1|Page Vectors

Introduction of Vector Polar Vectors : These have stating point or point of

application. Example displacement and force etc.
Physical quantities having magnitude, direction and obeying laws of
vector algebra are called vector. Ex: Displacement, velocity,
acceleration, momentum, force, impulse, thrust, torque, angular
Chapter – 1 Vectors
momentum, angular velocity etc.
Axial Vectors : These represent rotational effects and are
If a physical quantity has magnitude and direction both, then it does not always along the axis of rotation in accordance with right hand
always imply that is a vector. For it to be a vector the third condition of screw rule. Angular velocity, torque and angular momentum,
obeying laws of vector algebra has to be satisfied. etc., are example of physical quantities of this type.

Example : The physical quantity current has both magnitude and

direction but still a scalar as it disobeys the laws of vector algebra.

Types of vector
! !
Equal vectors : Two vectors A and B are said to be equal then
they have equal magnitudes and same direction and represent same Coplanar vector : Three (or more) vectors are called
physical quantity. coplanar vector if they lie in the same plane. Two (free) vectors
! ! are always coplanar.
Parallel vector : Two vector A and B are said to be parallel
Negative Vectors : A vector of same magnitude and
when
opposite direction of the given vector is called negative vector of
(i) Both have same direction. that vector.

(ii) One vector is scalar (positive) non-zero multiple of another Triangle Law of Vector Addition of Two Vectors
vector.
If two non zero vectors are represented by the
! ! two sides of a triangle take in same order then the resultant is
Anti - parallel vectors : Two vectors andA B
are said to given by the closing sides of triangle in opposite order. i. e.
be anti- parallel when Both have opposite direction. ! ! !
R = A+ B
One vector is scalar non-zero negative multiple of another
vector .
! OB = OA + AB
(1) Collinear vectors : Collinear vectors are those which
act along same line. So angle between them can be zero or
(1) Magnitude of resultant vector
1800.

(2) Zero vector ( 0 ) : A vector having zero magnitude and AN

arbitrary direction (not known to us) is a zero vector.
In D ABN, cosq = \ AN = B cosq
B
(3) Unit vector : A vector divided by its magnitude is a unit
!
vector. Unit vector for A is A (read as A cap or A hat). It has BN
sinq = \ BN = B sinq
magnitude equal to units. B
!
A !
Since, Â = Þ A = AAˆ . In D OBN, we have OB2 = ON2 + BN2
A
Thus, we can say that unit vector gives us the direction.
Þ R2 = (A + B cosq)2 + (B sinq)2

Orthogonal unit vectors : iˆ , ĵ and k̂ are called Þ R2 = A2 + B2 cos2q + 2ABcosq + B2 sin2q

orthogonal unit vectors. These vectors must from a right handed
triad (It is a coordinate system such that when we curl the fingers
Þ R2 = A2 + B2 (cos2q + sin2q) + 2ABcosq
of right hand from x to y then we must get the direction of z
along thumb).
Þ R2 = A2 + B2 + 2ABcosq

Þ R= A2 + B 2 + 2 AB cosq

(2) Direction of resultant vector : If q is angle

! !
between A and B , then ! !
A+ B = A2 + B 2 + 2 AB cosq
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! ! Resultant of three non co- planer vectors can not be zero.
If R makes an angle a with A , then in DOBN,
Subtraction of vector
BN BN ! ! ! !
tan a = =
ON OA + AN Since, A - B = A + (- B ) and

B sin q ! !
tan a = A + B = A2 + B 2 + 2 AB cosq
A + B cosq
! !
Parallelogram Law of Vector Addition If two non Þ A- B = A 2 + B 2 + 2 AB cos(1800 - q )
zero vectors are represented by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram
then the resultant is given by the diagonal of the parallelogram passing
through the point of intersection of the two vectors. Since, cos(1800 - q ) = - cosq
(1) Magnitude ! !
Þ A - B = A2 + B 2 - 2 AB cosq
Since, R 2 = ON 2 + CN 2
B sin q
tan a 1 =
Þ R = (OA + AN ) + CN
2 2 2 A + B cosq

B sin(180 - q )
Þ R 2 = A2 + B 2 + 2 AB cosq and tan a 2 =
A + B cos(180 - q )
! ! !
\ R = R = A + B = A2 + B 2 + 2 AB cosq But sin(180 - q ) = sin q and cos(180 - q ) = - cosq

B sin q
Þ tan a 2 =
A - B cosq
Resolution of Vector into Rectangular Components
!
Consider a vector R in X–Y plane as shown in fig. If be draw orthogonal
! !
vectors R x and R y along x and y axes respectively, law of vector addition,
Special cases : R = A + B when q = 00 ! ! !
R = R x+ R y
R = A - B when q = 1800
!
Now as for any vector A = Anˆ
R = A2 + B 2 when q = 90 0 ! !
(2) Direction
So, Rx = iˆRx and R y = ˆjR y
!
CN B sin q So, R = iˆRx + ˆjR y …(i)
tan b = =
ON A + B cosq
But from figure n Rx = R cosq …(ii)
Polygon Law of Vector Addition If a number
of zero vectors are represented by the (n – 1) sides of an n-sides polygon
taken in same order then the resultant is given by the closing side or the And R y = R sin q …(iii)
nth side of the polygon taken in opposite order. So,
Since R and q are usually known, Equation (ii) and (iii) give the
!
magnitude of the components of R along x and y-axes respectively.
Here it is worthy to note once a vector is resolved into its components,
the components themselves can be used to specify the vector as

Resultant of two unequal vectors can not be zero. !

(1) The magnitude of the vector R is obtained by squaring and adding
Resultant of three co-planer vectors may or may not be zero. equation (ii) and (iii), i.e.
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which is positive if angle between the vectors

R = Rx2 + R y2
is acute (i.e., < 900) and negative if angle
!
(2) The direction of the vector R is obtained by dividing equation (iii)
between them is obtuse (i.e., 900 < q < 1800).
by (ii), i,e,
(ii) It is Commutative, i.e.
tan q = ( R y / Rx ) or q = tan ( Ry / Rx )
-1
!! !!
A.B = B. A
Rectangular components of 3-d vector
(iii) It is distributive, i.e.
! ! ! ! !
R = Rx + R y + Rz or R = Rx iˆ + R y ˆj + Rz kˆ ! ! ! ! ! ! !
A.( B + C ) = A.B + A.C
! !
(iv) As by definition A.B = AB cosq
! !
The angle between the vectors q = cos -1 é A.B ù
ê ú
ë AB û

! (v) Scalar product of two vectors will be maximum when cos q = max
If R makes an angle a with x axis, b with y axis and g with z
= 1, i.e. q =0 0
, i.e., vectors are parallel
axis, then
!!
Rx Rx ( A.B) max = AB
Þ cos a = = =l
R R + R y2 + Rz2
2
x
(vi) Scalar product of two vectors will be minimum when cosq = min
Ry Ry = 0, i.e. q = 90 0
Þ cos b = = =m
R Rx2 + R y2 + R z2 ! !
( A.B) min = 0
Rz Rz
Þ cos g = = =n i.e. if the scalar product of two non zero vectors vanishes the vectors are
R Rx2 + R y2 + Rz2 orthogonal.

! (vii) The scalar product of a vector by itself is termed as self dot

Where l, m, n, are called Direction Cosines of the vector R and ! ! !
product and is given by ( A) 2 = A. A = AA cosq = A 2
Rx2 + R y2 + Rz2
l + m + n = cos a + cos b + cos g =
2 2 2 2 2 2
=1 ! !
Rx2 + R y2 + Rz2 i.e. A = A. A
When a point P have coordinate (x, y, z) then its position
(viii) In case of unit vector n̂
vector OP = xiˆ + yˆj + zkˆ
! ! !! ! ! ! !
When a particle moves from point (x1, y1, z1) to (x2, y2, z2) then its nˆ.nˆ = 1´ 1´ cos 0 = 1 so n.n = i .i = j . j = k .k = 1
displacement vector
! !
! ! (ix) In case of orthogonal vectors unit vectors i, j and
r = ( x2 - x1 )iˆ + ( y 2 - y1 ) ˆj + ( z 2 - z1 )k
kˆ, iˆ. ˆj = ˆj.kˆ = kˆ.iˆ = 1´ 1cos 90 0 = 0
Scalar product of Two Vectors
(x) In terms of components
(1) Definition : The scalar product (or dot product) of two vectors
!! ! ! ! ! ! !
is defined as the product of the magnitude of two vectors with cosine of
angle between them.
[
A.B = (i Ax + j Ay + kAz ).(i Bx + j B y + kBz ) = Ax Bx + Ay B y + Az Bz + Az Bz ]
! ! (3) Example : (i) Work W : In physics for constant force work is
Thus if there are two vectors A and B having angle q between them,
defined as, W = Fs cosq …(i)
! !
then their scalar product written as A. B is defined as
!!
!!
A.B = AB cosq But by definition of scalar product of two vectors, F.s = Fs cosq
…(ii)
(2) Properties : (i) It always a scalar.
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!! ! !
So from equation (i) and (ii) W = F.s i.e. work is the scalar product right handed screw rotated from A (first vector) to B (second vector)
of force with displacement. through the smallar angle between themk. Thus, if a right handed screrw
! !
whose axis is perpendicular to the plane framed by A and B is rotated
(ii) Power P :
! !
from A to B through the smallar angle between them, then the
! !
! ! dw ! ds! direction of advancement of the screw gives the direction of A ´ B i.e.
As W = F.s or = F.
dt dt
[AsF!iscons tan t ] !
C
!! (2) Properties
or p = F .v i.e., power is the scalar product of force with velocity.
! (i) Vector product of any two vectors is always a vector perpendicular to
é dw ds ! ù the plane containing these two vectors, i.e., orthogonal to both the
As
êë dt = Pand = vú ! ! ! !
dt û vectors A and B , throygh the vectors A and B may or may not be
orthogonal.
(iii) Magnetic Flux f :
(ii) Vector product of two vectors is not commutative, i.e.,
Magnetic flux through an area
! ! ! !
[ ! !
A ´ B ¹ B ´ A but = - B ´ A ]
is given by d f = Bds cosq …(i)
Here it is worthy to note that

But by definition of scalar product ! ! ! !

A ´ B = B ´ A = AB sin q
! !
B.ds = Bds cosq …(ii) ! ! ! !
i.e. in case of vector A´ B and B´ A magnitudes are equal but
So from equation (i) and (ii) we have direction are opposite.
! ! ! !
df = B.ds or f = ò B.ds (iii) The vector product is distributive when the orde3r of the vectors is
strictly maintained, i.e.
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
(iv) Potential energy of a dipole U : If can electric dipole of moment P A ´ (B + C) = A ´ B + A ´ C
! !
is situated in an electric field E or a magnetic dipole of moment M in
! (iv) The vector product of two vectors will be maximum when
a field of induction B , the potential energy of the dipole is given by :
sin q = max = 1, i.e., q = 90 0
! ! ! !
U E = - p.E and U B = - M .B
[! !
]
A ´ B max = ABnˆ
Vector Product of Two Vectors
i.e. vector product is maximum if the vectors are orthogonal.
(1) Definition : The vector product or cross product of two vectors (v) The vector prodyuct of two non – zero vectors will be minimum
is defined as a vector having a magnitude equal to the product of the when sin q = minimum = 0, i.e. q = 00 or 180 0
[A! ´ B! ]
magnitudes of two vector with the sine of angle between them, and
direction perpendicular to the plane containing the two vectors in min =0
accordance with right hand screw rule.
! ! ! i.e. if the vector product of two non – zero vectors vanishes, the vectors
C = A´ B are collinear.

! ! (vi) The self cross product, i.e., product of a vector by itself vanishes,
Thus if A and B are two vectors, then their vector product written as ! ! !
! ! ! i.e., is null vector A ´ A = AAsin 00 nˆ = 0
A ´ B is a vector C defined by
! ! !
C = A ´ B = ( AB sin q )nˆ (vii) In case of unit vector nˆ ´ nˆ = 0̂ so that
!
iˆ ´ iˆ = ˆj ´ ˆj = kˆ ´ kˆ = 0

(viii) In case of orthogonal unit vectors, iˆ, ˆj , kˆ in accordance with

! ! ! right hand screw rule:

The direction of A ´ B, i.e. C is perpendicular to the plane
! !
conmtaining vectors A and B and in the saence of advancement of a
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If the tail of the above vectors put together as shown in figure below.
Then it is found that

This called Lami’s theorem.

Relative Velocity

(1) Introduction : When we consider the motion of a particle, we

! ! assume a fixed point relative to which the given particle is in motion.
(x) If two vectors A& B are parallel to each other then
For example, if we say that water is flowing or wind is blowing or a
ax a y az person is running with a speed v, we mean that these all are relative to
= = = k (a const. > 0). the earth (which we have assumed to be fixed).
bx b y bz
! !
(xi) The area of parallelogram with A and B as adjacent side is
! !
A´ B .

! !
(xii) The area of a triangle with A and B is sides is 1 A! ´ B! .
2
! ! ! !
(xiii) A unit vector perpendicular to A as well as A nˆ = A ´ B .
! !
A´ B Now to find the velocity of a moving object relative to another moving
!
! ! ! ! ! object, consider a particle P whose position relative to frame S is rps
(xiv) A.( B ´ C ) = Volume of the parallelepiped formed with A , B !
! while relative to S’ is r ps ' .
and C as sides.
!
If the position of frames S’ relative to s at any time is rs 's then from
(3) Example : Since vector product of two vectors is a vector, vector
! ! !
physical quantities (particularly representing rotational effects) like figure, rps = r ps ' + rs 's
torque, angular momentum, velocity and force on a moving charge in a
magnetic field and can be expressed as the vector product of two Diffrentiating this equation with respect to time
vectors. It is well – established in physical that :
! ! !
! ! ! drps drps' drs's
(i) Torque t = r ´ F = +
dt dt dt
! ! !
!
(ii) Angular momentum L=r´p
or
! !
v ps = v ps ' + v s 's [asv! = dr! / dt]
! ! !
(iii) Velocity v =w´r ! ! !
or v ps ' = v ps + v s 's
!
(iv) Force on a charged particle q moving with velocity v in magnetic
! ! ! ! (2) General formula : The relative velocity of a particle P1
field B is given by F = q (v ´ B ) !
moving with velocity v1 with respect to another particle p2 moving
! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
(v) Torque on a dipole in a field t E = p ´ E and t B = M ´ B with velocity v2 is given by, vr12 = v1 - v2

Lami’s Theorem

Let us consider three vectors in a plane such that

(i) If both the particles are moving in the same direction then:
6|Page Vectors

! ! ! ! ! !
vr12 = v1 - v2 v = vM - vR , i.e. vM = v + vR
(ii) If the two particles are moving in the opposite direction, then: So if the swimming is in the direction of flow of water,

vr12 = v1 + v2 vM = v + v R
And if the swimming is opposite to the flow of water,
(iii) If the two particles are moving in the mutually perpendicular
directions, then:
vM = v - v R
vr12 = v12 + v22 !
(6) Crossing the river : Suppose, the river is flowing with velocity vr . A man can
!
! ! swim in still water with velocity v m . He is standing on one bank of the river and wants to
(iv) If the angle between v1 and v2 be q , then vr12 = v12 + v22 cross the river, two cases arise.

[
vr12 = v12 + v22 - 2v1v2 cosq ]
1/ 2
.
(i) To cross the river over shortest distance : That is to cross the river straight, the man should
swim making angle q with the upstream as shown.
(3) Relative velocity of satellite : If a satellite is moving in equatorial plane Here OAB is the
! !
with velocity vs and a point on the surface of eart with ve relative to the centre of earth, triangle of vectors, in
the velocity of satellite relative to the surface of earth

! ! ! ! !
vse = vs - ve which OA = vm , AB = vr .
!
So if the satellite moves from west to east (in the direction of rotation of earth on its axis) its Their resultant is given by OB = v . The direction of swimming makes angle q with
velocity relative to earth’s surface wilo be vse = vs - ve upstream. From the triangleOBA, we find,

And if the satellite moves from east to west, i.e., opposite to the motion of earth, vr vr
cosq = sin a =
vse = vs - (- ve ) = vs + ve
Also
vm vm
! Where a is the angle made by the direction of swimming with the shortest distance (OB)
(4) Relative velocity of rain : If rain is falling vertically with a velocity v R and across the river.
!
an observer is moving horizontally with speed vM the velocity of rain relative to observer Time taken to cross the river : If w be the width of the river, then time taken to cross the river
will be will be given by

! ! !
vRM = vR - vM w w
t1 = =
Which by law of vector addition has magnitude
v vm - vr2
2

(ii) To cross the river in shortest possible time : The man should swim perpendicular to the
vRM = vR2 + vM2 bank.

The time taken to cross the river will be:

direction q = tan -1 (vM / vR ) with the vertical as shown in fig.
w
t2 =
vm

In this case, the man will touch the opposite bank at a distance AB down stream . This
distance will be given by:

So inorder to save himself from wetting person should hold umbrella at

angle q with verticle.

(5) Relative velocity of swimmer : If a man can swim

!
relative to water with velocity v and water is flowing relative to ground with
! !
velocity v R , velocity of man relative to ground vM will be given by:
7|Page Vectors

3
(c) 3A (d)
A
! !
7. If A = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj - 5kˆ the direction of cosines of the vector A are

2 4 -5 1 2 3
(a) , and (b) , and
45 45 45 45 45 45

4 4 3 2 5
(c) ,0and (d) , and
45 45 45 45 45

8. The vector must be added to the vector iˆ - 3 ˆj + 2kˆ and

3iˆ + 6 ˆj - 7kˆ so that the resultant vector is a unit vector along the y-
1. The vector projection of a vector 3iˆ + 4kˆ on y – axis is axis is

(a) 5 (b) 4
(a) 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + 5kˆ (b) - 4iˆ - 2 ˆj + 5kˆ
(c) 3 (d) Zero
(c) 3iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5kˆ (d) null vector
2. Possition of a particle in a rectangular-co-ordinate system is (3, 2, 5).
Then its possition vector will be
9. How many minimum number of coplanar vectors having different
magnitudes can be added to give zero resultant
(a) 3iˆ + 5 ˆj + 2kˆ (b) 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 5kˆ
(a) 2 (b) 3

(c) 5iˆ + 3 ˆj + 2kˆ (d) None of these (c) 4 (d) 5

3. If a particle moves from point P (2,3,5) to point q (3,4,5). Its 10. A hall has the dimensions 10m ´ 12m ´ 14m . A fly statring at
displacement vector be one corner ends up at a diagonally opposite corner. What is the
magnitude of its displacement
(a) iˆ + ˆj + 10 kˆ (b) iˆ + ˆj + 5kˆ
(a) 17 m (b) 26 m

(c) iˆ + ˆj (d) 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 6kˆ (c) 36 m (d) 21 m

4. A force on 5 N acts on a particle along a direction making an angle of 11. 100 coplanar forces each equal to 10 an act on a body. Each force
600 with vertical. Its vertical components will be makes angle p / 50 with the preceding force. What is the resultant of
the forces
(a) 10 N (b) 3 N
(a) 1000 N (b) 500 N
(c) 4 N (d) 2.5 N
! ! (c) 250 N (d) Zero
5. If A = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj and B = 7iˆ + 24 ˆj , the vector having the same
12. The magnitude of a given vector with end points (4, -4, 0) and (-2, -
magnitude as B and parallel to A is
2, 0) must be

(a) 5iˆ + 20 ˆj (b) 15iˆ + 10 ˆj

(a) 6 (b) 5 2
(c) 20iˆ + 15 ˆj (d) 15iˆ + 20 ˆj (c) 4 (d) 5 10
!
6. VectorA makes equal angles with x, y and z axis. Value of its
! æ 1 ˆ 1 ˆö
components (in terms of magnitude of A ) will be 13. The expression ç i+ j ÷ is a
è 2 2 ø
A A (a) Unit vector (b) Null vector
(a) (b)
3 2
(c) Vector of magnitude 2 (d) Scalar
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! ! 21. Which of the following is a vector
14. Given vector A = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj , the angle between A and y-axis is
(a) Pressure (b) Surface tension
(a) tan -1 3 / 2 (b) tan -1 2 / 3
(c) Moment of inertia (d) None of these
-1 -1
(c) sin 2 / 3 (d) cos 2 / 3 ! !
22. If P = Q then which of the following is NOT correct
15. The unit vector along iˆ + ˆj is ! !
(a) Pˆ = Qˆ (b) P=Q
(a) k̂ (b) iˆ + ˆj ! !
(c) PQˆ = QPˆ (d) P + Q = Pˆ + Qˆ
iˆ + ˆj iˆ + ˆj
(c) (d) 23. The position vector of a particle is
2 2 !
r = (a cos wt )iˆ + (a sin wt ) ˆj .
16. A vector is represented by 3iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ . Its length in XY plane is (a) Parallel to the position vector

(b) Perpendicular to the position vector

(a) 2 (b) 14
(c) Directed towords the origin
(c) 10 (d) 5
(d) Directed away from the origin
17. Five equal forces of 10 N each are applied at one point and all are
lying in one plane, If the angles between them are equal, the resultant 24. Which of the following is a scalar quantity
force will be
(a) Displacement (b) Electric field
(a) Zero (b) 10 N
(c) Acceleration (d) Work

(c) 20 N (d) 10 2 N 0.5iˆ + 0.8 ˆj + ckˆ , then the

25. If a unit vector is represented by
value of ‘c’ is

18. The angle made by the vector A = iˆ + ˆj with x-axis is (a) 1 (b) 0.11

(a) 900 (b) 450 (c) 0.01 (d) 0.39

(c) 22.50 (d) 300
26. A boy walks uniformally along the sides of a rectangular park of size
19. Any vector in arbitrary direction can always be replaced by two (or 400m ´ 300m ,stating from one corner to the other corner diagonally
three) opposite. Which of the following statement is incorrect

(a) Parallel vectors which have the original vector as their (a) He has travelled a distance of 700 m

resultant (b) His displacement is 700 m

(b) Mutually perpendicular vectors which have the original (c) His displacement is 500 m

as their resultant (d) His velocity is not uniform throughout the walk

(c) Arbitrary vectors which have the original vector as their 27. The unit vector parallel to the resultant of the vectors
! !
A = 4iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ and B = -iˆ + 3 ˆj - 8kˆ is
resultant
1 ! 1 !
(d) It is not possible to resolve a vector (a) (3i + 6 ˆj - 2kˆ) (b) (3i + 6 ˆj + 2kˆ)
7 7
20. Angular momentum is
1 ! 1 !
(a) A scalar (b) A polar vector (c) (3i + 6 ˆj - 2kˆ) (d) (3i - 6 ˆj + 2kˆ)
49 49
(c) An axial vector (d) None of these
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28. Surface area is

(a) Scalar (b) Vector
33. The component of vector A = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj along the vector iˆ + ˆj is

(c) Neither scalar nor vector (d) Both scalar and vector 5
(a) (b) 2 10
29. With respect to a rectangular cartesian ccordinate system, three 2
vector are expressed as

! ! ! (c) 5 2 (d) 5
a = 4iˆ - ˆj , b = -3iˆ + 2 ˆj and c = -kˆ
34. A particle starting from the origin (0, 0) moves in a straight line in

Where iˆ, ˆj , kˆ are unit vectors, along the X, Y and Z-axis respectively. the (x, y) plane. Its coordinate at a later time are ( 3 ,3). The path of
! the particle makes with the x-axis an angle of
The unit vectors r along the direction of sum of these vector is
(a) 300 (b) 450
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(a) rˆ = (i + j - k ) (b) rˆ = (i + j - k ) (c) 600 (d) 00
3 2

1 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(c) rˆ = (iˆ - ˆj + kˆ) (d) rˆ = (i + j + k )
3 2
30. Which of the following statement is true 1. There are two force vectors, one of 5 N and other of 12 N. At what
angle the two vect6ors be added to get resultant vector of 17 N, 7 N and
(a) When the coordinate axes are translated the component 13 N respectively

of a vector in a plane changes (a) 00, 1800 and 900 (b) 00, 900 and 1800

(b) When the coordinate axes are roteded through some (c) 00, 900 and 900 (d) 1800, 00 and 900
! !
angle components of the vector change but the vector’s
2. If A = 4iˆ - 3 ˆj and B = 6iˆ + 8 ˆj then magnitude and direction
! !
magnitudes remains constant
of A + B will be
! ! ! !
(c) Sum of a and b is R . If the magnitude of a alone is (a) 5, tan -1 (3 / 4) (b) 5 5 , tan -1 (1 / 2)
! !
increased angle between b and R decreases.
(c) 10, tan -1 (5) (d) 25, tan -1 (3 / 4)

(d) The cross product of 3iˆ and 4 ĵ is 12. 3. A truck travelling due north at 20 m/s turns west and travels at the
same speed. The change in its velocity be
31. The position vector of a particle is determind by the expression
! 2 m/s N-W
r = 3t 2 iˆ + 4t 2 ˆj + 7 kˆ (a) 40 m/s N-W (b) 20

The distance traversed in first 10 sec is (c) 40 m/s S-W (d) 20 2 m/s S-W
(a) 500 m (b) 300 m 4. If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, then magnitude of
difference is
(c) 150 m (d) 100 m
! 2 3
32. Unit vector parallel to the resultant of vectors A = 4iˆ - 3 ˆj and (a) (b)
!
B = 8iˆ + 8 ˆj will be 1/ 2 5
(c) (d)

24iˆ + 5 ˆj 12iˆ + 5 ˆj ! ! !
(a) (b) 5. A = 2iˆ + ˆj , B = 3 ˆj - kˆ and C = 6iˆ - 2kˆ.
13 13
! ! !
Value of A - 2B + 3C
6iˆ + 5 ˆj
(c) (d) None of these
13 (a) 20iˆ + 5 ˆj + 4kˆ (b) 20iˆ - 5 ˆj - 4kˆ
10 | P a g e Vectors

(c) 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 20kˆ (d) 5iˆ + 4 ˆj + 10kˆ (a) F1 + F2 (b) F1 - F2

6. An object of m kg with speed of v m/s strikes the wall at an angle q (c) F12 + F22 (d) F12 + F22
and rebounds at the same speed and same angle. The magnitude of the
change in momentum of the object will be ! ! ! ! ! !
13. If A - B = A = B , the angle between A and B be is
(a) 2mvcos q
(a) 600 (b) 00
(b) 2mvsin q
(c) 1200 (d) 900
(c) 0

(d) 2mv ! !
14. Let the angle between two non zero vectors A and B be 1200 and
!
resultant be C
7. Two forces, each of magnitude F have a resultant of the same
magnitude F. The angle between the two forces is
! ! !
(a) C must be equal to A - B
(a) 450 (b) 1200
! ! !
(c) 150 0
(d) 60 0 (b) C must be less than A - B

8. For the resultant of the two vectors to be maximum, what must be the ! ! !
angle between them (c) C must be greater than A - B
(a) 00 (b) 600 ! ! !
(d) C may be equal to A - B
(c) 900 (d) 1800
! ! !
9. A particle is simultaneously acted by two forces equal to 4 N and 3 N. A , B and C are respectively 12, 5 and
15. The magnitude of vector
The net force on the particle is ! ! ! ! !
13 units and A + B = C then the angle between A and B is
(a) 7 N (b) 5 N
(a) 0 (b) π
(c) 1 N (d) Between 1 N and 7 N
(c) π/2 (d) π/4
! ! !
10. Two vectors A and B lie in a plane, another vector C lies
! ! 16. Magnitude of vector which comes on addition of two vectors,
outside this plane, then the resultant of these three vectors i.e., A + B
! 6iˆ + 7 ˆj and 3iˆ + 4 ˆj is
+ C
(a) Can be zero (a) 136 (b) 13.2
(b) Cannot be zero
(c) 202 (d) 160
! !
(c) Lies in the plane containing A + B 17. A particle has displacement of 12 m towards east and 5 m towards
! north then 6 m vertically upwards. The sum of these displacement is
(d) Lies in the plane containing C
(a) 12 (b) 10.04 m
0
11. Two equal forces are acting at a point with an angle of 60 between
(c) 14.31 m (d) None of these
them. If the resultant force is equal to 40 3N , the magnitude of ach ! !
force is 18. The three vectors A = 3iˆ - 2 ˆj + kˆ, B = iˆ - 3 ˆj + 5kˆ and
!
(a) 40 N (b) 20 N C = 2iˆ + ˆj - 4kˆ from
(c) 80 N (d) 30 N
(a) An equilateral triangle (b) Isosceles triangle
12. Forces F1 and F2 act on point mass in two mutually perpendicular
(c) A right angled triangle (d) No triangle
directions. The resultant force on the point mass will be
19. For the figure
11 | P a g e Vectors
! ! ! 25. If vectors P, Q and R have magnitude 5, 12 and 13 units and
(a) A+ B = C ! ! !
P + Q = R , the angle between Q and R is
! ! !
(b) B + C = A
5 5
! ! ! (a) cos -1 (b) cos -1
(c) C + A = B 12 13
! ! ! 12 7
(d) A + B + C = 0 (c) cos -1 (d) cos -1
13 13
! ! !
20. Let C = A + B then
26. The resultant of two vectors A and B is perpendicular to the vector
! ! A and its magnitude is equal to half the magnitude of vector B. The
(a) C is always greater then A angle between A and B is

(a) 1200 (b) 1500

! ! ! !
(b) It is possible to have C < A and C < B
(c) 1350 (d) None of these

(c) C is always equal to A+ B 27. What vector must be added to the two vectors iˆ - 2 ˆj + 2kˆ and
(d) C is never equal to A+ B 2iˆ + ˆj - kˆ , so that the resultant may be a unit vector along x-axis
! !
A and B with q as the angle
21. The value of the sum of two vectors
between them is
(a) 2iˆ + ˆj - kˆ (b) - 2iˆ + ˆj - kˆ

(a) A2 + B 2 + 2 AB cosq (c) 2iˆ - ˆj + kˆ (d) - 2iˆ - ˆj - kˆ

! !
(b) A - B + 2 AB cosq
2 2 28. What is the angle between
! !
!
P and the resultant of P + Q and( )
(P-Q )
(c) A + B - 2 AB sin q
2 2

(a) Zero (b) tan -1 ( P / Q)

(d) A2 + B 2 + 2 AB sin q
(c) tan -1 (Q / P) (d) tan -1 ( P - Q) /(P + Q)
22. Following sets of three forces act on body. Whose resultant cannot !
! !
be zero 29. The resultant of P and Q is perpendicular to P . What is the
! !
(a) 10, 10, 10 (b) 10, 10, 20 angle between P and Q
(c) 10, 20, 23 (d) 10, 20, 40
(a) cos -1 ( P / Q) (b) cos -1 (- P / Q)
23. When three forces of 50 N, 30 N and 15 N act on body, then the
body is
(c) sin -1 ( P / Q) (d) sin -1 (- P / Q)
(a) At rest
30. Maximum and minimum magnitudes of the resultant of two vectors
(b) Moving with a uniform velocity of magnitudes P and Q are in the ratio 3 : 1. Which of the following
relations is true
(c) In equilibrium
(a) P = 2Q (b) P = Q
(d) Moving with an acceleration
(c) PQ = 1 (d) None of these
24. The sum of two forces acting at a point is 16 N. If the resultant
! ! !
forces is 8 N and its direction is perpendicular to smaller force then the 31. The resultant of two vectors P and Q is R . If Q is doubled, the
forces are
new resultant is perpendicular to P. Then R equals
(a) 6 N and 10 N (b) 8 N and 8 N
(a) P (b) ( P + Q)
(c) 4 N and 12 N (d) 2 N and 14 N
(c) Q (d) ( P - Q)
12 | P a g e Vectors

32. Two forces, F1 and F2 are acting on a body. One force is double that
æ7ö p
of the other force and the resultant is equal to the greater force. Then the (c) tan -1 ç ÷ (d)
angle between the two forces is è5ø 4

39. While travelling from one station to another, a car travels 75 km

(a) cos -1 (1 / 2) (b) cos -1 (-1 / 2) North, 60 km North-east and 20 km East. The minimum distance
between the two station is
(c) cos -1 (-1 / 4) (d) cos -1 (1 / 4)
(a) 72 km (b) 112 km
! ! ! !!
33. Given that A+ B = Cand that is ^ to A . Further if
C (c) 132 km (d) 155 km
! ! ! !
A = C , then what is the angle between A and B 40. A scooter going due east at 10 ms-1 turns right trough an angle of
900. If the speed of the scooter remains unchanged in taking turn, the
change is the velocity of the scooter is
p p
(a) radian (b) radian
4 2 (a) 20.0 ms-1 south eastern direction

3p (b) Zero
(c) radian (d) pradian
4 (c) 10.0 ms-1 in southern direction

34. A body is at rest under the action of three forces, two of which are (d) 14.14 ms-1 in south-west direction
! !
F1 = 4iˆ, F2 = 6 ˆj , the third force is 41. A person goes 10 km north and 20 km east. What will be
displacement from initial point
(a) 4iˆ + 6 ˆj (b) 4iˆ - 6 ˆj
(a) 22.36 km (b) 2 km

(c) - 4iˆ + 6 ˆj (d) - 4iˆ - 6 ˆj (c) 5 km (d) 20 km

! ! ! ! ! !
35. A plane is revolving around the earth with a speed of 100 km/hr at a 42. Two vectors A and B are such that A + B = A - B. Then
constant height from the surface of earth. The change in the velocity as
it travels half circle is !! ! !
(a) A.B = 0 (b) A´ B = 0
(a) 200 km/hr (b) 150 km/hr ! !
(c) A=0 (d) B=0
(c) 100 2 km/hr (d) 0
43. Which pair of the following forces will never give resultant force of
2N
36. What displacement must be added to the displacement 25iˆ - 6 ˆj
m to give a displacement of 7.0 m pointing in the x- direction (a) 2 N and 2 N (b) 1 N and 1 N

(c) 1 N and 3 N (d) 1 N and 4 N

(a) 18iˆ - 6 ˆj (b) 32iˆ - 13 ˆj
44. Two forces 3 N and 4 N are at an angle q such that the resultant is
(c) - 18iˆ + 6 ˆj (d) - 25iˆ + 13 ˆj R. The first force is now increased to 6N and the resultant become 2R.
The value of q is
37. A body moves due East with velocity 20 km/hr and then due North
with velocity 15 km/hr. The resultant velocity (a) 300 (b) 600

(a) 5 km/hr (b) 15 km/hr (c) 900 (d) 1200

(c) 20 km/hr (d) 25 km/hr 45. Three concurrent forces of the same magnitude are in equilibrium.
What is the angle between the force ? Also name of the triangle formed
! ! !
by the forces as sides
38. The magnitudes of vectors A , B and C are 3, 4 and 5 units
! ! ! ! !
respectively. If A + B = C, the angle between A and B is (a) 600 equilateral triangle

(b) 1200 equilateral triangle

p -1
(a) (b) cos (0.6)
2 (c) 1200, 300, 300 an isosceles triangle

(d) 1200 an obtuse angled triangle

13 | P a g e Vectors

! ! ! ! ! ! (a) 0 (b) 2
46. If A + B = A + B , then angle between A and B will be
(c) 3 (d) 4
0 0
(a) 90 (b) 120
3. A body, acted upon by a force of 50 N is displaced through a distance 10 m in
a direction making an angle of 600 with the force. The work done by the force be
(c) 00 (d) 600
(a) 200 J (b) 100 J
47. The maximum and minimum magnitude of the resultant of two
given vectors are 17 units and 7 unit respectively. If these two vector are (c) 300 J (d) 250 J
at right angles to each other, the magnitude of their resultant is

(a) 14 (b) 16
4. A particle moves from position 3iˆ + 2 ˆj - 6kˆ to 14iˆ + 13 ˆj + 9kˆ

(c) 18 (d) 13
due to a uniform force of ( )
4iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ N . If the displacement in m then
work done will be
48. The vectors 5iˆ + 8 ˆj and 2iˆ + 7 ˆj are added. The magnitude of (a) 100 J (b) 200 J
the sum of these vector is
(c) 300 J (d) 250 J
274 ! !
! !
( )
(a) (b) 38
5. If for two vectors A and B , sum A + B is perpendicular to the
! !
(c) 238 (d) 560
difference ( )
A - B . The ratio of their magnitude is
49. Y component of velocity is 20 and x component of velocity is 10.
The direction of motion of the body with the horizontal at this instant is (a) 1 (b) 2

(c) 3 (d) None of these

(a) tan -1 (2) (b) tan -1 (1 / 2)
! !
0 0 6. The angle between the vectors A and B is q . The of the triple
(c) 45 (d) 0 ! ! !
50. Two forces of 12 N and 8 N act upon a body. The resultant force on
product (
A. B ´ A ) is
the body has maximum value of
(a) A2 B (b) Zero
(a) 4 N (b) 0 N
(c) A 2 B sin q (d) A 2 B cosq
(c) 20 N (d) 8 N
! ! ! !
51. Two equal forces (P each) act at a point inclined to each other at an 7. If A ´ B = B ´ A then the between A and B is
angle of 1200. The magnitude of their resultant is
(a) p /2 (b) p /3
(a) P/2 (b) P/4

(c) P (d) 2P (c) p (d) p / 4

! !
8. If A = 3iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ and B = 2iˆ - 2 ˆj + 4kˆ then the value of
! !
A´ B will be

1. If a vector 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 8kˆ is perpendicular to the vector (a) 8 2 (b) 8 3

4 ˆj - 4iˆ + akˆ . Then the value of a is
8 5 5 8
(c) (d)

(a) -1 (b)
1
2 9. The torque of the force
!
(
F = 2iˆ - 3 ˆj + 4kˆ N ) acting at the point

1
!
( )
r = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ m about the origin be
(c) - (d) 2P
2
(a) 6iˆ - 6 ˆj + 12 kˆ (b) 17iˆ - 6 ˆj - 13kˆ
2. If two vectors 2iˆ + 3 ˆj - kˆ and - 4iˆ - 6 ˆj + lkˆ are parallel to
- 6iˆ + 6 ˆj - 12kˆ - 17iˆ + 6 ˆj + 13kˆ
each other then value of l be
(c) (d)
14 | P a g e Vectors
! ! ! (c) + 7 J (d) + 11 J
10. If A ´ B = C, then which of the following statement is wrong
! ! ! ! - 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ
(a) C^A (b) C ^ B
17. The angle between two vectors and

! ! ! ! ! ! iˆ + 2 ˆj - 4kˆ is
(c) (
C ^ A+ B ) (d) (
C ^ A´ B ) (a) 00 (b) 900
11. If a particle of mass m is moving with constant velocity v parallel to
(c) 1800 (d) None of the above
x-axis in x-y plane as shown in fig. Its angular momentum with respect
to origin at any time t will be
18. The angle between the vectors iˆ + ˆj and ˆj + kˆ is
(a) mvbkˆ (a) 300 (b) 450

(b) - mvbkˆ (c) 600 (d) 900

6iˆ - 4 ˆj + 3kˆm / s
(c) mvbiˆ 19. A particle moves with a velocity
!
under the

influence of a constant force F = 20iˆ + 15 ˆj - 5kˆN . The

(d) mviˆ instantaneous power applied to the particle is

! ! (a) 35 J/s (b) 45 J/s

ˆ ˆ = 3 ˆj + 4kˆ . The
12. Consider two vectors F1 = 2i + 5k and F2
magnitude of the scalar product of these vectors is (c) 25 J/s (d) 195 J/s
! ! ! !
(a) 20 (b) 23
20. If
P.Q = PQ, then angle between P and Q is

(c) 5 33 (d) 26 (a) 00 (b) 300

! (c) 450 (d) 600

13. Consider a vector F = 4iˆ - 3 ˆj . Another vector that is
! !
perpendicular to F is 21. A force
F = 5iˆ + 6 ˆj + 4kˆ acting on a body, produces a
!
S = 6iˆ - 5kˆ. Work done by the force is
(a) 4iˆ + 3 ˆj (b)
6iˆ displacement

(a) 10 units (b) 18 units

(c) 7k̂ (d) 3iˆ - 4 ˆj
(c) 11 units (d) 5 units
! !
A and B are at right angles to each other, when
!
14. Two vectors
22. The angle between the two vectors
A = 5iˆ + 5 ˆj and
! ! ! ! !
(a) A+ B = 0 (b) A - B = 0
B = 5iˆ - 5 ˆj will be
! ! !! (a) Zero (b) 450
(c) A´ B = 0 (d) A.B = 0
(c) 900 (d) 1800
! ! ! ! ! !
15. The vectors A and B are such that A + B - A - B . The ! !
angle between the two vectors is 23. The vector
P = aiˆ + aˆj + 3kˆ and
Q = aiˆ - 2 ˆj - kˆ are
perpendicular to each other. The positive value of a is
(a) 750 (b) 450
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 900 (d) 600
(c) 9 (d) 13
!
16.A force (
F = 5iˆ + 3 ˆj ) Newton is applied over a particle which 24. A body, constrained to move in the Y-direction is subjected to a

displaces it from its origin to the point

!
( )
r = 2iˆ - 1 ˆj metres . The
force given by
!
( )
F = - 2iˆ + 15 ˆj + 6kˆ N . What is the work done
work done on the particle is by this force in moving the body a distance 10 m along the Y-axis
(a) - 7 J (b) + 13 J
15 | P a g e Vectors

(a) 20 J (b) 150 J 31. The resultant of the two vectors having magnitude 2 and 3 is 1. What
is their cross product
(c) 160 J (d) 190 J
(a) 6 (b) 3
!
25. A particle moves in the x-y plane under the action of a force
F
(c) 1 (d) 0
!
such that the value of its linear momentum
( ) at any time t is
P
(a cosqiˆ + b sin qˆj ) is
! ! 32. Vector which is perpendicular to
Px = 2 cos t , p y = 2 sin t. The angle q between
F and P at a
given time t. will be 1 1
(a) b sin qiˆ - a cosqˆj (b) sin qiˆ - cosqˆj
a b
(a) q = 00 (b) q = 30 0
(c) 5k̂ (d) All of these
(c) q = 90 0 (d) q = 1800
33. The angle between two vectors given by 6iˆ + 6 ˆj - 3kˆ and
26. The area of the parallelogram represented by the vectors
! ! 7iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ is
A = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj and B = iˆ + 4 ˆj is

(a) 14 units (b) 7.5 units æ 1 ö æ 5 ö

(a) cos -1 ç ÷ (b) cos -1 ç ÷
(c) 10 units (d) 5 units è 3ø è 3ø
!
F æ 2 ö æ 5ö
27. A vector 1 is along the positive X-axis. If its vector product with (c) sin -1 ç ÷ (d) sin -1 çç ÷÷
! !
F F è 3ø è 3 ø
another vector 2 is zero then 2 could be
! !

(a)
4 ĵ (b) (
- iˆ + ˆj ) 34. A vector A points vertically upwards and B points towards north.
! !
The vector product A ´ B is
(c) ( ˆj + kˆ ) (d) (- 4iˆ) (a) Zero (b) Along west
! ! ! ! (c) Along east (d) Vertically downward
28. If for two vectors A and B , A ´ B = 0, the vectors

(a) Are perpendicular to each other 35. A unit mass at position vector
!
(
r = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj ) is moving with a
(b) Are parallel to each other velocity
!
(
v = 5iˆ - 6 ˆj ). What is the angular momentum of the body
about the origin
(c) Act at an angle of 600
(a) 2 units along z-axis (b) 38 units along x-axis
(d) Act at an angle of 300
(c) 38 units along y-axis (d) 38 units along z-axis
! ! ! !
29. The angle between vectors ( A´ B ) and ( B´ A ) is 36.The position vectors of points A, B, C and D are

(a) Zero (b) p A = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5kˆ, B = 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 6kˆ, C = 7iˆ + 9 ˆj + 3kˆ and

p /4 p /2 D = 4iˆ + 6 ˆj then the displacement vectors AB and CD are

(c) (d)
! !
30. What is the angle between (P! + Q ) and (P! ´ Q ) (a) Perpendicular

(b) Parallel
p
(c) Antiparallel
(a) 0 (b)
2
(d) Inclined an at angle of 600
p !
(c)
4
(d) p
37. If force (F ) = 4iˆ + 5 ˆj and displacement (s! ) = 3iˆ + 6kˆ then
the work done is
16 | P a g e Vectors

(a)
4´ 3 (b)
5´ 6 61sq.unit 59 sq.unit
(a) (b)

(c)
6´ 3 (d)
4´ 6 49 sq.unit 52 sq.unit
(c) (d)
! ! ! !
38. If
! !
A ´ B = A.B , then angle between A and B will be 45. The position of a particle is given by
!
(
r = iˆ + 2 ˆj - kˆ )
(a) 300 (b) 450
momentum
!
(
P = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj - 2kˆ . ) The angular momentum is
perpendicular to
(c) 600 (d) 900
(a) x-axis
39. In an clockwise system
(b) y-axis

(a)
ˆj ´ kˆ = iˆ (b) iˆ.iˆ = 0 (c) z-axis

(d) Line at equal angles to all the three axes

(c)
ˆj ´ ˆj = 1 (d) kˆ. ˆj = 1
! ! ! 46. two vector A and B have equal magnitudes. Then the vector A+ B
40. The linear velocity of a rotating body is given by v = w ´r, is perpendicular to
! !
where w is the angular velocity and r is the radius vector. The
! (a) A´ B (b) A- B
angular velocity of a body is w = iˆ - 2 ˆj + 2kˆ and the radius vector
! ! 3 A - 3B
r = 4 ˆj - 3kˆ, then v is (c) (d) All of these
!
29units 31units 47. Find the torque of a force F = -3iˆ + ˆj + 5kˆ acting at the point
(a) (b)
!
r = 7iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ
(c) 37units (d) 41units
14iˆ - 38 ˆj + 16 kˆ 4iˆ + 4 ˆj + 6kˆ
! ! ! !! (a) (b)
41. Three vectors a , b and c satisfy the relation a.b = 0 and
!! !
a.c = 0 . The vector a is parallel to (c) 21iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ (d) - 14iˆ + 34 ˆj - 16 kˆ
! !
(a)
!
b (b)
!
c 48. The value of (A + B! )´ (A - B! ) is
!! ! !
(c) b.c (d) b ´c (a) 0 (b) A2 - B 2
! !
42. The diagonals of a parallelogram are 2iˆ and 2 ĵ . What is the area (c)
! !
B´ A (d) (
2 B´ A )
of the parallelogram
! !
49. If
A and B are perpendicular vectors and vector
(a) 0.5 units (b) 1 units
!
(c) 2 units (d) 4 units
A = 5iˆ + 7 ˆj - 3kˆ and c. The value of a is

43. What is the unit vector perpendicular to the following vectors (a) - 2 (b) 8
2iˆ + 2 ˆj - kˆ and 6iˆ - 3 ˆj + 2kˆ (c) - 7 (d) - 8

iˆ + 10 ˆj - 18kˆ iˆ - 10 ˆj + 18kˆ 50. A force vector applied on a mass is represented as

!
(a)
5 17
(b)
5 17 F = 6iˆ - 8 ˆj + 10 kˆ and accelerates with 1 m/s2. What will be the
mass of the body in kg.
iˆ - 10 ˆj - 18kˆ iˆ + 10 ˆj + 18kˆ
(c) (d) 10 2
5 17 5 17 (a) (b) 20

44. The area of the parallelogram whose sides are represented by the
(c)
2 10 (d) 10
vectors
ˆj + 3kˆ and iˆ + 2 ˆj - kˆ is
17 | P a g e Vectors
!
F = 3iˆ + cˆj + 2kˆ
51. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are represented by the two
57. A force
vectors
iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and
3iˆ - 2 ˆj + kˆ . What is the area of !
acting on a particle causes a

parallelogram displacement
S = -4iˆ + 2 ˆj - 3kˆ in its own direction. If the work
done is 6J, then the value of c will be

(a) 8 (b)
8 3 (a) 12 (b) 6

(c) 1 (d) 0
(c) 3 8 (d) 192
!
! ! 58. The angle between the two vectors
A = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5kˆ and
52. If a vector
A is parallel to another vector B then the resultant of !
! ! B = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj - 5kˆ will be
the vector A ´ B will be equal to

! (a) 900 (b) 00

(a) A (b) A
(c) 600 (d) 450
(c) Zero vector (d) Zero ! !
59.
A and B are two vectors and q is the angle between them, if
!
w = 3iˆ - 4 ˆj + kˆ ! ! ! !
53. What is the value of linear velocity, if
!
and A ´ B = 3 A.B ( ) the value of q is
r = 5iˆ - 6 ˆj + 6kˆ
(a) 600 (b) 450
(a) 6iˆ - 2 ˆj + 3kˆ (b)
6iˆ - 2 ˆj + 8kˆ
(c) 300 (d) 900

4iˆ - 13 ˆj + 6kˆ - 18iˆ - 13 ˆj + 2kˆ 60. A particle moves in the X-Y plane under the influence of a force
!
(c) (d)
() [ˆ ( )
such that its linear momentum is P t = A i cos kt - j sin kt ,
ˆ ( )]
54. Dot product of two mutual perpendicular vector is where A and k are constants. The angle between the force and the
momentum is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(a) 00 (b) 300
(c)
¥ (d) None of these
(c) 450 (d) 900
! !
55. When A.B = - A B , then
! !
(a) A and B are perpendicular to each other 1. P, Q and R three coplanar forces acting at a point at are in equilibrium. Given

! ! P = 1.9318 kg wt, sin q1 = 0.9659, the value of R is ( in kg wt )

(b) A and B act in the same direction
(a) 0.9659
! !
(c) A and B act in the opposite direction (b) 2
! ! (c) 1
(d) A and B can act in any direction
! ! ! ! ! ! 1
56. If A ´ B = 3 A.B, then the value of A + B is (d)
2
1/ 2 2. A body is in equilibrium under the action of three coplanar forces P, Q and R
æ 2 AB ö as shown in the figure. Select the correct statement
(a) ç A + B2 + ÷ (b) A+ B
è 3ø
P Q R
= =
(A )
(a)
sin a sin b sin g
(c)
2
+ B 2 + 3AB
1/ 2
(d) (A 2
+ B 2 + AB )
1/ 2

P Q R
(b) = =
cosa cos b cos g
18 | P a g e Vectors

6. A river is flowing from east to west at a speed of 5 m/min. A man on south

P Q R
(c) = = bank of river, capable of swimming 10 m/min in still water, wants to swim across
tan a tan b tan g the river in the shortest time. He should swim

(a) Due north

P Q R
(d) = =
sin b sin g sin a (b) Due north-east

(c) Due north-east with double the speed of river

5. As shown in figure the tension in the horizontal code is 30 N. The weight W
and tension in the string OA in Newton are (d) None of these

(a) 30 3 ,30 7. A person aiming to reach the exactly opposite point on the bank of stream is
swimming with a speed of 0.5 m/s at an angle of 1200 with the direction of flow
of water. The speed of water in the stream is
(b) 30 3 ,60
(a) 1 m/s (b) 0.5 m/s

(c) 60 3 ,30 (c) 0.25 m/s (d) 0.433 m/s

(d) None of these 8. A moves with 65 km/h while B is coming back of A with 80 km/h. The relative
velocity of B with respect to A is

(a) 80 km/h (b) 60 km/h

1. Two cars are moving in the same direction with the same speed 30 km/hr. (c) 15 km/h (d) 145 km/h
They are separated by a distance of 5 km, the speed of a car moving in the
opposite direction if it meets these two cars at in interval of 4 minutes, will be 9. A thief is running away on straight road on jeep moving with a speed of 9 m/s.
A police man chases him on a motor cycle moving at a speed of 10 m/s. If the
(a) 40 km/hr (b) 45 km/hr instantaneous separation of jeep from the motor cycle is 100 m, how long will it
take for the police man to catch the thief
(c) 30 km/hr (d) 15 km/hr
(a) 1 second (b) 19 second
2. A man standing on a road hold his umbrella at 300 with the vertical to keep the
rain away. He throws the umbrella and start running at 10 km/hr. he fined that (c) 90 second (d) 100 second
raindrops are hitting his head vertically, the speed of raindrops with respect to the
road will be 10. A man can swim with velocity v relative to water. He has to cross a river
width d flowing with a velocity (u > v). The distance through which he is carried
(a) 10 km/hr (b) 20 km/hr downstream by the river is x. Which of the following statement is correct?

(c) 30 km/hr (d) 40 km/hr du

(a) If he cross the in minimum time x=
3. In the above problem, the speed of raindrops w.r.t. the moving man, will be v

10 / 2km/ h 5km / h du
(a) (b) (b) x can not be less than
v
(c) 10 3km / h (d) 5 / 3km / h (c) For x be to minimum he has to swim in a direction

3iˆ + 4 ˆj with respect to ground. The water p ævö

4. A boat is moving with a velocity
making an angle of + sin -1 ç ÷ with the direction
- 3iˆ - 4 ˆj 2 èuø
in the river is moving with a velocity with respect to ground. The
relative velocity of the boat with respect to water is of the flow of water

(a) 8j (b)
- 6iˆ - 8 ˆj (d) x will be max. if he swim in a direction making an angle

p v
6iˆ + 8 ˆj 5 2 of + sin -1 with direction of the flow of water
(c) (d) 2 u
5. A 150 m long train is moving to north at a speed of 10 m/s. A parrot flying 11. A man sitting in a bus travelling in a direction from west to east with a speed
towards south with a seed of 5 m/s crosses the train. The taken by the parrot the of 40 km/h observe that the rain-drops are falling vertically down. To another
cross to train would be: man standing on ground the rain will appear

(a) 30 s (b) 15 s (a) To fall vertically down

(c) 8 s (d) 10 s (b) To fall at an angle going from west to east

19 | P a g e Vectors

(c) To fall at an angle going from east to west

(d) The information given is insufficient to decide the 3. Can the resultant of 2 vectors be zero

direction of rain. (a) Yes, when the 2 vectors are same in magnitude and

Direction
12. A boat takes two hours to travel 8 km and back in still water. If the velocity
of water is 4 km/h, the time taken from going upstream 8 km and coming back is
(b) No

(a) 2h (c) Yes, when the 2 vectors are same in magnitude but

(b) 2h 40 min opposite in sense

(c) 1h 20 min (d) Yes, when the 2 vectors are same in magnitude making

(d) Cannot be estimated with the information given

2p
an angle of with each other
13. A 120 m long train is moving towards west with a speed of 10 m/s. A bird 3
flying towards east with a speed of 5 m/s crosses the train. The time taken by the
bird to cross the train will be 4. The sum of the magnitudes of two forces acting at point is 18 and
magnitude of their resultant is 12. If the resultant is at 900 with the force
(a) 16 sec (b) 12 sec
of smaller magnitude, what are the, magnitudes of forces
(c) 10 sec (d) 8 sec
(a) 12, 5 (b) 14, 4
14. A boat crosses a river with a velocity of 8 km/h. If the resulting velocity of
boat is 10 km/h then the velocity of river water is (c) 5, 13 (d) 10, 8
!
(a) 4 km/h (b) 6 km/h 5. A vector a is turned without a change in its length through a small
! !
(c) 8 km/h (d) 10 km/h angle dq . The value of Da and Da are respectively

(a) 0, a dq (b) a dq , 0

(c) 0, 0 (d) None of these

6. Find the resultant of three vectors OA, OB and OC shown in the

following figure, Radius of the circle is R.

(a) 2R

(b) (
R 1+ 2 )
(c) R 2

! (d) (
R 2 -1 )
1. If a vectors P make angles a , b , and g respectively with the X,
7. Figure shows ABCDEF as a regular hexagon. What is the value of
Y and Z axes. Then sin 2 a + sin 2 b + sin 2 g =
AB + AC + AD + AE + AF
(a) 0 (b) 1

(c) 2 (d) 3 (a) AO

2. If the resultant of n forces of different magnitudes acting at a point is
zero, then the minimum value of n is (b) 2 AO

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 AO
(c) 3 (d) 4
(d) 6 AO
20 | P a g e Vectors

8. The length of second’s hand in a watch is 1 cm. The change in 13. The speed of a boat is 5 km/h in still water. It crosses a river of
velocity of its tip in 15 seconds is width 1 km along the shortest possible path in 15 minutes. The velocity
of the river water is
p
(a) Zero (b) cm / sec (a) 1 km/h (b) 3 km/h
30 2
(c) 4 km/h (d) 5 km/h
p p 2 14. A man crosses a 320 m wide river perpendicular to the current in 4
(c) cm / sec (d) cm / sec
30 30 minutes. If in still water he can swim with a speed 5/3 times that of the
current, then the speed of the current, in m/min is

(a) 30 (b) 40
9. A particle moves towards east with velocity 5 m/s. After 10 seconds
its direction changes towards north with same velocity. The average (c) 50 (d) 60
acceleration of the particle is

1
(a) Zero (b) m / s2N -W
2

1 1
(c) m / s2N - E (d) m / s2S -W
2 2
!
10. A force (
F = - K yiˆ + xˆj )
(where K is a positive constant) acts
on a particle moving in the x-y plane. Starting from the origin, the
particle is taken along the positive x– axis to the point (a, 0) and then
parallel to the y- axis to the point (a, a). The total work done by the
!
forces F on the particle is

(a) - 2Ka 2 (b) 2Ka 2

(c) - Ka 2 (d) Ka 2

11. The vector from origin to the point A and B are

! !
A = 3iˆ - 6 ˆj + 2kˆ and B = 2iˆ + ˆj - 2kˆ respectively. The area
of the triangle OAB be

5 2
(a) 17 sq.unit (b) 17 sq.unit
2 5

3 5
(c) 17 sq.unit (d) 17 sq.unit
5 3
12. A metal sphere is hung by a string fixed to wall. The sphere is
pushed away from the wall by a stick. The forces acting on the sphere
are shown in the second diagram. Which of the following statements is
wrong

(a) P = W tan q
! ! !
(b) T + P +W = 0

(c) T 2 = P2 +W 2 Test (Vector

(d) T = P +W 0.4iˆ + 0.8 ˆj + ckˆ represents a unit vector when c is
1.
21 | P a g e Vectors

(a) - 0.2 (b) 0.2 (a)

iˆ + 2 ˆj (b)
iˆ + ˆj

(c) 0.8 (d) 0 (c)

3iˆ + 2 ˆj (d)
2iˆ + ˆj

2. The angles which a vector iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ makes with X, Y and Z 8. At what angle must the two forces (x + y )and (x - y )act so that
axes respectively are
the resultant may be (x 2
+ y2 )
(a) 600, 600, 600 (b) 450, 450, 450

(c) 600, 600, 450 (d) 450, 450, 600 æ x2 + y2

cos -1 çç -
ö
÷÷ cos -1 çç - 2
(
æ 2 x2 - y2 )ö÷
(a) 2
(
è 2x -y
2
) ø
(b)
è x +y
2 ÷
ø
3. The value of unit vector in the direction of vector A = 5iˆ - 12 ˆj , is
æ x2 + y2 ö æ x2 - y2 ö
iˆ ĵ (c) cos çç - 2
-1
÷
2 ÷ (d) cos çç - 2
-1
÷
2 ÷
(a) (b)
è x - y ø è x + y ø

(c)
(iˆ + ˆj )/ 13 (d)
(5iˆ - 12 ˆj )/ 13 9. Following forces start acting on a particle at rest at the origin of the
co-ordinate system simultaneously
4. Which of the following is independent of the choice of coordinate
! !
system
F1 - 4iˆ - 5 ˆj + 5kˆ, F2 = 5iˆ + 8 ˆj + 6kˆ,
! ! !
P+Q+ R (Px + Qx + Rx )iˆ ! !
(a) (b) F3 - 3iˆ + 4 ˆj - 7kˆ, and F4 = 2iˆ - 3 ˆj - 2kˆ then the particle
! will move
(c)
Px iˆ + Q y ˆj + Rz k (d) None of these
(a) In x – y plane (b) In y – z plane
5. A car travels 6 km towards north at an angle of 450 to the east and
then travels distance of 4 km towards north at an angle of 1350 to the (c) In x – z plane (d) Along x –axis
east. How far is the point from the starting point. What angle does the ! ! ! !
straight line joining its initial and final possition makes with the east
10. The resultant of A+ BR
is 1 . On reversing the vector
B , the
! !2 !2
(a)
50 km and tan -1 (5) resultant becomes
R 2 R
. What is the value of 1
+ R2

(b)
10km and tan -1 ( 5) (a) A2 + B 2 (b) A2 - B 2

52 km and tan -1 (5) (c)

(
2 A2 + B 2 ) (d) (
2 A2 - B 2 )
(c)

( )
11. Figure below shows a body of mass M moving with the uniform
(d)
52 km and tan -1 5 speed on a circular path of radius, R. What is the change in acceleration
in going from P1 to P2
! ! !
6. Given that A + B + C = 0 out of three vectors two are equal in (a) Zero

magnitude and the magnitude of third vector is 2 times that of either (b) v 2 / 2R
of the two having equal magnitude. Then the angles between vectors are
given by
(c) 2v 2 / R

v2
(d) ´ 2
R
(a) 300 , 600 , 900 0
(b) 45 , 450 , 900
12. A particle is moving on a circular path of radius r with uniform
velocity v. The change in velocity when the particle moves from P to Q
(ÐPOQ = 40 )
0 0
(c) 45 , 600 , 900 (d) 90 , 1350 , 1350 0
is

7. Two vectors F1 = 1N and F2 = 1N act along the lines x = 0 and (a) 2v cos 400
y = 0 respectively. Then the resultant of forces would be
22 | P a g e Vectors

(b) 2v sin 400

Aˆ ´ Bˆ Aˆ ´ Bˆ
(a) (b)
(c) 2v sin 200 AB sin q AB cosq
(d) 2v cos 200 ! ! ! !
A´ B A´ B
! ! (c) (d)
13. A = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ
and B = 4iˆ + 2 ˆj - 4kˆ are two vectors.
AB sin q AB cosq
The angle between them will be
19. Two vectors
P = 2iˆ + bˆj + 2kˆ and
Q = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ will be
0 0
(a) 0 (b) 45 parallel if
(c) 600 (d) 900 (a) b = 0 (b) b = 1
! !
14. If A = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj - kˆ and B = -iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ then projection (c) b = 2 (d) b = - 4
! !
!
of A on B will be A = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj
20. Which of the following is not true ? If and
! ! !
3 3 B = 6iˆ + 8 ˆj where A and B are the magnitudes of A and B
(a) (b)
13 26
! ! A 1
(a) A´ B = 0 (b) =
3 3 B 2
(c) (d) !!
26 13
(c) A.B = 48 (d) A=5
! !
15. In above exmple a unit vector perpendicular to both A and B will
be 21. The area of the triangle formed by 2iˆ + ˆj - kˆ and iˆ + ˆj + kˆ is

(a)
+
3
(
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i - j-k ) (b)
-
3
(
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i - j-k ) (a) 3sq.unit

(b) 2 3sq.unit
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

! 2 14 sq.unit
F1 2iˆ - 3 ˆj + 3kˆ(N )
(c)
16. Two constant forces and
!
F2 = iˆ + ˆj - 2kˆ(N ) act on a body and displace it from the position (d)
14
sq.unit
2
r1 = iˆ + 2 ˆj - 2kˆ(M ) to the position r2 = 7iˆ + 10 ˆj + 5kˆ(M ).
What is the work done
22. Two trains along the same straight rais moving with constant speed
(a) 9 J (b) 41 J
60 km/hr and 30 km/hr respectively towards each other. If at time t = 0,
(c) - 3 J (d) None of these the distance between them is 90 km, the time when they collide is

! ! ! ! ! ! (a) 1 hr (b) 2 hr
17. For any two vectors
A and
B , if
A.B = A ´ B , the magnitude
! ! ! (c) 3 hr (d) 4 hr

of C = A + B is equal to
23. A steam boat goes across a lake and comes back (a) On a quite day
when the water is still and (b) On a rough day when there is uniform air

(a)
A2 + B 2 (b) A+ B current so as to helf the journey onward and to impede the journey back.
If the of speed of the launch on both days was same, in which case it
will complete the journey in lesser time
AB
(c)
A2 + B 2 + (d) A 2 + B 2 + 2 ´ AB (a) Case (a)
2
(b) Case (b)
!
18. Which of the following is the unit vector perpendicular to
A and
(c) Same in both
!
B
(d) Nothing can be predicted
23 | P a g e Vectors

24. to a person, going eastward in a car with a velocity of 25 km/hr, a

train appears to move towards north with a velocity of 25 3 km/hr.

The actual velocity of the train will be

(a) 25 km/hr (b) 50 km/hr

(c) 5 km/hr (d) 5 3 km/hr

25. A swimmer can swim in still water with speed u and river is flowing
with velocity v/2. To cross the river in shortest distance, he should swim
making angle q with the upstream. What is the ratio of the time taken to
swim across the shortest time to that is swimming across over shortest
distance

(a) cosq (b) sin q

(c) tan q (d) cot q

26. A bus is moving with a velocity 10 m/s on a straight road. A

scooterist wishes to overtake the bus in 100 s. If the bus is at a distance
of 1 km from the scooterist, with what velocity should the scooterist
chase the bus

(a) 50 m/s (b) 40 m/s

(c) 30 m/s (d) 20 m/s