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    Causes Signs and Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia

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    Causes Signs and Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia

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    Causes Signs and Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia

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    Jeki Bong

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    Perspective

    Causes, Signs and Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia


    Sezginer Sekhon*
    Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    DESCRIPTION • Immune-mediated causes are transient factors such as


    mycoplasma pneumonia infection (cold agglutinin disease) or
    Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia caused by hemolysis, the autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia
    abnormal destruction of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in the blood (systemic erythema, rheumatoid arthritis). Permanent factors
    vessels or elsewhere in the human body. It most commonly occurs in such as (more common in diseases such as illness) lymphoma and
    the spleen, but it can also occur in the reticle endothelial system or chronic diseases.
    mechanically damage to the prosthesis. Hemolytic anemia accounts
    for 5% of all existing anemias. It has many potential consequences, • One of the causes of hypersplenism (increased splenic activity),
    from common symptoms to life-threatening systemic effects. The such as portal hypertension.
    general classification of hemolytic anemia is either intrinsic or • Acquired hemolytic anemia can also occur as a result of burns
    extrinsic. Treatment depends on the type and cause of hemolytic and certain infections (such as malaria).
    anemia. Symptoms of hemolytic anemia are similar to other forms
    of anemia, but in addition, the breakdown of red blood cells causes • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH), sometimes
    jaundice and carries the risk of certain long-term complications referred to as Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome, is a rare, potentially
    such as gallstones and pulmonary hypertension. life-threatening blood characterized by complement-induced
    intravascular hemolytic anemia. It is a disease.
    CAUSES
    • Lead poisoning in the environment causes non-immune
    They can be categorized by either endogenous hemolytic if the hemolytic anemia.
    cause is related to the Red Blood Cells (RBC) or the extrinsic if
    the non-RBC factor is dominant. Intrinsic effects include coping • Similarly, poisoning with arsine or stibine also causes hemolytic
    with RBC protein problems and oxidative stress, while external anemia.
    factors include immune attacks and micro vascular angiopathy that SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
    mechanically damage RBC during circulation.
    Symptoms of hemolytic anemia are similar to the general signs of
    Intrinsic causes anemia. The common signs and symptoms are: fatigue, paleness,
    Hereditary hemolytic anemia can be caused by: shortness of breath, tachycardia. In young children, all forms of
    anemia can cause failure to thrive. In addition, hemolysis-related
    • Defective red blood cell membrane production, such as hereditary symptoms such as chills, jaundice, dark urine, and enlarged spleen
    spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis. may occur. Certain aspects of the medical history may suggest causes
    • Defects in hemoglobin production such as thalassemia, sickle of hemolysis, such as: drugs, side effects of drugs, autoimmune
    cell anemia, and congenital red blood cell dysplastic anemia. disorders, blood transfusion reactions, presence of artificial heart
    valves, or other medical conditions.
    • Defects in erythrocyte metabolism such as glucose-6-phosphate
    dehydrogenase deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency. Chronic hemolysis leads to increased secretion of bilirubin into
    the bile ducts, which can lead to gallstones. Continued release of
    • Wilson’s disease rarely occurs in hemolytic anemia without free hemoglobin is associated with the development of pulmonary
    excess circulating inorganic copper that destroys red blood cells hypertension (increased pressure in the entire pulmonary artery).
    (although the mechanism of hemolysis is still unknown). This in turn leads to episodes of fainting, chest pain, and progressive
    Extrinsic causes shortness of breath. Ultimately, pulmonary hypertension causes
    right ventricular heart failure, the symptoms of which is peripheral
    • Acquired hemolytic anemia can be caused by immune causes, edema (accumulation of fluid in the skin of the legs) and ascites
    drugs, and a variety of other causes. (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity).

    Correspondence to: Sezginer Sekhon, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, E-mail: ssezginer@gmail.
    com
    Received: 10-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. JB DT-22-15313; Editor assigned: 12-Jan-2022, PreQC No.JB DT-22-15313 (PQ); Reviewed: 24-Jan-2022,
    QC No. JB DT-22-15313; Revised: 27-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. JB DT-22-15313 (R); Published: 31-Jan-2022, DOI: 10.4172/2155-9864.22.13.
    e313.
    Citation: Sekhon S (2022) Causes, Signs and Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia. J Blood Disord Transfus. 13:e313.
    Copyright: © 2022 Sekhon S. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
    unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

    J Blood Disord Transfus, Vol. 13 Iss. 1 No: 1000e313 1

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