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    Exp 18

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    Shubhra Nil Dey
    The document describes the steps of an experiment to analyze the cation group of an unknown salt. It involves: 1. Preparing an original solution of the salt by dissolving it in various solvents like water, acids, and aqua regia. 2. Testing for group zero by passing gas from heated salt and NaOH through Nessler's reagent to detect NH4+. 3. Performing a series of confirmatory tests using precipitation reactions to determine if the salt contains a group I-VI cation. Precipitates formed upon addition of reagents indicate the cation group is present.

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    Exp 18

    Uploaded by

    Shubhra Nil Dey
    16 views1 page
    The document describes the steps of an experiment to analyze the cation group of an unknown salt. It involves: 1. Preparing an original solution of the salt by dissolving it in various solvents like water, acids, and aqua regia. 2. Testing for group zero by passing gas from heated salt and NaOH through Nessler's reagent to detect NH4+. 3. Performing a series of confirmatory tests using precipitation reactions to determine if the salt contains a group I-VI cation. Precipitates formed upon addition of reagents indicate the cation group is present.

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    exp 18

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    The document describes the steps of an experiment to analyze the cation group of an unknown salt. It involves: 1. Preparing an original solution of the salt by dissolving it in various solvents like water, acids, and aqua regia. 2. Testing for group zero by passing gas from heated salt and NaOH through Nessler's reagent to detect NH4+. 3. Performing a series of confirmatory tests using precipitation reactions to determine if the salt contains a group I-VI cation. Precipitates formed upon addition of reagents indicate the cation group is present.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    16 views1 page

    Exp 18

    Uploaded by

    Shubhra Nil Dey
    The document describes the steps of an experiment to analyze the cation group of an unknown salt. It involves: 1. Preparing an original solution of the salt by dissolving it in various solvents like water, acids, and aqua regia. 2. Testing for group zero by passing gas from heated salt and NaOH through Nessler's reagent to detect NH4+. 3. Performing a series of confirmatory tests using precipitation reactions to determine if the salt contains a group I-VI cation. Precipitates formed upon addition of reagents indicate the cation group is present.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Experiment – 18

    Formal Group Analysis

    Preparation of Original Solution (O.S.)

    To prepare the original solution, following steps are followed one after the other in a systematic
    order. In case the salt does not dissolve in a particular solvent even on heating, try the next solvent.
    The following solvents are tried:

    1. Take a little amount of the salt in a clean boiling tube and add a few mL of distilled water and
    shake it. If the salt does not dissolved, heat the content of the boiling tube till the salt completely
    dissolves.

    2. If the salt is insoluble in water as detailed above, take fresh salt in a clean boiling tube and add a
    few mL of dil.HCl to it. If the salt is insoluble in cold, heat the boiling tube till the salt is completely
    dissolved.

    3. If the salt does not dissolve either in water or in dilute HCl even on heating, try to dissolve it in a
    few mL of conc. HCl by heating.

    4. If salt does not dissolve in conc. HCl, then dissolve it in dilute nitric acid.

    5. If salt does not dissolve even in nitric acid then a mixture of conc. HCl and conc. HNO3 in the ratio
    3:1 is tried. This mixture is called aqua regia. A salt not soluble in aqua regia is considered to be an
    insoluble salt

    Test for Group Zero

    Experiment Observation Inference


    Take 0.1 g of salt in a test tube A gas is evolved with a smell of Zero group cation (NH4 + ion)
    and add 1-2 mL of NaOH ammonia. If we pass the gas present confirmed
    solution to it and heat through Nessler’s reagent.
    Brown precipitate is obtained

    Formal Group Analysis

    Experiment Observation Inference


    Original solution + dil HCl White precipitate obtained Group I cation present
    and filtered
    Solution from Group I + H2S is Black precipitate obtained Group II cation present
    passed
    Solution after Group II + H2S White/ reddish brown Group III cation present
    boiled off +add conc HNO3 + precipitate obtained
    boil + cool + add NH4Cl +
    NH4OH
    Solution from Group III + H2S Precipitate obtained Group IV cation present
    is passed
    Boil off H2S + add NH4Cl + White precipitate obtained Group V cation present
    NH4OH +( NH4)2CO3
    Solution from Group V+ add White precipitate obtained Group VI cation present
    NH4Cl + NH4OH + NaH2PO4

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