery cells
D. Change Battery cells (If u can get)
E. Change Battery by its own Manufacture / Model No

Some of the common laptop Battery Model


TO 3356 TO 5024 DE N4010 HP CQ42 TO 5019
TO 3357 TO 5185 DE S3020 HP AS55 TO 3718
TO 3533 TO 5109 DE B3321 HP CQ44 TO 3786
TO 3534 TO 3786 DE B4012 HP AD32 TO 3788
TO 3819 TO 3620 DE F4011 HP CQ56 TO 3817

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Problem 13: - CD Drive Problems
Problem Description:
They are three common laptop CD drive problems on most laptops: -
❖ The drive selects CD
❖ The drive totally can’t read any CD
❖ Mechanical problems

Solution
A. Check the driver first (if the problems is driver install driver)
B. If the drive selects CD use lens cleaner
C. If the drive can’t read any CD change the CD dive (they are two types of CD drive
in laptop Normal CDD and Slim CDD)
NB: - when changing the CD drive we must consider about the iron connecterfound of the
back of the CD drive and the front bezel.You can see two different types of connectors
found in modern CD/DVD optical disc drives. One drive has a SATA connector and the
other one has an older slim ATAPI connector.

An optical disc drive with a SATA connector is not interchangeable with an optical disc
drive with a slim ATAPI connector and vice versa.

Problem 14:- Laptop Sound Problems


1.1 There is no sound on-air phone port. But there is sound on Internal
Speaker.
♣ Solution
A. Check air phone port connection
B. Change air phone port (by its own pin 4, 5, 6,7,8,9 etc.)

1.2 There is no sound on internal speaker. But there is sound on air


Phone port.
♣ Solution
A. Check speaker connection on motherboard
B. Change speaker (by its own model or modify) (R or L or R&L)
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1.3 Totally there is no sound (internally & Externally)
Solution
A. Check Driver software (If driver is not installed, install driver)
B. Check Windows Problem (Change the windows)
C. Change sound IC (by its own model if u can get)
D. Use External sound Card (temporarly)

Some of the common laptop sound IC


ALC 255 ALC 662 ALC 655 ALC 3225 ALC 882D
ALC 280 ALC 259 ALC 101 ALC 270 ALC 881
ALC 271X ALC 277 ALC 880 ALC 883 ALC 882
ALC 860 ALC 202A ALC 272X ALC 3246 ALC 258
ALC 268 ALC 3234 ALC 269 ALC 283 Etc

Other Manufacturers Sound IC


ESS1921 AN12942 4299JQ TPA0202 8542TS
STAC9704 AU8810 AD1885 8552TS BA7786

NB: - Almost on all laptops the sound IC is found on around the air phone port.

Problem 15: - USB Port Problems


Problem Description:
The USB problem in laptop computer is not the most redundant problems. They are two
main symptoms of USB problems the first one is physically damage and the other one is it
doesn’t work without physical damage.

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Solution
If the USB is physical damage: -
♣ Chang USB port (by its own type/pin)
If the USB isn’t physical damage: -
♣ Check USB driver (If there is driver problem install USB driver)
♣ If windows problem (Install new windows)
♣ Chang USB port
♣ Chang USB controller IC
Problem 16: - Fan Problems
Problem Description:
Most laptops have fan problems. The symptoms of fan problem are (abnormal overheating,
accidental restart or shutdown, system freeze or stack, abnormal sound etc.)

Solution
♣ Clean fan properly
♣ Change fan (if you can get change by its own model else make it modify)

Problem 17: - RAM Problems


Problem Description:
Defective (Not working) laptop memory can have a number of symptoms, but bad memory
can be difficult to diagnose as it often shares symptoms with other defective components.
❖ No display
❖ Beep sound

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Solution
A. Check RAM connection
B. Change RAM slot
C. Clean RAM interface
D. Check RAM with replacement
E. Check RAM speed
F. Change RAM

Problem 18:- Keyboard Problems


Problem Description:
The keyboard problem in laptop is common in many laptops.
• Some laptop keyboard keys are not functional the others are working properly.
• Totally the keyboard is not functional.

Solution
♣ Check software problem by live windows (if the keyboard keys and working properly
on live windows install new windows)
♣ If the keyboard is not work in live windows check keyboard connection/spacer
♣ Change keyboard (by its own model)

Problem 19:- Hard disk Problems


Problem Description:
When a hard disk fails, the computer doesn’t boot, that means when we make on the pc the
computer display starts and do the usual bios process which means post (power on self-test)

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Solution
❖ First go to the bois using the function keys depending the laptop model and check
if the HDD is recognized by the bios.
❖ Check with external enclosure or new hard disk.
❖ IF there is a windows problem install new windows.
❖ If the new HDD is recognized by the BIOS the problem is on the previous HDD. So,
change the HDD.

Problem 20: - Touch pad / Mouse Problems


Problem Description:
A touchpad, track pad or mouse pad is a pointing device featuring a tactile sensor, a
specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative
position on the operating system that is outputted to the screen
Solution
❖ Clean up your touch & mouse pad
❖ Try to enable & disable your pad on keyboard (“Fn” key first, and while you press
it down, you need to press “the key with a mouse pad picture” to make mouse pad
function “enabled” or “disabled”)
❖ Check if your pad has been disabled in control panel- ( Check by using Live
windows)
❖ Check touch pad driver problemby using Live windowsor Remove & Re-install
your mouse pad driver
❖ If there is a windows problem install new windows
❖ Change Upper laptop cover
❖ Use external mouse

Problem 21:- Wi-Fi Problems


Problem Description:
The wireless /Wi-Fi is one of the laptop computers function if it is work properly the laptop
is able to do wireless internet connection. But, some of the time the Wi-Fi/ wireless are not
work properly or at all.

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Solution
♣ Check the Wi-Fi /network driver (if the driver is not installed install the driver).
♣ Check the Wi-Fi cable/wire connecters’ connection.
♣ Change Wi-Fi card

Problem 22: - EEPROM Problems


Problem Description:
The PC startup process is controlled by the EEPROM IC/ ROM IC, EEPROM IC/ ROM
IC is used to control the startup process of the PC by the help of programs installed on the
EEPROM IC, the process of the PC startup process is called POST (Power on Self-Test).
POST is the process of controlling the hardware parts of the PC working or not working by
using the default Process. Most of the time symptoms of EEPROM ICare.
♥ No display
♥ System dead (but there is power on board)
♥ Abnormal display
♥ Accidental Restart/shutdown.
♥ Etc………

Solution
♣ Flash/Install EEPROM IC program (By its own model)

Some of the common EEPROM IC numbers


Satellite C850 – B991 Satellite C50 – A628 Satellite C55 – B860
Satellite L42 – 253Y Satellite C55 – B1078 Satellite L755 – S5170
Satellite C55 – A5105 Satellite C660 –A253 Satellite C55 – B1078
TECRA A50 - A1041 Satellite C55 – B1065 Satellite C55 – B865
Satellite C55 – B866 Satellite C55 – B1057 Satellite C55 – B1064
Satellite C55 – C1571 Satellite C55 – C2052 Satellite L55 – B5254
Satellite L55 – B5267 Satellite L55 – B5294 Satellite S55 – 8535
Satellite S955 – S5373 HP 2000 – 2D08SE HP CQ61
HP 15 LA –B972P HP 15 LA –AY039 HP PRO430G2 LA

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Problem 23: - Charging Problems
Problem Description:
The laptop is working properly but the battery is not charging.

Solution
♣ Check charger by replacement (b/c some of the time this problem is charger related).
♣ Check Battery by replacement (b/c some of the time this problem is Battery related).
♣ If the problem isn’t related with charger or battery (Change Charging IC by its own
Number.
♣ Check SMD components found on around charging section

Some of the common laptop Charging IC


BQ 728 BQ 739 BQ 737 BQ 24765 BQ 24703
BQ 738 BQ 727 BQ 07A BQ 24751 BQ 24721
BQ 735 BQ 717 BQ 24742 BQ 24745 BQ 736
Other Manufacturers Charging IC
i 88731 i 95831 i 6251A TC 591 ADP 3806
i 88732 i 6255 TC 490 AAI 3680 DS 2770
MAX 745 MAX 8725 MAX 8724 MAX 1645B LT 1505G

Problem 24: - System Dead / Motherboard Problems


Problem Description:
Most of the time the laptop motherboard problem / symptom are: -
❖ No led indicator at all, no fan moving, no power.
❖ Led Indicator on, switching on, on for few second after that back off.

Some of the common P- Channel MOSFETs


4433 3423 4835 2203 4835
4825 6679 4407 2003 4409 etc.
Some of the common N- Channel MOSFETs
4466 4474 8844 4354 4726
4800 4232 4812 4916 4134
4214 4430 4134 4468 4856
4712 4488 4472 4802 4848 etc.

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Solution
❖ Check power sections of the motherboard (DC input section)
❖ If there is power IC change by its own number.
❖ Check sort SMD components around power section.

Problem 25: - Super I/O Problems


Problem Description:
Super I/O chip is the main chip in the laptop board it used to control input and output
process of the laptop parts. If super I/O is fail the laptop keyboard, mouse, USB, sound,
display and other devices and operations are not working properly or not functional.
Solution
♣ Reheat super I/O chip
♣ Chang Super I/O chip (By its own chip Number)

Some of the common Super I/O chip


ENE Super I/O Novoton Super I/O
ene KB926QF EO novoton NPCE781BAOX
ene KB926QF D2 novoton NPCE985LB1OX
ene KB9012QF A3 novoton NPCE985LAODX
ene KB930QF A1 novoton NPCE285PAODX
ene KB3310QF AO novoton NPCE795LAODX
ene KB926QFD3 novoton NPCE388NA1DX
ene KBC3926QF novoton NPCE783LAODX
ene KBC3930 novoton NPCE795S
Etc……. Etc…….
Some of the other manufacturers Super I/O chip
ITE Winbond
iTE IT8570E Winbond WPCE773LAODG
iTE IT8518E Winbond WPCE775
iTE IT8893E Winbond WPCE783
iTE IT8502E Winbond WPCE8763
Etc……. Etc.…….

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Problem 5: - Screen Hinj/Holder Problems
Problem Description:
The laptop screen holder /hinj problem is happen b/c of abnormal usage and accidental
broken.

Solution
❖ Maintain the upper & lower case of laptop holder problems by modify
❖ Change Holder and cover

Thanks!!
If Necessary, I will attach Part II Next Round!!

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