4-Csa B137.3-2009

Rigid polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe
© Canadian Standards Association and fittings for pressure applications
B137.3-09
and fittings for pressure
applications
1 Scope
1.1
This Standard covers rigid polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe and fittings intended for use in pressure
applications such as water mains, water service piping, and process piping. The fittings covered by this
Standard include moulded, solvent-cemented, gasketed, or threaded fittings, and fittings that have been
fabricated for use with any joining method.
Note: Where PVC pipe and fittings are to be used in non-water applications, the manufacturer should be consulted.
1.2
This Standard specifies requirements for materials, quality of work, dimensions, solvent cement, and
markings for pipe and fittings. Requirements for hydrostatic sustained pressure, extrusion, impact
resistance, and quality are also specified for pipe.
2 Reference publications
This Standard refers to the publications listed in Clause 2 of CSA B137.0, and where such reference is
made, it shall be to the edition listed there, including all amendments published thereto.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
3 Definitions and abbreviations

The definitions and abbreviations listed in Clause 3 of CSA B137.0 shall apply in this Standard.
4 General requirements
4.1 Basic requirements
In addition to meeting the requirements of this Standard, PVC pipe and fittings shall comply with the
applicable requirements of Clauses 4 and 5 of CSA B137.0.
4.2 Materials
4.2.1 Compounds
PVC compound used in a single production run shall be from one manufacturer and shall have a
hydrostatic design stress of at least 13.79 MPa.
October 2009 85
Copyright CSA Standards
Provided by IHS under license with CSA
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
B137.3-09 © Canadian Standards Association
4.2.2 Basic properties
4.2.2.1 Pipe
PVC compound used in the manufacture of pipe shall comply with the properties of cell classification
12454 as specified in ASTM D 1784.
4.2.2.2 Moulded schedule fittings

PVC compound used in the manufacture of moulded schedule PVC fittings shall have a cell classification of
12454 or 14333 as specified in ASTM D 1784 and a hydrostatic design basis of 22.06 MPa.
Note: Schedule fittings are manufactured to a pipe-size system (outside diameters and wall thicknesses) that was developed
by the iron pipe industry.
4.2.2.3 Moulded SDR and DR fittings

PVC compound used in the manufacture of moulded SDR and DR PVC fittings shall have a cell
classification of 12454 or 15343 as specified in ASTM D 1784 and a hydrostatic design basis of 27.58 MPa.
4.2.2.4 Extruded stock (for machined coupling fittings)

PVC compound used in the manufacture of extruded stock intended to be used for the manufacture of a
machined coupling fitting shall comply with the properties of cell classification 12454 as specified in
ASTM D 1784.
4.2.3 Long-term hydrostatic strength
4.2.3.1 Pipe
PVC compound used in the manufacture of pipe shall have a hydrostatic design basis of 27.58 MPa for
water at 23 °C when determined in accordance with Clause 6.6.4 of CSA B137.0. The hydrostatic design
stress of the PVC compound shall be 13.79 MPa.
4.2.3.2 Moulded fittings

PVC compound used in the manufacture of moulded fittings shall have a hydrostatic design basis for water
at 23 °C as specified in Clauses 4.2.2.2 and 4.2.2.3 of this Standard when determined in accordance with
Clause 6.6.4 of CSA B137.0, except that the test shall be conducted using injection-moulded tube
specimens. The hydrostatic design stress shall be 11.03 MPa or 13.79 MPa.
Note: For injection-moulded tube specimens, the use of end-gated moulds has been shown to yield the most linear data.
4.2.3.3 Extruded stock (for machined coupling fittings)

PVC compound used in the manufacture of extruded stock shall have a hydrostatic design basis of
27.58 MPa for water at 23 °C when determined in accordance with Clause 6.6.4 of CSA B137.0. The
hydrostatic design stress shall be 13.79 MPa.
5 Manufactured pipe
5.1 General
PVC pipe manufactured in accordance with this Standard shall be classified as follows:
IPS schedule 40, 80

IPS SDR (series) 41 (100), 32.5 (125), 26 (160), 21 (200), 17 (250)
IPS DR 25, 18, 14
CI DR 25, 18, 14
CI SDR 51, 41, 32.5
86 --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
October 2009
5.2 Dimensions of pipe
5.2.1 Average outside diameter

The outside diameter of PVC pipe shall comply with Table 1 when measured in accordance with
Clause 6.8 of CSA B137.0.
5.2.2 Out-of-roundness
The maximum out-of-roundness shall not exceed the values specified in Table 2 when measured in
accordance with Clause 6.8 of CSA B137.0.
5.2.3 Wall thickness

The minimum and maximum wall thicknesses of PVC pipe shall comply with Tables 3 to 6, where
applicable, when measured in accordance with Clause 6.8 of CSA B137.0.
5.2.4 Integral bell ends

The dimensions of integral solvent weld bell ends on IPS PVC pipe shall comply with Table 7 when
measured in accordance with Clause 6.8 of CSA B137.0.
5.3 Squareness of pipe ends

Pipe shall be supplied with squared or chamfered ends that are free of chips and rough edges.
5.4 Pressure rating of pipe

Pipe shall be designed for the pressure ratings at 23 °C as specified in Table 8, 9, or 10.
Note: Gasketed PVC pressure pipes produced in accordance with this Standard are designed to withstand occasional surges,
caused by power failures, etc., to a limit of 1.6 times the pressure rating of the pipe (see Tables 9 and 10). This limit is
determined by applying a safety factor of 2 to the proven short-term pressure capacities of gasketed PVC pipe specified in
Table 11. The safety factor of 2 is consistent with that used in determining the pressure ratings in this Standard. This Note
does not apply to systems where cyclic pressure changes are expected.
5.5 Hydrostatic sustained pressure strength of pipe

PVC pipe specimens shall be tested in accordance with Clause 6.6.5 of CSA B137.0. The regression curve
through the test points shall have a projected nominal value of at least 27.58 MPa at 23 °C.
5.6 Apparent tensile strength of pipe

PVC pipe specimens shall be tested in accordance with Clause 6.4 of CSA B137.0. The apparent tensile
strength shall be not less than 90% of the tensile strength of the compound specified in Clause 4.2.2.1.
5.7 Quality control of pipe
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5.7.1 Flattening
There shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, or breaking when pipe is tested in accordance with
Clause 7.2.
5.7.2 Extrusion
PVC pipe shall not flake or disintegrate when tested in accordance with ASTM D 2152. For the purposes of
in-plant quality control, the pipe may be tested in accordance with ASTM F 1057 in addition to or instead
of the test in ASTM D 2152. For qualification purposes, the product shall be tested in accordance with
ASTM D 2152.
October 2009 87
5.7.3 Impact resistance of pipe

PVC pipe shall be conditioned at 0 °C ± 2 °C for 4 h in water or, alternatively, for 16 h in air. Pipe shall not
crack or split when tested in accordance with Clause 6.7 of CSA B137.0 using the impact energy specified
in Table 12 of this Standard.
5.8 Gasketed bell-end and self-restrained joints
5.8.1 Gasketed bell-end joints

Gasketed bell-end joints shall comply with ASTM D 3139. Minimum short-term rupture requirements shall
be as specified in Table 11 of this Standard. The sealing portion of the gasket shall comply with Table 13 of
this Standard.
5.8.2 Self-restrained joints

For self-restrained gasketed joints, the minimum wall thickness of the pipe or socket, or both, at any point
within the joint assembly (excluding the point of entrance for the locking device), may be reduced,
provided that the effective dimension ratio (EDR) is less than or equal to the dimension ratio of the pipe.
Self-restrained joints shall comply with the requirements of Clause 5.8.1 and shall be tested in
accordance with Clause 7.5.
5.9 Solvent-cemented joints
5.9.1 Solvent cement
5.9.1.1
PVC solvent cement shall comply with the requirements specified in ASTM D 2564, except that
Clauses 5.5 and 6.3.3 of that Standard shall not apply.
5.9.1.2
In Canada, solvent cement intended for use with PVC pipe shall be grey.
5.9.2 Joining
Solvent-cemented joints shall not leak or pull apart when tested in accordance with Clause 7.3.
6 Fittings
6.1 Dimensions of fittings
6.1.1 Threaded or solvent-weld joints

Threaded or solvent-weld moulded fittings shall comply with one of the following:
(a) ASTM D 2464;
(b) ASTM D 2466; or
(c) ASTM D 2467.
Note: For solvent-cemented joints, only those taper bore fittings that are compatible with, and offer an interference fit to,
the pipe should be used.
6.1.2 Moulded gasketed IPS fittings
6.1.2.1
When compounds having a hydrostatic design basis of 27.58 MPa are used, the wall thickness of gasketed
IPS fittings shall comply with Table 14.
88 --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
October 2009
6.1.2.2
Gasketed sockets shall comply with the requirements of Clause 5.8.
6.1.3 Transition joints

Plastic parts of plastic-to-metal transition fittings shall comply with the dimensional requirements of
Tables 1 and 2 and Clause 6.1.1, as applicable, except for inside diameter (waterway) and wall thickness
tolerance requirements.
6.1.4 Mechanical joints

Mechanical-type fittings shall comply with Clause 5.3 of CSA B137.0.
6.2 Pressure rating of fittings

Fittings shall be designed for the pressure ratings at 23 °C specified in Table 15 or 16.
6.3 Hydrostatic sustained pressure test for fittings

Fittings shall be tested in accordance with Clause 6.6.6 of CSA B137.0, except that the test pressure shall
be 1.5 times the pressure rating specified in Table 15 or 16 of this Standard. Fittings shall show no rupture,
leak, or other failure.
6.4 Heat reversion in PVC moulded fittings

When tested in accordance with ASTM F 610/F 610M and Table 17 of this Standard, the penetration of
the wall resulting from knit line separation or surface peeling shall be such that the combined penetration
of two sides does not reduce the remaining fitting wall to less than 50% of the original thickness.
When the fitting being tested has a body and branch wall that fall within two different exposure times,
two fittings shall be tested. One shall be tested using the shorter exposure time and the other using the
longer exposure time.
6.5 Fabricated fittings
6.5.1 Pressure rating

Pipe used in fabrication shall comply with the requirements of this Standard. The pressure rating of the
pipe used in fabrication shall be equal to or greater than the pressure rating of the fitting.
Note: Loose bell adapters (e.g., repair couplings), formed by belling the ends of a short piece of pipe, are not considered
to be fabricated fittings. Such adapters should comply with the applicable requirements for the pipes and joints in
this Standard.
6.5.2 Hydrostatic sustained pressure test

Fabricated fittings shall be tested in accordance with Clause 6.3, except that at the end of the 1000 h test
the pressure shall be increased to 2.5 times the pressure rating within 2 min to 4 min. No failure shall
occur.
6.5.3 Quality control
6.5.3.1 Spark test

Every fitting shall be tested at the segment joint in accordance with Clause 7.4.1. There shall be no
evidence of arc formation from the tip of the probe to any joint along the weld line.
6.5.3.2 Lap shear test

Where fabrication is performed by solvent welding, the quality of the weld shall be tested in accordance
with Clause 7.4.2. The average lap shear strength shall be not less than 6.2 MPa. The bond area shall be in
accordance with the manufacturer’s standard design dimensions and tolerances, and the insertion depth
October 2009 --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

89
shall be such that the bond area is not less than 100 cm2 for a leg less than 300 mm in length and
200 cm2 for a leg 300 mm or greater in length.
Note: See Clause 5.9 for solvent weld requirements for socket-type joints.
6.5.3.3 Pressure test

A hydrostatic sustained pressure test shall be conducted in accordance with Clause 6.5.2 at least once
every 200 fittings produced or once every 3 months, whichever is more frequent. Sampling shall include a
selection of representative sizes of all configurations.
Note: One hundred percent sampling is not mandatory.
6.6 Machined coupling fittings (couplings machined from extruded

stock)
6.6.1 Dimensions
Machined couplings shall be compatible with pipe having the dimensions specified in Clause 5.2. The
dimensions of machined couplings shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications, when
measured in accordance with Clause 6.8 of CSA B137.0.
For machined couplings intended for use with SDR or DR pipe, the dimension ratio of the machined
coupling shall be not greater than the SDR or DR of the pipe that the coupling is intended to be used with.
For machined couplings intended for use with schedule pipe, the dimension ratio of the machined
coupling shall be not greater than the value obtained by dividing the average outside diameter of the pipe
by its minimum wall thickness.
For gasketed sockets, the wall thickness of the sealing portion of the annular gasket space, as defined in
ASTM D 139, shall be not less than the specified minimum wall thickness of the pipe with which the
machined coupling is intended to be used.
6.6.2 Coupling sockets

Gasketed sockets shall comply with Clause 5.8. Solvent weld sockets shall comply with Clause 5.2.4.
6.6.3 Pressure rating

Machined couplings shall be designed for the pressure ratings at 23 °C as specified in Table 8, 9, or 10.
6.6.4 Hydrostatic sustained pressure test for machined coupling

Machined couplings shall comply with the requirements of Clause 5.5.
6.6.5 Apparent tensile strength

PVC extruded stock specimens shall comply with the requirements of Clause 5.6.
6.6.6 Quality control of machined coupling fitting
6.6.6.1 Flattening
PVC extruded stock specimens shall comply with the requirements of Clause 5.7.1.
6.6.6.2 Extrusion
PVC extruded stock specimens shall comply with the requirements of Clause 5.7.2.
6.6.6.3 Impact resistance

PVC extruded stock specimens shall comply with the requirements of Clause 5.7.3 using the impact
energy level of the next larger size of the pipe with which the coupling is intended to be used.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
90 October 2009
7 Test methods
7.1 General
7.1.1 Conditioning
Specimens shall be conditioned in accordance with Clause 6.1.1 of CSA B137.0.
7.1.2 Conditions for conducting tests

Tests shall be conducted under the conditions specified in Clause 6.1.3 of CSA B137.0.
7.2 Flattening test for pipe

The flattening test shall be conducted as follows:
(a) Three specimens of pipe, each 50 mm long, shall be flattened between parallel plates in a suitable
press until the distance between the plates is 5% of the original outside diameter of the pipe or until
the walls of the pipe touch, whichever occurs first.
(b) The rate of loading shall be uniform and sufficiently high that the compression is completed within
2 min to 5 min.
(c) The specimens shall be examined for evidence of splitting, cracking, or breaking.
Note: For safety, the test should be conducted in an enclosed, protected area.
7.3 Long-term hydrostatic strength test for solvent-cemented joints

Solvent-cemented joints of pipe and fittings shall be assembled and tested for long-term hydrostatic
strength in accordance with Clause 6.6.6 of CSA B137.0, except that the test pressure for all fittings shall
be 2.75 MPa.
7.4 Quality control tests for fabricated fittings
7.4.1 Spark test
7.4.1.1
A power source capable of producing 25 000 V dc at the tip of a probe shall be used. A compatible
grounding medium shall be applied either on the outside or on the inside of the fitting on the weld
(before reinforcement, if any). The grounding medium in the prepared resin is graphite, which is added to
the polyester or epoxy in the proportion of 20% by volume. Any other equivalent grounding medium may
be used. A strip 25 mm wide shall be covered by this grounding resin.
7.4.1.2
The weld line shall be scanned using the tip of a probe held approximately 3 mm away from the surface
on the side opposite to the applied grounding. Any discontinuity in the weld from the probe to the
grounding medium shall be indicated by the jump of a spark from the tip of the probe.
7.4.2 Lap shear test
7.4.2.1
The lap shear test shall be carried out at least once every 200 fittings produced or once every 3 months,
whichever is more frequent.
7.4.2.2
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Each test specimen shall be a section of the joint measuring approximately 25 mm × 50 mm. A portion of
the joint component shall be machined off to obtain a specimen as shown in Figure 1(a).
October 2009 91
7.4.2.3
Lap shear strength shall be tested using a holding fixture of the type shown in Figure 1(b). The shear
speed shall be 1.25 mm/min. Three specimens shall be tested per joint and the average of the results shall
be calculated and expressed in MPa.
7.5 Tensile testing for self-restrained joints
7.5.1 Criteria
No failure of the joint shall occur. Failure shall include rupture, leakage, or any other defect of the joint.
7.5.2 Test procedure

Self-restrained joints shall be tested in tension for
(a) 30 min at 33% of the maximum allowable pull force specified by the manufacturer for the applicable
pipe;
(b) 30 min at 66% of the maximum allowable pull force specified by the manufacturer for the applicable
pipe;
(c) 30 min at 100% of the maximum allowable pull force specified by the manufacturer for the
applicable pipe; and
(d) 5 min at 125% of the maximum allowable pull force specified by the manufacturer for the applicable
pipe.
After being subjected to the test procedure specified in Items (a) to (d), the same specimen shall be tested
to verify compliance with the requirements of Clause 5.8.2.
8 Markings
8.1 Pipe
PVC pipe shall be marked in accordance with Clause 7.1 of CSA B137.0, as well as with the SDR or
DR number or pipe schedule.
8.2 Fittings
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
8.2.1 General
Fittings shall be marked in accordance with Clause 7.2 of CSA B137.0.
8.2.2 Fabricated fittings

In addition to the markings specified in Clause 8.2.1, fabricated fittings shall be marked with the following:
(a) “FABRICATED FITTING” or “FAB FTG”; and
(b) the pressure rating of the fitting.
Note: The marking on the fabricated fitting is distinct from the existing marking on pipe used to fabricate the fitting.
8.2.3 Machined couplings

In addition to the markings specified in Clause 8.2.1, machined couplings shall be marked with
(a) the pressure rating of the coupling at 23°C; and
(b) the DR, SDR, or schedule of pipe with which the coupling is intended to be used.
8.3 Solvent cements

Solvent cement containers shall be marked in accordance with Clause 7.3 of CSA B137.0.
92 October 2009
Table 1
Average outside diameters of PVC pipe
(See Clauses 5.2.1 and 6.1.3.)
Average OD, mm
IPS pipe CI pipe

Nominal pipe
size Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
1/8 10.2 10.4 — —

1/4 13.6 13.8 — —
3/8 17.0 17.2 — —
1/2 21.2 21.4 — —
3/4 26.6 26.8 — —
1 33.3 33.5 — —
1-1/4 42.0 42.3 — —
1-1/2 48.1 48.4 — —
2 60.2 60.5 — —
2-1/2 72.8 73.2 — —
3 88.7 89.1 — —
3-1/2 101.4 101.8 — —
4 114.1 114.5 121.67 122.13
5 141.0 141.6 — —
6 168.0 168.6 175.02 175.58
8 218.7 219.4 229.52 230.28

10 272.7 273.4 281.52 282.28
12 323.5 324.3 334.92 335.68
14 355.2 356.0 388.22 388.98
16 405.9 406.9 441.49 442.51
18 456.7 457.7 494.79 495.81
20 507.4 508.6 547.96 549.24

24 608.8 610.4 654.54 656.06
30 761.0 763.0 811.78 813.82
36 913.2 915.6 971.53 974.07
42 — — 1128.78 1131.82
48 — — 1288.40 1292.20
Note: An em-dash (—) indicates that the product is not covered by this Standard.
October 2009
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
93
Table 2
Out-of-roundness of PVC pipe
(See Clauses 5.2.2 and 6.1.3.)
Maximum out-of-roundness, mm
IPS pipe CI pipe
DR 25, 18, 14,

Nominal pipe and SDR 41, Schedule DR 25, 18, 14, and
size 32.5, 26, 21 SDR 17 pipe SDR 51, 41, 32.5
1/8 0.76 0.40 0.40 —

1/4 0.76 0.40 0.40 —
3/8 0.76 0.40 0.40 —
1/2 0.76 0.40 0.40 —
3/4 0.76 0.52 0.52 —
1 0.76 0.60 0.60 —

1-1/4 0.76 0.76 0.76 —
1-1/2 1.52 0.86 0.86 —
2 1.52 1.08 1.08 —
2-1/2 1.52 1.32 1.32 —
3 1.60 1.60 1.60 —

3-1/2 2.56 1.82 2.56 —
4 2.56 2.06 2.56 2.56
5 2.56 2.54 2.56 —
6 3.02 3.02 3.02 3.16
8 3.94 3.94 3.94 4.14

10 4.92 4.92 4.92 5.08
12 5.84 5.84 5.84 6.04
14 7.60 6.40 7.60 7.60
16 8.20 7.32 8.20 8.20
18 9.20 8.22 9.20 9.20
20 10.20 9.14 10.20 10.20

24 12.20 10.98 12.20 12.20
30 15.20 13.72 — 15.20
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
36 18.40 16.46 — 18.40
42 — — — 21.40
48 — — — 24.40
Notes:
(1) Out-of-roundness compliance shall be determined before shipment to the first buyer.
(2) Out-of-roundness measurements may be made at any point along the pipe length.
(3) An em-dash (—) indicates that the product is not covered by this Standard.
94 October 2009
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Table 3
October 2009
© Canadian Standards Association

Wall thicknesses of IPS (SDR) PVC pipe
(See Clauses 5.2.3 and Tables 7 and 14.)
Wall thickness, mm
SDR 41 SDR 32.5 SDR 26 SDR 21 SDR 17

Nominal
pipe size Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
1/8 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54
1/4 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54
3/8 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54
1/2 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54
3/4 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54
1 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54
1-1/4 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.48 3.00
1-1/2 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.28 2.80 2.84 3.36
2 2.02 2.54 2.02 2.54 2.30 2.82 2.86 3.38 3.56 4.06
2-1/2 2.02 2.54 2.24 2.74 2.78 3.30 3.48 3.98 4.28 4.80
Not for Resale
3 2.16 2.66 2.74 3.26 3.42 3.94 4.24 4.74 5.22 5.86
3-1/2 2.48 3.00 3.12 3.64 3.90 4.42 4.82 5.40 5.96 6.68
4 2.78 3.30 3.50 4.02 4.38 4.92 5.44 6.10 6.72 7.54
5 3.44 3.96 4.34 4.88 5.44 6.12 6.72 7.54 8.30 9.30
6 4.12 4.62 5.18 5.80 6.48 7.26 8.02 9.00 9.90 11.10
8 5.32 5.96 6.72 7.54 8.42 9.44 10.40 11.70 12.90 14.50
10 6.66 7.44 8.40 9.42 10.50 11.80 13.00 14.50 16.00 18.00
and fittings for pressure applications

12 7.90 8.84 9.96 11.20 12.40 13.90 15.40 17.30 19.00 21.30

14 8.66 9.70 10.90 12.30 13.70 15.30 16.90 19.00 20.90 23.40
16 9.90 11.10 12.50 14.00 15.60 17.50 19.40 21.70 23.90 26.80
18 11.10 12.60 14.10 15.80 17.60 19.70 21.80 24.40 26.90 30.10
20 12.40 13.90 15.60 17.50 19.60 21.90 24.20 27.10 29.90 33.50
24 14.90 16.60 18.80 21.00 23.50 26.30 29.00 32.50 35.90 40.20
30 18.60 20.10 23.40 26.30 29.30 32.80 36.30 40.60 44.80 50.20
36 22.30 25.00 28.10 31.50 35.20 39.40 43.50 48.80 53.80 60.20
95
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Table 4
Wall thicknesses of IPS (schedule) PVC pipe
(See Clauses 5.2.3 and Table 7.)
Wall thickness, mm
Schedule 40 Schedule 80
Nominal
pipe size Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
1/8 — — 2.40 2.92

1/4 2.24 2.74 3.02 3.54
3/8 2.30 2.82 3.20 3.70
1/2 2.76 3.28 3.72 4.24
3/4 2.86 3.38 3.90 4.42
1 3.38 3.88 4.54 5.08

1-1/4 3.56 4.06 4.84 5.44
1-1/2 3.68 4.20 5.08 5.68
2 3.90 4.42 5.54 6.20
2-1/2 5.16 5.76 7.00 7.84
3 5.48 6.14 7.62 8.54
3-1/2 5.74 6.42 8.08 9.04

4 6.02 6.72 8.56 9.58
5 6.54 7.34 9.52 10.70
6 7.10 7.98 11.00 12.30
8 8.18 9.16 12.70 14.20
10 9.26 10.40 15.10 16.90
12 10.30 11.60 17.40 19.50

14 11.10 12.50 19.00 21.30
16 12.70 14.30 21.40 23.90
18 14.30 16.00 23.80 26.70
20 15.00 16.90 26.20 29.30
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
24 17.40 19.50 30.90 34.70
Table 5
Wall thicknesses of IPS (DR) PVC pipe
Wall thickness, mm
DR 25 DR 18 DR 14
Nominal
pipe size Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
4 4.56 5.14 6.34 7.12 8.14 9.14

6 6.72 7.54 9.34 10.50 12.00 13.50
8 8.76 9.80 12.20 13.60 15.60 17.50
10 10.90 12.20 15.20 17.00 19.50 21.80
12 12.90 14.50 18.00 20.10 23.10 25.90
96 October 2009
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Table 6
October 2009
© Canadian Standards Association

Wall thicknesses of CI PVC pipe
Wall thickness, mm
SDR 51 SDR 41 SDR 32.5 DR 25 DR 18 DR 14

Nominal
pipe size Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
4 — — — — — — 4.88 5.44 6.78 7.54 8.70 9.70

6 — — — — — — 7.00 7.82 9.72 10.90 12.50 14.00
8 — — — — — — 9.20 10.30 12.80 14.20 16.40 18.40
10 — — — — — — 11.30 12.60 15.70 17.50 20.10 22.50
12 — — — — — — 13.40 15.00 18.60 20.90 23.90 26.80
14 7.62 8.53 9.50 10.80 12.0 13.4 15.60 17.40 21.60 24.20 27.80 31.10
16 8.67 9.71 10.80 12.30 13.6 15.2 17.70 19.80 24.60 27.50 31.60 35.40
18 9.71 10.90 12.10 13.80 15.2 17.1 19.80 22.20 27.50 30.80 35.40 39.60
20 10.80 12.00 13.40 15.30 16.9 18.9 22.00 24.60 30.50 34.10 39.20 43.90
24 12.90 14.40 16.00 18.20 20.2 22.6 26.20 29.40 36.40 40.80 46.80 52.40
Not for Resale
30 15.90 17.90 19.80 22.60 25.0 28.5 32.50 36.40 45.20 50.60 58.10 65.00
36 19.10 21.40 23.70 27.00 29.9 34.1 38.90 43.60 54.00 60.50 69.50 77.80
42 22.20 25.70 27.50 32.00 34.8 40.3 45.20 52.50 — — — —
48 25.30 29.40 31.50 36.50 39.7 46.1 51.60 59.90 — — — —
and fittings for pressure applications

97
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Table 7
Dimensions of solvent weld bell-end IPS PVC pipe
(See Clause 5.2.4.)
B A
E*
A B C
At socket entrance, mm At socket bottom, mm

Minimum
Maximum Maximum socket
Nominal out-of- out-of- length,
pipe size Diameter Tolerance roundness Diameter Tolerance roundness mm
1/2 21.54 ± 0.10 0.40 21.23 ± 0.10 0.40 25.40

3/4 26.87 ± 0.10 0.40 26.57 ± 0.10 0.40 28.57
1 33.66 ± 0.13 0.50 33.27 ± 0.13 0.50 28.57
1-1/4 42.42 ± 0.13 0.60 42.04 ± 0.13 0.60 31.75
1-1/2 48.56 ± 0.15 0.60 48.11 ± 0.15 0.60 34.92
2 60.63 ± 0.15 0.60 60.17 ± 0.15 0.60 38.10

2-1/2 73.38 ± 0.18 0.76 72.85 ± 0.18 0.76 44.45
3 89.31 ± 0.20 0.76 88.69 ± 0.20 0.76 47.62
4 114.76 ± 0.23 0.76 114.07 ± 0.23 0.76 57.15
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5 141.81 ± 0.25 1.52 141.05 ± 0.25 1.52 66.67
6 168.83 ± 0.28 1.52 168.00 ± 0.28 1.52 76.20

8 219.84 ± 0.38 2.28 218.69 ± 0.38 2.28 101.60
10 273.71 ± 0.38 2.54 272.72 ± 0.38 2.54 107.95
12 324.56 ± 0.38 3.04 323.49 ± 0.38 3.04 114.30
14 357.02 ± 0.76 3.04 355.60 ± 0.76 3.04 114.30
16 408.33 ± 0.89 3.56 406.40 ± 0.89 3.56 127.00

18 458.20 ± 0.98 3.92 456.70 ± 0.98 3.92 152.40
20 509.20 ± 1.10 4.40 507.40 ± 1.10 4.40 177.80
24 611.20 ± 1.30 5.20 608.80 ± 1.30 5.20 203.20
*The minimum wall thickness of the bell, E, shall be not less than 90% of the minimum wall thickness of the pipe
specified in Table 3, 4, 5, or 6.
98 October 2009
Table 8
Pressure rating of schedule PVC pipe
(See Clauses 5.4 and 6.6.3 and Table 15.)
Pressure rating for PVC 12454, kPa
Nominal pipe size Schedule 40 Schedule 80
1/8 — 8370
1/4 5390 7790
3/8 4280 6340
1/2 4100 5830
3/4 3300 4710
1 3100 4330
1-1/4 2540 3570
1-1/2 2270 3230
2 1900 2780
2-1/2 2090 2920
3 1810 2580
3-1/2 1650 2380

4 1530 2230
5 1330 1990
6 1210 1920
8 1070 1690
10 960 1610
12 900 1560
14 890 1560
16 890 1530
18 890 1510
20 840 1490
24 810 1470
Note: An em-dash (—) indicates that the product is not covered by this
Standard.
Table 9
Pressure rating of SDR PVC pipe
(See Clauses 5.4 and 6.6.3.)
Pressure rating for

Dimension ratio PVC 12454, kPa
51 550
41 690
32.5 860
26 1100
21 1380
17 1720
October 2009 --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

99
Table 10
Pressure rating of DR PVC pipe
Pressure rating
Dimension ratio for PVC 12454, kPa
25 1150
18 1620
14 2130
Table 11
Short-term internal test pressure for gasketed bell-end joints
DR or SDR* Test pressure†, kPa
51 1760
41 2200
32.5 2800
26 3530
25 3670
21 4410
18 5190
17 5510
14 6780
*Schedules 40 and 80 are not included, as the joints are

not subject to the requirements of Clause 5.8.
†The fibre stress used to derive the pressure is 44.1 MPa.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
100 October 2009

Table 12
Minimum impact requirements for PVC pipe at 0 °C
(See Clause 5.7.3.)
Impact energy, J
Nominal pipe
size DR and SDR Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Tup type
1 40 20 20 B
1-1/4 55 30 25 B
1-1/2 70 35 30 B
2 95 45 35 B
2-1/2 110 65 55 B
3 120 95 65 B
3-1/2 135 110 70 B
4 135 135 80 A or CSA-A
5 145 145 100 A or CSA-A
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
6 160 160 120 A or CSA-A
8 175 175 150 A or CSA-A

10 190 190 190 A or CSA-A
12 205 205 205 A or CSA-A
14 225 225 225 A or CSA-A
16 240 240 240 A or CSA-A
18 270 270 270 A or CSA-A
20 300 300 300 A or CSA-A

24 300 300 300 A or CSA-A
30 300 — — A or CSA-A
36 300 — — A or CSA-A
42 300 — — A or CSA-A
48 300 — — A or CSA-A
Notes:
(1) See Figure 5 of CSA B137.0 for tup nose details.
(2) An em-dash (—) indicates that the product is not covered by this Standard.
October 2009 101

Table 13
Physical properties of elastomeric gaskets for pressure pipe
(See Clause 5.8.1.)
ASTM
Property Conditions test method Requirements
Compression set After oven aging for D 395 20% maximum

22 h at 70 °C (Method B)
Effect of elastomeric After oven aging for F 477 No crazing, pits, or blisters on the pipe
compound on pipe 96 h at 70 °C
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Elongation Unaged D 412 400%
After oven aging for Maximum decrease of 20%

96 h at 70 °C
Hardness Unaged D 2240 40 to 60 Shore A durometer
After oven aging for Maximum increase of 8 points

96 h at 70 °C
After refrigeration for Maximum increase of 15 points

22 h at –10 °C ± 2 °C
Ozone resistance 0.5 ppm (volumetric ratio) D 1149 No cracks
Tensile strength Unaged D 412 13.8 MPa
After oven aging for Maximum decrease of 15%

96 h at 70 °C
Water immersion After oven aging for D 471 Maximum of 5% change in volume
48 h at 70 °C
102 October 2009

Table 14
Minimum wall thicknesses of IPS series PVC fittings
(See Clause 6.1.2.1.)
Series 200 (SDR 21)
Minimum wall
Nominal pipe size thickness, mm
1/8 2.53
1/4 2.53
3/8 2.53
1/2 2.53
3/4 2.53
1 2.53
1-1/4 2.53
1-1/2 2.85
2 3.58
2-1/2 4.35
3 5.30
3-1/2 6.03
4 6.80
5 8.40
6 10.03
7 13.00
10 16.25
12 19.25
14 21.13
16 24.25
18 27.25
20 30.25
24 36.25
30 45.38
36 54.38
Note: The minimum wall thickness is 25% thicker

than the SDR pipe (see Table 3) with which the
fitting is intended to be used.
103
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
October 2009
Table 15
Pressure rating of schedule PVC fittings
(See Clauses 6.2 and 6.3.)
Pressure rating for PVC 12454 or 14333, kPa
Nominal pipe size Schedule 40 Schedule 80
1/8 3350 5090

1/4 3230 4680
3/8 2560 3800
1/2 2480 3520
3/4 1980 2860
1 1860 2600
1-1/4 1530 2150
1-1/2 1370 1940
2 1240 1740
2-1/2 1160 1660
3 1070 1530
3-1/2 990 1446
4 910 1330
5 790 1200
6 740 1160
8 660 1030
10 580 950
12 540 950
Note: The pressure ratings for schedule fittings in this Table are approximately 60% of
those shown for schedule pipe of the same size in Table 8. Where schedule fittings are part
of a schedule pipe system, the total system pressure shall not exceed the pressure rating of
the largest fitting used. Schedule 40 and 80 fittings may be used interchangeably with
Schedule 40 and 80 pipes where the system pressure allows or requires.
Table 16
Pressure rating of SDR and DR PVC fittings
(See Clauses 6.2 and 6.3.)
Pressure rating, kPa
Dimension ratio SDR fittings
51 550
41 690
32.5 860
26 1100
21* 1380
17 1720
DR fittings
25 1150
18 1620
14 2130
*An SDR 21 fitting is also known as a series 200 fitting.
104 --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
October 2009
Table 17
Heat reversion exposure times for PVC moulded fittings
(See Clause 6.4.)
Mean wall thickness*, Exposure time,

e, mm min
e≤3 15
3 < e ≤ 10 30
10 < e ≤ 20 60
20 < e ≤ 30 140
30 < e ≤ 40 220
e > 40 240
*Mean wall thickness is the average of the

minimum and maximum wall thicknesses.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(a) Test specimen
Applied force
Joint Specimen
(b) Test apparatus
Figure 1
Lap shear test
(See Clauses 7.4.2.2 and 7.4.2.3.)
October 2009 105

Annex A (informative)
Standard practice for the installation of PVC
pressure pipe and fittings
Note: This informative (non-mandatory) Annex has been written in normative (mandatory) language to facilitate adoption
where users of the Standard or regulatory authorities wish to adopt it formally as additional requirements to this Standard.
A.1 General
A.1.1 Data included
This Annex includes recommended methods of storing, installing, and acceptance testing of PVC pressure
pipe and fittings complying with the requirements of this Standard.
A.1.2 Other regulations

The storage, installation, and testing methods specified in this Annex might not be in compliance with
local codes or bylaws. Users should consult such codes and regulations in their jurisdiction for primary
guidance on proper methods.
A.2 Storage and handling

A.2.1 Unloading
A level area shall be chosen that is free of debris and rocks that can abrade or bear on the pipe. When
unloading with slings, a spreader with straps at least 50 mm wide and approximately 3 m apart shall be
used to support the pipe at two points.
A.2.2 Long-term exposure to sunlight

A harmless discoloration of the exposed surfaces of PVC pipe and fittings can occur after prolonged
storage in direct sunlight. Where PVC pipe and fittings are stored in exposed outside conditions for more
than one year, they shall be kept under an opaque cover that allows for ventilation of the stored item. This
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
will prevent any ultraviolet discoloration. Where they are not exposed to direct sunlight, PVC pipe and
fittings may be stored outdoors for an indefinite time without any adverse effect.
A.2.3 Storage in the yard
A.2.3.1
Pipe shall be stored in the unit in which it was shipped from the factory whenever possible. For reasons of
safety and ease of access, units shall be stacked not more than two high.
A.2.3.2
Where pipes are unloaded individually by hand or sling, the pipes shall not be allowed to drop in an
unrestrained fall to the ground. Lengths of pipe shall not be allowed to roll together roughly. Special care
shall be taken in freezing winter conditions.
106 October 2009

A.2.3.3
The dunnage supplied with the shipment to separate the pipes in the stockpile shall be used to stockpile
loose pipes in the yard. Pipe in sizes NPS-3 and smaller shall be supported at 1200 mm intervals on a flat
separator approximately 100 mm wide. Pipe in sizes NPS-4 to NPS-14 shall be supported at 2 m intervals
on 100-mm-wide separators. Pipe in sizes NPS-16 and larger shall not be stored in tiers after unloading.
Large-diameter pipes shall be laid individually on flat ground, or supported at points one-third in from the
ends of the pipe, so that the bell section does not support the weight of the pipe.
A.2.4 Storage at the job site
A.2.4.1
At the job site, pipe shall be stored in its original shipping containers until needed. Loose pipes shall be
stored on a level surface, stockpiled in accordance with Clause A.2.3.3, and not more than 2 m high.
A.2.4.2
Fittings, accessories, and gaskets (when supplied separately) shall be stored in their original containers
until needed. During winter conditions, all loose items necessary to join the pipe shall be kept in a secure,
warm area.
A.2.4.3
All materials shall be stored away from sources of extreme heat (e.g., engines, dynamos, and boilers).
A.2.4.4
Pipes shall be strung alongside the trench opposite to the piles of excavated dirt. The pipes shall be
oriented so that their bells face the direction of laying.
A.2.4.5
Strict attention shall be paid to local codes and bylaws governing the handling and storage of pipe and
accessories and the excavation of trenches.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A.3 Gasketed pipe installed underground
A.3.1 Preparing the trench
A.3.1.1
The pipe shall be buried at least 150 mm below the deepest penetration of frost recorded for the location
of installation. Where the pipe is buried under a road surface or other travelled area, the minimum height
of cover shall be 600 mm.
A.3.1.2
The length of open trench shall be minimized. This will reduce the possibility of a flooded trench, frozen
ground, impact damage, and hazard to traffic.
A.3.1.3
Bedding shall be provided to support the pipe uniformly while maintaining the required line and grade.
Frozen material shall not be used to bed the pipe. At least 100 mm of selected bedding material shall be
placed under the pipe if the native soil in the pipe zone is rock, shale, or similar unyielding material.
Recesses in the bedding shall be scooped out to accommodate the projecting bells of the pipe (e.g.,
offsets should be shaped in the bedding to fit joint hubs). When unstable soil is encountered, the trench
shall be over-excavated and brought back to grade with approved material.
October 2009 107

A.3.1.4
The material used to bed the pipe and the material used to support the pipe haunch shall have the same
sieve analysis to prevent the migration of fines from the upper portion of the trench into the lower portion,
leading to loss of support. Clear granular material serves as good bedding and haunching provided that
the native soil will not migrate into it.
A.3.1.5
The maximum grain size for bedding and initial backfill material shall be 20 mm. The maximum grain size
for the final backfill shall be 100 mm. (See Figure A.1 for the components of a trench.)
A.3.1.6
The compaction of the bedding, haunching, and initial backfill shall be carried out using hand-controlled
devices such as a hand tamper or “jumping jack”. There shall be no tamping directly over the pipe until at
least 0.3 m of initial backfill has been placed. Heavier equipment may be used over the pipe after 1.2 m of
backfill has been placed.
A.3.1.7
Faceted material such as crushed rock tends to arch and form voids under the haunch. All voids shall be
collapsed by slicing through the material with the tip of a spade or by similar means.
A.3.2 Assembly of gasketed pipes
A.3.2.1
The integral bell gasketed joint shall be designed so that the spigot end of the pipe compresses the gasket
radially to form a positive seal. In order for the spigot to compress the gasket uniformly, it shall be
chamfered to approximately 15°. Where pipe has been field cut, the chamfer shall be made on the pipe
end in order to closely resemble the factory-made chamfer. The elastomeric gasket shall be positioned in
the groove of the bell or coupling (many PVC pipes are not supplied with the gasket installed at the
factory) and the spigot end of the pipe shall be inserted into the bell or coupling as recommended by the
manufacturer. All parts of the joint shall be cleaned immediately before assembly to prevent dirt or other
foreign matter from interfering with the seal. Before assembly, a suitable lubricant approved by the
manufacturer shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
A.3.2.2
The spigot shall be pulled into the bell so that the penetration of the assembly is in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions. The correct point of assembly shall be indicated by a line drawn on the spigot
end, which should be just visible at the edge of the bell. Where possible, the pipes shall be assembled
without pulling the bell over the spigot, as this can introduce foreign matter under the gasket.
A.3.3 Curvature
A curvature in a PVC pipeline may be induced during installation and shall be done in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations. There are two methods:
(a) Pipes in sizes NPS-8 and smaller may be curved in the barrel of the pipe to minimum radii of
curvature specified by the designer. Where this method of inducing a curvature is used, the joints
themselves shall remain concentric during and after the process.
(b) Alternatively, the joints themselves may be capable of some longitudinal deflection within the
mechanical limits of their design, as recommended by the manufacturer.
108 October 2009

--`,,```,,,,````-

A.3.4 Thrust restraint

Thrust blocking shall be provided where pipe changes in direction and where pipe size reductions are
made, such as at valves, elbows, tees, reducers, and hydrants. There are two methods:
(a) Thrust blocking may be provided by a concrete pour that transfers the thrust force vector to the
undisturbed soil in the trench or by means of tie rods keyed into a concrete pour anchored in the
undisturbed soil. The bearing strength of the soil determines the area of concrete thrust block
required to resist the thrust force.
(b) Thrust restraint may also be provided by mechanical joint restraint devices that have been rated for
the pressure in the system. The correct rating and the number of the devices required shall be in
accordance with the designer’s specifications.
A.3.5 Backfill
A.3.5.1
A.3.5.1.1
The material placed over the pipe itself to a height of 150 mm to 300 mm above the top of the pipe is the
initial backfill. The purpose of the initial backfill is to protect the pipe from the final backfill, which is the
material placed overtop the initial backfill to the top of the trench.
A.3.5.1.2
Unless otherwise specified by the designer,
(a) the maximum size of stone in the initial backfill shall be 20 mm;
(b) the initial backfill may consist of the native material in the trench, provided that it is free of large
stones, debris, or other organic materials, and is unfrozen; and
(c) the final backfill may contain boulders up to 100 mm in diameter and may consist of native material.
A.3.5.2
Where a high degree of compaction is required in the haunching area on either side of the pipe, the
compactive effort shall not dislodge the pipe from its correct grade. Unless otherwise specified by the
designer, the compaction of the haunching material to 85% Proctor may be considered adequate in the
majority of cases.
A.3.5.3
If the trench is flooded before backfilling and the pipe floats, the pipe and any standing water shall be
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
removed and the pipe shall be relaid to the correct grade and line.
A.3.5.4
Using only hand-guided compactors (e.g., “jumping jacks”), the initial backfill shall be compacted on
either side of the line of the pipe. Compaction efforts shall be applied to the initial backfill directly over the
pipe only after 0.3 m of backfill has been placed.
A.3.6 Placing of fittings and valves
A.3.6.1
To ensure the complete seating of the mechanical joint gasket when PVC pipe is assembled to a
mechanical-joint cast iron bell, the chamfer on the pipe shall be trimmed off where necessary in order to
provide a square end. The gaskets shall be duck-tipped rather than lead-tipped. The plane of the cut shall
be at right angles to the centreline of the pipe. The plain end of PVC pipe shall be inserted fully into the
mechanical joint bell. For pipe in sizes NPS-4 to NPS-24, the mechanical-joint tee-bolts shall be tightened
to a torque of 94.9 to 108.5 N•m and larger sizes shall be tightened to a torque of 122.0 to 135.6 N•m.
October 2009 109

A.3.6.2
Where PVC pipe is assembled to a push-type iron fitting, the chamfer on the end of the pipe shall be
reduced to a length of approximately 6 mm and the assembly shall be seated to the bottom of the bell.
When assembling PVC pipe to iron fittings, the assembly or reference line on the spigot shall be ignored
because it applies only to those assemblies made to the integral bell of the pipe itself. Assembly of PVC
pipe to injection-moulded PVC or fabricated PVC fittings shall be in accordance with the procedures
provided for gasketed pipe in Clause A.3.2.
A.3.6.3
The full weight of metal fittings and valves used with PVC pipe shall not be borne by the pipe. These
fittings, especially in sizes NPS-12 or greater, shall be supported independently by careful placement of
crushed stone, concrete pads, or well-compacted trench bottom.
A.3.7 Service connections

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A.3.7.1
With the approval of the designer, service connection for pipe in sizes smaller than NPS-1 may be
established by tapping directly into the wall of PVC pipe. This procedure is recommended exclusively for
DR 18 and DR 14 (Class 150 and Class 200) PVC pipe, NPS-6 to NPS-12. Other thickness classes of PVC
pipe shall not be directly tapped. The direct tapping of PVC pipe shall be carried out only after carefully
following the instructions of the manufacturer. Although direct taps may be performed in approved pipes
that are under pressure or unpressurized, tapping the pipe under static pressure is preferred.
A.3.7.2
Saddles that are designated for the PVC pipe being installed shall be used for making service connections
to all classes of pressure pipe, in sizes NPS-36 and smaller. A maximum outlet size of NPS-2 is possible
using the saddle tapping procedure.
A.3.7.3
Tapping sleeves and valves shall be used for making connections to PVC pipe mains up to size-on-size. This
is a specialized procedure and shall be performed by skilled contractors.
A.3.8 Putting the line into service
A.3.8.1
Before filling and testing the pipeline, sufficient cover shall be placed on it to ensure that it does not move
in response to minor thrust forces. The pipeline shall be filled at a moderate rate not in excess of 0.6 m/s,
and preferably slower. Provision shall be made for the release of entrapped air at high points in the
pipeline to avoid pressure surges during filling and false readings during testing.
A.3.8.2
Hydrostatic testing shall be carried out in accordance with the directions of the designer. The test pressure
shall be measured at the lowest point in the line and shall not exceed the pressure rating of the pipe or any
limitation imposed on the pipe pressure by the use of thrust restraints, etc. The test procedure shall have
the following two objectives:
(a) to prove that the pipeline has been properly assembled and does not leak beyond tolerable limits;
and
(b) to prove that the finished structure is capable of sustained service at the proposed operating pressure.
Items (a) and (b) are generally encompassed in one test, commonly with a duration of 2 h at a pressure
50% higher than the operating pressure in the pipeline. The rate of leakage shall be measured by
determining the amount of supplementary water required to maintain the test pressure within 35 kPa of
the specified test pressure. The pipeline shall not be accepted until the rate of leakage is at or below the
specified maximum.
110 October 2009

A.3.8.3
The pipeline shall be placed in service only after it has been cleaned and disinfected in accordance with
the designer’s specifications.
A.4 Solvent-cemented pipe and fittings installed overhead

A.4.1
A.4.1.1
PVC pressure systems shall be installed in accordance with local codes and bylaws.
A.4.1.2
PVC pipe and fittings shall be installed in proper alignment and without strain between the pipe and
fitting.
A.4.1.3
A.4.1.3.1
Pipe shall be cut with a hacksaw, handsaw, or other fine-toothed mechanical saw.
A.4.1.3.2
Other tools that are required include
(a) a mitre box or guide to ensure square cut of pipe;
(b) a natural bristle or nylon brush with a width of
(i) 12 mm for pipes in sizes NPS-1/2 or smaller;
(ii) 25 mm for pipes in sizes greater than NPS-1/2 but no greater than NPS-2; and
(iii) 1/2 the pipe size for pipes in sizes greater than NPS-2, except that a 60 mm brush is adequate
for pipes in sizes NPS-6 or larger;
(c) a knife or coarse file, for removal of burrs and rough edges;
(d) a clean, lint-free cloth;
(e) a workbench or supports to facilitate working with standard pipe lengths;
(f) paint rollers with nonsynthetic tufts for use with large-diameter pipes; and
(g) a friction puller or “come-along” for pulling together large-diameter pipes.
A.4.2
A.4.2.1
Openings through walls, partitions, and floors shall be of sufficient size to allow free passage of pipe
and/or fittings. They shall be free of harmful surfaces or projections.
A.4.2.2
Allowance shall be made for expansion and contraction in accordance with Table A.1.
A.4.2.3
Solvent cement shall not be used near flame and prolonged contact with skin shall be avoided. Solvent
cementing shall be performed in well-ventilated areas. When not in use, containers of solvent cement and
primer shall be kept tightly closed. When solvent cement becomes too thick to effect proper welding
techniques, it shall be discarded and a fresh supply used. Solvent cement shall not be thinned with primer
or thinners.
October 2009
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
111
A.4.2.4
Directional changes shall not be made without the use of fittings. Although pipe is somewhat flexible in
long lengths, it shall not be bent to compensate for misalignment, or other permanent directional
changes, in solvent-cemented assemblies.
A.4.2.5
A.4.2.5.1
Where pipe ends in a threaded fitting, a standard screw shall be used.
A.4.2.5.2
Where pipe ends without a threaded fitting, sufficient pipe length shall be left to enable capping by
solvent cementing a suitable cap, which can be cut off so that the pipe can be sized to proper length.
A.4.2.6
Care should be taken when using solvent cement to protect all finished surfaces in the work area, as
solvent cement can damage painted surfaces, tile and hardwood floors, countertops, etc.
A.5 Installation
A.5.1 Inspection
A.5.1.1
Before starting the installation, all pipes and fittings shall be examined and any that are cracked, broken, or
otherwise damaged shall be set aside.
A.5.1.2
The installer shall check that all pipes, fittings, adapters, solvent cements, hangers, tools, etc., that are
necessary for an orderly completion of the system are on hand.
A.5.2 Solvent-cementing method for pipe in sizes NPS-8 and smaller
A.5.2.1
The pipe shall be cut to the correct length, and any burrs and/or flash shall be removed using a file, knife,
or end-trimming tool.
A.5.2.2
Immediately before joining, the mating surfaces of the piping and fittings shall be cleaned with a cleaner
recommended by the manufacturer until all foreign matter and grease have been removed.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A.5.2.3
Before applying solvent cement, the pipe and fitting sockets shall be checked for dry fit by assembling the
pipe in the fitting socket. The pipe shall not enter the fitting socket beyond two-thirds of its depth in order
to ensure a proper leak-proof weld. If the pipe and socket do not interfere, another fitting shall be selected
and the procedures of Clauses A.5.2.1 and A.5.2.2 shall be repeated.
A.5.2.4
Where a specific angle must be achieved between the pipe and fitting, the correct relative positions shall
be marked using a grease pencil.
Note: The mould parting lines on the fitting may be used as reference points.
112 October 2009

A.5.2.5
The joining surfaces shall be softened with a primer recommended by the manufacturer. With a bristle
paint brush, a heavy coat of solvent cement shall be applied to the pipe end and a light coat shall be
applied to the fitting sockets. Both mating surfaces shall be completely covered.
A.5.2.6
The pipe shall immediately be pushed into the fitting socket with a turning motion until the pipe end butts
against the socket shoulder. The joint shall be held still for 20 s and not disturbed for 3 min (see Table A.2).
A.5.3 Solvent-cementing method for pipe in sizes larger than NPS-8
A.5.3.1
The pipe shall be cut square, and burrs and/or flash shall be removed using a rasp, file, or knife. To remove
foreign matter and grease, the mating surfaces of the pipe and fitting shall be cleaned with a solution
recommended by the manufacturer immediately before proceeding to the next step.
A.5.3.2
The joining surfaces shall be softened using a primer, as specified in ASTM F 656. Two coats might be
needed to ensure that the surfaces are tacky when the cement is applied.
A.5.3.3
Where a specific angle must be achieved between pipe and fitting, the correct orientation of the pipe and
fitting shall be marked with a marker pen.
A.5.3.4
The selected means of assembly shall be prepared for immediate use.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A.5.3.5
Sufficient cement shall be applied to the mating surfaces to fill the gap between the pipe and fittings. If
the precautions in Clause A.4.2.6 have been taken, the cement shall be poured over the pipe surface and
the mating fitting surface and spread with a brush. At elevated humidity and temperature, a heavy-bodied
or extra-heavy-bodied cement shall be used to provide a slower setting time.
A.5.3.6
The pipe shall immediately be pushed into the fitting socket while the mating surfaces are covered with
wet cement.
A.5.3.7
The joint shall be completed by two operators. They shall apply primer and cement simultaneously, and
subsequently assemble the pipe into the fitting socket.
A.5.3.8
A levered assembly shall be made using a bar and wood plank. Alternatively, one or two “come-alongs” or
lever pullers may be used. Sufficient chain with a choker strap shall be laid out on either side of the joint.
The “come-alongs” shall then be laid out on either side of the joint and adjusted to a length equivalent to
the insertion depth. The primer and cement shall be applied immediately before the “come-alongs” are
hooked up, after which the joint shall be pulled together.
A.5.3.9
The new assembly shall be held in place with the assembly apparatus for 1 min to 2 min (depending
on size) to permit the handling set to occur. The handling set shall be completed before further joints
are made.
October 2009 113

A.5.3.10
The initial set shall be allowed to develop before the joint is subjected to installation stresses, such as those
due to slope realignment, etc. (See Table A.2 for initial set times.)
A.5.3.11
The joint shall be allowed to cure in accordance with the cure times specified in Table A.3 before filling the
line for test or placing it in service.
A.5.4 Adapting to other pipes
A.5.4.1 Threaded connections
A.5.4.1.1
Only Schedule 80 PVC pipe shall be threaded. For other pipes, only threaded adapter fittings shall be used.
A.5.4.1.2
Thread tightness shall be a function of maximum handtightness. A strap wrench may be used for
additional tightening, but tightness shall not exceed one turn beyond handtightness.
A.5.4.1.3
Threaded joint compounds shall not be used.
A.5.4.1.4
Male threaded PVC adapters shall be used in preference to female threaded plastic adapters when
connecting to metal pipe.
A.5.4.2 Caulked joints

Caulking shall be used only to join PVC pipe to plastic bell and spigot pipe.
A.5.4.3 Transition to other piping

Adapter fittings shall be used to join PVC to other types of piping. Only adapter fittings approved for the
intended transition shall be used.
A.5.4.4 Supports
A.5.4.4.1
Hangers shall be strap-type metal hangers or an equivalent. They shall have a broad support base and be
free of burrs or rough edges.
A.5.4.4.2
Hangers shall not be tightened on pipe such that the pipe is compressed, distorted, or bent.
A.5.4.4.3
Horizontal pipe shall be supported at intervals not greater than 1.2 m at all branch ends and at all points at
which there is a change in direction.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A.5.5 Special environmental conditions

The installation of PVC pressure pipe in close contact with heat sources shall be avoided.
114 October 2009

A.5.6 Repairs to systems
A.5.6.1 Pipe repairs

Damaged sections in pipes shall be repaired by cutting out the damaged section and connecting a new
piece of pipe through the use of mechanical or solvent-cemented couplings.
A.5.6.2 Fitting repairs

All damaged fittings shall be removed from the system and replaced.
A.5.6.3 Joint repairs
A.5.6.3.1
If the solvent-cemented joint leaks, the fitting shall be removed and replaced. Solvent cement shall not be
used to fill the leaky joint. For temporary repairs, the leaky joint may be sealed by back welding using
molten PVC compound or by wrapping it with glass fibre-reinforced polyester compound and allowing it
to cure.
A.5.6.3.2
The cause of the leaky joint shall be determined. Where a misalignment of pipe has caused a strain on the
joint before it has had a chance to weld properly during installation, the strain shall be eliminated by
realigning the system and the joint shall be repaired in accordance with Clause A.5.6.3.1.
A.6 Inspection and test of installation

Satisfactory performance of the PVC pressure pipe installation shall be confirmed when it has been
installed, inspected, and tested in accordance with local codes and bylaws.
A.7 Cleanup
A.7.1
All tools shall be cleaned using primer and thinners. Tools should be cleaned immediately following use.
A.7.2
Sustained contact between thinners and skin shall be avoided. Skin shall be washed with soap and water
immediately after such contact has been made. Gauntlet rubber gloves should be used for cleanup.
October 2009
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
115
Table A.1
Thermal expansion and contraction of PVC pipe
(See Clause A.4.2.2.)
Change in Change in lengths of 10 m

temperature, °C of pipe (any size), mm
5 2.7
10 5.4
15 8.1
20 10.8
40 21.7
60 32.5
80 43.4
90 48.8
Table A.2
Initial set time, h
(See Clauses A.5.2.6 and A.5.3.10.)
Temperature range during initial set time

Nominal pipe size –20 °C to 5 °C 5 °C to 15 °C 15 °C to 40 °C
1-1/4 3 1 0.25
1-1/2–3 6 2 0.50
3-1/2–8 12 4 1
10–14 24 8 2
16–24 48 16 4
Note: After initial set, the joints will withstand the stresses of a normal installation.
(A badly misaligned installation will cause excessive stresses in the joint, pipe, and
fittings.) See Clause A.5.3.10.
116 --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
October 2009
Table A.3
Joint cure time*
Temperature range during assembly cure period

Anticipated service
Nominal pipe size pressure in MPa, p –20 °C to 5 °C 5 °C to 15 °C 15 °C to 40 °C
1-1/4 p ≤ 1.24 8h 2h 1h
1.24 < p ≤ 2.55 48 h 12 h 6h
1-1/2–3 p ≤ 1.24 16 h 4h 2h
1.24 < p ≤ 2.17 96 h 24 h 12 h
3-1/2–8 p ≤ 1.24 48 h 12 h 6h
1.24 < p ≤ 2.17 8d 48 h 24 h
10–14 p ≤ 1.24 8d 72 h 24 h
16–24 p = 0.69 10 to 14 d 5d 48 to 72 h
*At a relative humidity of 60% or less. In damp or humid weather, allow 50% more cure time. See Clause A.5.3.11.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
October 2009 117

Excavated trench width
Final backfill
Initial backfill
150 mm to
300 mm
Springline
Pipe
embedment
Pipe Pipe
zone
Haunch
zone
Haunching
Foundation
Bedding (where required)
Figure A.1
Trench cross-section
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
118 October 2009

CSA Standard
B137.3.1-09
Molecularly oriented polyvinylchloride
(PVCO) pipe for pressure applications
Published in October 2009 by Canadian Standards Association

A not-for-profit private sector organization
5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6
1-800-463-6727 • 416-747-4044
Visit our Online Store at www.ShopCSA.ca

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---


4-Csa B137.3-2009

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

4-Csa B137.3-2009

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

4-Csa B137.3-2009

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Rigid polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe

© Canadian Standards Association and fittings for pressure applications

3 Definitions and abbreviations

4.2.2 Basic properties

4.2.2.2 Moulded schedule fittings

4.2.2.3 Moulded SDR and DR fittings

4.2.2.4 Extruded stock (for machined coupling fittings)

4.2.3 Long-term hydrostatic strength

4.2.3.2 Moulded fittings

4.2.3.3 Extruded stock (for machined coupling fittings)

IPS schedule 40, 80

5.2 Dimensions of pipe

5.2.1 Average outside diameter

5.2.3 Wall thickness

5.2.4 Integral bell ends

5.3 Squareness of pipe ends

5.4 Pressure rating of pipe

5.5 Hydrostatic sustained pressure strength of pipe

5.6 Apparent tensile strength of pipe

5.7 Quality control of pipe

5.7.3 Impact resistance of pipe

5.8 Gasketed bell-end and self-restrained joints

5.8.1 Gasketed bell-end joints

5.8.2 Self-restrained joints

5.9 Solvent-cemented joints

5.9.1 Solvent cement

6.1.1 Threaded or solvent-weld joints

6.1.2 Moulded gasketed IPS fittings

6.1.3 Transition joints

6.1.4 Mechanical joints

6.2 Pressure rating of fittings

6.3 Hydrostatic sustained pressure test for fittings

6.4 Heat reversion in PVC moulded fittings

6.5 Fabricated fittings

6.5.1 Pressure rating

6.5.2 Hydrostatic sustained pressure test

6.5.3 Quality control

6.5.3.1 Spark test

6.5.3.2 Lap shear test

October 2009 --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

6.5.3.3 Pressure test

6.6 Machined coupling fittings (couplings machined from extruded

6.6.2 Coupling sockets

6.6.3 Pressure rating

6.6.4 Hydrostatic sustained pressure test for machined coupling

6.6.5 Apparent tensile strength

6.6.6 Quality control of machined coupling fitting

6.6.6.3 Impact resistance

7.1.2 Conditions for conducting tests

7.2 Flattening test for pipe

7.3 Long-term hydrostatic strength test for solvent-cemented joints

7.4 Quality control tests for fabricated fittings

7.4.1 Spark test

7.4.2 Lap shear test

7.5 Tensile testing for self-restrained joints

7.5.2 Test procedure

8.2.2 Fabricated fittings

8.2.3 Machined couplings

8.3 Solvent cements